CN111698969A - 抓握辅助系统和方法 - Google Patents
抓握辅助系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111698969A CN111698969A CN201980012429.3A CN201980012429A CN111698969A CN 111698969 A CN111698969 A CN 111698969A CN 201980012429 A CN201980012429 A CN 201980012429A CN 111698969 A CN111698969 A CN 111698969A
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Abstract
一种抓握控制系统在抓握活动任务方面对操作者进行辅助。监视用于操作者的抓握活动肌肉的活动意图信号。从该活动意图信号识别用于抓握活动任务的意志操作者输入。基于该意志操作者输入操作一个或多个运动电机以将该抓握活动任务作为运动基元的链来执行,其中每个运动基元是沿活动路径所定义的具有单一自由度的抓握活动的基本单元。
Description
本申请要求于2018年3月9日提交的美国临时专利申请62/640,609的优先权,其全文内容通过引用结合于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及动力矫正器设备的控制,更具体地,涉及控制这样的设备以在执行抓握活动任务方面对用户进行辅助。
背景技术
中风、脑损伤以及其它神经肌肉损伤或疾病(例如,肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)、多发性硬化症(MS)、肌肉萎缩症(MD)等)的幸存者经常会留下轻偏瘫或者身体一些部分的严重缺陷。结果可能是一个或多个肢体的受损或功能丧失。但是人们可以从这样的神经肌肉损伤后的许多损伤中明显康复,并且如果在康复性锻炼机制包括执行熟悉的功能任务,则这种康复可以更加有效并且可以更快地重新学习运动模式。然而,在神经肌肉损伤之后,患肢或四肢的控制和力量可能会严重减弱,患者在没有辅助的情况下可能难以(或无法)进行建设性的功能康复锻炼。
美国专利8585620、8926534和9398994(其全文内容通过引用结合于此)描述了用于对具有神经肌肉问题的那些人进行辅助的动力矫正器设备的示例。但是即使给定这种先进的解决方案,这些设备对于诸如手部抓握功能之类的常见运动任务的控制仍然是一项挑战。
发明内容
本发明的实施例涉及一种计算机实施的方法,其采用至少一个硬件实施的计算机处理器来控制抓握控制系统从而在抓握活动任务方面对操作者进行辅助。该至少一个硬件处理器被操作以执行程序指令用于:监视操作者的抓握活动肌肉的活动意图信号,从该活动意图信号识别针对抓握活动任务的意志操作者输入,并且基于该意志操作者输入操作动力矫正器设备以将该抓握活动任务作为运动基元的链来执行,其中每个运动基元是沿活动路径所定义的具有单一自由度的抓握运动的基本单元。
在具体实施例中,操作该动力矫正器设备包括:以作为该意志操作者输入的函数被控制的可变速度将该抓握活动任务作为运动基元的链来执行。可以监视佩戴者的第二抓握活动肌肉的第二活动意图信号,然后可以从两个活动意图信号识别该意志操作者输入。例如,由该活动意图信号监视的抓握活动肌肉可以是对抗肌。
执行该抓握活动任务可以包括基于该意志操作者输入,通过以逆序执行该运动基元的链的一部分而撤销该抓握活动任务的一部分。手指力度信号可以由与该抓握活动任务相关的佩戴者的一个或多个手指生成,并且被监视而使得从该活动意图信号和手指力度信号识别出该意志操作者输入。
该运动基元的链可以创建具有至少两个自由度的抓握运动。该运动基元的链可以是预定义的系统链和/或用户所定义的链,例如由用户动态地定义的链。该活动意图信号可以是肌电图(EMG)信号,或者是肌肉抽动、压力、力度等。
