CN111696510B - Damping material filled foam metal embedded periodic cavity type underwater sound absorption structure - Google Patents

Damping material filled foam metal embedded periodic cavity type underwater sound absorption structure Download PDF

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CN111696510B
CN111696510B CN202010486481.7A CN202010486481A CN111696510B CN 111696510 B CN111696510 B CN 111696510B CN 202010486481 A CN202010486481 A CN 202010486481A CN 111696510 B CN111696510 B CN 111696510B
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sound absorption
cell
foam metal
damping material
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CN111696510A (en
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辛锋先
卢天健
于晨磊
段明宇
刘学伟
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Xian Jiaotong University
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Xian Jiaotong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/172Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162Selection of materials

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a damping material filled foam metal embedded periodic cavity type underwater sound absorption structure which comprises an open-cell foam metal framework, wherein soft damping materials are filled in the open-cell foam metal framework, hard damping material covering layers are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the open-cell foam metal framework, the hard damping material covering layers and the open-cell foam metal framework form a sealing structure, and a plurality of holes are periodically arranged in the sealing structure to form a cavity. The underwater sound absorption device has excellent mechanical properties and good underwater sound absorption performance, has more adjustable parameters including structural parameters and material parameters in the aspect of design, can be correspondingly adjusted according to the requirements of actual working conditions, and is simple in structure and easy to manufacture.

Description

Damping material filled foam metal embedded periodic cavity type underwater sound absorption structure
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater sound absorption composite structures, and particularly relates to an underwater sound absorption structure with a periodic cavity embedded with foam metal filled with damping materials.
Background
With the continuous deep detection of human beings on the ocean, various underwater mechanical equipment continuously emerge, vibration and noise have great influence on the service life of the equipment and the precision of instruments, and the underwater sound absorption and noise reduction problem increasingly becomes a complex and urgent problem to be solved. Most of the existing underwater sound absorption and noise reduction technologies adopt macromolecular damping materials such as rubber, polyurethane and the like. The materials can play a certain role in sound absorption and noise reduction when applied underwater, but have some defects: with the increasing of the water depth, the pressure will increase to lose its elasticity, and then lose the function of absorbing vibration and noise. In addition, such materials cannot achieve good sound absorption at low frequencies due to limitations in the sound absorption mechanism. Therefore, the underwater sound absorption structure with the bearing capacity and the good low-frequency sound absorption performance is realized through the design of the structure, and the underwater sound absorption structure has important engineering application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a damping material filled foam metal embedded periodic cavity type underwater sound absorption structure aiming at the defects in the prior art, and solve the problems of failure of the traditional underwater sound absorption structure under deep water and poor low-frequency sound absorption performance.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
damping material fills embedded periodic cavity type of foam metal of sound absorption structure under water, including trompil foam metal skeleton, the porosity of trompil foam metal skeleton is 70% ~90%, and the pore diameter is 5~15mm, and the inside packing of trompil foam metal skeleton has soft damping material, and the upper surface and the lower surface of trompil foam metal skeleton are provided with hard damping material overburden respectively, and hard damping material overburden and trompil foam metal skeleton constitute seal structure, and the seal structure internal periodicity is opened there are a plurality of holes to form the cavity.
Specifically, the shape of the cavity is one or more of a cylinder shape, a cone shape, a ball shape, an ellipsoid shape or a horn shape.
Furthermore, the aperture of the cavity is 1-30 mm.
Specifically, the height of the cavity is the same as the thickness of the open-cell foam metal skeleton.
Specifically, the thickness of the open-cell foam metal framework is 30-50 mm.
Specifically, the open-cell foam metal framework is made of iron, copper or aluminum metal materials through foaming.
Specifically, the Young modulus of the soft damping material is 2-10 MPa, and the loss factor is more than or equal to 0.3.
Specifically, the Young modulus of the hard damping material covering layer is 30-100 MPa, and the thickness is 1-3 mm.
