CN111682675A

CN111682675A - Electronic reversing motor

Info

Publication number: CN111682675A
Application number: CN202010165326.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: M·P·德赛
Original assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Current assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date: 2019-03-11
Filing date: 2020-03-11
Publication date: 2020-09-18
Also published as: DE102019203272A1

Abstract

An electronically commutated electric machine has a rotor with an assigned rotor axis and a stator (120) coaxially surrounding the rotor, which has a plurality of stator teeth (Z) of a stator core arranged in a ring shape_1,...,9) The stator teeth have slot insulation (160) at least in sections, the stator winding (150) of the electrical machine has at least three phase windings, each phase winding having at least two individual windings (E) connected in parallel and wound with a wire (198)_1,2) The individual windings are each assigned to a stator tooth, and at least one hook-shaped guide element (F) assigned to the slot insulation is provided on the stator axial end (182) between two stator teeth directly adjacent on each circumferential side_1‑9) Between two individual windings of different phases (u, v, w) at leastAt least one additional turn (240, 242) is provided in two stator teeth directly adjacent on the circumferential side of the at least one connection line section (190) extending in sections on the circumferential side, between which at least one hook-shaped guide element assigned to the slot insulation is arranged.

Description

Electronic reversing motor

Technical Field

The invention relates to an electronically commutated electric machine having a rotor with an associated rotor axis and having a stator coaxially surrounding the rotor, which stator has a plurality of stator teeth of a stator core, which stator teeth have slot insulation (Nutisation) at least in sections, the stator winding of the electric machine having at least three phase windings, each phase winding having at least two individual windings which are connected in parallel and wound in wire and which are each associated with a stator tooth, wherein at least one hook-shaped guide element (Fahrungselement) associated with the slot insulation is arranged between two stator teeth which are directly adjacent on the circumferential side (umfangseiti) at each axial end of the stator.

Background

Electronically commutated electric machines having a rotor and a stator are known from the prior art. Furthermore, for example, three-phase electronically commutated electric motors or machines are known, in which the respective phase winding has in each case at least two individual windings connected in parallel. The metal guide elements (which each have a hook) fixed to the slot insulation and the guide aids on the slot insulation itself serve to position and electrically contact the assigned winding wire. Furthermore, electronically commutated electric machines with parallel windings are known from the prior art, in which the wire or winding wire of the respective winding is guided from the hook up to the other slot or to the stator tooth assigned to this slot. The associated wires are each guided along the stator on the circumferential side by means of a groove-insulated guide aid.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention relates to an electronically commutated electric machine having a rotor with an associated rotor axis and having a stator coaxially surrounding the rotor, which stator has a plurality of stator teeth of a stator core arranged in a ring shape, wherein the stator teeth have slot insulation at least in sections, and a stator winding of the electric machine has at least three phase windings, each having at least two individual windings which are connected in parallel and wound in a wire, and are each associated with a stator tooth, wherein at least one hook-shaped guide element which is associated with the slot insulation is arranged in each case between two stator teeth which are directly adjacent on the circumferential side at an axial end of the stator. At least one connecting line section extending at least in sections circumferentially between two individual windings of different phases has at least one additional turn in two stator teeth directly adjacent on the circumference, between which stator teeth at least one hook-shaped guide element assigned to the slot insulation is arranged.

This reliably prevents the hook-shaped guide element from being deformed during a corresponding winding process of the stator winding of the electronically commutated electric machine. Such deformation may occur, for example, in the following cases: the respective hook is axially offset with respect to the assigned guide element of the slot insulation to such an extent that the tensile forces occurring when the wire is positioned in the hook or when the wire is looped around the hook cause the hook of the associated guide element to bend. In this case, the correspondingly bent hook can no longer reliably hold and/or position the relevant wire of the winding and, if necessary, the other wires in the provided position.

Preferably, the at least two additional turns are guided starting from an axial end of the stator in a meandering manner at least partially around two stator teeth directly adjacent on the circumferential side and the assigned guide element. The wire guidance of the circumferentially extending connecting wire sections between the parallel individual windings of the stator winding thus corresponds substantially to the wire guidance of a standard individual winding.