本发明的实施例还包括一种用于在抓握活动任务方面对操作者进行辅助的计算机实施的抓握控制系统。该系统包括肌肉活动传感器,其被配置用于监视操作者的抓握活动肌肉以产生活动意图信号。动力矫正器设备被配置用于辅助该操作者的抓握运动。数据存储存储器被配置用于存储抓握控制软件、该活动意图信号和其它系统信息。包括至少一个硬件处理器的抓握控制处理器被耦合至该数据存储存储器,并且被配置为执行该抓握控制软件。该抓握控制软件包括处理器可读指令以实施抓握控制算法用于:从该活动意图信号识别针对抓握活动任务的意志操作者输入,并且动力矫正器设备的操作基于该意志操作者输入以将该抓握活动任务作为运动基元的链来执行,其中每个运动基元是沿活动路径所定义的具有单一自由度的抓握运动的基本单元。
该抓握控制算法可以操作该动力矫正器设备而以作为该意志操作者输入的函数被控制的可变速度将该抓握活动任务作为运动基元的链来执行。还可以有第二肌肉活动传感器,其被配置用于监视该操作者的第二抓握活动肌肉以产生第二活动意图信号,其中该抓握控制算法从两个活动意图信号识别该意志操作者输入。例如,该抓握活动肌肉可以是对抗肌。
执行该抓握活动任务可以包括基于该意志操作者输入通过以逆序执行该运动基元的链的一部分而撤销该抓握活动任务的一部分。还可以有手指力度传感器,其被配置用于监视由与该抓握活动任务相关的佩戴者的一个或多个手指生成的手指力度信号,其中该抓握控制算法从该活动意图信号和手指力度信号识别出该意志操作者输入。
该运动基元的链可以创建具有至少两个自由度的抓握运动。该运动基元的链可以是预定义的系统链和/或用户所定义的链,例如由用户动态地定义的链。该肌肉活动传感器可以是肌电图(EMG)信号传感器。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的用于动力矫正器设备的抓握控制系统中的各种功能块。
图2示出了根据本发明实施例的用于抓握控制系统的用户接口的各种功能块细节。
图3A-3G示出了配备有动力矫正器设备的用户的示例照片,他将所述动力矫正器设备用于举起杯子喝水的具体抓握活动任务。
图4示出了图3A-3G中所示的过程期间的各种相关参数的图形。
图5示出了运动链如何在单向擦拭(scrubbing)的情形中形成的示例。
图6示出了使用两个输入——正和负方向VOI——在各种速度下擦拭的单一DOF的另一个示例的类似波形集合。
图7示出了根据本发明实施例的适于在执行手部任务活动的方面对用户进行辅助的动力矫正器设备的结构示例。
图8是示出根据本发明实施例的使用运动链的抓握控制过程中的各种逻辑步骤的抓握-释放流程图。
图9示出了与基本的接触前-稳固-握持序列相关联的各种示例波形。
图10示出了与基本的接触前-稳固-握持/棘轮行为序列相关联的各种示例波形。
图11示出了与单一传感器的接触前-触发释放-释放过程相关联的各种示例波形。
图12示出了与两个传感器的接触前-触发释放-释放过程相关联的各种示例波形。
图13示出了单屈肌传感器的抓握滑脱的各种示例波形。
图14示出了单屈肌传感器的抓握释放的各种示例波形。
图15示出了双屈肌传感器的抓握释放的各种示例波形。
图16图示了为其它外部设备提供增强功能以便完成该其它设备无法自行实现的行动的操作。
图17示出了用于获取新的任务运动链的一种具体逻辑流程布置。
具体实施方式
本发明的各个实施例涉及用于抓握控制以便利用动力矫正器设备执行抓握活动任务的技术。
定义
“擦拭”是指通过命令集或信号向前或向后遍历。
“意志操作者输入(VOI)”是指由用户意图所控制的系统控制输入;例如,肌电图(EMG)信号输入、脑电图(EEG)信号输入,或者身体佩戴的线性换能器输入。
“自由度(DOF)”是独立的方向,在该方向上可以围绕平移或旋转关节或其组合发生运动。例如,人的腕部包含3个DOF,而肘部仅包含1个。
“运动基元”是运动的基本单元,其涉及到沿着经规定位置、速率或力度目标轨迹的线性或非线性活动路径移动的单一DOF。
“运动链”是被串行或并行连接从而创建跨一个或多个DOF的更复杂行动的运动基元的集合。
“成形的运动链(SMC)”是基于VOI输入在可变速度下被遍历的运动链。
