CN111694307A - Intelligent monitoring system of negative pressure transfer bin and control method thereof - Google Patents
Intelligent monitoring system of negative pressure transfer bin and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000011045 prefiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
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Abstract
An intelligent monitoring system of a negative pressure transportation bin and a control method thereof belong to the technical field of intelligent monitoring and control, and the monitoring system consists of a unidirectional flow fresh air system and an environment monitoring and controlling system; the unidirectional flow fresh air system comprises a first pre-filter, a fresh air valve, an exhaust fan, a second pre-filter, a medium-efficiency filter and a high-efficiency filter, the environment monitoring control system comprises an environment parameter acquisition sensor and a negative pressure control device, the system is novel in composition, real-time monitoring and self-positioning functions of environment parameters such as temperature, humidity, oxygen content and pressure in a transfer bin can be realized through the unidirectional flow fresh air system, an alarm can be given in time when the parameters are abnormal, the unidirectional flow fresh air system can be in butt joint with a hospital and an emergency command center, and the accident risk is greatly reduced. Simultaneously this storehouse convenient to use is transported to negative pressure, and medical personnel can start the negative pressure through the touch-sensitive screen and transport the storehouse and realize negative pressure control and negative pressure parameter adjustment, and in the transportation process, can also be the invariable negative pressure in the self-adaptation control storehouse.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent monitoring and control, relates to an intelligent monitoring system and a control method for a transfer bin, and particularly relates to an intelligent monitoring system for a negative pressure transfer bin and a control method thereof.
Background
The negative pressure transfer bin can provide effective isolation protection measures for medical care personnel and surrounding people in the process of transferring infectious patients and protect the environment from being polluted. However, the traditional negative pressure transfer cabin mainly realizes the isolation function, has the problems of no early warning, no monitoring, no control and the like, has low intelligent degree, and cannot ensure the safety of medical care personnel and the comfort of patients in the transfer process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the traditional negative pressure transportation bin, provides an intelligent monitoring system of the negative pressure transportation bin and a control method thereof, can realize real-time monitoring of the environment in the bin and self-adaptive adjustment of negative pressure in the transportation process, achieves preset alarm environment parameters when equipment is abnormal, can timely warn, can be in butt joint with a hospital and an emergency command center in time through a communication module, can reduce accident risks and improve the safety index of doctors and patients.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an intelligent monitoring system of a negative pressure transfer bin comprises a transfer bin body; the method is characterized in that: the intelligent monitoring system consists of a unidirectional flow fresh air system and an environment monitoring control system; the unidirectional flow fresh air system is arranged outside the transfer bin body and consists of a first prefilter, a fresh air valve, an exhaust fan, a second prefilter, a medium-efficiency filter and a high-efficiency filter, wherein the first prefilter and the fresh air valve are connected at an air inlet of the transfer bin body in series, and the exhaust fan, the second prefilter, the medium-efficiency filter and the high-efficiency filter are connected at an air outlet of the transfer bin body in series; the environment monitoring and controlling system is arranged in the transferring bin body and consists of an environment parameter acquisition sensor and an environment parameter monitoring and negative pressure controlling device, and the negative environment parameter monitoring and negative pressure controlling device consists of an environment parameter acquisition circuit, a touch display screen, an ARM single chip microcomputer, a 4G communication circuit, a Beidou positioning circuit, a negative pressure controlling circuit, an alarm circuit and a power circuit; the environment parameter acquisition sensor is connected with the input end of the environment parameter monitoring and negative pressure control device, and the output end of the environment parameter monitoring and negative pressure control device is respectively connected with the fresh air valve and the exhaust fan.
The environmental parameter acquisition sensor consists of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen content sensor and a pressure sensor.
The environment parameter acquisition circuit consists of a temperature signal input circuit, a temperature signal conditioning circuit, a humidity signal input circuit, a humidity signal conditioning circuit, 2 4-20mA input circuits and 2I/V conversion circuits.
The model of the ARM single chip microcomputer is STM32F407ZGT6, and a 12-bit ADC conversion circuit is arranged in the ARM single chip microcomputer.
The touch display screen is a human-computer interface touch screen of the HMI, an environment monitoring interface of the display screen is designed by using interface compiling software of the HMI and then is downloaded into the HMI through a serial port, and the singlechip sends acquired temperature, humidity, oxygen content and pressure data to the touch display screen through the serial port 3.
