CN111682243A - A fuel cell rapid cold start system and rapid cold start method - Google Patents
A fuel cell rapid cold start system and rapid cold start method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04798—Concentration; Density of fuel cell reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种燃料电池快速冷启动系统及快速冷启动方法，系统包括控制器和分别与电堆连接的空气子系统和氢气子系统，空气子系统包括背压阀和依次连接的空气过滤器、空压机、中冷器和进气截止阀，空气子系统还包括进气调节阀，进气调节阀分别与空气过滤器和空压机连接，控制器控制进气调节阀；方法包括：控制器控制进气调节阀的开度，从而控制过量空气系数以降低燃料电池对外输出效率，同时调节空压机的压缩比，增加空压机的功耗以提高空气进气的温度。与现有技术相比，可以实现无辅助预热的快速冷启动以及冷启动的成功率。
The invention relates to a fuel cell rapid cold start system and rapid cold start method. The system includes a controller, an air subsystem and a hydrogen subsystem respectively connected to a stack, and the air subsystem includes a back pressure valve and an air filter connected in sequence. , an air compressor, an intercooler and an intake shut-off valve, the air subsystem further includes an intake regulating valve, the intake regulating valve is respectively connected with the air filter and the air compressor, and the controller controls the intake regulating valve; the method includes: The controller controls the opening of the intake regulating valve, thereby controlling the excess air coefficient to reduce the external output efficiency of the fuel cell, and at the same time adjusting the compression ratio of the air compressor to increase the power consumption of the air compressor to increase the temperature of the air intake. Compared with the prior art, rapid cold start without auxiliary preheating and the success rate of cold start can be achieved.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及燃料电池领域，尤其是涉及一种燃料电池快速冷启动系统及快速冷启动方法。The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell rapid cold start system and a rapid cold start method.
背景技术Background technique
燃料电池是一种把燃料所具有的化学能直接转换成电能的发电装置，燃料电池系统能量转换效率高，是一种理想的能源利用方式，商业化应用存在着广阔的发展前景。对于车载的燃料电池系统，需要具有快速的冷启动性能。冷启动目前主要问题是在电堆启动过程中生成水在燃料电池流道、气体扩散层以及催化层结冰造成反应停止，导致启动失败；另外也存在零部件在启动过程中结冰导致系统启动失败的风险。A fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy. The fuel cell system has high energy conversion efficiency and is an ideal energy utilization method. Commercial applications have broad prospects for development. For on-board fuel cell systems, fast cold-start performance is required. At present, the main problem of cold start is that during the start-up process of the stack, the water generated in the fuel cell flow channel, gas diffusion layer and catalytic layer freezes, causing the reaction to stop, resulting in the failure of start-up; in addition, there are also parts that freeze during the start-up process and cause the system to start. risk of failure.
目前冷启动的方法主要还是外部辅助加热以及保温等方法，外部辅助加热也分为外部热源和内部热源两种。上述的方法首先要增加额外的附件，提高了系统的复杂程度、成本、功耗，且启动时间普遍较长。At present, the methods of cold start are mainly external auxiliary heating and heat preservation methods. External auxiliary heating is also divided into two types: external heat source and internal heat source. The above method firstly needs to add additional accessories, which increases the complexity, cost, and power consumption of the system, and generally takes longer to start up.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种燃料电池快速冷启动系统及快速冷启动方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell rapid cold start system and a rapid cold start method in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：The object of the present invention can be realized through the following technical solutions:
一种燃料电池快速冷启动系统，包括控制器和分别与电堆连接的空气子系统和氢气子系统，所述空气子系统包括背压阀和依次连接的空气过滤器、空压机、中冷器和进气截止阀，所述进气截止阀与电堆的空气入口连接，所述背压阀分别与排气管和电堆的空气出口连接，所述氢气子系统包括分水器、排水电磁阀和依次连接的比例阀和引射器，所述引射器与电堆的氢气入口连接，所述分水器分别连接电堆的氢气出口、引射器和排水电磁阀，所述排水电磁阀与排气管连接，所述空气子系统还包括进气调节阀，所述进气调节阀分别与空气过滤器和空压机连接，所述控制器控制进气调节阀。A fuel cell quick cold start system includes a controller, an air subsystem and a hydrogen subsystem respectively connected to an electric stack, the air subsystem includes a back pressure valve and an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler connected in sequence The air inlet shut-off valve is connected to the air inlet of the stack, the back pressure valve is connected to the exhaust pipe and the air outlet of the stack, respectively, and the hydrogen subsystem includes a water separator, a drain A solenoid valve, a proportional valve and an ejector connected in sequence, the ejector is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the stack, the water separator is respectively connected to the hydrogen outlet of the stack, the ejector and the drain solenoid valve, the drain The solenoid valve is connected with the exhaust pipe, and the air subsystem further includes an intake regulating valve, which is respectively connected with the air filter and the air compressor, and the controller controls the intake regulating valve.