Furthermore, the sound absorption frequency of the sound absorption structure is 2-20 kHz, and the average sound absorption coefficient is more than or equal to 0.8.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
according to the underwater sound absorption structure with the periodic cavity embedded in the foam metal filled with the damping material, the damping material is filled in the open-cell foam metal, and the effect of improving the sound absorption performance is achieved by losing energy through asynchronous vibration between the foam metal framework and the damping material. And because the existence of foam metal framework, make the structure have certain bearing capacity, improved the sound absorption performance and the water pressure resistance performance of structure. The low-frequency sound absorption performance of the structure is improved by opening holes in the formed structure, and the broadband high sound absorption of the structure is realized. The problem that the traditional sound absorption structure under water became invalid under the high hydrostatic pressure has been improved, the relatively poor problem of traditional structure low frequency sound absorption performance has been improved simultaneously.
Furthermore, in order to ensure the content of the damping material in the structure and the bearing capacity of the structure to hydrostatic pressure, the content of the foam metal is controlled between 70% and 90%, and in order to ensure the mechanical property of the structure and the enhancement effect on the acoustic property, the size of the open pores of the foam metal is between 5mm and 15 mm.
Furthermore, the foam metal material can be selected from aluminum, steel or copper and other metals with good mechanical properties.
Further, in order to ensure that the structure has enough sound absorption capacity, the total thickness of the underwater sound absorption structure filled with the foam metal by the damping material is 30-50 mm.
Furthermore, the damping material is a viscoelastic material, such as polyurethane, rubber and the like, and plays a main sound absorption role in the structure, and the isotropic loss factor is 0.3 or more, so that the damping material has enough loss capacity on sound wave energy.
Furthermore, in order to maximize the loss of sound waves in the damping layer, better realize the waveform conversion, scattering and absorption of the sound waves and improve the sound absorption performance of the structure, the shape of the embedded hole in the structure of the damping material filled with the foam metal can be cylindrical, conical or trumpet-shaped, the diameter of the hole is taken as a cylindrical hole as an example, and the diameter of the hole is between 1 and 30mm.
Furthermore, after the foam metal is filled with polyurethane, the upper surface and the lower surface of the open-pore structure are covered with a layer of hard damping material to play a role in sealing and protecting the metal material from being corroded.
In conclusion, the underwater sound absorption structure has excellent mechanical properties and good underwater sound absorption performance, has more adjustable parameters in the design aspect, including structural parameters and material parameters, can be correspondingly adjusted according to the requirements of actual working conditions, and is simple in structure and easy to manufacture.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention, wherein (a) is an overall schematic structural diagram, (b) is a schematic structural opening diagram, and (c) is a cross-sectional view of a tapered hole in a structure;
FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of sound absorption coefficients of three different structures of pure polyurethane, foamed aluminum filled polyurethane and an embedded conical cavity after the foamed aluminum filled polyurethane;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing sound absorption coefficient curves for structures of different damping layer thicknesses;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing sound absorption coefficient curves for structures of different cell sizes;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing sound absorption coefficient curves for different foam metal materials;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing sound absorption coefficient curves for structures of different polyurethane moduli.
Wherein: 1. an open-cell foam metal skeleton; 2. a soft damping material; 3. a hard damping material cover layer; 4. a cavity.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "one side", "one end", "one side", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The foam metal is a functional material which is developed rapidly in recent years, is compounded by a metal matrix and mutually communicated pore phases, and shows excellent characteristics of integrating structure and function. Compared with the traditional dense metal, the foam metal has a plurality of excellent characteristics in structure, such as light weight, high specific strength, high specific rigidity, high damping and the like; as a functional material, the composite material has the advantages of sound absorption/insulation, heat insulation/dissipation, electromagnetic wave shielding and the like. In order to improve the performance of the foam metal, scholars fill polyurethane materials into holes of the foam metal by taking the foam metal with through holes as a base to obtain an interwoven complex of the metal and the polyurethane materials, namely the foam metal-polyurethane composite material, which is a functional structure integrated material with high damping performance and good mechanical property.