The alarm circuit consists of an NPN type triode and a buzzer, and the high level and the low level output by the IO port of the single chip microcomputer control the on and off of the NPN type triode, so that the alarm of the buzzer is controlled.
The power supply circuit adopts two sections of 3.7V lithium batteries for power supply, and then the power supply circuit is connected with the power supply circuit through two voltage stabilizing circuits: the +7.4V to +5VDC-DC circuit and the +5V to +3.3VDC-DC circuit supply power to the whole hardware device.
A control method of an intelligent monitoring system of a negative pressure transfer cabin comprises the following steps:
collecting temperature, humidity, oxygen content and pressure by using a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen content sensor and a pressure sensor;
the environment parameter acquisition circuit is connected with sensors such as temperature, humidity, oxygen content and pressure and the like which are arranged in a bin, the ARM single chip microcomputer acquires environment parameters once within 5 seconds, wherein the temperature and humidity sensors directly output voltage signals, the voltage signals are input into the single chip microcomputer after being conditioned by the amplifying circuit, the oxygen content and pressure sensors correspond to 4-20mA standard output and are converted into 0-3.3V signals through the flow pressure conversion circuit to be input into the single chip microcomputer for processing;
the ARM single chip microcomputer carries out data acquisition on the environment in the bin at regular time through an environment parameter acquisition circuit, the acquisition result is sent to a touch display screen for display after AD conversion and scale conversion which are arranged in the single chip microcomputer, real-time monitoring of the environment parameters in the bin is realized, meanwhile, threshold judgment is carried out on the acquired environment parameters, and if the acquired environment parameters exceed the limit value, an alarm circuit is started to early warn; medical personnel can send a negative pressure control signal to the ARM single chip microcomputer through a touch display screen, and the single chip microcomputer controls the starting, accelerating, decelerating and other operations of an exhaust fan frequency converter in the unidirectional flow fresh air system through a negative pressure control circuit after receiving the negative pressure control signal, so that the change of the rotating speed of the exhaust fan is controlled, the exhaust air volume in the transfer bin is finally controlled, and the negative pressure control is realized; during the transfer process, negative pressure and oxygen content parameter changes caused by bumping and the like, the ARM single chip can sense through an environmental parameter acquisition circuit, adaptively control the opening size and the opening size of a fresh air valve through data analysis, and adjust fresh air volume, so that the negative pressure in the bin is basically constant during the transfer process; finally, real-time environmental parameters in the warehouse and Beidou positioning information are uploaded to a cloud server through a 4G module, and communication docking with a hospital and an emergency command center is realized;
the touch display screen uses interface compiling software of the HMI to design an environment monitoring interface of the display screen, and then the environment monitoring interface is downloaded into the HMI through a serial port, the single chip sends collected data of temperature, humidity, oxygen content, pressure and the like to the touch display screen through the serial port 3, the touch display screen can display real-time environment parameters and a historical curve of the environment parameters, the historical curve displays data of 60 points in the last 5 minutes at one time, and the switching of the real-time environment parameter display interface and the historical curve interface can be realized by manually touching a screen;
the rotation speed control of the exhaust fan is realized by a digital output circuit, an IO port of the single chip microcomputer is connected with a terminal of a control loop of the frequency converter, and the operations of starting, accelerating, decelerating and the like of the frequency converter are controlled through high and low levels output by the IO port, so that the rotation speed of the exhaust fan is controlled to realize negative pressure; the control of the opening degree of the fresh air valve is realized by a DA conversion circuit, a V/I conversion circuit and a 4-20mA output circuit, a single chip microcomputer provides a voltage control signal of the fresh air valve, the voltage control signal is output by an IO port and converted into an analog quantity voltage signal through the DA conversion circuit, then the voltage control signal is converted into a 4-20mA current control through pressure-current conversion, and finally the output of the 4-20mA current signal is connected with the fresh air valve, so that the opening degree of the fresh air valve is controlled;
