CN111693720A - Method for determining bird repelling effectiveness of airport gas cannon - Google Patents
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- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
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- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- OMFXVFTZEKFJBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Corticosterone Natural products O=C1CCC2(C)C3C(O)CC(C)(C(CC4)C(=O)CO)C4C3CCC2=C1 OMFXVFTZEKFJBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- OMFXVFTZEKFJBZ-HJTSIMOOSA-N corticosterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 OMFXVFTZEKFJBZ-HJTSIMOOSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of bird repelling of gas guns, in particular to a method for determining bird repelling effectiveness of a gas gun in an airport. Compared with the behavior observation method in the prior art, the method provided by the invention can determine the corticosterone level of the feces to be used as the physiological stress response index of birds responding to noise stimulation, and obtains the conclusion that the effectiveness of the noise condition of the gas cannon on the noise stimulation of the birds can be effectively determined by measuring the corticosterone level of the birds before and after the noise stimulation of the gas cannon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bird repelling of gas guns, in particular to a method for determining bird repelling effectiveness of a gas gun in an airport.
Background
As is well known, the serious result of airplane damage and death caused by the collision of flying birds with airplanes is that how to prevent the collision of birds to the maximum extent has important significance for the safety of civil or military airplanes. The bird repelling of the gas cannon is one of the main means for repelling birds in an airport at present, and the aim of repelling the birds is achieved mainly by means of high decibel noise generated by gas explosion.
At present, the bird repelling effect of the coal gas gun for repelling birds is mainly observed by behavior, but the method is difficult to quantify in effect evaluation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quantitatively determining bird repelling effectiveness of an airport gas gun.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for determining bird repelling effectiveness of an airport gas gun, which comprises the following steps:
collecting the excrement of the bird which is not subjected to the noise stimulation of the gas gun to obtain the excrement before the noise stimulation; collecting the excrement of the bird after the noise stimulation of the gas gun is carried out to obtain the excrement after the noise stimulation;
respectively extracting the feces before noise stimulation and the feces after noise stimulation to obtain feces extract before noise stimulation and feces extract after noise stimulation;
respectively testing the content of corticosterone in the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation and the content of corticosterone in the excrement extracting solution after noise stimulation by adopting an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;
calculating the change rate w of the content of the corticosterone according to the formula I, and judging the effectiveness of bird repelling of the airport gas gun:
w＝(R2-R1)/R1formula I;
in the formula I, w is the change rate of the content of corticosterone; r1The content of corticosterone in the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation; r2The content of corticosterone in the feces extract after noise stimulation.
Preferably, when the w is more than or equal to 5 percent, the airport gas cannon can effectively drive birds.
Preferably, the extraction comprises the steps of:
respectively mixing the excrement before noise stimulation and the excrement after noise stimulation with an ethanol solution, and sequentially oscillating and centrifuging to obtain supernate;
the supernatant is the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation and the excrement extracting solution after noise stimulation respectively.
Preferably, the ethanol solution is an ethanol water solution; the mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 85-95%.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the mass of the feces before noise stimulation or the feces after noise stimulation to the ethanol solution is (0.4-0.6) g: (8-12) mL.
Preferably, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay comprises the following steps:
diluting the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation or the excrement after noise stimulation by using a phosphate buffer solution to obtain a solution to be detected;
and determining the content of the corticosterone in the solution to be determined by adopting an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay quantitative test kit.
Preferably, the pH value of the phosphate buffer solution is 7.0-7.5, and the concentration of the phosphate buffer solution is 0.018-0.022 mol/L.
Preferably, the dilution factor is 8-12 times.
Preferably, the detection parameters of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent quantitative assay kit are as follows:
the measuring range is 10-500 mu g/L, the sensitivity is less than or equal to 1.5 mu g/L, the variation coefficient in batches is less than 9 percent, and the variation coefficient among batches is less than 15 percent.
Preferably, the period of the gas cannon noise stimulation is 20 days.