When the problem of underwater sound absorption of the sound absorption structure at low frequency is solved, the Alberich type sound absorption covering layer is provided, namely, a cylindrical, conical or horn-shaped cavity is periodically embedded in a uniform high-molecular damping material, and under the excitation of sound waves, the damping material on the upper side of the cavity can vibrate to consume most of sound wave energy. Meanwhile, acoustic impedance mismatching can cause sound waves to be scattered on the surface of the cavity; in addition, waveform conversion occurs when an acoustic wave is incident on the cavity surface.
The invention provides a damping material filled foam metal embedded periodic cavity type underwater sound absorption structure, which is characterized in that viscoelastic damping material polyurethane or rubber and the like are filled into open-cell foam metal, holes are periodically punched in the filled structure, then hard damping material covering layers are covered on the upper surface and the lower surface of the obtained structure, and the sound absorption structure is sealed and protected. The polyurethane and the foam metal are compounded, so that the mechanical property of the structure is improved, and the sound absorption performance of the damping material is greatly improved. The cavity structure is introduced into the structure, so that the low-frequency sound absorption performance of the structure is improved, and the underwater sound absorption structure which can bear the load and has a broadband sound absorption effect is realized.
Referring to fig. 1, the underwater sound absorption structure with periodic cavities embedded in foam metal filled with damping material of the present invention includes an open-cell foam metal framework 1 for bearing, a soft damping material 2 as a sound absorption material, a hard damping material covering layer 3 and cavities 4, wherein the hard damping material covering layer 3 is respectively disposed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the foam metal framework 1, so as to ensure the sealing property of the structure and protect the foam metal framework from being corroded by seawater, the soft damping material 2 is filled in the foam metal framework 1 for sound absorption, the foam metal framework 1 filled with the soft damping material 2 is periodically provided with holes to form a plurality of cavities 4, and the cavities 4 are used for improving the low-frequency sound absorption performance of the structure.
The open-cell foam metal framework 1 is made of iron, copper or aluminum metal materials through foaming, the porosity is 70% -90%, the pore diameter is 8-12 mm, and the thickness is 30-50%.
The soft damping material 2 is a viscoelastic material, such as soft rubber or soft polyurethane, and has a Young's modulus of 2-10 MPa and a loss factor of more than 0.3, and completely fills the gap of the open-cell foam metal 1.
The hard damping material covering layer 3 is specifically a viscoelastic material, such as hard rubber or hard polyurethane, the Young modulus of the hard damping material covering layer is 30-100 MPa, the thickness of the hard damping material covering layer is 1-3 mm, and the hard damping material covering layer covers the upper surface and the lower surface of the sound absorption structure to play a role in protection.
The height of the cavity 4 is consistent with that of the open-cell foam metal framework 1, the shape is one or more of a cylinder, a cone, a ball, an ellipsoid or a horn, and the aperture is 1-30 mm.
The underwater sound absorption structure with the periodic cavity embedded in the foam metal filled with the damping material can achieve a good sound absorption effect between 2kHz and 20kHz, and is considered as a network interpenetrating composite material because the damping material and the open foam metal are mutually permeated, the two materials are not simply superposed any more, the vibration of the structure is caused when sound waves are transmitted to the surface of the structure due to the existence of the foam metal, and at the moment, because acoustic impedance is not coordinated, the transmission speed of the sound waves in the damping material is far less than that in a foam metal framework, a very strong shearing action is generated near the interface of the two materials, longitudinal waves are converted into transverse waves, and the transverse waves cannot be transmitted into water from the structure, so that the transverse waves are scattered and reflected continuously in the structure and are dissipated finally. In addition, the foam metal framework has a scattering effect on the ground propagation of the sound waves in the damping material, so that the ground propagation direction of the sound waves is changed, and the propagation distance of the sound waves is increased. The introduction of the cavity can improve the low-frequency sound absorption performance of the structure, the sound absorption principle of the structure is similar to that of an Alberich type sound absorption covering layer, and the existence of the cavity can enable sound waves to generate large loss near the resonant frequency of the sound waves, so that low-frequency high-performance sound absorption is realized. In addition, the structure also meets the requirement of maintaining the sound absorption performance under high hydrostatic pressure without reduction; simple structure, maneuverability are strong.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
Materials for examples:
metallic aluminum: it is characterized by a density of 2700kg/m 3 Young's modulus 70GPa, poisson's ratio 0.33.
