CN111692268A - Air spring and automatic gap compensation method - Google Patents
Air spring and automatic gap compensation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111692268A CN111692268A CN202010596118.0A CN202010596118A CN111692268A CN 111692268 A CN111692268 A CN 111692268A CN 202010596118 A CN202010596118 A CN 202010596118A CN 111692268 A CN111692268 A CN 111692268A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
- F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
- F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
- F16F13/08—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
- F16F13/10—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like
- F16F13/102—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like characterised by features of flexible walls of equilibration chambers; decoupling or self-tuning means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
- F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
- F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
- F16F13/08—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
- F16F13/10—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like
- F16F13/103—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like characterised by method of assembly, production or treatment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
- F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
- F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
- F16F13/08—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
- F16F13/10—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like
- F16F13/108—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like characterised by features of plastics springs, e.g. attachment arrangements
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
Abstract
An automatic gap compensation method for an air spring is characterized in that an automatic gap compensation device is arranged between an upper cover plate and an auxiliary spring, and the reduction of the total height H of the air spring in an air leakage state caused by the creep deformation of rubber of the auxiliary spring can be compensated by increasing the relative distance L of hard supporting surfaces in the automatic gap compensation device in an air spring inflation state. The utility model provides an air spring, includes upper cover plate, wearing plate and auxiliary spring, still includes the backup pad device that is located between upper cover plate and the auxiliary spring, and support piece among the backup pad device can produce the holding power that makes its relative separation to roof and bottom plate under air spring air inflation state, through holding power produces the pulling force to the elastic component and makes the elastic component creep increase thereby compensate to the reduction of losing heart state lower overall height H that auxiliary spring rubber creep caused.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of air springs for rail transit, in particular to an air spring and an automatic gap compensation method.
Background
The air spring structure for the track traffic is generally shown in the upper half part of fig. 1, when the track traffic is inflated, a certain space gap E exists in the air spring, the working height of the air spring in an inflated state is a designed value, the height limiting valve is used for controlling, the working height of the air spring is stabilized around the designed height when the air spring is inflated by adjusting the air pressure in the air spring, and the abrasion plate 2 and the support plate 3 are in an inoperative state when the air spring is inflated. And when the air spring is in an airless state, the height limiting valve does not work, no air pressure exists in the air spring, the load forces the value of the air spring gap E to be 0, and all the load directly acts on the auxiliary spring 4 through the abrasion plate 2 and the supporting plate 3. The air leakage working height H is determined by the compression height of the air spring iron pieces (comprising the upper cover plate 1, the supporting plate 3 and the bottom plate 5), the abrasion plate 2 and the auxiliary spring 4. These dimensions are determined already at the product design stage, so that the high deflation compression of the new product air spring can be stabilized at a design value.
The iron parts and the wearing plate 2 in the air spring hardly change in geometric dimension in the whole life cycle, but the rubber in the auxiliary spring 4 generates creep deformation due to long-term compression after long-term operation and use, so that the compression height of the auxiliary spring 4 is reduced. In an inflation state, due to the relationship of the height limiting valve, more gas can be filled to increase the value of the air gap E so as to keep the total inflation height of the air spring unchanged; however, in the air spring system in the air leakage state, the total height of the air spring system is reduced, and the air spring needs to be maintained in the air leakage total height by periodically adding a gasket on the upper part of the upper cover 1 or the lower part of the bottom plate 5, so that the operation and maintenance cost of the air spring in the whole service life is increased.
Through patent search, the same patent literature disclosure as the present patent is not found, and the following documents are relevant to the present patent:
(1) the publication number CN105179578B discloses a self-recovery rubber air spring, which comprises a cylindrical main body, at least one end of the cylindrical main body is provided with a curved bag part, and the curved bag part at least comprises two or more curved bag units; the two ends of the inner wall of each curved bag part are provided with a left protrusion and a right protrusion which are positioned at the axial center of the cylindrical main body, a spring is arranged between the left protrusion and the right protrusion inside each curved bag part, and the spring is in a free state when the rubber air spring works. The invention improves the self-recovery capability of the rubber air spring during working, enhances the strength and self-adjustment capability of the rubber air spring, prolongs the service life of the rubber air spring and improves the quality of the rubber air spring by improving the structural characteristics of the rubber air spring. The self-recovery rubber air spring is mainly designed and improved on a bag removing part of the air spring, does not relate to air spring creep and space gap adjustment, and does not influence the cushioning and maintenance cost of the air spring.