The invention provides a method for determining bird repelling effectiveness of an airport gas gun, which comprises the following steps: collecting the excrement of the bird which is not subjected to the noise stimulation of the gas gun to obtain the excrement before the noise stimulation; collecting the excrement of the bird after the noise stimulation of the gas gun is carried out to obtain the excrement after the noise stimulation; respectively extracting the feces before noise stimulation and the feces after noise stimulation to obtain feces extract before noise stimulation and feces extract after noise stimulation; respectively testing the content of corticosterone in the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation and the content of corticosterone in the excrement extracting solution after noise stimulation by adopting an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; calculating the change rate w of the content of the corticosterone according to the formula I, and judging the effectiveness of bird repelling of the airport gas gun: w ═ R2-R1)/R1Formula I; in the formula I, w is the change rate of the content of corticosterone; r1The content of corticosterone in the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation; r2The content of corticosterone in the feces extract after noise stimulation. The invention is based on the prior artComparing behavior observation methods in the technology, the corticosterone level of the feces can be determined to be used as a physiological stress response index of birds responding to noise stimulation, and the conclusion that the effectiveness of noise conditions of the gas cannon on the noise stimulation of the birds can be effectively determined by measuring the bird feces before and after the noise stimulation of the gas cannon is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a bar graph showing the rate of change of the content of corticosterone in pigeon feces after different noise source distances and different noise stimulation days when the sounding time interval is 1/15 min;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the average rate of change of the content of corticosterone in pigeon feces under the stimulation of different noise source distances when the number of noise stimulation days is 20 days and the sounding time interval is 1/15 min;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the percentage of individual behavioral responses to the total number of behaviors of a pigeon, after the pigeon is subjected to noise stimulation for 5 days under different noise source distance conditions;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the percentage of each behavior response to the total number of behaviors of a pigeon after the pigeon is subjected to noise stimulation (the distance of a noise source is 10m) under different noise stimulation days.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for determining bird repelling effectiveness of an airport gas gun, which comprises the following steps:
collecting the excrement of the bird which is not subjected to the noise stimulation of the gas gun to obtain the excrement before the noise stimulation; collecting the excrement of the bird after the noise stimulation of the gas gun is carried out to obtain the excrement after the noise stimulation;
respectively extracting the feces before noise stimulation and the feces after noise stimulation to obtain feces extract before noise stimulation and feces extract after noise stimulation;
respectively testing the content of corticosterone in the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation and the content of corticosterone in the excrement extracting solution after noise stimulation by adopting an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;
calculating the change rate w of the content of the corticosterone according to the formula I, and judging the effectiveness of bird repelling of the airport gas gun:
w＝(R2-R1)/R1formula I;
in the formula I, w is the change rate of the content of corticosterone; r1The content of corticosterone in the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation; r2The content of corticosterone in the feces extract after noise stimulation.
The method comprises the steps of collecting excrement of birds which are not subjected to noise stimulation of a gas gun to obtain the excrement before the noise stimulation; and collecting the excrement of the bird after the noise stimulation of the gas cannon is implemented to obtain the excrement after the noise stimulation. The present invention is not limited to any particular kind of bird, and experiments may be carried out using bird species known to those skilled in the art. In the invention, the bird species are further preferably one or more of magpie, sparrow, doodle, damia wuli crow, pigeon, ash dove, tennons and tennons; when the birds are more than two of the specific choices, the specific proportion of the specific substances is not limited in any way, and the specific substances are mixed according to any proportion.
In the invention, before the excrement of the bird which is not subjected to the noise stimulation of the gas cannon is collected, the bird is preferably subjected to pretreatment; the pretreatment is preferably to feed the birds with the same food and clean water, feed the birds for 4 days, clean the excrement in the cage, and collect the excrement of the birds on the 5 th day. In the present invention, the pretreatment can restore the corticosterone level of birds to a basal value.
