CN111687465A - Space cutter runout parameter measuring device in micro-milling machining and extracting method - Google Patents

Space cutter runout parameter measuring device in micro-milling machining and extracting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111687465A
CN111687465A CN202010434267.7A CN202010434267A CN111687465A CN 111687465 A CN111687465 A CN 111687465A CN 202010434267 A CN202010434267 A CN 202010434267A CN 111687465 A CN111687465 A CN 111687465A
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cutter
axial position
support column
micro
tool
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CN111687465B (en
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吕荣宇
景秀并
王福军
田延岭
王伟杰
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Tianjin University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C9/00—Details or accessories so far as specially adapted to milling machines or cutter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool

Abstract

The invention discloses a measuring device and an extraction method for space cutter jumping parameters in micro-milling machining, wherein the measuring device comprises a magnetic gauge stand, a measuring component and a supporting component, the magnetic gauge stand comprises a first magnetic gauge stand and a second magnetic gauge stand, and the measuring component comprises a laser displacement sensor, a first capacitance sensor and a second capacitance sensor; the supporting component comprises a first supporting column, a second supporting column, a third supporting column and a fourth supporting column, the first supporting column is connected with the first magnetic gauge stand, the second supporting column is connected with the second magnetic gauge stand, the third supporting column is connected with the laser displacement sensor, the fourth supporting column is connected with the first capacitance sensor and the second capacitance sensor, the first supporting column and the third supporting column can be connected in a dismounting mode, and the second supporting column and the fourth supporting column can be connected in a dismounting mode. The invention has the advantages of simplifying the calculation process and parameters, being easy to operate, being capable of measuring on line and the like.

Description

Space cutter runout parameter measuring device in micro-milling machining and extracting method
Technical Field
The invention relates to micro milling, in particular to a measuring device and an extraction method of cutter runout parameters based on spatial angle deflection in micro milling.
Background
With the increasing demand of aerospace, biomedical, national defense science and technology, electronic communication and other industries on precise micro parts, micro machining technology is developed rapidly, and micro milling technology is widely concerned by people due to the advantages of good three-dimensional machining capability, low energy consumption and the like. However, the micro milling technology in China is developed later, and compared with macro milling, micro milling has the unique characteristics of size effect, rapid tool abrasion and the like, and the key for solving the problems is to establish an accurate micro milling prediction force model. Due to the existence of installation errors and manufacturing errors, radial runout of the cutter is inevitable. Tool runout is a key variable that affects the accuracy of the cutting force model. Therefore, it is important to accurately extract the tool runout parameter.
At present, the tool bounce is generally considered to only have parallel offset between the axis of the tool and the axis of revolution of the spindle, and the eccentricity value of the tool close to the bottom and even the position of the tool shank is extracted by using methods such as a laser displacement sensor or microscopic observation. In fact, the general case of a tool axis in space with a spindle axis of revolution is two straight lines that neither intersect nor are parallel. The above method therefore does not reflect the geometry of the tool with the spindle. At present, models considering the spatial geometrical relationship between the tool and the spindle exist, which are generally defined by 4 parameters, and 3 parameters are angles, however, most sensors used for measurement are displacement sensors, the angle cannot be easily measured, and the calculation process is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cutter runout measuring device and an extraction method based on spatial angle deflection, aiming at solving the problems that the cutter runout geometric relation can not be accurately reflected and the measurement and the calculation are not easy in the known technology.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a micro-milling space tool runout parameter measuring device, comprising:
the first magnetic gauge stand and the second magnetic gauge stand are fixed on the workbench;
the measuring assembly comprises a laser displacement sensor, a first capacitance sensor and a second capacitance sensor; and the number of the first and second groups,
support assembly, including first support column, second support column, third support column and fourth support column, first support column with first magnetism gauge stand links to each other the second support column with second magnetism gauge stand links to each other, the third support column with laser displacement sensor links to each other the fourth support column with first capacitance sensor with second capacitance sensor links to each other, first support column with can connect between the third support column dismouting the second support column with can connect between the fourth support column dismouting.