(2) The publication number CN109505907A patent discloses an air spring with clearance monitoring function, including upper cover plate, gasbag, upper end plate and lower end plate, the periphery of upper cover plate is connected through the gasbag with the periphery of upper end plate, is connected with supplementary spring between upper end plate and the lower end plate, has seted up the installing port on the upper cover plate, and installing port department installs the clamshell, and the built-in monitoring subassembly that is used for monitoring the clearance between upper cover plate and the upper end plate that is equipped with of clamshell. However, this method can only monitor the internal clearance and cannot adjust the internal clearance.
(3) The publication number CN110608259A patent discloses an air spring system and a detection method capable of conveniently detecting deformation of an auxiliary spring, wherein a hole is formed in an auxiliary spring mandrel, a guide rod of a pressing plate is connected with a positioning plate, an observation hole is formed in one side of the bottom of the mandrel, a pad-added marking line and a replacement marking line which can be used for observation and comparison are engraved on the side line of the observation hole, a maintainer can conveniently find out the change value of the height of the auxiliary spring, and the change of the height of the auxiliary spring is judged and processed. But does not achieve the reduction of the number of times of padding and the reduction of maintenance costs.
(4) The CN111043226A patent provides a pre-compression method for an air spring, which can pre-compress a high-level auxiliary spring in a narrow upper cover plate internal space, and has the characteristics of low required installation height, small space, good vehicle dynamic vibration stroke, low vertical stiffness, good lateral stability, low air leakage vertical stiffness, and the like. But does not relate to the internal space gap compensation and the reduced shimming function.
(5) The US20190093729A patent provides a gap compensation method for an air spring, which provides an air spring with an inner cylindrical mechanism and an outer cylindrical mechanism inside, and the relative position of the two cylindrical mechanisms inside can be changed by adjusting a handle located outside the air spring, so as to adjust the gap of the space inside the air spring, and finally reduce or eliminate the shimming maintenance during the operation of the air spring. However, the adjustment of the space clearance at each time still requires the lifting of the vehicle and the participation of manpower, and the automatic adjustment of the space clearance inside the air spring cannot be realized.
Therefore, it is of great significance in the art to provide an air spring and a method for automatically compensating for a gap in the air spring.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the automatic gap compensation device is arranged between the upper cover plate and the auxiliary spring, the automatic gap compensation device is provided with two hard supporting surfaces which are oppositely arranged, the two hard supporting surfaces are provided with an initial relative distance L, and the reduction of the total height H of the air spring in the air leakage state caused by the creep deformation of the rubber of the auxiliary spring is compensated by increasing the initial relative distance L in the air spring inflation state.
Further, set up the elastic component between two hard bearing surfaces, the initial height of elastic component is promptly initial relative interval L makes the height-increasing of elastic component through providing lasting pulling force to the elastic component under air spring inflation state, and then the air spring is because of the reduction of losing air height H under the state of losing air that auxiliary spring rubber creep leads to compensates.
Furthermore, a tension acting element is arranged between the two rigid support surfaces and fixedly connected with the two rigid support surfaces, and the tension acting element can generate support force on the two rigid support surfaces under the inflation state of the gas spring so as to generate tension on the elastic element to increase the height of the elastic element.
Furthermore, the supporting force of the tension acting piece on the two hard supporting surfaces is larger than the pressure difference of the internal air on the two hard supporting surfaces in the air inflation state of the air spring.
Furthermore, the space between the two rigid support surfaces is communicated with the space outside the two rigid support surfaces, so that the pressure difference generated by the internal air to the two rigid support surfaces is zero when the air spring is in an inflated state.
Further, the automatic gap compensation device is arranged between the upper cover plate and the wearing plate, the two hard support surfaces are respectively contacted with the upper cover plate and the wearing plate in the air leakage state of the air spring, and the reduction of the total height H is compensated by increasing the initial relative distance L in the air inflation state of the air spring.
The automatic gap compensation device can also be arranged between the abrasion plate and the auxiliary spring, the two hard support surfaces are respectively contacted with the upper cover plate and the auxiliary spring in the air leakage state of the air spring, and the reduction of the total height H is compensated by increasing the initial relative distance L in the air inflation state of the air spring.