通过将多个简单活动链接在一起从而形成一系列更加复杂的活动,能够有效地创建并实施对于普通用户的实时执行而言过于繁复的复杂运动。这还允许其中设备传感器的数量少于DOF数量的情形。例如,理疗师可以来到用户家中并且帮助他们记录复杂任务,如打开他们的具体厨房抽屉或者够到他们的冰箱型号的拉手。由此用户随后就能够在日常活动期间激活这些定制例程,从而允许他们在家庭日常生活中更加独立。针对诸如协调的手臂-手部抬升以及拿起和放置任务之类的更加复杂的理疗任务,将繁杂的运动链接在一起在理疗中对于损伤更加严重的用户而言也会是有利的。以下讨论关于“抓握”任务和功能呈现,但是本发明并不局限于该具体应用,并且将较简单运动的序列链接在一起的方法可以被有效地应用于具有多个DOF的其它活动任务。
如图1所示,本发明的实施例涉及一种计算机实施的抓握控制系统100,以及用于控制动力矫正器104在作为运动基元的链——例如作为成形的运动链SMC——的抓握活动任务方面对操作者进行辅助的相关方法。抓握控制系统100估计用户和动力矫正器104的状态,并且基于系统操作模式、用户历史、共享使用信息和其它数据来确定该运动基元的链中预期的下一个运动,并且向动力矫正器104设备输出相对应的控制命令。运动基元的链可以执行更加繁杂的抓握运动,包括具有至少两个自由度的那些抓握运动。该运动基元的链可以特别地是预定义的系统链和/或用户所定义的链,例如由用户动态地定义的链。
肌肉活动传感器101,例如肌电图(EMG)信号传感器、EEG传感器、肌肉收缩传感器等,被配置用于监视操作者的抓握活动肌肉,以产生表示去往该系统的意志操作者输入(VOI)的活动意图信号。除了EMG传感器之外,产生给定VOI的肌肉活动传感器10可以包括但并不局限于EEG传感器、线性换能器输入、吞吐管(suck-and-puff tube),或者其它生理的用户控制输入。
还可以有被配置为产生诸如EMG、IMU、位置、关节角度、力度、张力等有用信息的一个或多个其它附加数据传感器106。例如,附加数据传感器106可以包括第二肌肉活动传感器,其被配置用于监视操作者的第二抓握活动肌肉以产生第二活动意图信号(例如,该抓握活动肌肉可以是对抗肌)。或者,附加数据传感器106可以是手指力度传感器,其被配置用于监视与抓握活动任务相关的佩戴者的一个或多个手指所生成的手指力度信号,使得抓握控制系统100可以从活动意图信号和手指力度信号识别出VOI。还可能有一个或多个用于产生可以由抓握控制系统100使用的附加信息信号的面向外部的传感器105,所述附加信息信号诸如GPS、RFID读取器、Wi-Fi信号等。
数据存储存储器103被配置用于存储抓握控制软件、活动意图信号,以及诸如与抓握控制系统100和动力矫正器104的操作相关的各种系统设置107的其它系统信息。系统设置107可以包括一个或多个用户专用设置,诸如信号增益、信号阈值、操作速度、抓握偏好等。存储在数据存储存储器103中的系统信息还可以包括但并不局限于设备历史信息、共享性能信息、历史控制设置和机器学习数据。
包括至少一个硬件处理器的抓握控制处理器102耦合至数据存储存储器103并且被配置为执行抓握控制软件。该抓握控制软件包括处理器可读指令以实施抓握控制算法用于:从肌肉活动传感器101所产生的活动意图信号识别针对抓握活动任务的意志操作者输入。抓握控制处理器102对动力矫正器设备104的操作是基于该意志操作者输入以将该抓握活动任务作为运动基元的链来执行,其中每个运动基元是沿活动路径所定义的具有单一自由度的抓握运动的基本单元。特别地,抓握控制系统100可以操作动力矫正器设备104而以作为该意志操作者输入的函数被控制的可变速度将该抓握活动任务作为运动基元的链来执行。
抓握控制系统100将抓握活动任务作为由系统、用户或理疗师所定义的运动基元的链来实施。运动基元描述了动力矫正器104的具有一个自由度(DOF)的简单运动,并且以基本术语规定了位置、速率或力度。运动基元可以是预定义的,和/或它们可以基于传感器输入诸如基于重力矢量保持空间位置或者保持恒定力度(这要求一些位置变化)的运动,而被动态地在线(运行中)生成。运动基元可以被串行或并行组合从而创建动力矫正器104能够执行的复杂抓握活动任务演练。并且执行具体的抓握活动任务可以包括基于VOI,通过以逆序执行该运动基元的链的一部分而撤销该抓握活动任务的一部分。