Further, the laser displacement sensor, the first capacitive sensor and the second capacitive sensor are all perpendicular to the axis of the spindle of the micro-milling machine.
Further, the first capacitive sensor and the second capacitive sensor are in the same phase.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for extracting a space cutter runout parameter in micro-milling based on the measuring device comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a distance z between an axial position I and an axial position II of a micro milling cutter handle1And the distance z between the axial position I of the tool shank and the tool tip0The cutter comprises a cutter handle, a cutter head and a cutter head, wherein the axial position I and the axial position II of the cutter handle are any two positions on the cutter handle of the micro milling cutter;
step 2, the main shaft rotates at a constant speed, and the outer contour run-out data and the tool nose contour data of the micro milling cutter handle in a plurality of periods are collected, wherein the outer contour run-out data of the axial position I of the cutter handle are obtained by adopting a first capacitance sensor, the outer contour run-out data of the axial position II of the cutter handle are obtained by adopting a second capacitance sensor, and the tool nose contour data are obtained by adopting a laser displacement sensor;
step 3, obtaining the maximum value d of the outer contour distance of the axial position I of the tool shank in one period according to the data collected by the first capacitance sensormax(1) And a minimum value dmin(1) Obtaining the maximum value d of the outer contour distance of the axial position II of the cutter handle in one period according to the data collected by the second capacitance sensormax(2) And a minimum value dmin(2) And obtain dmax(1) And dmax(2) Phase difference between
Figure BDA0002501645880000022
Step 4, extracting the run-out length rho (1) of the axial position I of the cutter handle and the run-out length rho (2) of the axial position II of the cutter handle according to the formula (1):
Figure BDA0002501645880000021
step 5, establishing a machine tool main shaft coordinate system O-XYZ: the Z axis is the main shaft rotation axis, and the origin O is dmin(1) Point of interest P1A projection point on the Z axis, the direction of the X axis being the origin O pointing to P1The direction of the point, the direction of the Y axis is determined according to the right-hand rule;
step 6, obtaining d in a machine tool main shaft coordinate system O-XYZmin(1) Point of interest P1Is (ρ (1),0,0), d is obtainedmin(2) Point of interest P2Has the coordinates of
Figure BDA0002501645880000031
Step 7, obtaining the direction vector of the axis of the cutter through the formula (2)
Figure BDA0002501645880000032
Figure BDA0002501645880000033
Step 8, a space linear equation L of the axis of the cutterTBy a direction vector
Figure BDA0002501645880000034
And point P1Using the equation (3) to obtain:
Figure BDA0002501645880000035
and 9, calculating the coordinate of any axial position of the cutter according to the formula (3), and obtaining the runout amount rho (z) of any point of the cutter according to the formula (4):
Figure BDA0002501645880000036
step 10, acquiring a difference value delta R between a long cutting edge and a short cutting edge caused by the eccentricity of the cutter and an initial jumping angle lambda (z) of the cutter according to the data of the laser displacement sensor0) The equation formed by equation (5) is solved according to the geometrical relationship:
Figure BDA0002501645880000037
wherein R is the tool radius, ρ (z)0) The tool tip runout amount;
step 11, the jumping angle lambda (z) of any point of the cutter is determined according to the initial jumping angle lambda (z) of the cutter0) And the helical lag angle is calculated as shown in equation (6):
Figure BDA0002501645880000038
wherein β is the helix angle of the cutter,
Figure BDA0002501645880000039
showing the helical lag angle of the tool at position z.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the laser displacement sensor and the capacitance sensor are adopted as measuring components and are matched with the supporting component, so that the extraction precision is improved;
2. three sensors are adopted to measure the cutter runout, so that the measurement of space runout parameters when the axis of the cutter has distance deviation and angle deflection relative to the rotation axis of the main shaft is realized;
3. the invention describes the space attitude of the cutter with radial jump by the direction vector of the space straight line, which is convenient for understanding and simplifies the number of used parameters;
