CN111693720B - Method for determining bird-repellent effectiveness of airport gas cannon - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of bird repellent of gas cannons, in particular to a method for determining bird repellent effectiveness of an airport gas cannon. Compared with the behavior observation method in the prior art, the method provided by the invention can determine that the corticosterone level of the feces can be used as a physiological stress response index of birds responding to noise stimulation, and can obtain a conclusion that the effectiveness of the noise condition of the gas cannon on to the bird noise stimulation can be effectively determined by measuring the corticosterone level of the feces of the birds before and after the noise stimulation of the gas cannon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bird repellent of gas cannons, in particular to a method for determining bird repellent effectiveness of an airport gas cannon.
Background
It is known that flying birds strike an aircraft, which may cause serious consequences of the death of the aircraft, and how to prevent birds from striking to the greatest extent has important significance for the safety of civil or military aircraft. The coal gas gun bird repellent is one of the main means of bird repellent in the current airport, and mainly depends on the high decibel noise generated by coal gas explosion to achieve the aim of bird repellent.
At present, the bird repellent effect of the gas cannon is mainly observed through behaviours, but the method is difficult to quantify in effect evaluation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quantitatively determining the bird-repellent effectiveness of an airport gas gun.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for determining bird-repellent effectiveness of an airport gas gun, which comprises the following steps:
collecting the feces of birds which are not subjected to the noise stimulation of the gas cannon, and obtaining the feces before the noise stimulation; after the noise stimulation of the gas gun is implemented, the feces of the birds are collected, and the feces after the noise stimulation are obtained;
respectively extracting the excrement before noise stimulation and the excrement after noise stimulation to obtain excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation and excrement extracting solution after noise stimulation;
respectively testing the content of corticosterone in the fecal extract before noise stimulation and the fecal extract after noise stimulation by adopting an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;
calculating the content change rate w of corticosterone according to the formula I, and judging the effectiveness of bird repellent of the airport gas cannon:
w＝(R 2 -R 1 )/R 1 a formula I;
in the formula I, w is the content change rate of corticosterone; r is R 1 Is the content of corticosterone in the fecal extract before noise stimulation; r is R 2 Is the content of corticosterone in the fecal extract after noise stimulation.
Preferably, when w is more than or equal to 5%, the airport gas cannon can effectively drive birds.
Preferably, the extraction comprises the steps of:
respectively mixing the excrement before noise stimulation and the excrement after noise stimulation with an ethanol solution, and sequentially oscillating and centrifuging to obtain supernatant;
the supernatant fluid is respectively fecal extract before noise stimulation and fecal extract after noise stimulation.
Preferably, the ethanol solution is an ethanol water solution; the mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 85% -95%.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the mass of the feces before or after the noise stimulation to the ethanol solution is (0.4 to 0.6) g: (8-12) mL.
Preferably, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent method comprises the following steps:
diluting the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation or the excrement after noise stimulation by using a phosphate buffer solution to obtain a liquid to be tested;
and (3) measuring the content of the corticosterone in the liquid to be measured by adopting an ELISA quantitative test kit.
Preferably, the pH value of the phosphate buffer solution is 7.0-7.5, and the concentration of the phosphate buffer solution is 0.018-0.022 mol/L.
Preferably, the dilution factor is 8 to 12 times.
Preferably, the detection parameters of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit are as follows:
the measurement range is 10-500 mug/L, the sensitivity is less than or equal to 1.5 mug/L, the intra-batch variation coefficient is less than 9%, and the inter-batch variation coefficient is less than 15%.
Preferably, the period of the noise stimulation of the gas cannon is 20 days.