Soft damping material: it is characterized in that the density is 980kg/m 3 Young's modulus 6MPa, poisson's ratio 0.497, and loss factor 0.5.
Hard damping material: it is characterized by a density of 1100kg/m 3 Young's modulus of 30MPa, poisson's ratio of 0.493, and loss factor of 0.3.
Water: it is characterized by a density of 1000kg/m 3 The speed of sound is 1500m/s.
Structural dimensions of the examples:
the simulation calculation uses an open-cell foamed aluminum tetrakaidecahedron model, the side length of each cell is 8mm, the diameter of a foamed aluminum framework is 2mm, the porosity is 70.1%, and the thickness of the foamed aluminum is 50mm; the hard damping material covering layers are the same up and down, and the thickness is 2mm; referring to fig. 1 (c), the cavity 4 has a diameter of 10mm at the upper surface and 20mm at the lower surface, and is periodically arranged with a lattice size of 30mm.
Numerical simulations using the above materials and structural dimensions gave the following results for the examples:
referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 shows sound absorption coefficient curves of three different structures, namely a pure rubber structure, an aluminum foam filled polyurethane structure and an aluminum foam filled polyurethane embedded cavity according to the present invention. The sound absorption coefficient of the pure rubber structure is mainly concentrated on about 0.65 within the frequency range of 2 kHz-20 kHz, the sound absorption coefficient of the structure filled with polyurethane can reach more than 0.95 within 8kHz, and the open-cell foamed aluminum is below 5.6kHz and even has an inhibiting effect on the sound absorption performance of the polyurethane. The invention can realize the average sound absorption coefficient of 0.89 within the range of 2 kHz-20 kHz. Is less than 0.8 between 3kHz and 4.8 kHz.
In addition, using the methods and materials described above, to further illustrate the rules of the influence of the structural dimensions on the acoustic performance of the invention, the following comparative examples are provided for the invention:
comparative example 1
Please refer to fig. 3, which shows the comparison of sound absorption coefficients for different thicknesses of the foamed aluminum-filled polyurethane structure. During the calculation, the thicknesses of the structures were taken as 30mm, 40mm and 50mm, respectively, while keeping the other parameters unchanged. It can be seen from the figure that the thicker the damping layer, the higher the sound absorption coefficient of the structure, especially in the low frequency band.
Comparative example 2
FIG. 4 shows the comparison of sound absorption coefficients of structures with different foamed aluminum pore sizes. In the calculation process, the aperture of the foamed aluminum is respectively 8mm, 10mm and 12mm, and other parameters are kept unchanged. It can be seen that as the diameter of the opening increases, the second peak shifts to lower frequencies because the internal polyurethane is less constrained by the increased aperture, the compliance increases and the natural frequency decreases. Meanwhile, the sound absorption coefficient of the whole structure is reduced, the content of the foamed aluminum is reduced due to the increase of the pore size of the foamed aluminum, and the enhancement of the shearing effect is reduced.
