CN111693280B - Pneumatic bearing rotating speed measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
Pneumatic bearing rotating speed measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pneumatic bearing rotating speed measuring device which comprises a rotor shaft, a first measured bearing and a second measured bearing, wherein the rotor shaft is used for the interference fit installation of the first measured bearing and the second measured bearing; the box body is provided with a first fixed tile clamped on the first outer ring in a primary-secondary mode and a second fixed tile clamped on the second outer ring in a primary-secondary mode; the box body is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; and a fluorescent strip for monitoring the laser velocimeter is arranged at the outer end part of the first inner ring. The invention also discloses a measuring method using the device. The laser velocimeter receives a light pulse signal reflected by an object during rotation, the rotating speed of the bearing is monitored in real time after processing, and whether the bearing has a fault or not is analyzed through rotating speed change. The invention can realize wide rotating speed, is suitable for bearings of different specifications, has accurate measurement and low cost, and is intuitive in bearing fault judgment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing performance testing, relates to rotating speed measurement in bearing performance testing, and particularly relates to a pneumatic bearing rotating speed measuring device and a measuring method.
Background
The bearing is an important part in the modern mechanical equipment. Its main function is to support the mechanical rotator, reduce the friction coefficient in its motion process and ensure its rotation precision. With the progress of industrial modernization, mechanical equipment develops to high speed and high power, the requirements on various aspects of performance of a bearing are higher and higher, and the bearing is easy to generate fatigue wear so as to cause failure. Therefore, it is very important and necessary to perform performance test analysis on the bearing, so that the loss of the bearing caused by the operation of mechanical equipment can be effectively prevented. At present, in the prior art, the analysis of the rotating speed of the bearing is mostly realized by adopting an electric spindle to provide rotation for the bearing and acquiring the real-time rotating speed of a motor through an encoder or a corresponding position sensor, and the fault analysis in an experimental system is realized by installing a corresponding vibration sensor. Along with the continuous development of scientific technology, the requirements on the rotating speed and the performance of the bearing are higher and higher, the following defects exist in the process of measuring the rotating speed of the bearing by using the electric spindle encoder:
1. the bearing rotating speed measuring system realized in the electric spindle mode has a complex structure and high experimental cost;
2. the bearing speed measuring system formed by the encoder or the position sensor is not only complex but also high in cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a pneumatic bearing rotating speed measuring device and a measuring method, which are simple in structure, low in cost, small in measuring error and suitable for measuring the rotating speed of a bearing, aiming at the current situation of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a pneumatic bearing rotating speed measuring device comprises a rotor shaft used in a first tested bearing and a second tested bearing in interference fit installation, wherein the first tested bearing comprises a first inner ring and a first outer ring, the second tested bearing comprises a second inner ring and a second outer ring, an impeller is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the rotor shaft, and a box body which is buckled in a primary-secondary mode is arranged outside the impeller; the box body is provided with a first fixed tile clamped on the first outer ring in a primary-secondary mode and a second fixed tile clamped on the second outer ring in a primary-secondary mode; the box body is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; and a fluorescent strip for monitoring the laser velocimeter is arranged at the outer end part of the first inner ring.
The air inlet is connected with an air inlet pipe, the air outlet is connected with an air outlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are coaxially and oppositely arranged.
One end of the air inlet pipe is connected with a funnel-shaped composite air inlet cylinder, and one end of the air outlet pipe is connected with a funnel-shaped composite air outlet cylinder.
The first gland and the first support are buckled on the periphery of the composite air inlet cylinder in a primary-secondary mode, and the first gland and the first support are fixedly connected through a first screw; and the second gland and the second support are fixedly connected through a second screw.
The inner pipelines of the composite air inlet cylinder, the air inlet pipe, the air outlet pipe and the composite air outlet cylinder are all positioned on the same axis and are vertical to the rotor shaft.