The invention provides a method for determining bird-repellent effectiveness of an airport gas gun, which comprises the following steps: collecting the feces of birds which are not subjected to the noise stimulation of the gas cannon, and obtaining the feces before the noise stimulation; after the noise stimulation of the gas gun is implemented, the feces of the birds are collected, and the feces after the noise stimulation are obtained; respectively extracting the excrement before noise stimulation and the excrement after noise stimulation to obtain excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation and excrement extracting solution after noise stimulation; respectively testing the content of corticosterone in the fecal extract before noise stimulation and the fecal extract after noise stimulation by adopting an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; calculating the content change rate w of corticosterone according to the formula I, and judging the effectiveness of bird repellent of the airport gas cannon: w= (R 2 -R 1 )/R 1 A formula I; in the formula I, w is the content change rate of corticosterone; r is R 1 Is the content of corticosterone in the fecal extract before noise stimulation; r is R 2 Is the content of corticosterone in the fecal extract after noise stimulation. Compared with the behavior observation method in the prior art, the invention can determine that the cortisone level of the feces can be used as the physiological stress response index of birds in response to noise stimulation, and can obtain the conclusion that the effectiveness of the noise condition of the gas cannon on to the bird noise stimulation can be effectively determined by measuring the bird feces before and after the gas cannon noise stimulation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a bar graph of the change rate of the fecal corticosterone content of pigeons at different noise source distances and different noise stimulation days at a sound production time interval of 1/15 min;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing average change rate of the content of the fecal corticosterone of the pigeons under the stimulation of different noise source distances when the noise stimulation days are 20 days and the sounding time interval is 1 time/15 min;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the percentage of each behavioral response to the total number of pigeon behaviors after pigeons are stimulated by noise for 5 days under different noise source distance conditions;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the percentage of each behavioral response to the overall pigeon performance after the pigeons were subjected to noise stimulation (noise source distance 10 m) on different days of noise stimulation.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for determining bird-repellent effectiveness of an airport gas gun, which comprises the following steps:
collecting the feces of birds which are not subjected to the noise stimulation of the gas cannon, and obtaining the feces before the noise stimulation; after the noise stimulation of the gas gun is implemented, the feces of the birds are collected, and the feces after the noise stimulation are obtained;
respectively extracting the excrement before noise stimulation and the excrement after noise stimulation to obtain excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation and excrement extracting solution after noise stimulation;
respectively testing the content of corticosterone in the fecal extract before noise stimulation and the fecal extract after noise stimulation by adopting an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;
calculating the content change rate w of corticosterone according to the formula I, and judging the effectiveness of bird repellent of the airport gas cannon:
w＝(R 2 -R 1 )/R 1 a formula I;
in the formula I, w is the content change rate of corticosterone; r is R 1 Is the content of corticosterone in the fecal extract before noise stimulation; r is R 2 Is the content of corticosterone in the fecal extract after noise stimulation.
The method collects the feces of birds which are not subjected to the noise stimulation of the gas cannon to obtain the feces before the noise stimulation; after the noise stimulation of the gas gun is implemented, the feces of the birds are collected, and the feces after the noise stimulation is obtained. The kind of the birds is not particularly limited, and the birds may be used in the present invention by performing experiments using the kinds of birds known to those skilled in the art. In the invention, the bird species is further preferably one or more of magpie, sparrow, crow's feet, darunate's feet, pigeon, vernonia cinerea, falcon rubrum and falcon tenuifolia; when the birds are two or more kinds of the above specific choices, the ratio of the specific substances is not particularly limited, and the specific substances are mixed according to any ratio.
In the present invention, before collecting the feces of birds not subjected to the noise stimulation of the gas cannon, the birds are preferably subjected to pretreatment; the pretreatment is preferably to feed the birds with the same food and clean water, clean the feces in the cage after feeding for 4 days, and collect the feces of the birds after the 5 th day. In the present invention, the pretreatment may restore the bird's corticosterone level to a basal value.
The method for collecting the bird feces is not particularly limited, and the bird feces can be collected by a sampling method well known to those skilled in the art.
In the invention, the feces before noise stimulation is collected without collection frequency, and the feces are collected once after the corticosterone level of the bird is recovered to a basic value.
After the noise stimulation of the gas gun is implemented, the invention collects the feces of the birds to obtain the feces after the noise stimulation. In the invention, the noise source distance of the gas gun noise stimulus is preferably 0-130 m, more preferably 0-120 m, and most preferably 0-90 m; the frequency of the noise stimulation of the gas gun is preferably 1 time/(5-30) min, more preferably 1 time/(10-25) min; the period of the gas noise running stimulation is preferably 20 days; in the present invention, the period is the total number of days for which the noise stimulation of the gas cannon is performed. The original decibel value of the noise stimulus of the gas cannon is preferably 124dB. When the noise source distances of the noise stimulus of the gas gun are respectively 10m,30m,50m,70m,90m,110m and 130m, the noise stimulus decibel values received by the birds are respectively 122dB, 111dB, 107dB, 104dB, 101dB, 97dB and 95dB.
In the present invention, the feces after the noise stimulation are collected at the same time of day 2, day 5, day 8, day 11, day 14, day 17 and day 20, respectively, during the period.
After the collection is completed, the excrement before the noise stimulation and the excrement after the noise stimulation are respectively extracted to obtain the excrement extracting solution before the noise stimulation and the excrement extracting solution after the noise stimulation. In the present invention, the extraction preferably comprises the steps of:
respectively mixing the excrement before noise stimulation or the excrement after noise stimulation with an ethanol solution, and sequentially oscillating and centrifuging to obtain supernatant;
the supernatant fluid is the fecal extract before the noise stimulation or the fecal extract after the noise stimulation respectively.
In the invention, the ethanol solution is ethanol water solution; the mass concentration of the ethanol solution is preferably 85% -95%, more preferably 88% -92%, and most preferably 90%; the ethanol solution is preferably an aqueous ethanol solution.