Preferably, each guide element has at least one hook, wherein the wires of the individual windings are fixed in position or electrically connected in the region of the first axial end by means of the hooks of the guide element to form the stator winding. Thus, a reliable positional fixing of the wires of the individual windings in the stator windings of the electronically commutated electric machine is ensured. Furthermore, it is also possible to position a plurality of threads in one hook.

In a technically advantageous embodiment, a plurality of guide aids for fixing the position of at least one wire of a single winding are formed in the region of the outer side of the slot insulation. In this way, a reliable guidance and/or positional fixing of the wires of the individual windings in the region of the slot insulation of the stator is ensured even under relatively high loads. Furthermore, the guiding aid simplifies the manufacturing process of the stator by means of a winding machine.

According to one embodiment, a first line section of the line of the at least two additional turns extends from the first axial end of the stator through the first stator slot, a second line section surrounds a free end, remote from the first axial end, of a first stator tooth adjacent in the circumferential direction to the first stator slot, a third line section extends through a second stator slot directly adjacent in the circumferential side to the first stator tooth, a fourth line section is wound around the hook-shaped guide element and extends from the hook-shaped guide element through the second stator slot opposite the third line section, a fifth line section extends around a free end, remote from the first axial end, of a second stator tooth directly adjacent in the circumferential direction to the second stator slot, and a sixth line section extends along the second stator tooth back to the outer face of the slot insulation. This results in the desired meandering of the wire of the at least two additional turns. The additional turns are preferably introduced centrally between two individual windings of the stator winding between the hook-shaped guide elements in the stator core.

Preferably, each of the hook-shaped guide elements has a substantially quadrangular base plate into which a U-shaped cut is introduced for cutting out (freschneiden) tongues (Lasche) which can be bent out of the plane of the base plate to form an integral hook. This ensures a simple and cost-effective manufacturability of the hook-shaped guide element.

Preferably, a receptacle is formed between the hook and the base plate for the positional fixing and electrical contacting of the at least one wire. Thereby providing a reliable guidance and electrical contacting of the wire at the hook of the guide element.

In an advantageous embodiment, each of the guide elements is produced from sheet metal as a stamped and formed part. This provides a mass and cost-effective production of the guide element. Due to the electrically conductive sheet material of the guide element, the electrical connection of the wires and thus the connection of the entire stator winding or the motor winding can be carried out simultaneously.

According to a further embodiment, at least one individual winding has a correspondingly adapted, preferably reduced number of turns in order to compensate for the magnetic influence of at least two additional turns. Thereby restoring the original induced voltage in the respective parallel single windings.

Preferably, the slot insulation is formed with a plurality of insulators arranged on the circumferential side, wherein each stator tooth is preferably assigned at least one insulator in each case. The slot insulation of the stator can thus be realized in a plurality of plastic injection-molded parts (Kunststoffspritzteil) of relatively simple construction.

Drawings

The invention is further elucidated in the following description on the basis of an embodiment shown in the drawing. The figures show:

fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronically commutated electric machine having a rotor and a stator;

FIG. 2 shows a top view of the stator of FIG. 1;

fig. 3 shows a schematic top view of the inner side of the stator of fig. 2, expanded in the plane of the drawing;

FIG. 4 shows a partial perspective top view of the stator of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 shows a circuit diagram of the stator of FIG. 3;

fig. 6 shows a perspective view of a guide element with hooks.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows an inner rotor, which is designed here only by way of example

The electronically commutated motor 100. The electric machine 100 has a rotor 130 with a rotor axis 132 and a stator 120 with a stator core 140. Electronically commutated motor 100 is preferably configured to be rotationally symmetric with respect to rotor axis 132. The stator core 140 is provided, illustratively at least in sections, with slot insulation 160, which is preferably realized in a plurality of insulators not shown here. Stator windings 150 are illustratively disposed on slot insulation 160.