An air spring comprises an upper cover plate, a wearing plate and an auxiliary spring, and further comprises a support plate device positioned between the upper cover plate and the auxiliary spring, wherein the support plate device comprises a top plate and a bottom plate which are arranged oppositely, an elastic piece and a support piece are connected between the top plate and the bottom plate, the support piece can generate a supporting force for enabling the top plate and the bottom plate to be separated relatively under the inflation state of the air spring, and the elastic piece is pulled through the supporting force.
Further, the supporting piece is a spring which is connected between the top plate and the bottom plate and is in a compressed state, and the supporting force of the spring on the top plate and the bottom plate is larger than the pressure difference of the air spring on the top plate and the bottom plate in an inflated state.
Further, the support plate device further comprises a guide limiting device, the guide limiting device is provided with a limiting surface, the guide limiting device separates the top plate and the bottom plate under the action of a spring to provide a guide effect, the distance between the limiting surface and the bottom plate is A, and the distance A is smaller than the maximum tension stroke of the elastic piece.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. through setting up clearance automatic compensating device between upper cover plate and auxiliary spring, increase the relative interval L of rigid bearing surface in the clearance automatic compensating device under air spring gas filled state, can compensate the air spring because of the reduction of losing air height H under the state that auxiliary spring rubber creep leads to. The maintenance work of adding a gasket on the upper cover (1) or the bottom plate (5) frequently in order to keep the working height of the air spring is avoided. The method is simple in principle but high in efficiency, creep deformation of the elastic part is increased by utilizing continuous tension of the tension acting element on the elastic part, the increased height can compensate reduction of the total height H of the auxiliary spring in the air leakage state caused by rubber creep deformation, and the working height of the air spring in the air leakage state is well maintained.
2. The internal space and the external space of the rigid supporting surfaces are communicated, so that the pressure difference generated by the internal air to the two rigid supporting surfaces is zero when the air spring is inflated. After the air spring is inflated, no matter the inflation pressure is high, the external pressure difference of the two hard support surfaces is avoided, so that the tensile force of the tensile force acting piece can be continuously and fixedly applied to the elastic piece, and as long as the air spring is in an inflated state, the tensile force can be stably applied to the elastic piece to enable the elastic piece to generate creep deformation and increase.
3. The guide limiting device in the supporting plate device can enable the top plate and the bottom plate to always keep parallel due to the separation movement under the action of the spring, so that the creep increase height of the elastic part is kept consistent in the space between the inner parts of the whole top plate and the bottom plate; and the separation distance between the top plate and the bottom plate is limited, so that the elastic part is prevented from being broken and damaged due to overlarge tension stroke, and the reliability of the air spring is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1: a schematic structure diagram of the background art;
FIG. 2: the structure of the embodiment of the supporting plate device is schematically shown;
FIG. 3: the elastic part is in a molded surface structure schematic diagram;
FIG. 4: the structure schematic diagram of the guide limiting device;
FIG. 5: the second embodiment of the supporting plate device is schematically shown in the structural diagram.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will be able to fully practice the present invention, it will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
The utility model provides an air spring clearance automatic compensation method, sets up clearance automatic compensation device between upper cover plate (1) and auxiliary spring (4), clearance automatic compensation device has two hard holding surfaces of relative setting, and two hard holding surfaces have initial relative interval L, compensates for the reduction of total height H under the state of leaking that the air spring leads to because of auxiliary spring (4) rubber creep through increasing initial relative interval L under air spring gas filled state.
As shown in fig. 2, one embodiment is to arrange the automatic clearance compensation device between the wearing plate (2) and the auxiliary spring (4), and two hard support surfaces are respectively contacted with the upper cover plate (1) and the auxiliary spring (4) in the air spring deflation state, and compensate the reduction of the total height H by increasing the initial relative distance L in the air spring inflation state. The upper support surface of the two hard support surfaces is fixedly connected with the wearing plate (2), and the lower support surface is fixedly connected with the edge of the auxiliary spring (4). When the air spring is in an inflation state, a gap E exists between the abrasion plate (2) and the upper cover plate (1) due to inflation pressure, and the working height H of the air spring can be maintained by adjusting the maximum amount of the gap. When the air spring is in a deflation state, the abrasion plate (2) is in contact with the upper cover plate (1) due to the fact that external load is applied to the air spring, the gap E is compressed to a value of 0, and the working height H of the air spring is determined by the distance L between the two hard supporting surfaces and the compression height of the auxiliary spring (4). After long-time air inflation and deflation, the auxiliary spring (4) has reduced compression amount due to creep deformation of the rubber part, so that the relative distance L needs to be increased when the two rigid supporting surfaces are in a free and uncompressed state in the air spring inflation state, the reduced compression amount of the auxiliary spring (4) is compensated, the total height H of the air spring in the air deflation state is maintained, and the maintenance work that the air spring frequently adds gaskets on the upper cover (1) or the bottom plate (5) for keeping the working height is reduced.