A measuring method of a pneumatic bearing rotating speed measuring device is applied:
firstly, air is supplied through an air inlet, and air is discharged from an air outlet to drive an impeller and a rotor shaft to rotate so as to drive a first inner ring and a second inner ring to rotate;
and secondly, emitting laser to the fluorescent strip by the laser velocimeter, reflecting a beam of light to the laser velocimeter when the fluorescent strip passes through the laser line, recording the return light by the laser velocimeter and counting, and calculating the rotating speeds of the first bearing to be measured and the second bearing to be measured by circularly receiving the quantity of the reflected light in one period. And observing whether the rotating speeds of the first measured bearing and the second measured bearing change or not when the air intake is unchanged, if the rotating speeds of the first measured bearing and the second measured bearing change, indicating that the first measured bearing and the second measured bearing possibly break down, stopping the experiment, disassembling the first measured bearing and the second measured bearing, and observing whether the first measured bearing and the second measured bearing break down or not through related equipment.
On the basis of the measuring method, one end of the rotor shaft is provided with an electromagnetic coil generating set, and the electromagnetic coil generating set is provided with a current probe for monitoring current information of the electromagnetic coil generating set; measuring current information in the electromagnetic coil generating device by using a current probe; using oscilloscope analysis to obtain a stator current frequency use formula:
wherein n' is the magnetic field change rate of the electromagnetic coil power generation device, n is the rotating speed of a rotor shaft, f is the frequency, and p is the number of pole pairs;
thirdly, calculating the rotating speed n of the rotor shaft, namely the rotating speed r of the first tested bearing and the second tested bearing;
fourthly, calculating the fault frequency:
Single fault frequency of rolling bodies of the first tested bearing and the second tested bearing = and
retainer outer ring fault frequency = of first tested bearing and second tested bearing
Wherein r is the rotating speed of the bearing, unit: rotating per minute; z: the number of the balls; d is the diameter of the rolling body; d, bearing pitch diameter; α: contact angle of the rolling body.
The wind-driven bearing rotating speed detection method mainly depends on wind to provide power to provide rotating speed for a bearing, and uses a laser velocimeter to measure the rotating speed. The method utilizes wind to drive the fan blades to rotate the shaft so as to drive the bearing to rotate, and gets rid of the dependence on the rotating speed provided by the electric main shaft for the bearing. The method for measuring the rotating speed of the bearing adopts non-contact rotating speed measurement, so that the influence of an additional sensor on an experimental system is avoided, the detection accuracy is improved, the non-contact rotating speed measurement is not limited by the distance, the distance measuring instrument can be randomly changed within the effective range of the laser velocimeter, the more reasonable position can be placed, and the detection convenience is improved. The laser velocimeter uses laser as light source, and a piece of directional reflection material is stuck on the surface of the measured object. And receiving the optical pulse signal reflected by the object when the object rotates by using the photoelectric tube, and reflecting the rotating speed of the object to be measured in real time by processing the optical pulse signal. And analyzing whether the bearing has a fault or not through the change of the rotating speed of the bearing. The rotating speed of a bearing which is in operation is different from the rotating speed of a normal bearing under the same acting force, and the rotating speed can be changed due to the fact that the bearing is stressed to change due to the fault. Compared with other bearing rotating speed measuring methods, the pneumatic rotating speed bearing rotating speed measuring method gets rid of dependence on an electric spindle, uses a more accurate and convenient measuring laser velocimeter, simplifies the structure and reduces the experiment cost.
Compared with the prior art, the wind-driven bearing rotating speed measuring device comprises a rotor shaft used in a first tested bearing and a second tested bearing in interference fit installation, wherein the first tested bearing comprises a first inner ring and a first outer ring, the second tested bearing comprises a second inner ring and a second outer ring, an impeller is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the rotor shaft, and a box body which is buckled in a primary-secondary mode is arranged outside the impeller; the box body is provided with a first fixed tile clamped on the first outer ring in a primary-secondary mode and a second fixed tile clamped on the second outer ring in a primary-secondary mode; the box body is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; and a fluorescent strip for monitoring the laser velocimeter is arranged at the outer end part of the first inner ring. The invention also has the following beneficial effects:
1. wide rotating speed and is suitable for bearings of different specifications. The method can increase the rotating speed of the bearing by increasing the acting force of wind power on the fan blades, and meanwhile, the bearing can be switched in a wider range, so that the requirements for different rotating speed tests are met. The rotating speed experiment and measurement of bearings with different dimensions can be realized by replacing rotors with different dimensions.