It should be noted that the invention is preferably provided for stators of electronically commutated motors operating at higher rotational speeds with an external diameter of less than 100mm, but the invention can also be used for any other external diameter and lower rotational speed. It should also be noted at this point that electronically commutated motor 100 is shown only schematically in fig. 1, since the structural configuration and detailed functioning of such a motor are sufficient to be familiar from the prior art by those skilled in the art of motors, so that a more thorough description of electronically commutated motor 100 is omitted here for the sake of brevity and simplicity of description.

It should also be noted that electronically commutated motor 100 is shown by way of example only, and is not intended to limit the present invention to an inner rotor. It should furthermore be noted that the outer stator 122 shown here with the rotor 130 configured as the inner rotor 134 has merely an exemplary characteristic, and that the invention can also be used, for example, in the case of a ring-shaped inner stator.

Fig. 2 shows the stator 120 of fig. 1, wherein the stator core 140 of the stator 120 of the electronically commutated electric machine 100 of fig. 1 here, by way of example only, has nine radially inwardly directed stator teeth Z_1,...,9The stator teeth are arranged evenly spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction U of the stator 120. Preferably, the stator 120 is configured to be rotationally symmetrical with respect to the stator axis 126 or a rotor axis of a rotor (see fig. 1, reference numerals 130, 132), which is not shown here. Stator slot N_1,...,9Two stator teeth Z adjacent to each other on the peripheral side_1,...,9In the meantime. Stator tooth Z_1,...,9Each having a single winding (not shown here either) wound with an insulating winding, the stator teeth Z of the stator 120_1,...,9 A slot insulation 160 is provided. The slot insulation 160 particularly reliably protects the application of the individual windings to the stator teeth Z_1,...,9The electrical (lacquer) insulation of the upper wire is protected from mechanical damage.

The slot insulation 160 may be realized in one piece or may be realized in a plurality of insulators that may be arranged one after another in the circumferential direction U of the stator 120. Here provided with stator teeth Z_1,2Represents all other insulators which are structurally identical (preferably at least within predefined manufacturing tolerances) and are provided with the

reference numerals

162, 164. Here, each stator tooth Z_1,...,9Are illustratively each assigned an insulator. The slot insulation 160 may be made of electrically insulating plastic, paper, or another sufficiently electrically insulating material.

The stator 120 also has a substantially cylindrical inner face 180, from here nine radially inwardly directed stator teeth Z_1,...,9And (4) defining. In the stator inner space 124, the rotor (130 in fig. 1) rotates about the stator axis 126 or the same rotor axis as it (see fig. 1; reference numerals 130, 132).

Fig. 3 shows the stator 120 of fig. 2 of the electronically commutated electric machine 100 of fig. 1, which stator extends in the circumferential direction U in the drawing plane and has stator teeth Z_1,...,9And stator slots N respectively located between two adjacent stator teeth_1,...,9. The stator axis 126 extends perpendicularly to the circumferential direction U. The stator 120 has a first axial end 182 and a second axial end 184 relative to the stator axis 126. When rolled up from the plane of the drawing, the stator teeth Z_1,...,9Again defining a substantially cylindrical inner face 180 of the stator 120.

In the region of the axial ends 182, 184 of the stator 120, illustratively and preferably in the region of the first axial end 182 of the stator 120, only exemplarily in each case in the stator teeth Z_6,7、Z_7,8、Z_8,9、Z_9,1、Z_1,2、Z_2,3、Z_3,4、Z_4,5And Z_5,6In or about stator slots N, respectively₇、N₈、N₉、N₁、N₂、N₃、N₄、N₅And N₆Approximately centrally provided with a hook-shaped guide element F_{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}. Hook-shaped guide element F_{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}For example, to the slot insulation 160, guide element F_{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}Particularly mechanically at the slot insulation 160. However, the guide element F_{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}And may be disposed or fixed at any other position of the stator 120. Nine guide elements F_{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}Corresponding to the guide element in the stator slot N_1,...,9In the region of or on the circumferential side directly adjacent stator teeth Z_1,...,9In the circumferential direction U, wherein the positioning of the guide elements on the stator 120 may differ from the shown arrangement on the circumferential side. Here, nine hook-shaped guide elements F are illustrated as an example_{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}The structures are each identically constructed.