The method for collecting the bird droppings is not limited in any way, and the bird droppings can be collected by a sampling method well known to those skilled in the art.
In the invention, the excrement before the noise stimulation is collected has no collection frequency, and the excrement is collected once after the corticosterone level of the bird is restored to a basic value.
The invention collects the feces of birds after the noise stimulation of the gas cannon is implemented, and obtains the feces after the noise stimulation. In the invention, the noise source distance of the gas cannon noise stimulation is preferably 0-130 m, more preferably 0-120 m, and most preferably 0-90 m; the frequency of the noise stimulation of the gas cannon is preferably 1 time/(5-30) min, and more preferably 1 time/(10-25) min; the period of the gas race noise stimulation is preferably 20 days; in the present invention, the period is the total number of days for which the gas cannon noise stimulation is performed. The original decibel value of the noise stimulus of the gas cannon is preferably 124 dB. When the noise source distances of the gas cannon noise stimulation are respectively 10m, 30m, 50m, 70m, 90m, 110m and 130m, the noise stimulation decibel values received by the birds are respectively 122dB, 111dB, 107dB, 104dB, 101dB, 97dB and 95 dB.
In the present invention, the feces after the noise stimulation were collected at the same time on day 2, day 5, day 8, day 11, day 14, day 17 and day 20, respectively, during the period.
After the collection is finished, the excrement before the noise stimulation and the excrement after the noise stimulation are respectively extracted to obtain the excrement extracting solution before the noise stimulation and the excrement extracting solution after the noise stimulation. In the present invention, the extraction preferably comprises the steps of:
respectively mixing the excrement before noise stimulation or the excrement after noise stimulation with an ethanol solution, and sequentially oscillating and centrifuging to obtain supernatant;
the supernatant is the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation or the excrement extracting solution after noise stimulation respectively.
In the invention, the ethanol solution is an ethanol aqueous solution; the mass concentration of the ethanol solution is preferably 85-95%, more preferably 88-92%, and most preferably 90%; the ethanol solution is preferably an aqueous ethanol solution.
In the present invention, the ratio of the mass of the feces before or after the noise stimulation to the volume of the ethanol solution is preferably (0.4 to 0.6) g: (8-12) mL, more preferably (0.45-0.55) g: (9-11) mL, most preferably 0.5 g: 10 mL.
In the present invention, the mixing preferably comprises the steps of:
mixing the feces before noise stimulation or the feces after noise stimulation with part of ethanol solution, oscillating for 20min under the condition of 50 times/min, and centrifuging for 15min under the condition of 2500rpm to obtain a first supernatant and a precipitate;
mixing the precipitate with the rest ethanol solution, oscillating for 15min at a frequency of 50 times/min, and centrifuging for 15min at a rotation speed of 2500rpm to obtain a second supernatant;
mixing the first supernatant and the second supernatant to obtain a supernatant.
In the invention, the ratio of the partial ethanol solution to the residual ethanol solution is preferably 1: 1; the present invention does not have any particular limitation on the mixing of the first supernatant and the second supernatant, and the two supernatants are mixed uniformly by a mixing process well known to those skilled in the art.
In the invention, the obtained excrement or excrement extracting solution is preferably tested in time; if the obtained feces or feces extract cannot be treated in time, the feces before noise stimulation, the feces after noise stimulation, the feces extract before noise stimulation or the feces extract after noise stimulation are preferably stored in a refrigerator at-20 ℃ and measured.
After the fecal extracting solution before noise stimulation and the fecal extracting solution after noise stimulation are obtained, the method adopts an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to respectively test the content of corticosterone in the fecal extracting solution before noise stimulation and the content of corticosterone in the fecal extracting solution after noise stimulation. In the present invention, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay preferably comprises the following steps:
diluting the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation or the excrement after noise stimulation by using a phosphate buffer solution to obtain a solution to be detected;
and determining the content of the corticosterone in the solution to be determined by adopting an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay quantitative test kit.