2. The measurement is accurate, and the cost is low. The laser velocimeter is used for measuring the rotating speed of the bearing in real time, so that errors of the whole experiment system caused by an additional sensor are avoided. The requirement on the error of the system in the field of high rotating speed is very high, the problem can be well solved through non-contact measurement, the influence on an experimental system is reduced without additionally installing a sensor, the experimental cost is saved, and the detection accuracy is improved.
3. Bearing fault judgment is more intuitive. The wind acting force of the rotor is controlled to be unchanged, the bearing reaches a stable rotating speed, the real-time rotating speed displayed by the laser velocimeter can be observed, the rotating speed is influenced to change when the bearing breaks down, and experimental data can be found and recorded in time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of the impeller, the box body, the first measured bearing and the second measured bearing in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the rear view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the air inlet duct and the air inlet of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the outlet duct and outlet;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment.
Wherein the reference numbers are: the device comprises a first screw 1, a composite air inlet cylinder 2, a composite air outlet cylinder 3, an air inlet pipe 4, an air inlet 41, an air outlet pipe 5, an air outlet 51, a second screw 6, a first support 7, a first gland 8, a second support 9, a second gland 10, a box body 11, a first measured bearing 12, a first inner ring 121, a first outer ring 122, a second measured bearing 13, a second inner ring 131, a second outer ring 132, an impeller 14, a fluorescent strip 15, a rotor shaft 16, a first fixed tile 18, a second fixed tile 19, a laser velocimeter 20, a solenoid coil generating device 21 and a current probe 22.
Detailed Description
The bearing comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, a retainer and a rolling body. The inner ring and the outer ring referred to herein refer to the first inner ring 121 and the first outer ring 122 of the first measured bearing 12, and the second inner ring 131 and the second outer ring 132 of the second measured bearing 13.
In a first embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, a wind-driven bearing rotation speed measuring device includes a rotor shaft 16 used in a first measured bearing 12 and a second measured bearing 13 in interference fit installation, the first measured bearing 12 includes a first inner ring 121 and a first outer ring 122, the second measured bearing 13 includes a second inner ring 131 and a second outer ring 132, an impeller 14 is coaxially fixed on the rotor shaft 16, and a snap-fit box 11 is provided outside the impeller 14; the box body is provided with a first fixed tile 18 clamped on the first outer ring 122 in a primary-secondary mode and a second fixed tile 19 clamped on the second outer ring 132 in a primary-secondary mode; the box body 11 is provided with an air inlet 41 and an air outlet 51; the outer end of the first inner coil 121 is provided with a phosphor strip 15 for monitoring by the laser velocimeter 20.
In the embodiment, the air inlet 41 is connected with an air inlet pipe 4, the air outlet 51 is connected with an air outlet pipe 5, and the air inlet pipe 4 and the air outlet pipe 5 are coaxially arranged oppositely. The air flow can directly impact the impeller 14 from the air inlet pipe 4 and can be discharged from the air outlet pipe 5, and the loss of the air flow impacting the box body 11 is reduced.
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, one end of the air inlet pipe 4 is connected with a funnel-shaped composite air inlet cylinder 2, and one end of the air outlet pipe 5 is connected with a funnel-shaped composite air outlet cylinder 3. The funnel-shaped composite air inlet cylinder 2 can compress the entering air flow and intensively fill the air inlet pipe 4, and the funnel-shaped composite air outlet cylinder 3 can be used for rapidly reducing the air flow density in the composite air outlet cylinder 3, thereby being beneficial to discharging the air flow in the box body 11.
In the embodiment, a first gland 8 and a first support 7 are buckled on the periphery of the composite air inlet cylinder 2 in a primary-secondary mode, and the first gland 8 and the first support 7 are fixedly connected through a first screw 1; the outer periphery of the composite air outlet cylinder 3 is buckled with a second gland 10 and a second support 9, and the second gland 10 and the second support 9 are fixedly connected through a second screw 6.