如上文所提到的,运动基元的链可以是预定义的并且存储在设备上,或者它们可以位于能够由抓握控制系统100访问的远程服务器上,或者它们可以基于来自外部或内部感应输入的分支逻辑而被在线组合。链可以直接使用所记录的运动,或者它们可以选择与所期望的抓握活动任务相匹配的最接近的预定义运动基元。通过以动态速度擦拭经过链接的运动基元,所产生的关节角速度命令将取决于基元的所期望速度以及VOI,从而形成成形的运动链(SMC)。该SMC充当去往动力矫正器设备的控制器的输入。该设备可以在SMC的顶端施加其它控制层,包括但并不局限于闭环速率控制、力度控制或反馈、位置限制、运动学补偿、加速度限制和安全阈值。意志操作者输入(VOI)可以被用来以与所测量的信号功率、电流或电压等成比例的速度经行动链进行擦拭,经行动指令集合正向或逆向移动。
用户还可以经由被配置为选择系统设置和/或操作模式的用户接口108与抓握控制系统100进行交互。图2示出了用于这种用户接口108的菜单架构的一种具体示例,其包括被配置为向用户显示诸如电池状态和会话历史的信息的设备状态部分201。还有其它有用的子菜单可用,诸如用于测试和校准系统输入传感器以及调节它们的敏感度和响应速度及力度的传感器菜单202。模式菜单203允许用户设置具体的手臂配置,定制操作模式2031(例如,快速、精确、行走、敏感、运动、工作等),以及调节夹持模式2032(例如,用力抓握、捏取抓握、横向捏取、球形抓握等)。临床菜单204允许用户目标和进程的监视和调节,临床医师通信,编程理疗活动以及康复练习视频的控制。任务训练菜单205帮助用户对诸如就餐、穿衣等各种辅助活动任务进行编程和组织。
图3A-3G示出了配备有动力矫正器设备的用户的示例照片,他将动力矫正器设备用于举起杯子喝水的具体抓握活动任务。在图3A中,该用户通过诸如向系统讲出语音命令的用户输入发起抓握活动任务。在图3B中,手部的手指随后张开,在图3C中,并且肘部接着将张开的手降低以箍住杯子。在图3D中,下一个被执行的运动基元将手围绕杯子收紧。在图3E中,该系统随后执行下一个运动基元,通过以协调方式移动肘部和手腕举起杯子以保持杯子水平。在图3F中,杯子到达用户前方所期望的喝水位置,并且执行下一个活动,在图3G中,将手腕偏转向后调节至不偏转从而使得杯子朝向嘴倾倒。
图4示出了在图3A-3G中所示的这种过程期间的各种相关参数的图形。这图示了从杯子中喝水的抓握活动任务如何将使用三个单独DOF的较简单活动进行组合。针对抓握姿态、手腕偏转角度和肘部角度的不同线条的每个分段是随时间变化的单独的不同运动基元。当被并行组合在一起时,创建出形成运动链的复杂集合的抓握活动任务行动。
在具体实施例中,用户可以拿起杯子,并且也可在杯子抓握发生时通过意志力放慢运动,或者在抓握尝试完全错过杯子的情况下逆转运动。它们随后可以在该运动举起杯子时将其加速从而减少完成喝水的总时间。
图5示出了运动链在单向擦拭情况下如何形成的示例。示出了以在20%和170%实施速度之间变换的速度被擦拭的单一DOF。时间与位置的输出图形基于擦拭速度和目标位置图形的斜度(速度)的组合得出可变的速度。注意到,运动链仅在完成百分比的方面被加以定义,但是一旦以变化速率实施,完成时间就取决于VOI和运动链二者。
图6示出了使用两个输入在各种速度下被擦拭以生成正和负方向VOI的单一DOF的另一个示例的类似波形集合。当正方向数值更高时(中间波形的左侧),以与VOI数值成比例的速度在正方向擦拭运动链。当负方向数值更高时(中间波形的右侧),则在负方向擦拭运动。时间与位置的输出图形基于擦拭速度和目标位置图形的斜度(速度)的组合得出可变的速度。在这种情况下,该运动链的60%被执行,随后方向被逆转,并且以与VOI成比例的速度反向实施运动链,产生稍显对称的结果。
在一个具体实施例中,针对这种抓握活动任务的肌肉感应信号可以由连接至用户的二头肌和肱三头肌并且生成VOI的表面肌电图(sEMG)传感器的拮抗对所生成。屈曲二头肌则生成通过该运动链的更快的活动,而屈曲肱三头肌则以与信号功率成比例的速度导致通过该运动链的逆向活动。
