CN113624329A - Non-contact blade vibration measuring device and method - Google Patents

Non-contact blade vibration measuring device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113624329A
CN113624329A CN202110783258.3A CN202110783258A CN113624329A CN 113624329 A CN113624329 A CN 113624329A CN 202110783258 A CN202110783258 A CN 202110783258A CN 113624329 A CN113624329 A CN 113624329A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
blade
vibration
sensor
signal
blades
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CN202110783258.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
谢晋
何万江
袁经文
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Nanjing Zhibo Measurement And Control Technology Co ltd
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Nanjing Zhibo Measurement And Control Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202110783258.3A priority Critical patent/CN113624329A/en
Publication of CN113624329A publication Critical patent/CN113624329A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01HMEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H11/00Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
    • G01H11/02Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by magnetic means, e.g. reluctance

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-contact blade vibration measuring device and a non-contact blade vibration measuring method, which relate to the field of detection and comprise a driving device, a base, a blade top information acquisition device, an adjusting assembly and a blade root information acquisition device; the driving device is used for driving the blades to rotate on the base; the blade top information acquisition device is used for acquiring an arrival signal of the blade top of the blade and transmitting the signal to the background computer for recording; the adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the position of the blade top information acquisition device; the blade root information acquisition device is used for acquiring an arrival signal of a blade root and transmitting the arrival signal to the background computer for recording; the protection casing that will fix the leaf top sensor designs into the structure that can rotation regulation, after every measurement a set of data, can adjust the position of leaf top sensor, later measures again, and the blade vibration condition of each position can be mastered comprehensively to many times measurement, has compensatied traditional measurement process in, measured data is less, is unfavorable for blade vibration test's accurate to develop.