In order to enable the relative distance L between the two rigid supporting surfaces to be automatically increased in an inflated state, an elastic piece is arranged between the two rigid supporting surfaces, and the initial height of the elastic piece is the initial relative distance L. The upper end surface and the lower end surface of the elastic piece are respectively fixedly connected with the two supporting surfaces, and continuous supporting force is applied between the two supporting surfaces in the air inflation state of the air spring, so that the elastic piece receives continuous pulling force. Because the air spring is in the inflation state most of the time in actual conditions, the elastic part can generate creep through continuous tension in the long-time inflation state, the elastic part is pulled high along with long-time tension application, and the relative distance L is increased at the moment, so that the reduction of the total height H in the air leakage state caused by the rubber creep of the auxiliary spring (4) is compensated.
As shown in fig. 3, the elastic member can be vulcanized between two rigid supporting surfaces by using a rubber material with high tensile strength and high creep deformation, and the shape of the elastic member is preferably cylindrical, and the profile of the side edge is preferably an outwardly convex profile, so that on one hand, the tensile stroke can be increased under the same height, and on the other hand, the convex profile can be slowly straightened after the tensile creep of the elastic member is increased, and the folding damage of the profile of the elastic member after the air spring is decompressed can be avoided. The elastic members of the flat profile and the concave profile can also play a role of increasing the compensation clearance of the tensile creep, and are not limited in particular.
In order to generate continuous tension on the elastic element, a tension acting element is arranged between the two rigid support surfaces and is fixedly connected with the two rigid support surfaces, and the tension acting element can generate support force on the two rigid support surfaces under the inflation state of the gas spring so as to generate tension on the elastic element to increase the height of the elastic element.
Generally, the tension applying member may employ an elastic member having its own deformation recovery property, such as a spring and a rubber member. Connect spring and rubber spare between two hard supporting surfaces with the mode of precompression, the precompression restoring force through spring and rubber spare produces the holding power to two hard supporting surfaces, and then turns into the continuous pulling force to the elastic component, makes the elastic component can produce the creep and increase under this pulling force effect. Similarly, the cooled metal piece can be connected between two rigid supporting surfaces, and the supporting force can be generated on the supporting surfaces by utilizing the principle of expansion with heat and contraction with cold.
Because the air in the air bag can generate pressure on the surfaces of the two hard support surfaces when the air spring is in an inflated state, in order to enable the tension acting element to generate continuous tension on the elastic element, the support force generated by the tension acting element on the two hard support surfaces is larger than the pressure difference generated by the air in the air bag in the inflated state on the two hard support surfaces. Therefore, the tension of the tension acting element can overcome the pressure difference generated by the internal air on the two rigid supporting surfaces to generate supporting force on the supporting surfaces.
However, the pressure of the internal air is often higher when the air is yellow in the inflated state, and the tensile force value of the tensile force acting element is larger by overcoming the pressure of all the internal air by the tensile force acting element, so that the requirement on material type selection of the tensile force acting element is too high. And the internal air pressure changes from moment to moment at best, so that the tension acting element becomes uncontrolled. Therefore, the space between the two rigid support surfaces can be communicated with the space outside the two rigid support surfaces, so that the pressure difference generated by the internal air to the two rigid support surfaces in the air inflation state of the air spring is zero. After the air spring is inflated, no matter the inflation pressure is high, the external pressure difference of the two hard support surfaces is avoided, so that the tensile force of the tensile force acting piece can be continuously and fixedly applied to the elastic piece, and as long as the air spring is in an inflated state, the tensile force can be stably applied to the elastic piece to enable the elastic piece to generate creep deformation and increase.