the positioning circuit adopts a Beidou module, and the Beidou module is connected with a serial port 1 of the single chip microcomputer to realize real-time positioning of the transfer bin; the alarm circuit consists of an NPN type triode and a buzzer, and controls the on and off of the NPN type triode by outputting high and low levels through an IO port of the single chip microcomputer so as to control the alarm of the buzzer; the 4G communication module is connected with the serial port 2 of the single chip microcomputer, a TCP transparent transmission mode of the 4G communication module can be selected by sending an AT instruction through the serial port, and real-time environment parameters and position information of the negative pressure transfer cabin are uploaded once every 5 seconds by establishing TCP connection with the cloud server; the power supply circuit adopts two sections of 3.7V lithium batteries for power supply, and then the power supply circuit is connected with the power supply circuit through two voltage stabilizing circuits: the +7.4V to +5VDC-DC circuit and the +5V to +3.3VDC-DC circuit supply power to the whole hardware device;
fresh air outside the transferring bin body enters the bin through a first pre-filter and a fresh air valve, and polluted gas in the bin is filtered by an exhaust fan, a second pre-filter, a middle-effect filter and a high-effect filter and then is forcibly discharged; by changing the rotating speed of the exhaust fan, when the exhaust volume is greater than the fresh air volume, the pressure in the bin is lower than the external atmospheric pressure, so that a negative pressure effect is generated, air outside the bin can freely enter the bin, and the polluted gas in the bin cannot be naturally discharged and can only be discharged after being filtered and sterilized by the exhaust fan; the environment parameter monitoring and negative pressure control device can realize monitoring and early warning of the environment in the bin, and based on the monitored pressure in the bin, the rotating speed of an exhaust fan of the unidirectional flow fresh air system and the opening degree of a fresh air valve are controlled, so that the intelligent control of the negative pressure is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an intelligent monitoring system of a negative pressure transfer bin and a control method thereof, wherein the monitoring system consists of a unidirectional flow fresh air system and an environment monitoring control system; the unidirectional flow fresh air system comprises a first pre-filter, a fresh air valve, an exhaust fan, a second pre-filter, a medium-efficiency filter and a high-efficiency filter, the environment monitoring control system comprises an environment parameter acquisition sensor and an environment parameter monitoring and negative pressure control device, the system is novel in composition, real-time monitoring and self-positioning functions of environment parameters such as temperature, humidity, oxygen content and pressure in the transfer bin can be realized, alarm can be timely given when the parameters are abnormal, and the system can be in butt joint with hospitals and emergency command centers, so that the accident risk is greatly reduced. Simultaneously this storehouse convenient to use is transported to negative pressure, and medical personnel can start the negative pressure through the touch-sensitive screen and transport the storehouse and realize negative pressure control and negative pressure parameter adjustment, and in the transportation process, can also be the invariable negative pressure in the self-adaptation control storehouse.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the environmental parameter acquisition sensor and the hardware of the environmental parameter monitoring and negative pressure control device of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a first pre-filter 1, a fresh air valve 2, a transfer cabin body 3, an exhaust fan 4, a second pre-filter 5, a medium-efficiency filter 6 and a high-efficiency filter 7.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in fig. 1-2, an intelligent monitoring system for a negative pressure transportation cabin is composed of a unidirectional flow fresh air system and an environment monitoring control system; the unidirectional flow fresh air system is arranged outside the transfer bin body 3 and consists of a first prefilter 1, a fresh air valve 2, an exhaust fan 4, a second prefilter 5, a middle-effect filter 6 and a high-efficiency filter 7, wherein the first prefilter 1 and the fresh air valve 2 are connected in series at an air inlet of the transfer bin body 3, and the exhaust fan 4, the second prefilter 5, the middle-effect filter 6 and the high-efficiency filter 7 are connected in series at an air outlet of the transfer bin body 3; the environment monitoring and controlling system is arranged in the transferring cabin body 3 and consists of an environment parameter acquisition sensor 8 and an environment parameter monitoring and negative pressure controlling device 9, and the environment parameter monitoring and negative pressure controlling device 9 consists of an environment parameter acquisition circuit, a touch display screen, an ARM single chip microcomputer, a 4G communication circuit, a Beidou positioning circuit, a negative pressure controlling circuit, an alarm circuit and a power circuit; the environment parameter acquisition sensor is connected with the input end of the environment parameter monitoring and negative pressure control device 9, and the output end of the environment parameter monitoring and negative pressure control device 9 is respectively connected with the fresh air valve 2 and the exhaust fan 4.
As shown in fig. 1-2, an intelligent monitoring system for a negative pressure transportation cabin, wherein a hardware of an environmental parameter monitoring and negative pressure control device 9 forms a block diagram, and the system comprises an ARM single chip microcomputer, an environmental parameter acquisition circuit, a touch display screen, a negative pressure control circuit, an alarm circuit, a Beidou positioning circuit, a 4G communication circuit and a power supply circuit.