VOI可以是在生理上相关的,诸如对于被用来执行手指运动的手指屈肌信号而言,或者它们可以是在生理上不相关的,诸如使用胸肌信号来执行利用协调的肘部、手部和手腕活动的繁复演练。对于单一输入实施例中的VOI而言,适度的信号水平可以被认为是静态阈值水平,其中较低水平的信号指示逆向运动VOI,而较高水平信号则指示正向运动;信号距阈值的绝对值越大,运动的速度就越快。一个可替换的单一传感器实施例可以具有处于零信号水平附近的零运动设定点,其中增大的信号水平指示更快的正向运动。当诸如快速抽动之类的指示被激活时,方向被逆转,其中更高的信号水平指示更快的逆向运动。不同于抽动模式,语音命令或者另一只手作出的按钮按压也可以被用来逆转方向。针对信号噪声去除的实践性,零运动不能处于零信号水平,因为一些信号水平将始终是以噪声的形式被测量。相反,最小阈值可以被设置为高于本底噪声,并且任何低于该阈值的信号都可以被视为零。
信息和/或数据可以从诸如用于角位置、重力矢量、定位信息的其它板载传感器,或者用于确定何时从一个运动基元转移至另一个或确定运动基元的在线形状的力度/压力/接触传感器所得到。例如,在从杯子中喝水时,使尺骨偏转和肘部屈曲的协调被关联而使得尺骨偏转将杯子保持在如惯性测量单元(IMU)所测量的水平。根据用户的姿态,诸如内转、旋后、尺骨偏转等的具体活动的所需角度可能在每次任务执行期间有所不同,从而肘部和手腕位置单独的预定义例程将不会始终都产生令人满意的表现。另一个示例将是运动在闭合抓握方向持续实施直至处于手部的力度传感器记录到与物体足够的抓握接触。此时,触发去往下一个运动基元的推进。逻辑也可以分支和融合,诸如合起手直至力度被记录或者到达致动器行程的终点。
除了上文讨论的肌肉传感器布置之外,用于发起给定活动任务的运动链的VOI可以由一些其它形式的用户输入所生成,诸如语音命令、按压设备上的按钮、通过电话或平板电脑上的命令列表的滚动,或者由设备基于位置信息(例如,RFID标签、QR码或其它位置标签)智能选择,或者在抓握的情况下使用视频相机来识别并分类所要抓握的物体。
图7示出了根据本发明实施例的适于在执行手部任务活动的方面对用户进行辅助的动力矫正器设备700的结构示例。基座部分701装配在用户前臂上方并且包括生成VOI的肌肉活动传感器(未示出,但是装配至前臂的屈肌和伸肌上)。抓握致动器704包含抓握控制处理器,并且向拇指致动器702和手指致动器703生成动力信号从而在运动链的运动基元的执行期间辅助它们的活动。力度传感器706向抓握致动器704提供反馈信号以用于手部任务活动的控制。设备角度705指示掌指关节(MCP)的角度,其中0度对应于手指的完全张开位置。
图8是示出根据本发明实施例的使用运动链的抓握控制过程中的各逻辑步骤的抓握-释放流程图,特别示出了抓握、握持和释放物体。当用户首先确定“我想要抓握某物”时(步骤801),该用户通过使得其屈肌EMG信号高于可调谐的“基本阈值”而生成初始VOI从而开始动力矫正器设备的初始接触前活动(步骤802)。一旦与物体形成了接触(步骤803),手指力度传感器将读取到将抓握模式从“接触前”变为“稳固夹持”的初始非零力度数值(步骤804)。在“稳固夹持”模式下,只要屈肌EMG信号高于阈值,手指闭合的比率(设备角度斜率)就由力度传感器所驱动。一旦力度传感器达到某个力度阈值(步骤805),抓握模式就从“稳固夹持”变为“握持”模式(步骤809)。在“握持”模式下,用户可以将他们的屈肌EMG信号放松而低于基本阈值,并且该设备将保持其在物体上的夹持。图9中示出了与该基本的接触前-稳固-握持序列相关联的各种示例波形。
还可以提供握持/棘轮行为模式,其中一旦用户处于“稳固夹持”模式(步骤804),他们就可以在任何时点将他们的屈肌EMG信号放松至握持位置,或者用户在一旦放松的情况下可以将他们的屈肌EMG信号提高至高于基本阈值从而继续增大设备角度和握持物体的力度。图10中示出了与该基本的接触前-稳固-握持/棘轮行为序列相关联的各种示例波形。