Description

Non-contact blade vibration measuring device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of testing, in particular to a non-contact blade vibration measuring device and method.
Background
The blades of a turbine engine need to be measured for vibration during operation of the blades after production to ensure that the blades can function properly.
The position of a sensor in the traditional measuring process is mostly fixed, the vibration amplitude of the blade at different positions is different when the blade runs due to the existence of gravity, and as the number and distribution of the sensors are limited in practical application, a plurality of sensors are usually selected to be installed at several positions, one is to use 3-5 sensors to measure at equal intervals, namely to install one sensor at intervals of 120 degrees or 72 degrees; the second is that 4 sensors are installed at equal intervals with a small angle, the last is a 5+2 method, and 7 sensors are installed at clockwise included angles of 48 degrees, 72 degrees, 48 degrees, 24 degrees, 72 degrees and 24 degrees respectively. The mounting methods only select a plurality of typical position points for detection, and the number of the mounted sensors is small, so that the data obtained after the test is small, the blade vibration conditions at all positions are difficult to comprehensively test and analyze, and the common sensor mounting is difficult to meet the requirements of various mounting modes at the same time.
If the quantity of the sensors is simply increased to acquire the collected data at more positions, the measurement difficulty is inevitably increased, and if the failure condition of the individual sensors occurs, the monitoring accuracy is also seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a non-contact blade vibration measuring device and method to solve the above-mentioned problems occurring in the prior art.
The non-contact blade vibration measuring device comprises a driving device, a base, a blade top information acquisition device, an adjusting assembly and a blade root information acquisition device;
the driving device is used for driving the blades to rotate on the base;
the blade top information acquisition device is used for acquiring an arrival signal of the blade top of the blade and transmitting the signal to the background computer for recording;
the adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the position of the blade top information acquisition device so as to acquire blade vibration data at different positions;
the blade root information acquisition device is used for acquiring an arrival signal of a blade root and transmitting the arrival signal to the background computer for recording;
preferably, the driving device comprises a driving motor and a rotating shaft, the driving motor is connected with the rotating shaft through a coupler, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the base through a bearing, and the blades are fixedly connected with the rotating shaft.
Preferably, the blade top information acquisition device includes protection casing and blade top sensor, and the outside of blade is located to the protection casing, and with the coaxial setting of pivot, the protection casing passes through the bearing and is connected with the base rotation, and the equidistance is equipped with four mounting holes on the protection casing, fixedly connected with blade top sensor in the mounting hole, and blade top sensor is used for gathering the time point data that the blade top arrived the sensor below to transmit to backstage computer.
Preferably, the adjusting component comprises an adjusting motor, a worm and a worm wheel, the worm wheel is fixedly connected with the protective cover, the worm is meshed with the worm wheel and is rotatably connected to the front wall of the base, one end of the worm is fixedly connected with a driven bevel gear, the motor is fixedly connected with the base, and an output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with a driving bevel gear meshed with the driven bevel gear.
Preferably, the blade root information acquisition device comprises a signal wheel and a blade root sensor, the signal wheel is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft, a plurality of signal teeth are arranged on the signal wheel at equal intervals, the number of the signal teeth is the same as that of the blades, the positions of the signal teeth correspond to the positions of the blade roots of the blades, the blade root sensor is located above the signal wheel and is fixedly connected with the base, and the blade root sensor is used for acquiring time point data when the signal teeth reach the lower portion of the blade root sensor and transmitting the time point data to the background computer.
Preferably, the blade top sensor and the blade root sensor can both adopt Hall sensors.
Preferably, the method for measuring the blade vibration by using the non-contact blade vibration measuring device comprises the following specific steps:
the adjusting assembly is kept still initially, the protective cover is located at an initial position, namely the blade top sensor is located at the initial position, the driving device drives the blade to rotate on the base, when the blade does not vibrate, the moment of detecting the blade top by the blade top sensor is the same as the moment of detecting a signal tooth corresponding to the blade root of the same blade by the blade root sensor, when the blade vibrates, the blade deforms and bends, a time difference delta T exists between the moment of detecting the blade top by the blade top sensor and the moment of detecting the blade root by the blade root sensor, meanwhile, the blade root sensor can acquire the time T required by one circle of rotation of the rotating shaft, the angular speed of the rotating shaft is 360 DEG/T, the unit of the angular speed is degree per second, namely the angle of rotation per second, and the position of the blade after vibration has an included angle delta T360 DEG/T relative to the position of the blade without vibration, the circumference of a circle is known to be 2 pi r, r is the length of a blade, so that the arc length between the blades in a vibration state and a non-vibration state can be calculated to be 2 pi r delta T360 degrees (T360 degrees), the arc length after conversion is 2 pi r delta T/T, the arc length is the amplitude of the blade, the vibration information of all the blades can be acquired after the rotating shaft rotates one circle, four blade top sensors can acquire the vibration information of the blades at four positions at the same time, and the vibration amplitudes of the blades at the four positions are different due to gravity factors;
in order to obtain more blade vibration data of different acquisition points, after a complete number of blade vibration signals are acquired, the adjusting assembly drives the protective cover to rotate by a fixed angle, so that the positions of the four blade top sensors are changed, blade vibration information at other positions can be detected, more acquisition data can be obtained by rotating the protective cover for many times, and more data are provided for blade vibration tests.
The invention has the advantages that:
the four blade top sensors are arranged on the protective cover, so that the vibration conditions of the blades at four positions can be collected simultaneously;
the protective cover for fixing the blade top sensor is designed into a structure capable of being adjusted in a rotating mode, the position of the blade top sensor can be adjusted after each group of data is measured, then the measurement is carried out, the blade vibration condition of each position can be comprehensively mastered through multiple times of measurement, and the defects that in the traditional measurement process, the number of measured data is small, and the accurate development of a blade vibration test is not facilitated are overcome;
the adjusting assembly is driven by a worm gear and a worm, and can self-lock the position of the rotating protective cover, so that the influence of the self-deflection of the protective cover on test data is avoided;
the number and the position of the signal teeth of the signal wheel are consistent with those of the blades, and one blade root detection signal corresponds to one blade top detection signal, so that a background computer can obtain the vibration condition of the blades after the blades are deformed by more accurate measurement, and the reliability of the test is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial structural sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a portion of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a front view of the blade tip information acquisition device.
In the figure: 1-driving device, 11-driving motor, 12-rotating shaft, 13-coupling, 14-bearing and 2-base;
3-a leaf top information acquisition device, 31-a protective cover, 32-a leaf top sensor and 311-a mounting hole;
5-a blade root information acquisition device, 51-a signal wheel and 52-a blade root sensor;
4-adjusting component, 41-adjusting motor, 42-worm, 43-worm gear, 44-driven bevel gear, 45-driving bevel gear and 6-blade.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
The non-contact blade vibration measuring device comprises a driving device 1, a base 2, a blade top information acquisition device 3, an adjusting assembly 4 and a blade root information acquisition device 5;
the driving device 1 is used for driving the blade 6 to rotate on the base 2;
the blade top information acquisition device 3 is used for acquiring an arrival signal of the blade top of the blade 6 and transmitting the signal to a background computer for recording;
the adjusting component 4 is used for adjusting the position of the blade top information acquisition device 3 so as to acquire the vibration data of the blades 6 at different positions;
the blade root information acquisition device 5 is used for acquiring an arrival signal of a blade root and transmitting the signal to the background computer for recording;
in this embodiment, the driving device 1 includes a driving motor 11 and a rotating shaft 12, the driving motor 11 is connected to the rotating shaft 12 through a coupling 13, the rotating shaft 12 is rotatably connected to the base 2 through a bearing 14, and the blade 6 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 12.
In this embodiment, the blade tip information collection device 3 includes the protection casing 31 and the blade tip sensor 32, and the protection casing 31 is located the outside of blade 6, and sets up with pivot 12 is coaxial, and the protection casing 31 passes through bearing 14 and is connected with base 2 rotation, and the equidistance is equipped with four mounting holes 311 on the protection casing 31, fixedly connected with blade tip sensor 32 in the mounting hole 311, and blade tip sensor 32 is used for gathering the time point data that the blade tip arrived the sensor below to transmit to backstage computer.
In this embodiment, the adjusting assembly 4 includes an adjusting motor 41, a worm 42 and a worm wheel 43, the worm wheel 43 is fixedly connected to the shield 31, the worm 42 is engaged with the worm wheel 43 and rotatably connected to the front wall of the base 2, one end of the worm 42 is fixedly connected to a driven bevel gear 44, the motor is fixedly connected to the base 2, and an output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to a driving bevel gear 45 engaged with the driven bevel gear 44. The worm 42 and the worm wheel 43 can carry out self-locking on the protective cover 31, and the influence of deflection of the protective cover 31 on test data is avoided.
