CN111682243A - Quick cold start system and quick cold start method for fuel cell - Google Patents
Quick cold start system and quick cold start method for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN111682243A CN111682243A CN202010480219.1A CN202010480219A CN111682243A CN 111682243 A CN111682243 A CN 111682243A CN 202010480219 A CN202010480219 A CN 202010480219A CN 111682243 A CN111682243 A CN 111682243A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04798—Concentration; Density of fuel cell reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell quick cold start system and a quick cold start method, wherein the system comprises a controller, an air subsystem and a hydrogen subsystem which are respectively connected with a galvanic pile, the air subsystem comprises a back pressure valve, an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler and an air inlet stop valve which are sequentially connected, the air subsystem also comprises an air inlet regulating valve, the air inlet regulating valve is respectively connected with the air filter and the air compressor, and the controller controls the air inlet regulating valve; the method comprises the following steps: the controller controls the opening of the air inlet adjusting valve, so that the excess air coefficient is controlled to reduce the external output efficiency of the fuel cell, meanwhile, the compression ratio of the air compressor is adjusted, and the power consumption of the air compressor is increased to improve the air inlet temperature. Compared with the prior art, the method can realize quick cold start without auxiliary preheating and the success rate of cold start.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a quick cold start system and a quick cold start method of a fuel cell.
Background
The fuel cell is a power generation device which directly converts chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, and the fuel cell system has high energy conversion efficiency, is an ideal energy utilization mode, and has wide development prospect in commercial application. For the fuel cell system on the vehicle, it is required to have a rapid cold start performance. The main problem of cold start at present is that water generated in the starting process of the galvanic pile freezes in a fuel cell flow channel, a gas diffusion layer and a catalyst layer to cause reaction stop, so that starting failure is caused; there is also a risk that the components freeze during start-up resulting in a failed start-up of the system.
At present, the cold start method is mainly an external auxiliary heating method and a heat preservation method, and the external auxiliary heating method is also divided into an external heat source and an internal heat source. The method firstly needs to add additional accessories, improves the complexity, cost and power consumption of the system, and has generally longer starting time.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a system and a method for quickly starting a fuel cell by cold start, which overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a fuel cell quick cold start system comprises a controller, an air subsystem and a hydrogen subsystem which are respectively connected with a galvanic pile, the air subsystem comprises a back pressure valve, an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler and an air inlet stop valve which are connected in sequence, the air inlet stop valve is connected with an air inlet of the electric pile, the backpressure valve is respectively connected with an air outlet of the electric pile and an exhaust pipe, the hydrogen subsystem comprises a water separator, a water discharge electromagnetic valve, a proportional valve and an ejector which are connected in sequence, the ejector is connected with a hydrogen inlet of the galvanic pile, the water separator is respectively connected with a hydrogen outlet of the galvanic pile, the ejector and the water discharge electromagnetic valve, the water drainage electromagnetic valve is connected with the exhaust pipe, the air subsystem further comprises an air inlet adjusting valve, the air inlet adjusting valve is respectively connected with the air filter and the air compressor, and the controller controls the air inlet adjusting valve.
The proportional valve is connected with the ejector through an intercooler.
The water discharge electromagnetic valve comprises a valve seat, a valve rod and an electromagnetic coil, wherein the valve rod moves by electrifying and cutting off the electromagnetic coil, the valve rod and the electromagnetic coil are installed on the valve seat, a fluid inlet flow channel and a fluid outlet flow channel are formed by the valve seat, a diaphragm is arranged between the fluid inlet flow channel and the fluid outlet flow channel and the valve rod, and the diaphragm prevents fluid entering the flow channel and fluid exiting the flow channel from entering a sliding gap formed between the valve rod and the valve seat.
The fluid inlet channel and the fluid outlet channel are flush with each other relative to the valve rod, and the diaphragm is arranged on a channel contact surface of the valve rod.
The diaphragm and the valve rod are integrally formed.
The diaphragm is connected with the valve seat, and the movement of the valve rod enables the diaphragm to be tightened or loosened.
The diaphragm is a rubber diaphragm.
The power of the electromagnetic coil is 100W.