Furthermore, a single winding E of two different phases of the stator winding 150 of the stator 120 of the electronically commutated electric machine is shown_1,2. Here, nine guide elements F_{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}Illustratively having integrally formed hooks 230 for guiding and/or electrically contacting the wires of the individual windings of stator winding 150. Guide element F_{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}Preferably at least oneAnd a hook 230. Guide element F_{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}Are preferably constructed as stamped and formed parts from sheet metal that can be brazed or welded and preferably has relatively good electrical conductivity. Instead of the three guide elements F, which are merely exemplary here_1,2,3At nine stator teeth Z_1,...,9Up to nine guide elements F may also be provided_1,...,9The other six guide elements F being missing_4,5,6,7,8,9Shown in dashed lines.

At least three guide elements, preferably five guide elements F are illustratively required_1,2,5,6,7For a single winding E of a stator winding 150 having three phases u, v, w_1,...,9Leading and/or making contact with (copper) line 198. Preferably, a guide element F is provided for each phase u, v, w_1,...,9. Single winding E of stator 120_1,...,9Wound with a preferably lacquer-insulated (copper) wire 198 having suitable geometrical and electrical properties, in particular in the form of diameter, electrical conductivity and current-carrying capacity.

Two single windings E of different phases_1,2The connecting line section 190 of (a) extends at least in sections in the circumferential direction U of the stator 120 and is designed as at least two

additional turns

240, 242 according to the invention, which are reliably prevented from reaching the guide element F_1-9Is plastically deformed during winding of the stator 120 of the electronically commutated motor by the at least one hook 230. The two

additional turns

240, 242 preferably have at least one turn which is arranged in each case in two adjacent stator teeth Z₁、Z₂Wherein at two stator teeth Z₁、Z₂With a guide element arranged therebetween. The additional loop is assigned, in particular, a guide element. A first line section 200 of the connection line section 190 is guided from the outer face 176 of the slot insulation 160 through the stator slot N, preferably in the region of the first axial end 182 of the stator 120₁. Preferably next to a second wire section 202 which surrounds the first stator tooth Z₁Away from the first axial end 182, the first stator tooth in the circumferential direction U and the first stator groove N₁Directly adjacent. Preferably, the firstThe three-wire segment 204 is guided through the second stator slot N₂The second stator slot and the stator tooth Z₁Directly adjacent in the circumferential direction U, and the third thread section is preferably wound around the first guide element F₁The hook 230. The

wire sections

200, 202 and 204 are thus configured as a first additional turn 240.

Fourth line section 206 leads from element F₁Preferably opposite to the third wire section 204, through the second stator slot N₂. The fifth wire section 208 preferably surrounds the second stator tooth Z₂The second stator tooth and the second stator slot N in the circumferential direction U₂Directly adjacent. Sixth wire segment 210 is preferably along second stator tooth Z₂Extending back to the outer face 176 of the slot insulation 160. Together, the

wire sections

206, 208, 210 are configured as a second additional turn 242. Two

additional turns

240, 242 are preferably in the stator teeth Z_1,2With a meandering course between them.

To compensate for the magnetic influence of the

additional turns

240, 242, a single winding is assigned (i.e. here two single windings E)_1,2) Preferably with a corresponding matching number of turns, in particular a reduced number of turns or turns. The magnetic influence of the additional turns is preferably compensated here by reducing the number of turns of the individual windings by the following amount: this number is preferably exactly the same as the number of turns of the associated additional turn. Here, E is₁Is reduced by the number of turns of the additional turn 240. Similarly, E₂Is reduced by the number of turns of the additional turn 242. In this case, a single winding E_1,2Are assigned to the different phases v, w and w, u of the electronically commutated motor, respectively (see in particular fig. 5).