In this embodiment, the blade root information collecting device 5 includes a signal wheel 51 and a blade root sensor 52, the signal wheel 51 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 12, a plurality of signal teeth are equidistantly arranged on the signal wheel 51, the number of the signal teeth is the same as that of the blades 6, the positions of the signal teeth correspond to the blade root positions of the blades 6, the blade root sensor 52 is located above the signal wheel 51 and is fixedly connected with the base 2, and the blade root sensor 52 is used for collecting time point data when the signal teeth reach the lower part of the signal teeth and transmitting the time point data to the background computer.
In the present embodiment, hall sensors may be used for both the blade top sensor 32 and the blade root sensor 52.
The working process and the principle thereof are as follows:
during the initial measurement, the rotating motor is kept still, and due to the self-locking property of the transmission of the worm wheel 43 and the worm 42, the protective cover 31 is kept still at the initial position, and the position of the blade top sensor 32 is also kept still at the moment.
When the blade 6 runs slowly and does not vibrate, the moment when the blade top sensor 32 detects the blade top is the same as the moment when the blade root sensor 52 detects the signal teeth corresponding to the blade root of the same blade 6, and when the blade 6 runs fast and collides with the ambient air to generate vibration, the blade 6 can deform and bend.
Originally, the blade root and the blade tip arrive at the corresponding sensors at the same time, but under the condition that the blade 6 vibrates and deforms, a time difference deltat exists between the moment when the blade tip sensor 32 detects the blade tip and the moment when the blade root sensor 52 detects the blade root, meanwhile, the blade root sensor 52 can also obtain the time T required by one rotation of the rotating shaft 12, the angular speed of the rotating shaft 12 is 360 degrees/T, the unit of the angular speed is degree per second, namely the angle of rotation per second, the position where the blade tip part of the blade 6 vibrates and bends has an included angle deltat 360 degrees/T relative to the position where the blade 6 does not vibrate, the circumference of the known circle is 2 pi r, and r is the length of the blade 6, so that the arc length between the blade 6 in a vibration state and a non-vibration state is 2 pi r delta T360 degrees/(T360 degrees), and the converted arc length is 2 pi r delta T/T, the arc length here is the amplitude of blade 6, and the vibration information of all blades 6 can be gathered to every round of rotation of pivot 12, and four blade top sensors 32 can gather the blade 6 vibration information of four positions simultaneously, and because gravity factor, the blade 6 vibration amplitude of four positions can be different.
During testing, vibration conditions of the blade 6 in three processes of accelerating rotation, midway stable operation and decelerating and stopping rotation when the blade 6 is started need to be recorded so as to obtain more comprehensive vibration data of the blade 6.
In order to obtain more vibration data of the blade 6 at different acquisition points, after a complete circle of vibration signals of the blade 6 are acquired, the adjusting motor 41 is driven by the worm wheel 43 and the worm 42 to drive the protective cover 31 to rotate by a fixed angle, so that the positions of the four blade top sensors 32 are changed again, therefore, the vibration information of the blade 6 at other positions can be detected, more collected data can be obtained by rotating the protective cover 31 for multiple times, more comprehensive test data is provided for the vibration test of the blade 6, the number of the sensors is not changed on the whole, but more data can be collected, the reliability of the test analysis is prevented from being influenced by the collected data, meanwhile, the situation that if one sensor fails, the failed sensor cannot be found accurately and test data is influenced due to the fact that the number of the sensors is directly increased is avoided.
Based on the above: the four blade top sensors 32 can simultaneously acquire the vibration conditions of the blades 6 at four positions;
the protective cover 31 for fixing the blade top sensor 32 is designed into a structure capable of being adjusted in a rotating mode, the position of the blade top sensor 32 can be adjusted after each group of data is measured, then the measurement is carried out, the vibration condition of the blade 6 at each position can be comprehensively mastered through multiple times of measurement, and the defects that in the traditional measurement process, the number of measured data is small, and the accurate development of the vibration test of the blade 6 is not facilitated are overcome;
the adjusting assembly 4 is driven by a worm wheel 43 and a worm 42, so that the position of the protective cover 31 after rotation can be self-locked, and the influence of the self-offset of the protective cover 31 on test data is avoided;
the number and the position of the signal teeth of the signal wheel 51 are consistent with those of the blades 6, and one blade root detection signal corresponds to one blade top detection signal, so that a background computer can obtain the vibration condition of the blades 6 after the blades 6 are deformed by more accurate measurement, and the reliability of the test is improved.