A rapid cold start method using the fuel cell rapid cold start system, the method comprising:
the controller controls the opening of the air inlet adjusting valve, so that the excess air coefficient is controlled to reduce the external output efficiency of the fuel cell, meanwhile, the compression ratio of the air compressor is adjusted, and the power consumption of the air compressor is increased to improve the air inlet temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the control of the over potential of the concentration difference and the compression ratio of the air compressor is realized through an air inlet regulating valve: the air excess coefficient is reduced through the control of the air inlet regulating valve and the air compressor, so that the oxygen partial pressure is reduced, the concentration overpotential is increased, the external output efficiency of the fuel cell is reduced, and as much chemical energy as possible is converted into heat energy for heating the fuel cell stack body; simultaneously, the air inlet pressure of the air compressor is reduced, the pressure ratio of the air compressor is improved, heat production is increased, the temperature of an air inlet is improved, and the heating rate of the fuel cell stack is further improved.
(2) The hydrogen inlet temperature is improved by adopting hydrogen-air heat exchange of an intercooler: air after will rising temperature through the intercooler carries out the heat transfer with cold hydrogen, improves hydrogen inlet temperature, avoids at cold start-up in-process, hydrogen way spare part and pipeline secondary phenomenon of freezing.
(3) Fast cold start without auxiliary heating: the adopted rapid cold start system and the control thereof can improve the heat production rate of the galvanic pile and the heating rate of the system, and improve the temperature of the hydrogen gas path through the intercooler, thereby realizing the rapid cold start without auxiliary preheating and the success rate of the cold start.
(4) Improve drainage solenoid valve structural design: the valve rod of the water discharge electromagnetic valve is isolated from the fluid medium, so that liquid water is prevented from entering a gap between the valve rod and the wall surface of the valve seat, and after the system is stopped, the temperature is reduced to be below the freezing point, so that the freezing between the valve rod and the wall surface of the valve seat can be prevented, and the quick cold start of the fuel cell is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell rapid cold start system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a drain solenoid valve according to the present invention;
reference numerals:
1 is a galvanic pile; 2 is an air filter; 3 is an air inlet regulating valve; 4 is an air compressor; 5 is an intercooler; 6 is an air inlet stop valve; 7 is a back pressure valve; 8 is an exhaust pipe; 9 is a valve seat; 10 is a valve rod; 11 is an electromagnetic coil; 12 is a diaphragm; 13 is a fluid inlet flow channel; 14 is a fluid discharge flow passage; 15 is a proportional valve; 16 is an ejector; 17 is a water discharge electromagnetic valve; 18 is a water separator.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Examples
The embodiment provides a fuel cell rapid cold start system and a control method thereof, the fuel cell rapid cold start system comprises a controller, an air subsystem and a hydrogen subsystem which are respectively connected with an electric pile 1, the air subsystem comprises a backpressure valve 7, an air filter 2, an air compressor 4, an intercooler 5 and an air inlet stop valve 6 which are sequentially connected, the air inlet stop valve 6 is connected with an air inlet of the electric pile 1, the backpressure valve 7 is respectively connected with an exhaust pipe 8 and an air outlet of the electric pile 1, the hydrogen subsystem comprises a water separator 18, a water discharge electromagnetic valve 17, a proportional valve 15 and an ejector 16 which are sequentially connected, the ejector 16 is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the electric pile 1, the water separator 18 is respectively connected with the hydrogen outlet of the electric pile 1, the ejector 16 and the water discharge electromagnetic valve 17, the water discharge electromagnetic valve 17 is connected with the exhaust pipe 8, the air subsystem further comprises an air inlet regulating valve 3, the air inlet regulating valve 3 is respectively connected with the, the controller controls the intake air adjusting valve 3.
Particularly, inlet regulating valve 3 links to each other with 2 exports of air cleaner, 3 exit linkage air compressor machine 4's of inlet regulating valve entry, 4 exports of air compressor machine link to each other with 5 air inlet of intercooler, 15 exports of proportional valve link to each other with 5 hydrogen inlets of intercooler, 5 air outlet of intercooler links to each other with 6 imports of the stop valve that admits air, 1 air inlet of galvanic pile links to each other with 6 exports of the stop valve that admits air, 1 air outlet of galvanic pile links to each other with 7 entrances of backpressure valve, 7 exports of backpressure valve link to each other with 8 air inlet of blast pipe, 5 hydrogen outlets of intercooler link to each other with ejector 16's efflux inlet, ejector 16's export links to each other with 1 hydrogen inlet of galvanic pile, the export of water knockout drum 18 links to each other with ejector 16's efflux inlet and drainage solenoid.