所述的比例阀和引射器通过中冷器连接。The proportional valve and the ejector are connected through an intercooler.
所述的排水电磁阀包括阀座、阀杆和电磁线圈，所述电磁线圈通过通电和断电使阀杆运动，所述阀杆和电磁线圈安装于阀座，所述阀座形成流体进入流道和流体排出流道，所述流体进入流道和流体排出流道与阀杆之间设有隔膜，所述隔膜阻止流体进入流道和流体排出流道的流体进入阀杆与阀座之间形成的滑动间隙。The drain solenoid valve includes a valve seat, a valve stem and a solenoid coil, the solenoid coil moves the valve stem by energizing and de-energizing, the valve stem and the solenoid coil are mounted on the valve seat, and the valve seat forms a fluid inlet flow. There is a diaphragm between the fluid inlet channel and the fluid outlet channel and the valve stem, the diaphragm prevents the fluid entering the fluid channel and the fluid outlet channel from entering between the valve stem and the valve seat formed sliding gap.
所述的流体进入流道和流体排出流道相对于阀杆平齐，所述隔膜设置于阀杆的流道接触面。The fluid inlet flow channel and the fluid outlet flow channel are flush with the valve stem, and the diaphragm is arranged on the flow channel contact surface of the valve stem.
所述的隔膜与阀杆一体成型。The diaphragm and the valve stem are integrally formed.
所述的隔膜与阀座连接，阀杆的运动使隔膜绷紧或松弛。The diaphragm is connected to the valve seat, and the movement of the valve stem causes the diaphragm to tighten or relax.
所述隔膜为橡胶隔膜。The diaphragm is a rubber diaphragm.
所述的电磁线圈的功率为100W。The power of the electromagnetic coil is 100W.
一种利用所述的燃料电池快速冷启动系统的快速冷启动方法，该方法包括：A rapid cold start method utilizing the fuel cell rapid cold start system, the method comprising:
控制器控制进气调节阀的开度，从而控制过量空气系数以降低燃料电池对外输出效率，同时调节空压机的压缩比，增加空压机的功耗以提高空气进气的温度。The controller controls the opening of the intake regulating valve, thereby controlling the excess air coefficient to reduce the external output efficiency of the fuel cell, and at the same time adjusting the compression ratio of the air compressor to increase the power consumption of the air compressor to increase the temperature of the air intake.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1)通过进气调节阀控制控制浓差过电势以及空压机的压缩比：通过进气调节阀与空压机的控制，降低空气过量系数，从而降低氧气分压，增加浓差过电势，拉低燃料电池对外输出效率，将尽可能多的化学能转化为热能用于燃料电池堆本体加热；同时降低空压机进气压力，提高空压机压比，产热增加，提高空气进口温度，进一步提升燃料电池堆的升温速率。(1) Control the concentration overpotential and the compression ratio of the air compressor through the control of the intake regulating valve: Through the control of the intake regulating valve and the air compressor, the excess air coefficient is reduced, thereby reducing the partial pressure of oxygen and increasing the concentration overpotential , reduce the external output efficiency of the fuel cell, convert as much chemical energy as possible into heat energy for heating the fuel cell stack body; at the same time reduce the air compressor intake pressure, increase the air compressor pressure ratio, increase heat production, and increase the air inlet temperature, and further increase the heating rate of the fuel cell stack.
(2)采用中冷器氢空换热提高氢气进气温度：通过中冷器将升温后的空气与冷氢气进行换热，提高氢气进气温度，避免在冷启动过程中，氢气路零部件及管路二次结冰现象。(2) Use the intercooler hydrogen-air heat exchange to increase the hydrogen intake temperature: the heated air is exchanged with cold hydrogen through the intercooler to increase the hydrogen intake temperature, so as to avoid the hydrogen circuit components during the cold start process. and secondary icing of pipelines.
(3)无辅助加热的快速冷启动：采用的快速冷启动系统及其控制可以提高电堆的产热速率以及系统的升温速率，并通过中冷器提高氢气路的温度，从而实现无辅助预热的快速冷启动以及冷启动的成功率。(3) Quick cold start without auxiliary heating: The rapid cold start system and its control can improve the heat generation rate of the stack and the heating rate of the system, and increase the temperature of the hydrogen circuit through the intercooler, so as to realize the unassisted preheating. Hot quick cold start and cold start success rate.