Claims (7)

1. The non-contact blade vibration measuring device is characterized by comprising a driving device (1), a base (2), a blade top information acquisition device (3), an adjusting assembly (4) and a blade root information acquisition device (5);
the driving device (1) is used for driving the blades (6) to rotate on the base (2);
the blade top information acquisition device (3) is used for acquiring an arrival signal of the blade top of the blade (6) and transmitting the arrival signal to a background computer for recording;
the adjusting component (4) is used for adjusting the position of the blade top information acquisition device (3) so as to acquire vibration data of the blades (6) at different positions;
the blade root information acquisition device (5) is used for acquiring the arrival signals of the blade root and transmitting the arrival signals to the background computer for recording.
2. The non-contact blade vibration measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the driving device (1) comprises a driving motor (11) and a rotating shaft (12), the driving motor (11) is connected with the rotating shaft (12) through a coupling (13), the rotating shaft (12) is rotatably connected with the base (2) through a bearing (14), and the blade (6) is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft (12).
3. The non-contact blade vibration measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the blade tip information collecting device (3) comprises a protective cover (31) and a blade tip sensor (32), the protective cover (31) is arranged on the outer side of the blade (6) and is coaxial with the rotating shaft (12), the protective cover (31) is rotatably connected with the base (2) through a bearing (14), four mounting holes (311) are equidistantly formed in the protective cover (31), the blade tip sensor (32) is fixedly connected in the mounting holes (311), and the blade tip sensor (32) is used for collecting time point data when the blade tip reaches the position below the sensor and transmitting the time point data to a background computer.
4. The non-contact blade vibration measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting assembly (4) comprises an adjusting motor (41), a worm (42) and a worm wheel (43), the worm wheel (43) is fixedly connected with the protective cover (31), the worm (42) is meshed with the worm wheel (43) and is rotatably connected to the front wall of the base (2), one end of the worm (42) is fixedly connected with a driven bevel gear (44), the motor is fixedly connected with the base (2), and the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with a driving bevel gear (45) meshed with the driven bevel gear (44).
5. The non-contact blade vibration measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the blade root information collecting device (5) comprises a signal wheel (51) and a blade root sensor (52), the signal wheel (51) is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft (12), a plurality of signal teeth are equidistantly arranged on the signal wheel (51), the number of the signal teeth is the same as that of the blades (6), the positions of the signal teeth correspond to the positions of the blade roots of the blades (6), the blade root sensor (52) is positioned above the signal wheel (51) and is fixedly connected with the base (2), and the blade root sensor (52) is used for collecting time point data when the signal teeth reach the lower part of the signal teeth and transmitting the time point data to the background computer.
6. The non-contact blade vibration measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the blade tip sensor (32) and the blade root sensor (52) are both hall sensors.
7. The method for measuring blade vibration by using the non-contact blade vibration measuring device of claim 5, characterized in that the specific method is as follows:
the adjusting assembly (4) is kept still initially, the protective cover (31) is located at an initial position, namely the blade top sensor (32) is located at the initial position, the driving device (1) drives the blade (6) to rotate on the base (2), when the blade (6) does not vibrate, the moment of detecting the blade top by the blade top sensor (32) is the same as the moment of detecting the signal tooth corresponding to the blade root of the same blade (6) by the blade root sensor (52), when the blade (6) vibrates, the blade (6) deforms and bends, a time difference delta T exists between the moment of detecting the blade top by the blade top sensor (32) and the moment of detecting the blade root by the blade root sensor (52), meanwhile, the blade root sensor (52) can also obtain the time T required by the rotating shaft (12) to rotate for one circle, and the angular velocity of the rotating shaft (12) is 360 DEG/T, wherein the angular velocity unit is degree per second, namely the angle of rotation per second, the position of the blade (6) after vibration has an included angle delta T360 degrees/T relative to the position of the blade (6) without vibration, the circumference of a circle is known to be 2 pi r, r is the length of the blade (6), therefore, the arc length between the blade (6) in a vibration state and the blade in a non-vibration state can be calculated to be 2 pi r delta T360 degrees/T360 degrees, the arc length is converted to be 2 pi r delta T/T, the arc length is the amplitude of the blade (6), the vibration information of all the blades (6) can be acquired every time the rotating shaft (12) rotates for one circle, the four blade top sensors (32) can acquire the vibration information of the blades (6) at four positions at the same time, and the vibration amplitudes of the blades (6) at the four positions are different due to gravity;
in order to obtain more blade (6) vibration data of different acquisition points, after a complete number of vibration signals of the blade (6) are acquired, the adjusting assembly (4) drives the protective cover (31) to rotate by a fixed angle, so that the positions of the four blade top sensors (32) are changed, the vibration information of the blade (6) at other positions can be detected, more acquired data can be obtained by rotating the protective cover (31) for multiple times, and more data are provided for the blade (6) vibration test.
CN202110783258.3A 2021-07-12 2021-07-12 Non-contact blade vibration measuring device and method Pending CN113624329A (en)

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CN117288835A (en) * 2023-11-27 2023-12-26 江苏腾沅机械科技有限公司 Automatic detection device for turbine blade

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117288835A (en) * 2023-11-27 2023-12-26 江苏腾沅机械科技有限公司 Automatic detection device for turbine blade
CN117288835B (en) * 2023-11-27 2024-01-26 江苏腾沅机械科技有限公司 Automatic detection device for turbine blade

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Application publication date: 20211109