In order to realize the rapid cold start without external heating, the heat generated by the stack and the heat of the reaction gas need to be increased to achieve the effect of rapid temperature rise, and the balance between the hydrogen and air temperature needs to be maintained. The basic idea of improving the heat production rate of the electric pile is to utilize the concentration overpotential of the fuel cell to reduce the external output efficiency of the fuel cell, and convert as much chemical energy as possible into heat energy for heating the electric pile body. The concentration overpotential means that the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell continuously consumes oxygen, so that the partial pressure (equivalent to concentration) of the actually supplied oxygen of an air subsystem of the fuel cell is different from the partial pressure of the oxygen in a cathode catalyst layer, the oxygen partial pressure difference is expressed as a pressure gradient in a gas diffusion layer and promotes the oxygen to diffuse towards the catalyst layer, the lower the oxygen partial pressure in the catalyst layer is, the higher the activation overpotential of the oxygen reduction reaction is, and the concentration overpotential is quantified by combining the increase of the activation overpotential and the difference of the oxygen partial pressure. And the concentration overpotential and the excess air coefficient have a quantitative relation, when the excess air coefficient is the same, the higher the current is, the higher the concentration overpotential is, and when the current is the same, the lower the excess coefficient is, the higher the concentration overpotential is, so that the heat production rate of the electric pile can be improved by controlling the excess air coefficient of the air inlet, and the excess air coefficient is realized by controlling the air inlet adjusting valve.
The air compressor is used as an oxidant and air inlet pressure required by reaction, the temperature of air can be raised in the process of compression work, the air compressor can be used for heating the electric pile, the power consumption of the air compressor is increased and the efficiency of the air compressor is reduced by increasing the compression ratio of the air compressor, so that the air inlet temperature is increased, the compression ratio of the air compressor is realized by controlling an air inlet adjusting valve, the compression ratio of the air compressor is increased while the excess air coefficient is reduced, in order to meet the requirement of concentration overpotential, the common excess coefficient is controlled between 1.0 and 1.2, and the balance of the two is achieved.
The temperature of the hydrogen path is also an important parameter in the cold start process, and if the temperature of the hydrogen path cannot be rapidly increased, the liquid water at the anode has the risk of secondary icing in the hydrogen path. Through the intercooler, the air after the air compressor machine compression intensifies carries out the heat transfer through intercooler and hydrogen, improves the temperature of hydrogen gas circuit to avoid secondary such as hydrogen way syringe, solenoid valve and pipeline to freeze.
Besides, if the drain solenoid valve 17 freezes, the cold start speed is also affected, and in order to realize rapid cold start, the drain solenoid valve 17 is designed to comprise a valve seat 9, a valve rod 10 and a solenoid coil 11, the solenoid coil 11 enables the valve rod 10 to move through power-on and power-off, the valve rod 10 and the solenoid coil 11 are installed on the valve seat 9, the valve seat 9 forms a fluid inlet flow channel 13 and a fluid outlet flow channel 14, a diaphragm 12 is arranged between the fluid inlet flow channel 13 and the fluid outlet flow channel 14 and the valve rod 10, and the diaphragm 12 prevents fluid entering the flow channel 13 and the fluid outlet flow channel 14 from entering a sliding gap formed between the valve rod 10 and the valve seat 9. The fluid inlet flow passage 13 and the fluid outlet flow passage 14 are flush with respect to the valve stem 10, the diaphragm 12 is provided on the flow passage contact surface of the valve stem 10, and the diaphragm 12 is integrally formed with the valve stem 10. Or diaphragm 12 is attached to valve seat 9, movement of valve stem 10 causes diaphragm 12 to tighten or loosen. The diaphragm 12 is a rubber diaphragm and the electromagnetic coil 11 has a power of 100W.
In order to meet the requirement of the electric pile on the intake impurities, the air is filtered by the air filter at the air inlet end. In order to meet the requirements of reducing the air excess coefficient and improving the compression ratio of the air compressor, the flow resistance of air inlet of the air compressor is adjusted through the air inlet adjusting valve, the pressure of the air inlet of the air compressor is adjusted, on the premise of meeting the air excess coefficient, the compression ratio of the air compressor is improved as much as possible, and the temperature of the outlet of the air compressor is improved. The air after rising the temperature carries out the heat transfer through the hydrogen of intercooler and proportional valve export to improve the temperature of hydrogen import, thereby improve hydrogen import temperature and reduced the risk that hydrogen way part freezes in cold start-up process, improve the success rate of cold start-up. The high-temperature air after heat exchange of the intercooler enters the electric pile through the air inlet stop valve, and fully exchanges heat with the electric pile, and the high-temperature air enters the gas diffusion layer through the flow channel and then reaches the catalyst layer, so that the cold start time of the fuel cell is reduced; and air at the outlet of the pile is exhausted through a backpressure valve.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a quick cold start-up system of fuel cell, includes controller and the air subsystem and the hydrogen subsystem that are connected with pile (1) respectively, the air subsystem includes back pressure valve (7) and air cleaner (2), air compressor machine (4), intercooler (5) that connect gradually and admit air stop valve (6), admit air stop valve (6) and pile (1) air inlet connection, back pressure valve (7) are connected with the air outlet of blast pipe (8) and pile (1) respectively, the hydrogen subsystem is connected with blast pipe (8), its characterized in that, the air subsystem still includes air intake control valve (3), air intake control valve (3) are connected with air cleaner (2) and air compressor machine (4) respectively, controller control air intake control valve (3).
