CN111699845B - Hot air cleaning system of combine harvester and working method - Google Patents
Hot air cleaning system of combine harvester and working method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111699845B CN111699845B CN202010387143.8A CN202010387143A CN111699845B CN 111699845 B CN111699845 B CN 111699845B CN 202010387143 A CN202010387143 A CN 202010387143A CN 111699845 B CN111699845 B CN 111699845B
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- Prior art keywords
- air
- heat exchanger
- engine
- cleaning
- air distribution
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
- A01F12/44—Grain cleaners; Grain separators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/001—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2200/06—Grains, e.g. cereals, wheat, rice, corn
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a combine harvester hot air cleaning system and a working method thereof, belonging to the field of agricultural machinery, comprising an engine heat dissipation device, an air distribution system and a cleaning device; the heat generated by the engine is transferred to the air distribution system by the engine heat dissipation device, and the air distribution system blows air to the cleaning device so as to dry the surface of the grains in the cleaning device; the engine heat dissipation device comprises a fan and a radiator; the fan blows hot air in the radiator into the air distribution chamber, and the centrifugal fan in the air distribution chamber blows the hot air into the cleaning device. The cleaning device can fully utilize the waste heat of the diesel engine to clean the wet materials when the combine harvester works, can reduce the adverse effect of high temperature of the engine on surrounding devices, obviously reduce the working temperature of the engine of the combine harvester, ensure the working stability and reliability of the engine, quickly remove free water on the surface of the wet materials, obviously reduce the moisture content of the wet agricultural materials, and avoid cleaning blockage caused by moisture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular relates to a cleaning fan used in the mechanized combined harvest of wet crops (such as rice, rape and the like), and discloses a device capable of improving the cleaning effect of wet materials in the mechanized combined harvest operation.
Background
In the mechanized combine harvesting operation, the threshed grains often have high moisture content, and a layer of water film is arranged on the surface of the grains, because the stems broken by the threshing rods can generate free water and adhere to the stems and the surfaces of the grains, great difficulty can be brought to cleaning, and the whole operation efficiency of the combine harvester is further influenced, so the design of a cleaning fan part in the mechanized combine harvesting is very critical.
At present, a fan used for cleaning of a combine harvester in the market has no heating function, so that when moist and highly viscous crops are harvested, due to high moisture content and high viscosity of crop stalks and grains, the problems of blockage in different degrees or grain entrainment loss are often caused in the threshing and cleaning links of mechanized combine harvesting, the cleaning efficiency of the crops is seriously restricted, and the operation efficiency of the whole machine is remarkably reduced. In addition, the utilization efficiency of the heat of the engine of the combine harvester is only 30% -40%, most of the heat is discharged into the atmosphere in a tail gas and heat dissipation mode, the temperature of the tail gas reaches 400 ℃ at most and is far beyond the burning point of weeds in the field, and therefore potential safety hazards exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a hot air cleaning system of a combine harvester and a working method thereof, wherein a cleaning device is heated by utilizing the heat of a radiator of an engine and tail gas, so that the aim of drying grains is fulfilled.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following means.
A combine harvester hot air cleaning system comprises an engine heat dissipation device, an air distribution system and a cleaning device; the heat generated by the engine is transferred to the air distribution system by the engine heat dissipation device, and the air distribution system blows air to the cleaning device so as to dry the surface of grains in the cleaning device; the engine heat dissipation device comprises a fan and a radiator; the fan blows hot air in the radiator into the air distribution chamber, and the centrifugal fan in the air distribution chamber blows the hot air into the cleaning device.
Furthermore, tail gas generated by the engine enters the heat exchanger through the gas inlet pipe, enters the gas outlet pipe through the heat exchanger, is blown out to the bottom plate of the cleaning chamber through the gas outlet pipe, and transfers heat to the bottom plate of the cleaning chamber, so that the threshed grains are dried.
Further, the air distribution system comprises a heat exchanger, a support frame, a motor and a lead screw; the heat exchanger is arranged in the air distribution chamber, the lead screw is provided with the lead screw sliding block, the lead screw sliding block can slide along the lead screw under the driving of the motor, and the heat exchanger is buckled on the lead screw sliding block and can move up and down in the air distribution chamber.