4. the method reduces the use of angles, compared with other methods in which the cosine theorem is frequently used to calculate the angles, and when the calculation result has two values and needs to be judged, the method improves the calculation efficiency;
5. the invention can reflect the space cutter jumping state under more general conditions and calculate the cutter jumping parameter.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of a micro-milling space cutter run-out parameter measuring device;
FIG. 2: a schematic view of the measurement location;
FIG. 3: a profile data diagram at the position of the knife handle;
FIG. 4 a: a cutter jumping space state schematic diagram;
FIG. 4 b: establishing a schematic diagram of a coordinate system;
FIG. 5: a profile data map at the tool tip;
FIG. 6: a cutter jumping angle schematic diagram;
the attached drawings are marked as follows:
1-micro milling machine; 2-a first magnetic gauge stand;
3-second magnetic gauge stand; 4-laser displacement sensor;
5-first capacitive sensor; 6-second capacitive sensor;
7-first support column; 8-second support column;
9-third support column; 10-fourth support column;
11-micro milling cutter; 12-laser displacement sensor clamp;
capacitive sensor clamp 13.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, a method for extracting a spatial tool runout parameter in micro milling includes a magnetic gauge stand, a support assembly and a measurement assembly.
The magnetic gauge stand is divided into a first magnetic gauge stand 2 and a second magnetic gauge stand 3, and the first magnetic gauge stand 2 and the second magnetic gauge stand 3 are fixed on the workbench. The first magnetic meter seat 2 and the second magnetic meter seat 3 can be placed on the same side or two sides of the spindle of the micro milling machine 1 according to actual conditions. In this embodiment, because the space of the working table is not enough, the first magnetic gauge stand 2 and the second magnetic gauge stand 3 are arranged on two sides of the main shaft of the micro milling machine 1.
The supporting component comprises a first supporting column 7, a second supporting column 8, a third supporting column 9 and a fourth supporting column 10, the first supporting column 7 is connected with the first magnetic meter seat 2, the second supporting column 8 is connected with the second magnetic meter seat 3, the third supporting column 9 is connected with the laser displacement sensor 4 of the measuring component, the fourth supporting column 10 is connected with the first capacitance sensor 5 and the second capacitance sensor 6 of the measuring component, the first supporting column 7 is connected with the third supporting column 9 in a dismountable mode, and the second supporting column 8 is connected with the fourth supporting column 10 in a dismountable mode.
The measuring assembly comprises a laser displacement sensor 4, a first capacitive sensor 5 and a second capacitive sensor 6. The laser displacement sensor 4 is connected to the third supporting column 9 through a laser displacement sensor clamp 12, and the first capacitive sensor 5 and the second capacitive sensor 6 are connected to the fourth supporting column 10 through a capacitive sensor clamp 13. The laser displacement sensor 4, the first capacitive sensor 5 and the second capacitive sensor 6 are all perpendicular to the spindle axis, and the first capacitive sensor 5 and the second capacitive sensor 6 are in the same phase.
The method for extracting the space cutter runout parameter in the micro-milling process based on the measuring device comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a distance z between an axial position I of a cutter handle of a micro milling cutter 11 and an axial position II of the cutter handle1And the distance z between the axial position I of the tool shank and the tool tip0And the axial position I of the cutter handle and the axial position II of the cutter handle are any two positions on the cutter handle of the micro milling cutter 11, as shown in figure 2. z is a radical of1And z0The value can be obtained by a vernier caliper or other precision measuring instrument.
And 2, rotating the main shaft at a constant speed, and acquiring the outer contour run-out data and the tool nose contour data of the micro milling cutter 11 tool shank in 2-3 periods, wherein the outer contour run-out data of the axial position I of the tool shank is acquired by adopting a first capacitive sensor 5, the outer contour run-out data of the axial position II of the tool shank is acquired by adopting a second capacitive sensor 6, and the tool nose contour data is acquired by adopting a laser displacement sensor 4.