As shown in fig. 5, another embodiment is to arrange the automatic gap compensation device between the upper cover plate (1) and the wearing plate (2), and two rigid support surfaces are respectively contacted with the upper cover plate (1) and the wearing plate (2) in the air spring deflation state, and compensate the reduction of the total height H by increasing the initial relative distance L in the air spring inflation state. The rigid supporting surface above is fixedly connected with the upper cover plate (1) or the upper cover plate (1) is directly used as the rigid supporting surface, and the arrangement methods of the rest elastic elements and the tension acting elements are the same as the embodiment I.
As shown in fig. 2, an air spring using the above gap automatic compensation method includes an upper cover plate (1), a wear plate (2), an auxiliary spring (4), and a support plate device (33) located between the upper cover plate (1) and the auxiliary spring (4), where the support plate device (33) includes a top plate (3 a) and a bottom plate (3 d) that are arranged opposite to each other, and an elastic member (3 b) and a support member are further connected between the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d), and the support member can generate a support force for relatively separating the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d) in an inflated state of the air spring, and generate a pulling force on the elastic member (3 b) by the support force. When the air spring is in an inflated state, the continuous pulling force causes the elastic piece (3 b) to generate creep increase, thereby compensating the reduction of the total height H in a deflated state caused by the rubber creep of the auxiliary spring (4).
In the present embodiment, the support is a spring (3 c) connected between the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d) in a compressed state. The inner surfaces of the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d) are provided with mounting points of springs (3 c), and the elastic piece (3 b) is vulcanized between the inner surfaces of the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d). The spring (3 c) is fixedly mounted on the mounting point of the spring (3 c) on the inner surface of the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d) in a pre-compressed state. Thus, the elastic restoring force of the pre-compressed spring (3 c) is utilized to generate continuous supporting force for the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d), and further generate continuous pulling force for the elastic piece (3 b). And the supporting force of the spring (3 c) to the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d) is larger than the pressure difference generated by the air spring to the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d) in an inflated state, so that the phenomenon that the elastic piece (3 b) is reversely compressed due to overlarge pressure difference and the continuous tension creep is not beneficial to increasing is avoided.
Generally, a through hole can be formed in the top plate (3 a) and/or the bottom plate (3 d) so that a space area between the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d) can be communicated with a space outside the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d), when the air spring is in an inflated state, no pressure difference is generated on the outer surfaces of the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d), and then the supporting force of the spring (3 c) between the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d) can be completely acted on the elastic piece (3 b).
As shown in figure 2, because the elastic member (3 b) is continuously pulled under the supporting force of the spring (3 c), the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d) are relatively separated and the distance between the two plates is increased after creep occurs slowly, and in order to separate the relative movement of the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d) and fix the vertical direction, a guide limiting device (3 e) is also connected between the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d). In the example, the guide limiting device (3 e) is a hollow cylindrical guide column, the upper end surface of the guide column is fixedly connected with the center of the top plate (3 a), and the hollow part is communicated with a through hole in the center of the top plate (3 a); the bottom surface of the guide post is a protruding limiting surface, the guide post penetrates through a through hole in the center of the bottom plate (3 d), the whole height of the guide post is larger than the distance between the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d), and the distance A between the protruding limiting surface and the bottom plate (3 d) is larger than the maximum tension stroke of the elastic piece (3 b). The guide columns can play a role in guiding the relative movement separation of the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d), so that the directions of the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d) are kept consistent and always kept parallel in the relative movement separation process, a raised limiting surface on the bottom surface limits the distance of the relative movement separation, and the elastic piece (3 b) is pulled apart due to overlarge tension stroke to cause the abrasion plate 2 or related parts of the support plate device 3 to cut the air bag, so that the reliability of the air spring is improved. The hollow part of the guide post is communicated with the through hole in the center of the top plate (3 a) and is communicated with the external space of the bottom plate (3 d), so that when the air spring is in an inflated state, no pressure difference is generated on the outer surfaces of the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d).
Another embodiment of the guiding and limiting device (3 e) is shown in fig. 4, the guiding and limiting device (3 e) is a pair of vertical guide plates integrally connected with the edge of the top plate (3 a) respectively, the edge of the bottom plate (3 d) is contacted with the vertical guide plates, the bottom ends of the vertical guide plates are convex limiting surfaces, and the height of the vertical guide plates is greater than the distance between the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d). When the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d) are relatively separated, the edge of the bottom plate (3 d) is kept to be relatively separated from the top plate (3 a) in the parallel direction under the guiding action of the vertical guide plate, the separation distance of the bottom plate (3 d) is limited by the convex limiting surface, and the distance A between the convex limiting surface and the bottom plate (3 d) is larger than the maximum tension stroke of the elastic piece (3 b).