Furthermore, the gas outlet of the gas outlet pipe is arranged below the cleaning chamber bottom plate, and the gas outlet of the gas outlet pipe is a horn mouth.
Further, a temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the centrifugal fan.
A working method of a combined harvester hot air cleaning system comprises the following modes:
the first mode is as follows: the heat is transferred to the air distribution chamber by the engine heat dissipation device, and the centrifugal fan in the air distribution chamber blows hot air to the cleaning device so as to dry the surface of the grains;
and a second mode: the tail gas of the engine enters the heat exchanger and then enters the air outlet pipe orifice through the heat exchanger to dry grains on the bottom plate of the cleaning chamber.
Further, the first mode and the second mode may be performed separately or simultaneously.
Further, in the first mode, in the engine heat dissipation device, the fan blows the heat radiator, the heat in the heat radiator is blown to the layered structure outside the heat exchanger in the air distribution chamber, and after being heated by the heat exchanger, hot air is blown to the cleaning device by the centrifugal fan.
Furthermore, in the first mode, in the engine heat dissipation device, the fan blows the heat radiator, the heat in the heat radiator is blown into the heat exchanger in the air distribution chamber through the pipeline, the heat is heated by the heat exchanger and then output, and the hot air is blown into the cleaning device through the centrifugal fan.
Furthermore, a partition plate is arranged in the air distribution chamber, and when the heat exchanger slides along the lead screw, the heat exchanger does not work in a mode after sliding below the guide partition plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by shunting hot air flow of the engine radiator, the temperature of an engine body is reduced, and the safety coefficient is improved; meanwhile, the air distribution device drives the tail gas heat exchanger to move up and down through the lead screw, transmits a signal to the controller according to a sensor at the air outlet, and adjusts the exposed area (the position relation between the heat exchanger and the partition plate) of the air distribution device at the air inlet of the air distribution system, thereby adjusting the temperature of hot air in the cleaning device.
2. Compared with the existing combine harvester, the invention can generate hot air with adjustable temperature, is beneficial to quickly drying the water drops on the surfaces of the seeds and the straws, reduces the friction resistance between the seeds and the straws, accelerates the separation and the layering of the threshed objects in the cleaning chamber, and is beneficial to improving the screening efficiency of the threshed objects.
3. The hot air cleaning system of the combine harvester can fully utilize the waste heat (tail gas and heat of a radiator) of a diesel engine to clean wet materials when the combine harvester works, not only can reduce the adverse effect of high temperature of the engine on peripheral devices and facilities, obviously reduce the working temperature of the engine of the combine harvester, ensure the working stability and reliability of the engine, but also can quickly remove free water on the surface of the wet materials, obviously reduce the moisture content of the wet agricultural materials, avoid cleaning blockage caused by humidity, improve the mobility of the wet materials during combine harvesting operation, and ensure the working performance of subsequent cleaning and grass smashing links.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a hot air cleaning system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the assembly of the air distribution system and the cleaning plant of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the screw rod and the heat exchanger.
Reference numerals are as follows:
1-an engine; 2-air distribution chamber; 3-a centrifugal fan; 4-a temperature sensor; 5-a cleaning room bottom plate; 21-an air inlet pipe; 22-a heat exchanger; 23-a support frame; 25-an air outlet pipe; 26-a motor; 27-a lead screw; 28-buckling; 29-screw slider; 30-a separator.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The following detailed description first refers to the accompanying drawings and describes in detail embodiments of the present invention
A combine harvester hot air cleaning system comprises an engine heat dissipation device, an air distribution system and a cleaning device; the heat generated by the engine is transferred to the air distribution system by the engine heat dissipation device, and the air distribution system blows air to the cleaning device so as to dry the surfaces of the grains in the cleaning device; the engine heat dissipation device comprises a fan and a radiator; the fan blows hot air in the radiator into the air distribution chamber 2, and the centrifugal fan 3 in the air distribution chamber 2 blows the hot air into the cleaning device.
The tail gas generated by the engine enters the heat exchanger 22 through the air inlet pipe 21, enters the air outlet pipe 25 through the heat exchanger, is blown out to the cleaning room bottom plate 5 through the air outlet pipe 25, and transfers heat to the cleaning room bottom plate 5 so as to dry the threshed grains.