The ARM single chip microcomputer adopts STM32F407ZGT6, an ADC conversion circuit with 12 bits is arranged in the ARM single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer carries out data acquisition on the environment in the bin at regular time through an environment parameter acquisition circuit, the acquisition result is transmitted to a touch display screen for display after the AD conversion and scale conversion which are arranged in the single chip microcomputer, the real-time monitoring of the environment parameters in the bin is realized, meanwhile, the threshold value judgment is carried out on the acquired environment parameters, if the acquired environment parameters exceed the limit value, an alarm circuit is started, and early warning is carried out in. Medical personnel can send the negative pressure control signal for the ARM singlechip through touch display screen, and the singlechip receives the operation such as the start-up of exhaust fan converter among the negative pressure control circuit control uniflow new trend system, accelerates, slows down behind the negative pressure control signal to the change of control exhaust fan rotational speed, the volume of airing exhaust in the storehouse is transported in final control, realizes negative pressure control. During the transfer process, negative pressure and oxygen content parameter changes caused by bumping and the like, the ARM single chip can sense through the environmental parameter acquisition circuit, adaptively control the opening size and the opening size of the fresh air valve through data analysis, and adjust the fresh air volume, so that the negative pressure in the bin is basically constant during the transfer process. And finally, real-time environmental parameters in the warehouse and Beidou positioning information can be uploaded to a cloud server through a 4G module, so that communication and docking with hospitals and emergency command centers are realized.
The environment parameter acquisition circuit is connected with sensors of temperature, humidity, oxygen content, pressure and the like which are arranged in a bin, the ARM single chip microcomputer acquires environment parameters once within 5 seconds, wherein the temperature and humidity sensors directly output voltage signals, the voltage signals are input into the single chip microcomputer after being conditioned by the amplifying circuit, the oxygen content and pressure sensors correspond to 4-20mA standard output, and the standard output is converted into 0-3.3V signal through the flow pressure conversion circuit and then is input into the single chip microcomputer for processing.
The touch display screen is a human-computer interface touch screen of an HMI (human machine interface), an environment monitoring interface of the display screen is designed by using interface compiling software of the HMI, the environment monitoring interface is downloaded into the HMI through a serial port, the single chip microcomputer sends collected data of temperature, humidity, oxygen content, pressure and the like to the touch display screen through the serial port 3, the touch display screen can display real-time environment parameters and a historical curve of the environment parameters, and the historical curve once displays data of 60 points in the last 5 minutes. The switching of the real-time environment parameter display interface and the historical curve interface can be realized by manually touching a screen.
The negative pressure control circuit controls the rotating speed of an exhaust fan of the unidirectional flow fresh air system and the opening of the fresh air valve. The rotation speed control of the exhaust fan is realized by a digital output circuit, an IO port of the single chip microcomputer is connected with a terminal of a control loop of the frequency converter, and the operations of starting, accelerating, decelerating and the like of the frequency converter are controlled through high and low levels output by the IO port, so that the rotation speed of the exhaust fan is controlled to realize negative pressure. The control of the opening degree of the fresh air valve is realized by a DA conversion circuit, a V/I conversion circuit and a 4-20mA output circuit, a single chip microcomputer provides a voltage control signal of the fresh air valve, the voltage control signal is output by an IO port and converted into an analog quantity voltage signal through the DA conversion circuit, then the voltage control signal is converted into a 4-20mA current control signal through pressure-current conversion, and finally the output of the 4-20mA current signal is connected with the fresh air valve, so that the opening degree of the fresh air valve is controlled.
The big dipper module that positioning circuit adopted links to each other through the serial ports 1 with the singlechip, realizes transporting the real-time location in storehouse. And the alarm circuit consists of an NPN type triode and a buzzer, and controls the on and off of the NPN type triode by outputting high and low levels through an IO port of the singlechip so as to control the alarm of the buzzer. The 4G communication module is connected with the serial port 2 of the single chip microcomputer, the TCP transparent transmission mode of the 4G module can be selected by sending an AT instruction through the serial port, and real-time environment parameters and position information of the negative pressure transfer cabin are uploaded once every 5 seconds by establishing TCP connection with the cloud server. The power supply circuit adopts two sections of 3.7V lithium batteries for power supply, and then the power supply circuit is connected with the power supply circuit through two voltage stabilizing circuits: the +7.4V to +5VDC-DC circuit and the +5V to +3.3VDC-DC circuit supply power to the whole hardware device. The STM32f407ZGT6 single chip microcomputer realizes the software function of the whole monitoring device based on an RT-Thread operating system, can reasonably configure system resources and realizes low power consumption.