The support plate device (33) can be arranged between the upper cover plate (1) and the wearing plate (2) as a whole, in this case the upper cover plate (1) is used as the top plate (3 a). As shown in fig. 5, the wear plate (2) and the auxiliary spring (4) may be disposed therebetween, and in this case, the top plate (3 a) and the wear plate (2) are fixedly connected, and the bottom plate (3 d) and the edge of the auxiliary spring (4) are fixedly connected. The structural connection of the elastic element (3 b), the spring (3 c) and the guiding and limiting device (3 e) in the above two modes can adopt the same mode, and the description is omitted.
Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An automatic compensation method for air spring clearance is characterized in that: set up clearance automatic compensating device between upper cover plate (1) and auxiliary spring (4), clearance automatic compensating device has two hard holding surfaces of relative setting, and two hard holding surfaces have initial relative interval L, compensate the reduction of overall height H under the state of losing heart that air spring leads to because of auxiliary spring (4) rubber creep through increasing initial relative interval L under air spring gas filled state.
2. The automatic air spring gap compensation method according to claim 1, wherein: set up the elastic component between two hard bearing surfaces, the initial height of elastic component is promptly initial relative interval L makes the high increase of elastic component through providing lasting pulling force to the elastic component under air spring gas filled state, and then compensates air spring because of the reduction of losing air height H under the state that auxiliary spring (4) rubber creep leads to.
3. The automatic air spring gap compensating method according to claim 2, wherein: and a tension acting element is arranged between the two rigid supporting surfaces and is fixedly connected with the two rigid supporting surfaces, and the tension acting element can generate supporting force on the two rigid supporting surfaces under the inflation state of the gas spring so as to generate tension on the elastic element to increase the height of the elastic element.
4. The automatic air spring gap compensating method according to claim 3, wherein: the supporting force of the tensile force acting piece on the two hard supporting surfaces is larger than the pressure difference of the internal air on the two hard supporting surfaces in the air inflation state of the air spring.
5. The automatic air spring gap compensating method according to claim 4, wherein: the space between the two rigid support surfaces is communicated with the space outside the two rigid support surfaces, so that the pressure difference generated by the internal air to the two rigid support surfaces is zero under the inflation state of the air spring.
6. The automatic air spring gap compensating method according to claim 5, wherein: the automatic clearance compensation device is arranged between the upper cover plate (1) and the wearing plate (2), the two hard support surfaces are respectively contacted with the upper cover plate (1) and the wearing plate (2) in the air leakage state of the air spring, and the reduction of the total height H is compensated by increasing the relative distance L from the beginning to the end in the air inflation state of the air spring.
7. The automatic air spring gap compensating method according to claim 5, wherein: the automatic clearance compensation device is arranged between the abrasion plate (2) and the auxiliary spring (4), two hard support surfaces are respectively contacted with the upper cover plate (1) and the auxiliary spring (4) in the air leakage state of the air spring, and the reduction of the total height H is compensated by increasing the relative distance L from the beginning to the end in the air inflation state of the air spring.
8. An air spring, includes upper cover plate (1), wearing plate (2) and auxiliary spring (4), its characterized in that: the air spring is characterized by further comprising a supporting plate device (33) located between the upper cover plate (1) and the auxiliary spring (4), wherein the supporting plate device (33) comprises a top plate (3 a) and a bottom plate (3 d) which are arranged oppositely, an elastic piece (3 b) and a supporting piece are further connected between the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d), the supporting piece can generate supporting force for enabling the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d) to be separated relatively under the inflation state of the air spring, and pulling force is generated on the elastic piece (3 b) through the supporting force.
9. The air spring of claim 8, wherein: the supporting piece is a spring (3 c) which is connected between the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d) and is in a compressed state, and the supporting force of the spring (3 c) between the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d) is larger than the pressure difference of the air spring between the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d) in an inflated state.
10. The air spring of claim 9, wherein: the supporting plate device (33) further comprises a guide limiting device (3 e), the guide limiting device (3 e) is provided with a limiting surface, the guide limiting device (3 e) separates the top plate (3 a) and the bottom plate (3 d) under the action of the spring (3 c) to provide a guide effect, the distance from the limiting surface to the bottom plate (3 d) is A, and the distance A is smaller than the maximum tension stroke of the elastic piece (3 b).
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