Comparative example 3
Please refer to fig. 5, which is a comparison of sound absorption coefficients of different foam metal structures. In the calculation process, the metal skeleton is set to aluminum, iron and copper, respectively. Wherein the iron is characterized by a density of 7850kg/m 3 Young's modulus 200GPa, poisson's ratio 0.27 and loss factor 0. The copper is characterized by a density of 8960kg/m 3 Young's modulus 120GPa, poisson's ratio 0.34 and loss factor 0. It can be seen that the sound absorption coefficient of the composite structure of copper and iron is improved compared to aluminum foam because copper and iron interact more strongly with polyurethane due to the greater acoustic impedance compared to aluminum.
Comparative example 4
FIG. 6 is a comparison of sound absorption coefficients of structures with different moduli of the soft polyurethane. In the calculation process, the Young modulus of the soft polyurethane is respectively 2MPa, 6MPa and 10MPa, and other parameters are kept unchanged. It can be seen from the figure that, as the modulus of the soft polyurethane increases, the second peak of the sound absorption curve moves to a high frequency, and the sound absorption coefficient increases because the modulus increases to increase the natural vibration frequency of the structure, and the loss modulus increases at the same time, so the sound absorption coefficient increases.
According to the data, the technical effects achieved by the invention are as follows:
1. the simulation calculation result of the invention has the sound absorption coefficient of about 0.8 at 2-20 kHz, the average sound absorption coefficient reaches more than 0.8, and the requirement of perfect sound absorption in a certain frequency band is met;
2. compared with the traditional sound absorption material, the sound absorption material not only improves the integral sound absorption performance, but also solves the problem of poor low-frequency sound absorption performance;
3. the structure is simple, and the processing is convenient;
4. the mechanical property and the acoustic property of the structure can be changed by changing the parameters of the material, the porosity, the pore diameter and the like of the foam metal, so that the requirements of different occasions are met.
According to the characteristics of the underwater sound absorption structure with the periodic cavity embedded in the foam metal filled with the damping material, the underwater sound absorption structure can be used for manufacturing underwater non-pressure-resistant structures or some bearing structures, such as a sound absorption covering layer, a non-pressure-resistant shell and the like, and has wide engineering application prospect.
The above contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should not be limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The underwater sound absorption structure with the periodic cavity embedded in the foam metal is characterized by comprising an open-cell foam metal framework (1), wherein the thickness of the open-cell foam metal framework (1) is 30 to 50mm, the porosity of the open-cell foam metal framework (1) is 70 to 90 percent, the pore diameter of the pore is 5 to 15mm, a soft damping material (2) is filled in the open-cell foam metal framework (1), the Young modulus of the soft damping material (2) is 2 to 10MPa, the loss factor is more than or equal to 0.3, hard damping material covering layers (3) are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the open-cell foam metal framework (1), the Young modulus of the hard damping material covering layers (3) is 30 to 100MPa, the thickness is 1 to 3mm, the hard damping material covering layers (3) and the open-cell foam metal framework (1) form a sealing structure, a plurality of pores are periodically formed in the inner periphery to form a cavity (4), and the pore diameter of the cavity (4) is 1 to 30mm.
2. An open cell, metal foam filled polyurethane, open cell, underwater sound absorbing structure according to claim 1 wherein the cavity (4) is one or more of cylindrical, conical, spherical, ellipsoidal or trumpet shaped.
3. An open-cell, metal foam filled polyurethane, open-cell, underwater sound absorbing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the cavity (4) is the same as the thickness of the open-cell metal foam skeleton (1).
4. The open-cell metal foam filled polyurethane open-cell type underwater sound absorbing structure according to claim 1, wherein the open-cell metal foam skeleton (1) is foamed with a metal material of iron, copper or aluminum.
5. The open-cell metal foam filled polyurethane open-cell underwater sound absorbing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sound absorbing frequency of the sound absorbing structure is 2 to 20kHz, and the average sound absorbing coefficient is not less than 0.8.
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CN112623168A (en) * 2020-11-19 2021-04-09 西北工业大学 Large-scale underwater platform noise reduction covering layer with space bending composite decoupling mechanism
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