In the embodiment, the inner pipelines of the composite air inlet cylinder 2, the air inlet pipe 4, the air outlet pipe 5 and the composite air outlet cylinder 3 are all on the same axis and are perpendicular to the rotor shaft 16.
In the embodiment, a measuring method of a pneumatic bearing rotating speed measuring device is applied:
firstly, air is supplied through the air inlet 41, and air is discharged from the air outlet 51 to drive the impeller 14 and the rotor shaft 16 to rotate, so that the first inner ring 121 and the second inner ring 131 are driven to rotate;
in the second step, the laser velocimeter 20 emits laser light to the phosphor stripe 15, the phosphor stripe 15 reflects a light beam to the laser velocimeter 20 when passing through the laser line, and the laser velocimeter 20 records the return light and counts the return light, thereby cyclically calculating the number of reflected lights received in one cycle to calculate the rotation speed of the first and second bearings 12 and 13. And observing whether the rotating speeds of the first tested bearing 12 and the second tested bearing 13 change or not when the intake air is unchanged, if the rotating speeds of the first tested bearing 12 and the second tested bearing 13 change, indicating that the first tested bearing 12 and the second tested bearing 13 possibly have faults, stopping the experiment, disassembling the first tested bearing 12 and the second tested bearing 13, and observing whether the first tested bearing 12 and the second tested bearing 13 have faults or not through related equipment.
In the second embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, new technical features are added on the basis of the first embodiment, one end of the rotor shaft 16 is provided with an electromagnetic coil power generation device 21, and the electromagnetic coil power generation device 21 is provided with a current probe 22 for monitoring current information of the electromagnetic coil power generation device; measuring current information in the electromagnetic coil power generation device 21 using the current probe 22; obtaining a stator current frequency use formula by using oscilloscope analysis:
wherein n' is the magnetic field change rate of the electromagnetic coil generating set 21, n is the rotating speed of the rotor shaft 16, f is the frequency, and p is the number of pole pairs;
thirdly, calculating the rotating speed n of the rotor shaft 16, namely the rotating speed r of the first measured bearing 12 and the second measured bearing 13;
step four, calculating the fault frequency:
Rolling element single failure frequency = of first measured bearing 12 and second measured bearing 13
Cage outer ring fault frequency = of first measured bearing 12 and second measured bearing 13
Wherein r is the rotating speed of the bearing, and the unit is as follows: rotating per minute; n: the number of the balls; d is the diameter of the rolling body; d, bearing pitch diameter; α: the contact angle of the rolling body.
Therefore, the current signal of the electromagnetic coil generating device 21 is further analyzed, the rotation speed of the first bearing to be detected 12 and the rotation speed of the second bearing to be detected 13 can be detected in real time under the condition that no additional sensor is needed, and whether the detected bearings are in fault or not can be judged. The current signal of the electromagnetic coil generating device 21 contains abundant tested bearing state signals. The motor mathematical model analysis shows that:
(is a current signal, P is the number of pole pairs of the motor 1,is the frequency of rotation of the rotor shaft 6,for the frequency of the point of failure,fault currents of d axis and q axis at fault) can be seen by the formula, and the current signal contains fault frequency. And converting the time domain signal into a frequency domain signal by using a Fourier function, and decomposing the fault signal. When the device is operated, the rotating speed signal of the bearing can be detected, and whether a fault signal of the detected bearing exists can be found. If the test is stopped in time and the damage condition of the tested bearing is recorded and checked.