The air distribution system comprises a heat exchanger 22, a support frame 23, a motor 26 and a lead screw 27; the heat exchanger 22 is arranged in the air distribution chamber 2, the lead screw 27 is provided with a lead screw slide block 29, the lead screw slide block 29 can slide along the lead screw 27 under the driving of the motor 26, and the heat exchanger 22 is buckled on the lead screw slide block 29, and the heat exchanger 22 can move up and down in the air distribution chamber 2.
The air outlet of the air outlet pipe 25 is arranged below the cleaning chamber bottom plate 5, and the air outlet of the air outlet pipe 25 is a horn mouth.
And a temperature sensor 4 is arranged at the outlet of the centrifugal fan 3.
A working method of a hot air cleaning system of a combine harvester comprises the following modes:
in a first mode: the heat of the engine heat dissipation device is transferred into the air distribution chamber 2, and the centrifugal fan 3 in the air distribution chamber 2 blows hot air to the cleaning device so as to dry the surface of the grains;
and a second mode: the tail gas of the engine enters the heat exchanger 22, and then enters the air outlet pipe 25 through the heat exchanger 22 to dry grains in the grain conveying auger on the bottom plate 5 of the cleaning chamber.
The first mode and the second mode can be carried out independently or simultaneously.
In the first mode, in the engine heat dissipation device, a fan blows a heat radiator, the heat in the heat radiator is blown to the layered structure outside the heat exchanger 22 in the air distribution chamber 2, and after being heated by the heat exchanger 22, hot air is blown into the cleaning device by the centrifugal fan 3.
In the second mode, the tail gas of the engine is blown into the heat exchanger 22 in the air distribution chamber 2 through a pipeline, is output after heat exchange of the heat exchanger 22, and blows hot air to the bottom plate 5 of the cleaning chamber through the air outlet pipeline 25 and the bell mouth.
A partition plate 30 is arranged in the air distribution chamber 2, and when the heat exchanger 22 slides along the lead screw 27, the heat exchanger 22 does not work in a mode after the heat exchanger 22 slides to the lower part of the guide partition plate 30.
With the attached drawings, the hot air cleaning system of the combine harvester comprises an engine heat dissipation device, an air distribution system and a cleaning device; the engine heat radiating device is arranged at the front part of the cleaning device of the combine harvester and consists of a diesel engine, a radiator and a heat radiating fan. The air distribution system comprises an air inlet pipe 21, an air outlet pipe 25, a heat exchanger 22, a support frame 23, a motor 26 and a screw rod 27; the tail gas of the engine is exhausted by an air outlet pipe 25 after passing through a heat exchanger 22, the heat exchanger 22 is connected with a screw rod slide block 29 through a buckle 28, and the slide block 29 is controlled by a motor 26 to move up and down so as to drive the heat exchanger 22 to move; the support frame 23 is welded at the bottom of the air distribution shell and can support and limit the heat exchanger 22; the buckle 28 is fastened with the heat exchanger 22 through a butterfly nut and connected with the sliding block 29 through a bolt; the air inlet pipe 21 is a high-temperature resistant telescopic hose and is connected with an air inlet of the heat exchanger 22; the air outlet pipe 25 extends to the lower part of the bottom plate of the sorting chamber to heat the bottom plate. The cleaning device comprises a centrifugal fan 3, a temperature sensor 4 and a cleaning chamber bottom plate 5, blades of the centrifugal fan 3 rotate at a high speed, and hot air generated after heat exchange between an engine radiator and tail gas is blown into the cleaning chamber; the front end of the centrifugal fan is provided with a temperature sensor 4 which monitors the temperature in the cleaning room and transmits the temperature to the controller, and the controller controls the motor to work so as to drive the heat exchanger 22 to move; the outer layer of the bottom plate 5 is coated with a heat-sensitive material, and the temperature is rapidly raised under the action of the tail gas of an engine to pre-dry grains in the grain conveying auger; the thermosensitive material is TLCP, but not limited to the TLCP, besides, the side wall of the air distribution chamber 2 is provided with a baffle 30, the baffle 30 is a vertical plate, and a hollow structure is arranged above the air distribution chamber 2.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A hot air cleaning system of a combine harvester is characterized by comprising an engine heat dissipation device, an air distribution system and a cleaning device; the heat generated by the engine is transferred to the air distribution system by the engine heat dissipation device, and the air distribution system blows air to the cleaning device so as to dry the surface of grains in the cleaning device;