(4)改进排水电磁阀结构设计：将排水电磁阀的阀杆与流体介质隔绝，避免液态水进入阀杆与阀座壁面之间的间隙，系统停止后，温度降至冰点以下，可防止阀杆与阀座壁面之间结冰，有利于燃料电池的快速冷启动。(4) Improve the structure design of the drain solenoid valve: isolate the valve stem of the drain solenoid valve from the fluid medium to prevent liquid water from entering the gap between the valve stem and the valve seat wall. After the system stops, the temperature drops below freezing, which can prevent the valve Ice is formed between the stem and the wall of the valve seat, which is beneficial to the quick cold start of the fuel cell.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的燃料电池快速冷启动系统结构示意图；1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell rapid cold start system of the present invention;
图2为本发明的排水电磁阀结构示意图；2 is a schematic structural diagram of the drainage solenoid valve of the present invention;
附图标记：Reference number:
1为电堆；2为空气过滤器；3为进气调节阀；4为空压机；5为中冷器；6为进气截止阀；7为背压阀；8为排气管；9为阀座；10为阀杆；11为电磁线圈；12为隔膜；13为流体进入流道；14为流体排出流道；15为比例阀；16为引射器；17为排水电磁阀；18为分水器。1 is the stack; 2 is the air filter; 3 is the intake regulating valve; 4 is the air compressor; 5 is the intercooler; 6 is the intake shut-off valve; 7 is the back pressure valve; 8 is the exhaust pipe; 9 10 is the valve stem; 11 is the solenoid coil; 12 is the diaphragm; 13 is the fluid entering the flow channel; 14 is the fluid discharging flow channel; 15 is the proportional valve; 16 is the ejector; 17 is the drain solenoid valve; 18 for the water separator.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本实施例以本发明技术方案为前提进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
实施例Example
本实施例提供一种燃料电池快速冷启动系统及其控制方法，燃料电池快速冷启动系统包括控制器和分别与电堆1连接的空气子系统和氢气子系统，空气子系统包括背压阀7和依次连接的空气过滤器2、空压机4、中冷器5和进气截止阀6，进气截止阀6与电堆1的空气入口连接，背压阀7分别与排气管8和电堆1的空气出口连接，氢气子系统包括分水器18、排水电磁阀17和依次连接的比例阀15和引射器16，引射器16与电堆1的氢气入口连接，分水器18分别连接电堆1的氢气出口、引射器16和排水电磁阀17，排水电磁阀17与排气管8连接，空气子系统还包括进气调节阀3，进气调节阀3分别与空气过滤器2和空压机4连接，控制器控制进气调节阀3。This embodiment provides a fuel cell rapid cold start system and a control method thereof. The fuel cell rapid cold start system includes a controller, an air subsystem and a hydrogen subsystem respectively connected to the stack 1 , and the air subsystem includes a back pressure valve 7 And the air filter 2, the air compressor 4, the intercooler 5 and the intake cut-off valve 6 connected in sequence, the intake cut-off valve 6 is connected with the air inlet of the stack 1, and the back pressure valve 7 is respectively connected with the
具体而言，进气调节阀3与空气过滤器2出口相连，进气调节阀3出口连接空压机4的入口，空压机4出口与中冷器5空气入口相连，比例阀15出口与中冷器5氢气入口相连，中冷器5空气出口与进气截止阀6进口相连，电堆1空气入口与进气截止阀6出口相连，电堆1空气出口与背压阀7入口相连，背压阀7出口与排气管8空气入口相连，中冷器5氢气出口与引射器16的射流入口相连，引射器16的出口与电堆1氢气入口相连，分水器18的出口分别与引射器16的射流入口以及排水电磁阀17的进口相连，排水电磁阀17出口与排气管8的氢气进口相连。Specifically, the intake regulating valve 3 is connected to the outlet of the air filter 2, the outlet of the intake regulating valve 3 is connected to the inlet of the air compressor 4, the outlet of the air compressor 4 is connected to the air inlet of the intercooler 5, and the outlet of the
为了实现无外部加热的快速冷启动，需要提高电堆自身产热以及反应气体的热量来达到快速升温的效果，同时需要保持氢气和空气温度的均衡。提高电堆的产热速率的基本思路是利用燃料电池的浓差过电势拉低燃料电池对外输出效率，将尽可能多的化学能转化为热能用于电堆本体加热。浓差过电势是指，燃料电池电化学反应不断消耗氧气，导致燃料电池空气子系统实际供给氧气分压力(等效于浓度)与阴极催化剂层内氧气分压力不同，氧气分压力差值表现为气体扩散层内的压力梯度、促进氧气朝着催化剂层扩散，催化剂层内氧气分压力越低则氧气还原反应的活化过电势越高，结合活化过电势升高与氧气分压力差异，从而量化为浓差过电势。而浓差过电势与过量空气系数间存在量化关系，相同过量空气系数时，电流越高、浓差过电势越高，相同电流时，过量系数越低、浓差过电势越高，因此提高电堆的产热速率可以通过控制进气的过量空气系数，过量空气系数通过控制进气调节阀实现。