不同于从步骤804的稳固夹持模式平滑地进展至步骤809的握持模式,在稳固该夹持的过程中可能出现某些错误使得用户想要释放该物体。在利用单一屈肌传感器的实施例中,在该过程中用户对于稳固其抓握并不满意的某个时点,他们则释放他们的屈肌传感器信号直至其低于释放阈值(步骤806),并且因此触发释放模式(步骤807),并且物体得以被释放,其间手指张开的比率(设备角度斜率)由力度传感器所驱动。图11示出了与该单一传感器的接触前-触发释放-释放过程相关联的各种示例波形。
在屈肌和伸肌传感器信号都可用于VOI的两个传感器的实施例中,用户通过使得他们的屈肌传感器信号高于可调谐基本阈值而发起活动(步骤802),直至与物体形成接触(步骤803)。但是在一些时点,该用户对于稳固其抓握并不满意(步骤806),并且释放他们的屈肌传感器信号而且将他们的伸肌传感器信号升高至高于可调谐基本阈值(步骤806),从而触发释放模式(步骤807),并且只要用户保持他们的伸肌EMG信号高于该基本阈值,该物体就被释放(步骤808)。当该物体被释放时,手指张开的比率(设备角度斜率)同样由力度传感器所驱动。图12示出了与该两个传感器的接触前-触发释放-释放过程相关联的各种示例波形。
不同于释放物体的有意识决策,该物体可能无意中滑脱使得力度传感器生成触发释放模式的零力度信号。特别地,一旦处于完全抓握/握持模式下(步骤809),如果检测到滑脱(步骤810),则可以尝试进行抓握校正(步骤811),或者以其他方式进入触发释放模式(步骤807),并且该物体被释放(步骤808)。图13示出了用于单屈肌传感器的该抓握滑脱的各种示例波形,该单屈肌传感器在低于释放模式中的基本阈值被释放时放开用户的抓握(使得设备角度回到零)。在具有两个肌肉传感器的情况下,将伸肌传感器信号升高至高于基本阈值也将放开用户的抓握。
在完全抓握/握持模式下(步骤809),用户在没有显著VOI信号的情况下握持物体。一旦用户想要释放该物体,他/她就将VOI信号增大至高于用于可调谐的时间量的阈值(步骤812),直至进入触发释放模式(步骤807)。一旦处于释放模式下,用户就可以通过放松VOI信号至低于释放阈值而释放该物体(步骤808),并且手指将以由力度传感器驱动的比率张开直至该力度传感器读取不到任何将使得手指以恒定比率张开的力度。图14示出了单屈肌传感器的该滑脱的各种示例波形,并且图15示出了双传感器实施例的类似波形。
诸如上文所描述的动力矫正器设备和抓握控制系统可以为其它外部设备提供增强功能以便完成该期望设备无法自行实现的行动;也就是说,其对于协调多个不同设备来完成一些抓握任务会是有用的。例如,这样的布置可以帮助坐在轮椅(“其它外部设备”)中的用户抓握桌子上当前够不到的物体。图16图示了这样的情形下的操作,其中动力矫正器设备被称作“手臂外骨骼”,其能够将其操作与动力轮椅进行协调从而完成与用户仅利用该设备之一所能够完成的活动任务相比更加繁复或更大的活动任务。特别地,手臂外骨骼和动力轮椅可以被配置为主-从布置形式,其中从主设备向从设备发送明确命令,告知该从设备要做什么来执行由该主设备所控制的活动任务。
可以基于情形实时地按照需要学习并获取新的抓握或运动链。这种可能在正常生活中遇到的新任务的示例可能包括抓握如沉重的靴子的新型物体,操作新的障碍访问按钮,使用设备实施如挥动高尔夫球杆的新运动,或者甚至就像调节新咖啡杯的夹持尺寸那么简单。这种新任务情形例如可以基于以相机为基础的图像分类器而被触发,通过从菜单中选择新任务而被触发,或者被音频下载命令所触发。除此之外或可替换地,抓握控制系统可以定期或按需地连接至为其提供新行为/日常更新的远程服务器。
图17示出了用于获取这种新任务运动链的一种具体布置。当该系统识别出任务或目标(步骤1701)并且确定该任务目前并未被定义(步骤1702)时,其随后实时地对该任务进行初始定义,并且访问远程查询数据库(步骤1704)以从中央数据库1705获得用于该新任务的指令。如果用于该新任务的指令存在于中央数据库中(步骤1706),则该系统下载用于该新任务的指令(步骤1707),所述新任务随后可以被完成(步骤1710)。如果用于该新任务的指令在步骤1706并未存在于中央数据库中,则该系统尝试开发新的解决方案(步骤1708)。针对新解决方案的这种运动链开发可以在该设备上本地处理,或者在中央服务器处远程处理,或者通过本地和远程资源的组合和协调来处理。如果该步骤成功(步骤1709),则该系统下载用于新任务的新指令(步骤1707),所述新任务随后可以被完成(步骤1710)。如果否,则该例程以失败结束(步骤1711),无法获得用于新任务的指令。这样被开发的新任务解决方案也可以被上传回中央数据库从而可被其它用户使用(例如,拿起相同风格的杯子,等等)。