In the present invention, the ratio by volume of the mass of the feces before the noise stimulation or the feces after the noise stimulation to the ethanol solution is preferably (0.4 to 0.6) g: (8-12) mL, more preferably (0.45-0.55) g: (9-11) mL, most preferably 0.5g:10mL.
In the present invention, the mixing preferably includes the steps of:
mixing the excrement before or after noise stimulation with part of ethanol solution, oscillating for 20min at the frequency of 50 times/min, and centrifuging for 15min at the rotating speed of 2500rpm to obtain a first supernatant and a precipitate;
mixing the precipitate with the residual ethanol solution, oscillating for 15min at the frequency of 50 times/min, and centrifuging for 15min at the rotating speed of 2500rpm to obtain a second supernatant;
mixing the first supernatant and the second supernatant to obtain a supernatant.
In the invention, the ratio of the partial ethanol solution to the residual ethanol solution is preferably 1:1; the mixing of the first supernatant and the second supernatant is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the two supernatants may be uniformly mixed by a mixing process well known to those skilled in the art.
In the invention, the obtained feces or feces extraction liquid is preferably tested in time; if the obtained feces or the feces extraction liquid cannot be treated in time, the obtained feces before noise stimulation, the feces after noise stimulation, the feces extraction liquid before noise stimulation or the feces extraction liquid after noise stimulation are preferably stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ to be tested.
After the fecal extract before the noise stimulation and the fecal extract after the noise stimulation are obtained, the invention adopts an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to test the content of corticosterone in the fecal extract before the noise stimulation and the fecal extract after the noise stimulation respectively. In the present invention, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent method preferably comprises the steps of:
diluting the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation or the excrement after noise stimulation by using a phosphate buffer solution to obtain a liquid to be tested;
and (3) measuring the content of the corticosterone in the liquid to be measured by adopting an ELISA quantitative test kit.
The invention uses phosphate buffer solution to dilute the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation or the excrement after noise stimulation to obtain the liquid to be tested; in the present invention, the phosphate buffer is preferably sodium phosphate buffer (NaH 2 PO 4 /Na 2 HPO 4 ) Or potassium phosphate buffer (K) 2 HPO 4 /KH 2 PO 4 ). In the present invention, the pH of the phosphate buffer is preferably 7.0 to 7.5, more preferably 7.1 to 7.4, and most preferably 7.2 to 7.3; the concentration of the phosphate buffer is preferably 0.018 to 0.022mol/L, more preferably 0.019 to 0.021mol/L, and most preferably 0.02mol/L. In the present invention, the dilution factor is preferably 8 to 12 times, more preferably 9 to 11 times, and most preferably 10 times.
After the liquid to be detected is obtained, the invention adopts an ELISA quantitative test kit to measure the content of the corticosterone in the liquid to be detected. In the present invention, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit is preferably a commercially available product (Shanghai Poyi Biotechnology Co., ltd.). In the present invention, the detection parameters of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit are preferably as follows: the measurement range is preferably 10-500. Mu.g/L, the sensitivity is preferably less than or equal to 1.5. Mu.g/L, the intra-batch variation coefficient is preferably <9%, and the inter-batch variation coefficient is preferably <15%.
The present invention is not particularly limited in the test procedure, and the test is performed by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit well known to those skilled in the art.
After the measurement is completed, the invention calculates the change rate w of the content of corticosterone according to the formula I, and judges the effectiveness of bird repellent of the airport gas cannon;
w＝(R 2 -R 1 )/R 1 a formula I;
w: rate of change of corticosterone content; r is R 1 Is the content of corticosterone in the fecal extract before noise stimulation; r is R 2 Is the content of corticosterone in the fecal extract after noise stimulation.
The method for determining the bird repellent effectiveness of the gas cannon in an airport provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
placing 7 groups of pigeons at positions 10m,30m,50m,70m,90m,110m and 130m away from a gas gun respectively, setting the original decibel value of the gas gun to be 124dB, ringing 1 time every 15 minutes, stimulating for 20 days, collecting feces every 2 days in the noise stimulation process, obtaining feces after 7 groups of noise stimulation, and numbering;
mixing 0.5g of all the feces with 5mL of 90% ethanol solution, oscillating for 20min at 50 times/min, centrifuging for 15min at 2500rpm, and collecting first supernatant and precipitate; mixing the precipitate with 5mL of 90% ethanol solution, oscillating for 20min at 50 times/min, centrifuging for 15min at 2500rpm, and collecting second supernatant; uniformly mixing the first supernatant and the second supernatant to obtain respective corresponding extracting solutions, numbering, storing in a refrigerator at-20 ℃ and testing;
the above extract was diluted 10-fold with phosphate buffer (ph=7.4, 0.02 mol/L) and assayed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (shanghai bang yi biotechnology limited) having detection parameters as follows: measurement range (10-500) μg/L, sensitivity of 1.5 μg/L or less, intra-batch variation coefficient of <9%, and inter-batch variation coefficient of < 15%).