Claims (8)
1. An intelligent monitoring system of a negative pressure transfer bin comprises a transfer bin body (3); the method is characterized in that: the intelligent monitoring system consists of a unidirectional flow fresh air system and an environment monitoring control system; the unidirectional flow fresh air system is arranged outside the transfer bin body (3), and consists of a first prefilter (1), a fresh air valve (2), an exhaust fan (4), a second prefilter (5), an intermediate effect filter (6) and an efficient filter (7), wherein the first prefilter (1) and the fresh air valve (2) are connected in series at an air inlet of the transfer bin body (3), and the exhaust fan (4), the second prefilter (5), the intermediate effect filter (6) and the efficient filter (7) are connected in series at an air outlet of the transfer bin body (3); the environment monitoring and controlling system is arranged inside the transferring cabin body (3), the environment monitoring and controlling system consists of an environment parameter acquisition sensor (8) and an environment parameter monitoring and negative pressure controlling device (9), and the environment parameter monitoring and negative pressure controlling device (9) consists of an environment parameter acquisition circuit, a touch display screen, an ARM single chip microcomputer, a 4G communication circuit, a Beidou positioning circuit, a negative pressure controlling circuit, an alarming circuit and a power circuit; the environment parameter acquisition sensor is connected with the input end of the environment parameter acquisition and negative pressure control device (9), and the output end of the environment parameter monitoring and negative pressure control device (9) is respectively connected with the fresh air valve (2) and the exhaust fan (4).
2. The intelligent monitoring system of a negative pressure transportation cabin of claim 1, characterized in that: the environmental parameter acquisition sensor (8) is composed of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen content sensor and a pressure sensor.
3. The intelligent monitoring system of a negative pressure transportation cabin of claim 1, characterized in that: the environment parameter acquisition circuit consists of a temperature signal input circuit, a temperature signal conditioning circuit, a humidity signal input circuit, a humidity signal conditioning circuit, 2 4-20mA input circuits and 2I/V conversion circuits.
4. The intelligent monitoring system of a negative pressure transportation cabin of claim 1, characterized in that: the model of the ARM single chip microcomputer is STM32F407ZGT6, and a 12-bit ADC conversion circuit is arranged in the ARM single chip microcomputer.
5. The intelligent monitoring system of a negative pressure transportation cabin of claim 1, characterized in that: the touch display screen is a human-computer interface touch screen of the HMI, an environment monitoring interface of the display screen is designed by using interface compiling software of the HMI and then is downloaded into the HMI through a serial port, and the singlechip sends acquired temperature, humidity, oxygen content and pressure data to the touch display screen through the serial port 3.
6. The intelligent monitoring system of a negative pressure transportation cabin of claim 1, characterized in that: the alarm circuit consists of an NPN type triode and a buzzer, and the high level and the low level output by the IO port of the single chip microcomputer control the on and off of the NPN type triode, so that the alarm of the buzzer is controlled.
7. The intelligent monitoring system of a negative pressure transportation cabin of claim 1, characterized in that: the power supply circuit adopts two sections of 3.7V lithium batteries for power supply, and then the power supply circuit is connected with the power supply circuit through two voltage stabilizing circuits: the +7.4V to +5VDC-DC circuit and the +5V to +3.3VDC-DC circuit supply power to the whole hardware device.