the engine heat dissipation device comprises a fan and a radiator; the fan blows hot air in the radiator into the air distribution chamber (2), and the centrifugal fan (3) in the air distribution chamber (2) blows hot air into the cleaning device;
tail gas generated by an engine enters the heat exchanger (22) through the air inlet pipe (21), enters the air outlet pipe (25) through the heat exchanger, is blown out to the cleaning chamber bottom plate (5) through the air outlet pipe (25), transfers heat to the cleaning chamber bottom plate (5) to dry threshed grains, and heats the cleaning chamber bottom plate through the air outlet pipe to pre-dry grains before being conveyed into the grain tank, thereby generating temperature-adjustable hot air flow, being beneficial to quickly drying the grains and water drops on the surfaces of straws and reducing the frictional resistance between the grains and the straws;
the air distribution system comprises a heat exchanger (22), a support frame (23), a motor (26) and a lead screw (27); the heat exchanger (22) is arranged in the air distribution chamber (2), the lead screw sliding block (29) is arranged on the lead screw (27), the lead screw sliding block (29) can slide along the lead screw (27) under the driving of the motor (26), the heat exchanger (22) is buckled on the lead screw sliding block (29), and the heat exchanger (22) can move up and down in the air distribution chamber (2);
the side wall of the air distribution chamber (2) is provided with a partition plate (30), and when the heat exchanger (22) slides along the lead screw (27), the heat exchanger (22) does not work in a mode after the heat exchanger (22) slides below the guide partition plate (30);
a signal is transmitted to a controller according to a sensor of the air outlet, the exposed area of the air outlet of the air distribution system is adjusted through the change of the position relation between a heat exchanger (22) and a partition plate (30), and the temperature of hot air in the cleaning device is adjusted;
the hot air cleaning system of the combine harvester comprises the following modes:
in a first mode: the heat of the engine heat dissipation device is transferred into the air distribution chamber (2), and a centrifugal fan (3) in the air distribution chamber (2) blows hot air to the cleaning device so as to dry the surface of the grains;
and a second mode: the tail gas of the engine enters a heat exchanger (22) and enters a gas outlet of a gas outlet pipe (25) through the heat exchanger (22) to dry grains threshed on a cleaning chamber bottom plate (5);
the first mode and the second mode can be independently carried out or simultaneously carried out;
in the first mode, in the engine heat dissipation device, a fan blows a heat radiator, the heat in the heat radiator is blown to the layered structure on the outer side of a heat exchanger (22) in an air distribution chamber (2), and hot air is blown into a cleaning device through a centrifugal fan (3) after being heated by the heat exchanger (22);
in the second mode, tail gas of the engine is blown into a heat exchanger (22) in the air distribution chamber (2) through a pipeline, is output after heat exchange of the heat exchanger (22), and blows hot air to a bottom plate (5) of the cleaning chamber through an air outlet pipe (25).
2. A combine harvester hot air cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that the air outlet of the air outlet pipe (25) is arranged below the cleaning chamber bottom plate (5), and the air outlet of the air outlet pipe (25) is a bell mouth.
3. A combine harvester hot air cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that a temperature sensor (4) is fitted at the outlet of the centrifugal fan (3).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010387143.8A CN111699845B (en) | 2020-05-09 | 2020-05-09 | Hot air cleaning system of combine harvester and working method |
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| CN202010387143.8A CN111699845B (en) | 2020-05-09 | 2020-05-09 | Hot air cleaning system of combine harvester and working method |
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| CN111699845B true CN111699845B (en) | 2022-07-22 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112314161A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-02-05 | 张庆然 | Harvesting equipment with impurity removal function |
| CN112514639B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-07-19 | 安徽省双美农业科技有限公司 | From screening type cereal reaps with dragging collection device based on selection by winnowing |
| CN115176581B (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2023-12-01 | 江苏大学 | Hot air cleaning device and heat radiation prevention system for rice and wheat oil combine harvester |
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