FIG. 1 is a bar graph of the change rate of the fecal corticosterone content of pigeons at different noise source distances and different noise stimulation days at 1/15 min time intervals; FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change rate of the fecal corticosterone content of pigeons under stimulation at different noise source distances when the noise stimulation days are 20 days and the sounding time interval is 1 time/15 min; the figure shows that the gas gun noise stimulus has stronger stress response within the range of being less than 90m from the pigeons, the bird-dispelling effect is better, and the effective period of the gas gun noise stimulus to the stress interference generated by the pigeons can reach 12 days.
Comparative example 1
Placing 20 domestic pigeons with the same growth condition as the domestic pigeons in example 1 in an outdoor birdcage with the growth condition of 130m and 4m, feeding the same food and clean water in the same environment as in example 1, setting a gas gun at one corner of the birdcage after feeding for 4 days, conducting noise stimulation (the original decibel value is 124dB and the sound is 1 time every 15 minutes, the stimulation period is 20 days), respectively installing cameras at the positions of the birdcages which are 10m,30m,50m,70m,90m,110m and 130m from the gas gun, observing the frightening, flying, staying, observing and unresponsive behaviors of the domestic pigeons, recording the results through the cameras, wherein the observation results are shown in figures 3 and 4,
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the percentage of each behavioral response to the total number of pigeon behaviors after pigeons are stimulated by noise for 5 days under different noise source distance conditions; FIG. 4 is a graph showing the percentage of each behavioral response to the total number of pigeons after the pigeons are subjected to noise stimulation (the noise source distance is 10 m) on different noise stimulation days; the figure shows that the adaptation period of the pigeons to the adaptation symptoms generated by the gas gun noise can reach 12 days, and the effective influence distance of the gas gun noise to the pigeons is smaller than 90m.
As can be seen from a comparison of comparative example 1 with example 1, fecal corticosterone levels can be used as an indicator of physiological stress in birds in response to noise stimuli.
From the above embodiments, it can be seen that the method for determining the bird repelling effectiveness of the gas cannon in the airport is feasible.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method of determining the bird repellent effectiveness of an airport gas cannon comprising the steps of:
collecting the feces of birds which are not subjected to the noise stimulation of the gas cannon, and obtaining the feces before the noise stimulation; after the noise stimulation of the gas gun is implemented, the feces of the birds are collected, and the feces after the noise stimulation are obtained;
respectively extracting the excrement before noise stimulation and the excrement after noise stimulation to obtain excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation and excrement extracting solution after noise stimulation;
respectively testing the content of corticosterone in the fecal extract before noise stimulation and the fecal extract after noise stimulation by adopting an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;
calculating the content change rate w of corticosterone according to the formula I, and judging the effectiveness of bird repellent of the airport gas cannon:
w＝(R 2 -R 1 )/R 1 a formula I;
in the formula I, w is the content change rate of corticosterone; r is R 1 Is the content of corticosterone in the fecal extract before noise stimulation; r is R 2 Is noise ofThe content of corticosterone in the feces extraction liquid after acoustic stimulation;
when w is more than or equal to 5%, the airport gas cannon can effectively drive birds;
the frequency of the noise stimulation of the gas gun is 1 time/(5-30) min.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracting comprises the steps of:
respectively mixing the excrement before noise stimulation and the excrement after noise stimulation with an ethanol solution, and sequentially oscillating and centrifuging to obtain supernatant;
the supernatant fluid is respectively fecal extract before noise stimulation and fecal extract after noise stimulation.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the ethanol solution is an aqueous ethanol solution; the mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 85% -95%.
4. A method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the mass ratio of the faeces before or after the noise stimulation to the ethanol solution is (0.4-0.6) g: (8-12) mL.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the enzyme-linked immunosorbent method comprises the steps of:
diluting the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation or the excrement after noise stimulation by using a phosphate buffer solution to obtain a liquid to be tested;
and (3) measuring the content of the corticosterone in the liquid to be measured by adopting an ELISA quantitative test kit.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the pH of the phosphate buffer is 7.0 to 7.5, and the concentration of the phosphate buffer is 0.018 to 0.022mol/L.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the dilution factor is 8-12.
8. The method of any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the detection parameters of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit are:
the measurement range is 10-500 mug/L, the sensitivity is less than or equal to 1.5 mug/L, the intra-batch variation coefficient is less than 9%, and the inter-batch variation coefficient is less than 15%.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the period of the gas cannon noise stimulus is 20 days.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910191441.7A CN111693720B (en) | 2019-03-14 | 2019-03-14 | Method for determining bird-repellent effectiveness of airport gas cannon |
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