Diluting the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation or the excrement after noise stimulation by using a phosphoric acid buffer solution to obtain a solution to be detected; in the present invention, the phosphate buffer is preferably a sodium phosphate buffer (NaH)2PO4/Na2HPO4) Or potassium phosphate buffer (K)2HPO4/KH2PO4). In the invention, the pH value of the phosphate buffer is preferably 7.0-7.5, more preferably 7.1-7.4, and most preferably 7.2-7.3; the concentration of the phosphate buffer solution is preferably 0.018-0.022 mol/L, more preferably 0.019-0.021 mol/L, and most preferably 0.02 mol/L. In the present invention, the dilution factor is preferably 8 to 12 times, more preferably 9 to 11 times, and most preferably 10 times.
After the solution to be detected is obtained, the invention adopts an enzyme-linked immunosorbent quantitative test kit to determine the corticosterone content of the solution to be detected. In the present invention, the enzyme-linked immunoassay quantitative test kit is preferably a commercially available product (Shanghai Bangyi Biotech Co., Ltd.). In the invention, the detection parameters of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent quantitative assay kit are preferably as follows: the measurement range is preferably 10-500 [ mu ] g/L, the sensitivity is preferably less than or equal to 1.5 [ mu ] g/L, the intra-batch variation coefficient is preferably less than 9%, and the inter-batch variation coefficient is preferably less than 15%.
The test process is not limited in any way, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit is used for determination by adopting a method well known to a person skilled in the art.
After the determination is finished, calculating the change rate w of the content of corticosterone according to the formula I, and judging the effectiveness of bird repelling of the airport gas gun;
w＝(R2-R1)/R1formula I;
w: rate of change of corticosterone content; r1The content of corticosterone in the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation; r2The content of corticosterone in the feces extract after noise stimulation.
The method for determining bird repelling effectiveness of an airport gas cannon provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to the following examples, but the method cannot be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Feeding 7 groups of 5 domestic pigeons with the same food and clean water for 4 days, cleaning the feces in the process, collecting the feces on the 5 th day to obtain the feces before noise stimulation of the 7 groups, and numbering;
respectively placing the 7 groups of domestic pigeons at positions 10m, 30m, 50m, 70m, 90m, 110m and 130m away from a gas cannon, setting the original decibel value of the gas cannon to be 124dB, sounding for 1 time every 15 minutes, and acquiring and numbering 7 groups of feces after noise stimulation every 2 days in the noise stimulation process, wherein the stimulation period is 20 days;
respectively mixing 0.5g of the excrement with 5mL of 90% ethanol solution, oscillating for 20min under the condition that the oscillation frequency is 50 times/min, centrifuging for 15min under the condition that the rotation speed is 2500rpm, and collecting a first supernatant and a precipitate; mixing the precipitate with 5mL of 90% ethanol solution, oscillating for 20min at an oscillation frequency of 50 times/min, centrifuging for 15min at a rotation speed of 2500rpm, and collecting a second supernatant; uniformly mixing the first supernatant and the second supernatant to obtain respective corresponding extracting solutions, numbering, storing in a refrigerator at-20 ℃ to be tested;
the extracting solution is diluted by 10 times by adopting a phosphate buffer solution (pH is 7.4 and 0.02mol/L), and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent quantitative determination kit (Shanghai Bangyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) is adopted for determination (the detection parameters of the kit are that the determination range is (10-500) mu g/L, the sensitivity is less than or equal to 1.5 mu g/L, the variation coefficient in batches is less than 9 percent, and the variation coefficient between batches is less than 15 percent).
FIG. 1 is a bar graph showing the rate of change of the fecal corticosterone content of a pigeon after different noise source distances and different noise stimulation days when the occurrence time interval is 1/15 min; FIG. 2 is a graph showing the rate of change of the content of corticosterone in pigeon feces under the stimulation of different noise source distances when the number of noise stimulation days is 20 days and the sounding time interval is 1/15 min; as can be seen from the figure, the noise stimulation of the gas cannon has stronger stress response within the range of less than 90m from the pigeon, the bird repelling effect is better, and the effective period of the stress interference of the noise stimulation of the gas cannon on the pigeon can reach 12 days.