Fig. 4 shows the stator 120 from fig. 3, wherein the stator teeth of the stator 120 and the stator slots of the stator core 140 are shown with stator slots N only in the region of the first axial end 182 of the stator 120_1,...,4Stator tooth Z_1,2,3,4,9. In this case, the slot insulation 160 is only exemplary for the stator teeth Z_1,2All other two insulators are provided with

reference numerals

162, 164. Stator tooth Z_1,2,3,4,9An approximately cylindrical inner surface 180 of the stator 120 is defined, wherein the stator axis is not shown hereAnd (6) discharging. Preferably, with guide elements F_1,2The stator windings 150 of the connecting wire sections 190 on the peripheral side extending therebetween are located on the slot insulation 160 of the stator teeth.

Guide element F with hooks 230 formed on each other_1,2For guiding and/or electrically contacting the copper wires 198 of fig. 3 of the stator winding 150. Each

insulator

162, 164 of the slot insulation 160 resembles a radially inwardly directed stator tooth Z_1,2,3,4,9Forming an exemplary substantially cylindrical outer face 176, wherein at stator slots N₁And N₄In each case, a guide aid 250, which is embodied identically in design and is directed radially outward, is formed in the region of (a). Except for the guide member F_1,2In addition, a guide aid 250 for the slot insulation 160 is provided in order to further optimize the guidance of the individual winding (copper) wires 198 of the stator winding 150, which are not shown here.

Fig. 5 shows a circuit diagram of the stator assigned to fig. 3. The stator winding 150 is here embodied as a delta connection, for example, and therefore has three phases u, v, w and accordingly three

clockwise lines

300, 302, 304. Each of the three

lines

300, 302 and 304 preferably has a phase winding Pw_1,...,3The phase windings each have three individual windings, only a single winding E being shown here for better illustration purposes_1,2. The small arabic numerals at the respective ends of the individual windings respectively represent the stator slots of the stator, not shown here, in which the relevant individual windings are introduced. Thus, a single winding E₁Here, for example, in the stator slot N_7,8In or wound around stator teeth Z₇On the insulator. Accordingly, a single winding E₂In stator slot N_5,6In or around the stator teeth Z₅And (4) winding. The points which are mounted axially on the individual windings on one side and which are likewise not shown for a better illustration of the drawing indicate the respective winding direction of the individual windings.

Fig. 6 shows the guide element F of fig. 1 with the hook 230₁Wherein a guide element F is shown here₁The guide element represents all other structurally identicalGround-implemented guide element F_1-9(see FIG. 3). Guide element F₁Preferably having a generally rectangular solid base plate 320 with a gusset 324 integrally formed at a first end 322 of the solid base plate, there is preferably an angle α of about 90 between the gusset 324 and the base plate 320, illustratively a second end 326 of the base plate 320 having an approximately semi-circular outer profile 328 axially remote from the first end 322 of the base plate 320, a preferred U-shaped cut 330 is introduced into the base plate 320 so as to be initially located at the guide member F₁Is cut from the base plate 320 by a rectangular and initially flat tab 334 in the plane 332 of the base plate 320.

The guide element F can be produced by bending the cut-out tongue 334 out of the plane 332 of the base plate 320₁Preferably having a U-shaped spatial configuration, which preferably configures the guide element F₁For guiding and/or electrically contacting at least one (copper) line 198, here shown in dashed lines, of the stator winding 150. All guide elements can thus be produced in a simple manner from a planar metal sheet as a stamped and formed part. The metal sheet has sufficient electrical conductivity and is brazeable and/or weldable as well as possible in order to achieve the necessary electrical contact with the (copper) wires of the stator winding 150.