8. A control method of an intelligent monitoring system of a negative pressure transfer cabin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting temperature, humidity, oxygen content and pressure by using a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen content sensor and a pressure sensor;
the environment parameter acquisition circuit is connected with sensors such as temperature, humidity, oxygen content and pressure and the like which are arranged in a bin, the ARM single chip microcomputer acquires environment parameters once within 5 seconds, wherein the temperature and humidity sensors directly output voltage signals, the voltage signals are input into the single chip microcomputer after being conditioned by the amplifying circuit, the oxygen content and pressure sensors correspond to 4-20mA standard output and are converted into 0-3.3V signals through the flow pressure conversion circuit to be input into the single chip microcomputer for processing;
the ARM single chip microcomputer carries out data acquisition on the environment in the bin at regular time through an environment parameter acquisition circuit, the acquisition result is sent to a touch display screen for display after AD conversion and scale conversion which are arranged in the single chip microcomputer, real-time monitoring of the environment parameters in the bin is realized, meanwhile, threshold judgment is carried out on the acquired environment parameters, and if the acquired environment parameters exceed the limit value, an alarm circuit is started to early warn; medical personnel can send a negative pressure control signal to the ARM single chip microcomputer through a touch display screen, and the single chip microcomputer controls the starting, accelerating, decelerating and other operations of an exhaust fan frequency converter in the unidirectional flow fresh air system through a negative pressure control circuit after receiving the negative pressure control signal, so that the change of the rotating speed of the exhaust fan is controlled, the exhaust air volume in the transfer bin is finally controlled, and the negative pressure control is realized; during the transfer process, negative pressure and oxygen content parameter changes caused by bumping and the like, the ARM single chip can sense through an environmental parameter acquisition circuit, adaptively control the opening size and the opening size of a fresh air valve through data analysis, and adjust fresh air volume, so that the negative pressure in the bin is basically constant during the transfer process; finally, real-time environmental parameters in the warehouse and Beidou positioning information are uploaded to a cloud server through a 4G module, and communication docking with a hospital and an emergency command center is realized;
the touch display screen uses interface compiling software of the HMI to design an environment monitoring interface of the display screen, and then the environment monitoring interface is downloaded into the HMI through a serial port, the single chip sends collected data of temperature, humidity, oxygen content, pressure and the like to the touch display screen through the serial port 3, the touch display screen can display real-time environment parameters and a historical curve of the environment parameters, the historical curve displays data of 60 points in the last 5 minutes at one time, and the switching of the real-time environment parameter display interface and the historical curve interface can be realized by manually touching a screen;
the rotation speed control of the exhaust fan is realized by a digital output circuit, an IO port of the single chip microcomputer is connected with a terminal of a control loop of the frequency converter, and the operations of starting, accelerating, decelerating and the like of the frequency converter are controlled through high and low levels output by the IO port, so that the rotation speed of the exhaust fan is controlled to realize negative pressure; the control of the opening degree of the fresh air valve is realized by a DA conversion circuit, a V/I conversion circuit and a 4-20mA output circuit, a single chip microcomputer provides a voltage control signal of the fresh air valve, the voltage control signal is output by an IO port and converted into an analog quantity voltage signal through the DA conversion circuit, then the voltage control signal is converted into a 4-20mA current control through pressure-current conversion, and finally the output of the 4-20mA current signal is connected with the fresh air valve, so that the opening degree of the fresh air valve is controlled;
the positioning circuit adopts a Beidou module, and the Beidou module is connected with a serial port 1 of the single chip microcomputer to realize real-time positioning of the transfer bin; the alarm circuit consists of an NPN type triode and a buzzer, and controls the on and off of the NPN type triode by outputting high and low levels through an IO port of the single chip microcomputer so as to control the alarm of the buzzer; the 4G communication module is connected with the serial port 2 of the single chip microcomputer, a TCP transparent transmission mode of the 4G communication module can be selected by sending an AT instruction through the serial port, and real-time environment parameters and position information of the negative pressure transfer cabin are uploaded once every 5 seconds by establishing TCP connection with the cloud server; the power supply circuit adopts two sections of 3.7V lithium batteries for power supply, and then the power supply circuit is connected with the power supply circuit through two voltage stabilizing circuits: the +7.4V to +5VDC-DC circuit and the +5V to +3.3VDC-DC circuit supply power to the whole hardware device;
fresh air outside a transferring bin body (3) enters the bin through a first pre-filter (1) and a fresh air valve (2), and polluted gas in the bin is filtered by an exhaust fan (4), a second pre-filter (5), a medium-efficiency filter (6) and a high-efficiency filter (7) and then is forcibly discharged; by changing the rotating speed of the exhaust fan (4), when the exhaust volume is greater than the fresh air volume, the pressure in the bin is lower than the external atmospheric pressure, so that a negative pressure effect is generated, air outside the bin can freely enter the bin, and the polluted gas in the bin cannot be naturally exhausted and can only be exhausted after being filtered and sterilized by the exhaust fan (4); the environment parameter monitoring and negative pressure control device can be used for realizing monitoring and early warning of the environment in the bin, and the rotation speed of an exhaust fan (4) of the unidirectional flow fresh air system and the opening degree of a fresh air valve (2) are controlled based on the monitored pressure in the bin to realize intelligent control of negative pressure.
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