2. The fuel cell quick cold start system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen subsystem comprises a water separator (18), a water discharge electromagnetic valve (17), and a proportional valve (15) and an ejector (16) which are connected in sequence, the ejector (16) is connected with a hydrogen inlet of the stack (1), the water separator (18) is respectively connected with a hydrogen outlet of the stack (1), the ejector (16) and the water discharge electromagnetic valve (17), the water discharge electromagnetic valve (17) is connected with the exhaust pipe (8), and the proportional valve (15) and the ejector (16) are connected through the intercooler (5).
3. The quick cold start system of a fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drain solenoid valve (17) comprises a valve seat (9), a valve stem (10) and a solenoid (11), the solenoid (11) moves the valve stem (10) by being energized and de-energized, the valve stem (10) and the solenoid (11) are mounted on the valve seat (9), the valve seat (9) forms a fluid inlet flow passage (13) and a fluid outlet flow passage (14), a diaphragm (12) is provided between the fluid inlet flow passage (13) and the fluid outlet flow passage (14) and the valve stem (10), and the diaphragm (12) prevents the fluid entering the flow passage (13) and the fluid outlet flow passage (14) from entering a sliding gap formed between the valve stem (10) and the valve seat (9).
4. A fuel cell rapid cold start-up system according to claim 3, wherein the fluid inlet channel (13) and the fluid outlet channel (14) are flush with respect to the valve stem (10), and the diaphragm (12) is disposed at a channel contact surface of the valve stem (10).
5. A fuel cell rapid cold start system according to claim 4, wherein the diaphragm (12) is integrally formed with the valve stem (10).
6. A fuel cell rapid cold start system according to claim 3, characterized in that the diaphragm (12) is connected to the valve seat (9) and the movement of the valve stem (10) causes the diaphragm (12) to tighten or loosen.
7. A fuel cell rapid cold start-up system according to claim 3, characterized in that the membrane (12) is a rubber membrane.
8. A fuel cell rapid cold start system according to claim 3, wherein the power of said electromagnetic coil (11) is 100W.
9. A rapid cold start method using the fuel cell rapid cold start system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising:
the controller controls the opening degree of the air inlet adjusting valve (3), so that the excess air coefficient is controlled to reduce the external output efficiency of the fuel cell, meanwhile, the compression ratio of the air compressor (4) is adjusted, and the power consumption of the air compressor (4) is increased to improve the temperature of air inlet.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010480219.1A CN111682243B (en) | 2020-05-30 | 2020-05-30 | Rapid cold start system and rapid cold start method for fuel cell |
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| CN202010480219.1A CN111682243B (en) | 2020-05-30 | 2020-05-30 | Rapid cold start system and rapid cold start method for fuel cell |
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| CN111682243A true CN111682243A (en) | 2020-09-18 |
| CN111682243B CN111682243B (en) | 2023-08-04 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113140749A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-20 | 苏州弗尔赛能源科技股份有限公司 | Low-temperature quick start control method and system for fuel cell |
| CN113629270A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-11-09 | 同济大学 | Fuel cell cathode recycling low-temperature starting system and control method thereof |
| CN113793952A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-12-14 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system and low-temperature starting control method and device thereof |
| CN115172815A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-11 | 中汽创智科技有限公司 | Cold start control system and method of fuel cell |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113140749A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-20 | 苏州弗尔赛能源科技股份有限公司 | Low-temperature quick start control method and system for fuel cell |
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| CN115172815B (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2024-04-05 | 中汽创智科技有限公司 | Cold start control system and method for fuel cell |
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| CN111682243B (en) | 2023-08-04 |
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