Claims

1. An electronically commutated electric machine (100) having a rotor (130) with an assigned rotor axis (132) and a stator (120) coaxially surrounding the rotor and having an annularly arranged plurality of stator teeth (Z) of a stator core (140)_1,...,9) Wherein the stator teeth (Z)_1,...,9) At least in sections, having slot insulation (160), the stator winding (150) of the electrical machine (100) having at least three phase windings (Pw)_1,...,3) Each phase winding (Pw)_1,...,3) Each having at least two individual windings (E) which are connected in parallel and are wound with a wire (198)_1,...,9) The at least two individual windings are each assigned to a stator tooth (Z)_1,...,9) Wherein at an axial end (182) of the stator (120)Each two stator teeth (Z) directly adjacent on the peripheral side_1,...,9) At least one hook-shaped guide element (F) is arranged between the two_1-9) Said at least one hook-shaped guide element being assigned to the slot insulation (160), characterized in that two individual windings (E) in different phases (u, v, w)_1,...,9) At least one connecting line section (190) extending at least in sections and circumferentially between two stator teeth (Z) directly adjacent to each other on the circumferential side_1,...,9) Having at least one additional turn (240, 242) between which at least one hook-shaped guide element (F) is arranged_1-9) The at least one hook-shaped guide element is assigned to the slot insulation (160).

2. Electronically commutated electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the at least two additional turns (240, 242), proceeding from the axial end (182) of the stator (120), meander in a loop-like manner at least partially around two stator teeth (Z) directly adjacent on the circumferential side, starting from the axial end (182) of the stator (120)_1,...,9) And assigned guide elements (F)_1-9) And (4) guiding.

3. Electronically commutated motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each guide element (F)_1,2,5,6,7) Having at least one hook (230), wherein the single winding (E)_1,...,9) By means of said guide element (F)_1-9) Is fixed in position and/or electrically connected in the region of the axial end (182) to form the stator winding (150).

4. Electronically commutated motor according to any preceding claim, wherein a plurality of guide aids (250) are formed in the region of the outer face (176) of the slot insulation (160) for a single winding (E)_1,...,9) Is fixed in position of the at least one wire (198).

5. Electronically commutated motor according to any preceding claim, wherein the first line section (2) of the line of the at least two additional turns (240, 242)00) Extends from the first axial end (182) of the stator (120) through the first stator slot (N)₁) And the second wire section (202) surrounds the first stator tooth (Z)₁) A free end (186) remote from the first axial end, the first stator tooth (Z)₁) And the first stator slot (N)₁) Adjacent in the circumferential direction (U) and the third line segment (204) extends through the second stator slot (N)₂) Said second stator slot (N)₂) With the first stator tooth (Z)₁) Directly adjacent in the circumferential direction (U) and a fourth thread section (206) is wound around the hook-shaped guide element (F)₁) And extends from the hook-shaped guide element through the second stator slot (N) opposite the third wire section (204)₂) And the fifth line section (208) surrounds the second stator tooth (Z)₂) A free end (188) remote from the first axial end (182), the second stator tooth (Z)₂) And the second stator slot (N)₂) Are directly adjacent in the circumferential direction (U) and a sixth line section (210) is along the second stator tooth (Z)₂) Extends back to an outer face (176) of the slot insulation (160).

6. Electronically commutated motor according to claim 5, wherein the hook-shaped guide element (F)_1-9) Has a substantially quadrangular base plate (320) into which a U-shaped cut (330) is introduced for cutting out a tongue (334) which can be bent out of the plane (332) of the base plate (320) to form an integral hook (230).

7. The electronically commutated motor according to claim 6, wherein a receptacle (340) is formed between the at least one hook (230) and the base plate (320) for positionally securing and electrically contacting the at least one wire (198).

8. Electronically commutated motor according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the guide element (F)_1-9) Are constructed as stamped and formed parts from sheet metal.

9. Electronically commutated motor according to any preceding claim, wherein the at least one single winding (E)_1,...,9) With a correspondingly matched, preferably reduced number of turns, to compensate for the magnetic influence of the at least two additional turns (240, 242).

10. Electronically commutated electric machine according to any preceding claim, wherein the slot insulation (160) is configured with a plurality of insulators (162, 164) arranged circumferentially, wherein each stator tooth (Z) is configured with a plurality of stator teeth (Z)_1,...,9) Preferably, at least one insulator (162, 164) is assigned in each case.