The second embodiment can be used as an auxiliary measuring device in the first embodiment to confirm the accuracy of the measuring method in the first embodiment.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated, various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a wind dynamic formula bearing speed of rotation measuring device, is including rotor shaft (16) that is used for interference fit installation first bearing under test (12) and second bearing under test (13), first bearing under test (12) include first inner circle (121) and first outer lane (122), second bearing under test (13) include second inner circle (131) and second outer lane (132), characterized by: an impeller (14) is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the rotor shaft (16), and a box body (11) which is buckled in a primary-secondary mode is arranged outside the impeller (14); the box body is provided with a first fixed tile (18) clamped on the first outer ring (122) in a primary-secondary mode and a second fixed tile (19) clamped on the second outer ring (132) in a primary-secondary mode; the box body (11) is provided with an air inlet (41) and an air outlet (51); a fluorescent strip (15) for monitoring the laser velocimeter (20) is arranged at the outer end part of the first inner ring (121);
the air inlet (41) is connected with an air inlet pipe (4), the air outlet (51) is connected with an air outlet pipe (5), and the air inlet pipe (4) and the air outlet pipe (5) are coaxially and oppositely arranged;
one end of the air inlet pipe (4) is connected with a funnel-shaped composite air inlet cylinder (2), and one end of the air outlet pipe (5) is connected with a funnel-shaped composite air outlet cylinder (3);
the composite air inlet cylinder (2) is characterized in that a first gland (8) and a first support (7) are buckled on the periphery of the composite air inlet cylinder in a primary-secondary mode, and the first gland (8) is fixedly connected with the first support (7) through a first screw (1); a second gland (10) and a second support (9) are buckled on the outer periphery of the composite air outlet cylinder (3), and the second gland (10) and the second support (9) are fixedly connected through a second screw (6);
the inner pipelines of the composite air inlet cylinder (2), the air inlet pipe (4), the air outlet pipe (5) and the composite air outlet cylinder (3) are all positioned on the same axis and are vertical to the rotor shaft (16);
one end of the rotor shaft (16) is provided with an electromagnetic coil generating set (21), and the electromagnetic coil generating set (21) is provided with a current probe (22) for monitoring current information of the electromagnetic coil generating set.
2. The method for measuring the rotating speed of the pneumatic bearing, which is applied to the device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
firstly, air is supplied through an air inlet (41), and air is discharged from an air outlet (51) to drive an impeller (14) and a rotor shaft (16) to rotate, so that a first inner ring (121) and a second inner ring (131) are driven to rotate;
secondly, the laser velocimeter (20) emits laser to the fluorescent strip (15), the fluorescent strip (15) reflects a light to the laser velocimeter (20) when passing through the laser, the laser velocimeter (20) records the return light and counts, and the number of the reflected light received in one cycle is used to calculate the rotating speed of the first measured bearing (12) and the second measured bearing (13); observing whether the rotating speeds of the first tested bearing (12) and the second tested bearing (13) change or not when the air intake is unchanged, if the rotating speeds of the first tested bearing (12) and the second tested bearing (13) change, indicating that the first tested bearing (12) and the second tested bearing (13) possibly have faults, stopping the experiment, disassembling the first tested bearing (12) and the second tested bearing (13), and observing whether the first tested bearing (12) and the second tested bearing (13) have faults or not through related equipment;
measuring current information in the electromagnetic coil power generation device (21) by using a current probe (22); using oscilloscope analysis to obtain a stator current frequency use formula:
wherein n' is the magnetic field change rate of the electromagnetic coil generating set (21), n is the rotating speed of the rotor shaft (16), f is the frequency, and p is the number of pole pairs;
thirdly, calculating the rotating speed n of the rotor shaft (16), namely the rotating speed r of the first tested bearing (12) and the second tested bearing (13);
step four, calculating the fault frequency:
outer ring fault frequency = of first tested bearing (12) and second tested bearing (13)
Inner ring fault frequency = of first tested bearing (12) and second tested bearing (13)
Single fault frequency of rolling bodies of the first tested bearing (12) and the second tested bearing (13) = frequency of rolling body faults
Cage outer ring fault frequency = of first tested bearing (12) and second tested bearing (13)
Wherein r is the rotating speed of the bearing, unit: rotating per minute; z: the number of the balls; d is the diameter of the rolling body; d, bearing pitch diameter; α: contact angle of the rolling body.
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CN102393268A (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2012-03-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Apparatus used for measuring ultra-high rotating speed impeller spindle torque |
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