Step 3, obtaining the maximum value d of the outer contour distance of the axial position I of the tool shank in one period according to the data collected by the first capacitive sensor 5max(1) And a minimum value dmin(1) Obtaining the maximum value d of the outer contour distance of the axial position II of the cutter handle in one period according to the data collected by the second capacitive sensor 6max(2) And a minimum value dmin(2) And obtain dmax(1) And dmax(2) Phase difference between
Figure BDA0002501645880000061
As shown in fig. 3.
Step 4, extracting the run-out length rho (1) of the axial position I of the cutter handle and the run-out length rho (2) of the axial position II of the cutter handle according to the formula (1):
Figure BDA0002501645880000062
step 5, establishing a machine tool main shaft coordinate system O-XYZ: the Z axis is the main shaft rotation axis, and the origin O is dmin(1) Point of interest P1A projection point on the Z axis, the direction of the X axis being the origin O pointing to P1The direction of the point, the direction of the Y-axis, is determined according to the right-hand rule, as shown in fig. 4a and 4 b. In FIGS. 4a and 4b, OS-O'SIs the axis of rotation of the spindle, OT-O'TIs the tool axis.
Step 6, obtaining d in a machine tool main shaft coordinate system O-XYZmin(1) Point of interest P1And dmin(2) Point of interest P2Can obtain P1Has coordinates of (ρ (1),0,0), P2Has the coordinates of
Figure BDA0002501645880000063
Step 7, obtaining the direction vector of the axis of the cutter through the formula (2)
Figure BDA0002501645880000064
Figure BDA0002501645880000065
Step 8, a space linear equation L of the axis of the cutterTBy a direction vector
Figure BDA0002501645880000066
And point P1Using the equation (3) to obtain:
Figure BDA0002501645880000067
and 9, substituting z into the linear equation (3) to calculate the coordinate of any axial position z of the cutter, and obtaining the bounce amount rho (z) of any point of the cutter according to the equation (4):
Figure BDA0002501645880000068
and step 10, acquiring a difference value delta R of the long cutting edge and the short cutting edge caused by the eccentricity of the cutter according to the data of the laser displacement sensor 4, as shown in fig. 5. Initial jumping angle lambda (z) of cutter0) As shown in FIG. 6, the equation (5) can be expressed according to the geometric relationshipThe equations formed solve:
Figure BDA0002501645880000071
wherein R is the tool radius, ρ (z)0) The tool tip runout amount. In FIG. 6, O0Is an ideal center of the cutter, O'0The actual center of the tool when run-out exists.
Step 11, the jumping angle lambda (z) of any point of the cutter can be determined according to the initial jumping angle lambda (z) of the cutter0) And the helical lag angle is calculated as shown in equation (6):
Figure BDA0002501645880000072
wherein β is the helix angle of the cutter,
Figure BDA0002501645880000073
showing the helical lag angle of the tool at position z.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A micro-milling space tool runout parameter measuring device is characterized by comprising:
the first magnetic gauge stand (2) and the second magnetic gauge stand (3) are fixed on the workbench;
the measuring assembly comprises a laser displacement sensor (4), a first capacitance sensor (5) and a second capacitance sensor (6); and the number of the first and second groups,
support assembly, including first support column (7), second support column (8), third support column (9) and fourth support column (10), first support column (7) with first magnetism gauge stand (2) link to each other second support column (8) with second magnetism gauge stand (3) link to each other, third support column (9) with laser displacement sensor (4) link to each other fourth support column (10) with first capacitive sensor (5) with second capacitive sensor (6) link to each other, first support column (7) with can connect between third support column (9) dismouting second support column (8) with can connect between fourth support column (10) dismouting.