本发明的实施例可以部分地以任何常规计算机编程语言来实施,诸如VHDL、SystemC、Verilog、ASM等。本发明的可替换实施例可以作为预编程的硬件元件、其它相关组件或者硬件和软件组件的组合来实施。
实施例可以部分地被实施为计算机程序产品以便随计算机系统一起使用。这种实施方式可以包括一系列计算机指令,其固定于诸如计算机可读介质(例如,磁盘、CD-ROM、ROM或硬盘)的有形介质上或者能够经由调制解调器或其它接口设备被传送至计算机系统,所述接口设备诸如通过介质连接至网络的通信适配器。该介质可以是有形介质(例如,光学或模拟通信线路)或者利用无线技术(例如,微波、红外或其它传输技术)实施的介质。该一系列计算机指令体现本文之前关于系统所描述的全部或部分功能。本领域技术人员应当意识到,这种计算机指令以多种编程语言编写以便随许多计算机架构或操作系统一起使用。此外,这种指令可以被存储在任何存储器设备中,诸如半导体、磁性、光学或其它存储器设备,或者可以使用任何通信技术被传输,诸如光学、红外、微波或其它传输技术。预期这种计算机程序产品可以作为具有附带的印刷或电子文档(例如,紧缩套装软件)的可移除介质被分布,随计算机系统预先加载(例如,在系统ROM或硬盘上),或者通过网络(例如,互联网或万维网)从服务器或电子公告板分布。当然,本发明的一些实施例可以被实施为软件(例如,计算机程序产品)和硬件的组合。本发明的其它实施例还被完全实施为硬件或者完全实施为软件(例如,计算机程序产品)。
虽然已经公开了本发明的各个示例性实施例,但是对于本领域技术人员而言应当显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下,可以进行各种改变和修改,这些改变和修改将实现本发明的一些优点。
Claims (22)
1.一种计算机实施的方法,所述方法采用至少一个硬件实施的计算机处理器来控制抓握控制系统,从而在抓握活动任务方面对操作者进行辅助,所述方法包括:
操作所述至少一个硬件处理器以执行程序指令用于:
监视所述操作者的抓握活动肌肉的活动意图信号;
从所述活动意图信号识别用于所述抓握活动任务的意志操作者输入;
基于所述意志操作者输入,操作动力矫正器设备以将所述抓握活动任务作为运动基元的链来执行,其中,每个运动基元是沿活动路径所定义的具有单一自由度的抓握运动的基本单元。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,操作所述动力矫正器设备包括:以作为所述意志操作者输入的函数被控制的可变速度,将所述抓握活动任务作为运动基元的链来执行。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:
监视佩戴者的第二抓握活动肌肉的第二活动意图信号,其中,从两个活动意图信号识别所述意志操作者输入。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中,由所述活动意图信号监视的所述抓握活动肌肉是对抗肌。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,执行所述抓握活动任务进一步包括:
基于所述意志操作者输入,通过以逆序执行所述运动基元的链的一部分而撤销所述抓握活动任务的一部分。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:
监视由与所述抓握活动任务相关的佩戴者的一个或多个手指生成的手指力度信号,其中,从所述活动意图信号和所述手指力度信号识别所述意志操作者输入。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述运动基元的链创建具有至少两个自由度的抓握运动。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述运动基元的链是预定义的系统链。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述运动基元的链是用户定义的链。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述运动基元的链由用户动态地定义。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述活动意图信号是肌电图(EMG)信号。
12.一种用于在抓握活动任务方面对操作者进行辅助的计算机实施的抓握控制系统,所述系统包括:
肌肉活动传感器,所述肌肉活动传感器被配置用于监视所述操作者的抓握活动肌肉以产生活动意图信号;
动力矫正器设备,所述动力矫正器设备被配置用于辅助所述操作者的抓握运动;
数据存储存储器,所述数据存储存储器被配置用于存储抓握控制软件、所述活动意图信号和其它系统信息;
抓握控制处理器,所述抓握控制处理器包括至少一个硬件处理器,所述至少一个硬件处理器被耦合至所述数据存储存储器并且被配置为执行所述抓握控制软件,其中,所述抓握控制软件包括处理器可读指令以实施抓握控制算法用于:
从所述活动意图信号识别用于所述抓握活动任务的意志操作者输入;
基于所述意志操作者输入,操作所述动力矫正器设备以将所述抓握活动任务作为运动基元的链来执行,其中,每个运动基元是沿活动路径所定义的具有单一自由度的抓握运动的基本单元。
13.根据权利要求12所述的抓握控制系统,其中,所述抓握控制算法操作所述动力矫正器设备,以作为所述意志操作者输入的函数被控制的可变速度,将所述抓握活动任务作为运动基元的链来执行。
14.根据权利要求12所述的抓握控制系统,进一步包括:
第二肌肉活动传感器,所述第二肌肉活动传感器被配置用于监视所述操作者的第二抓握活动肌肉以产生第二活动意图信号,其中,所述抓握控制算法从两个活动意图信号识别所述意志操作者输入。
15.根据权利要求14所述的抓握控制系统,其中,所述抓握活动肌肉是对抗肌。
16.根据权利要求12所述的抓握控制系统,其中,执行所述抓握活动任务进一步包括:
基于所述意志操作者输入,通过以逆序执行所述运动基元的链的一部分而撤销所述抓握活动任务的一部分。
17.根据权利要求12所述的抓握控制系统,进一步包括:
手指力度传感器,所述手指力度传感器被配置用于监视由与所述抓握活动任务相关的佩戴者的一个或多个手指生成的手指力度信号,其中,所述抓握控制算法从所述活动意图信号和所述手指力度信号识别所述意志操作者输入。
18.根据权利要求12所述的抓握控制系统,其中,所述运动基元的链创建具有至少两个自由度的抓握运动。
19.根据权利要求12所述的抓握控制系统,其中,所述运动基元的链是预定义的系统链。
20.根据权利要求12所述的抓握控制系统,其中,所述运动基元的链是用户定义的链。
21.根据权利要求12所述的抓握控制系统,其中,所述运动基元的链由用户动态地定义。
22.根据权利要求12所述的抓握控制系统,其中,所述肌肉活动传感器是肌电图(EMG)信号传感器。
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EP4385416A3 (en) | 2024-08-21 |
JP7315568B2 (ja) | 2023-07-26 |
US20190274911A1 (en) | 2019-09-12 |
CN118557342A (zh) | 2024-08-30 |
CN111698969B (zh) | 2024-05-31 |
EP3761916A4 (en) | 2021-11-17 |
WO2019173422A1 (en) | 2019-09-12 |
EP3761916A1 (en) | 2021-01-13 |
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