Comparative example 1
20 pigeon of the same growth status as that of example 1 were placed in an outdoor birdcage of 130m 4m, given the same food and clean water under the same environment as example 1, and after feeding for 4 days, a gas cannon was installed at one corner of the birdcage, noise stimulation was performed with the gas cannon (initial decibel value of 124dB was performed every 15 minutes for 1 time, stimulation period was 20 days), cameras were installed at positions 10m, 30m, 50m, 70m, 90m, 110m and 130m away from the gas cannon, respectively, and behavior of the pigeon, such as frightened flight, flying-stage staying, observation and non-reaction, and the results were recorded by the cameras, as shown in fig. 3 and 4,
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the percentage of individual behavioral responses to the total number of behaviors of a pigeon, after the pigeon is subjected to noise stimulation for 5 days under different noise source distance conditions; FIG. 4 is a graph showing the percentage of each behavior response to the total number of behaviors of a pigeon after the pigeon is subjected to noise stimulation (noise source distance is 10m) under different noise stimulation days; as can be seen from the figure, the adaptation period of the pigeon to the adaptation symptoms generated by the noise of the gas cannon can reach 12 days, and the effective influence distance of the noise of the gas cannon on the pigeon is less than 90 m.
As can be seen from a comparison of comparative example 1 with example 1, fecal corticosterone levels serve as an indicator of the physiological stress response of birds in response to noise stimuli.
The method for determining the bird repelling effectiveness of the airport gas cannon is feasible.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for determining bird repelling effectiveness of an airport gas gun comprises the following steps:
collecting the excrement of the bird which is not subjected to the noise stimulation of the gas gun to obtain the excrement before the noise stimulation; collecting the excrement of the bird after the noise stimulation of the gas gun is carried out to obtain the excrement after the noise stimulation;
respectively extracting the feces before noise stimulation and the feces after noise stimulation to obtain feces extract before noise stimulation and feces extract after noise stimulation;
respectively testing the content of corticosterone in the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation and the content of corticosterone in the excrement extracting solution after noise stimulation by adopting an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;
calculating the change rate w of the content of the corticosterone according to the formula I, and judging the effectiveness of bird repelling of the airport gas gun:
w＝(R2-R1)/R1formula I;
in the formula I, w is the change rate of the content of corticosterone; r1The content of corticosterone in the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation; r2The content of corticosterone in the feces extract after noise stimulation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the airport gas cannon is effective to repel birds when w is greater than or equal to 5%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracting comprises the steps of:
respectively mixing the excrement before noise stimulation and the excrement after noise stimulation with an ethanol solution, and sequentially oscillating and centrifuging to obtain supernate;
the supernatant is the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation and the excrement extracting solution after noise stimulation respectively.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the ethanol solution is an aqueous ethanol solution; the mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 85-95%.
5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the mass of the feces before or after the noise stimulus to the volume of the ethanol solution is (0.4-0.6) g: (8-12) mL.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay comprises the steps of:
diluting the excrement extracting solution before noise stimulation or the excrement after noise stimulation by using a phosphate buffer solution to obtain a solution to be detected;
and determining the content of the corticosterone in the solution to be determined by adopting an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay quantitative test kit.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the pH of the phosphate buffer is 7.0 to 7.5, and the concentration of the phosphate buffer is 0.018 to 0.022 mol/L.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the dilution is by a factor of 8 to 12.
9. The method of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the detection parameters of the ELISA kit are as follows:
the measuring range is 10-500 mu g/L, the sensitivity is less than or equal to 1.5 mu g/L, the variation coefficient in batches is less than 9 percent, and the variation coefficient among batches is less than 15 percent.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the period of the gas cannon noise stimulus is 20 days.
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