2. A micro-milling space tool runout parameter measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser displacement sensor (4), the first capacitive sensor (5) and the second capacitive sensor (6) are all perpendicular to the axis of the spindle of the micro-milling machine (1).
3. A micro-milling space tool runout parameter measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first capacitive sensor (5) and the second capacitive sensor (6) are in the same phase.
4. A method for extracting a space tool runout parameter in micro milling based on the measuring device of any one of the claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a distance z between an axial position I and an axial position II of a cutter handle of a micro milling cutter (11)1And the distance z between the axial position I of the tool shank and the tool tip0The cutter comprises a cutter handle, a cutter body, a cutter head and a cutter head, wherein the axial position I and the axial position II of the cutter handle are any two positions on the cutter handle of the micro milling cutter (11);
step 2, the main shaft rotates at a constant speed, and the outer contour run-out data and the cutter point contour data of a cutter handle of the micro milling cutter (11) in a plurality of periods are collected, wherein the outer contour run-out data of the axial position I of the cutter handle are obtained by adopting a first capacitance sensor (5), the outer contour run-out data of the axial position II of the cutter handle are obtained by adopting a second capacitance sensor (6), and the cutter point contour data are obtained by adopting a laser displacement sensor (4);
step 3, according to the firstThe data acquired by the capacitance sensor (5) is used for obtaining the maximum value d of the outer contour distance of the axial position I of the cutter handle in one periodmax(1) And a minimum value dmin(1) Obtaining the maximum value d of the outer contour distance of the axial position II of the cutter handle in one period according to the data collected by the second capacitance sensor (6)max(2) And a minimum value dmin(2) And obtain dmax(1) And dmax(2) Phase difference between
Figure FDA0002501645870000028
Step 4, extracting the run-out length rho (1) of the axial position I of the cutter handle and the run-out length rho (2) of the axial position II of the cutter handle according to the formula (1):
Figure FDA0002501645870000021
step 5, establishing a machine tool main shaft coordinate system O-XYZ: the Z axis is the main shaft rotation axis, and the origin O is dmin(1) Point of interest P1A projection point on the Z axis, the direction of the X axis being the origin O pointing to P1The direction of the point, the direction of the Y axis is determined according to the right-hand rule;
step 6, obtaining d in a machine tool main shaft coordinate system O-XYZmin(1) Point of interest P1Is (ρ (1),0,0), d is obtainedmin(2) Point of interest P2Has the coordinates of
Figure FDA0002501645870000022
Step 7, obtaining the direction vector of the axis of the cutter through the formula (2)
Figure FDA0002501645870000023
Figure FDA0002501645870000024
Step 8, a space linear equation L of the axis of the cutterTBy a direction vector
Figure FDA0002501645870000025
And point P1Using the equation (3) to obtain:
Figure FDA0002501645870000026
and 9, calculating the coordinate of any axial position of the cutter according to the formula (3), and obtaining the runout amount rho (z) of any point of the cutter according to the formula (4):
Figure FDA0002501645870000027
step 10, acquiring a difference value delta R of the long cutting edge and the short cutting edge caused by the eccentricity of the cutter and an initial jumping angle lambda (z) of the cutter according to the data of the laser displacement sensor (4)0) The equation formed by equation (5) is solved according to the geometrical relationship:
Figure FDA0002501645870000031
wherein R is the tool radius, ρ (z)0) The tool tip runout amount;
step 11, the jumping angle lambda (z) of any point of the cutter is determined according to the initial jumping angle lambda (z) of the cutter0) And the helical lag angle is calculated as shown in equation (6):
Figure FDA0002501645870000032
wherein β is the helix angle of the cutter,
Figure FDA0002501645870000033
showing the helical lag angle of the tool at position z.
CN202010434267.7A 2020-05-21 2020-05-21 Space cutter runout parameter measuring device in micro-milling machining and extracting method Expired - Fee Related CN111687465B (en)

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