In order to achieve a rapid cold start without external heating, it is necessary to increase the heat generation of the stack itself and the heat of the reaction gas to achieve the effect of rapid temperature rise, and at the same time, it is necessary to maintain the balance of the temperature of hydrogen and air. The basic idea of improving the heat production rate of the stack is to use the concentration overpotential of the fuel cell to reduce the external output efficiency of the fuel cell, and convert as much chemical energy as possible into heat energy for the heating of the stack body. Concentration overpotential means that the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell continuously consumes oxygen, resulting in the difference between the actual oxygen partial pressure (equivalent to the concentration) supplied by the fuel cell air subsystem and the oxygen partial pressure in the cathode catalyst layer, and the oxygen partial pressure difference is expressed as The pressure gradient in the gas diffusion layer promotes the diffusion of oxygen toward the catalyst layer. The lower the oxygen partial pressure in the catalyst layer, the higher the activation overpotential of the oxygen reduction reaction. Combining the activation overpotential increase and the difference in oxygen partial pressure, it is quantified as Concentration overpotential. There is a quantitative relationship between the concentration overpotential and the excess air coefficient. When the excess air coefficient is the same, the higher the current is, the higher the concentration overpotential is. When the current is the same, the lower the excess coefficient and the higher the concentration overpotential is. The heat generation rate of the stack can be achieved by controlling the excess air ratio of the intake air, which is achieved by controlling the intake air regulating valve.
除了提高电堆的产热速率，空压机作为反应所需的氧化剂以及进气压力，在压缩做功的过程中，会使气体升温，可以用来给电堆加热，通过提高空压机的压缩比来增加空压机的功耗并降低空压机的效率，从而提高空气进气的温度，空压机的压缩比通过控制进气调节阀实现，在降低过量空气系数的同时增加空压机的压缩比，为了满足浓差过电势的需求，一般过量系数控制在1.0-1.2之间，达到二者的平衡。In addition to improving the heat generation rate of the stack, the air compressor acts as the oxidant and intake pressure required for the reaction. During the process of compression and work, the gas will heat up, which can be used to heat the stack. By increasing the compression of the air compressor Recently, the power consumption of the air compressor is increased and the efficiency of the air compressor is reduced, thereby increasing the temperature of the air intake. In order to meet the demand of concentration overpotential, the excess coefficient is generally controlled between 1.0-1.2 to achieve a balance between the two.
氢气路的温度也是冷启动过程中重要的参数，如果氢气路的温度无法快速升高，阳极的液态水在氢气管路中存在二次结冰的风险。通过中冷器，将空压机压缩升温后的空气通过中冷器与氢气进行换热，提高氢气路的温度，从而避免氢气路引射器、电磁阀以及管路等二次结冰。The temperature of the hydrogen circuit is also an important parameter in the cold start process. If the temperature of the hydrogen circuit cannot be rapidly increased, the liquid water of the anode will be at risk of secondary freezing in the hydrogen circuit. Through the intercooler, the air compressed and heated by the air compressor is exchanged with hydrogen through the intercooler to increase the temperature of the hydrogen circuit, thereby avoiding secondary freezing of the hydrogen circuit ejector, solenoid valve and pipeline.
除此之外，如果排水电磁阀17结冰，也会影响冷启动速度，为了实现快速冷启动，排水电磁阀17设计包括阀座9、阀杆10和电磁线圈11，电磁线圈11通过通电和断电使阀杆10运动，阀杆10和电磁线圈11安装于阀座9，阀座9形成流体进入流道13和流体排出流道14，流体进入流道13和流体排出流道14与阀杆10之间设有隔膜12，隔膜12阻止流体进入流道13和流体排出流道14的流体进入阀杆10与阀座9之间形成的滑动间隙。流体进入流道13和流体排出流道14相对于阀杆10平齐，隔膜12设置于阀杆10的流道接触面，隔膜12与阀杆10一体成型。或隔膜12与阀座9连接，阀杆10的运动使隔膜12绷紧或松弛。隔膜12为橡胶隔膜，电磁线圈11的功率为100W。In addition, if the drain solenoid valve 17 freezes, it will also affect the cold start speed. In order to achieve fast cold start, the drain solenoid valve 17 is designed to include a
本实施例为了满足电堆对进气杂质的要求，进气端通过空气过滤器对空气进行过滤。为了同时满足降低空气过量系数以及提高空压机的压缩比的要求，通过进气调节阀调节空压机进气的流阻，调节空压机进气口的压力，在满足空气过量系数的前提下，尽量提高空压机的压缩比，提高空压机出口的温度。升温后的空气经中冷器与比例阀出口的氢气进行换热，从而提高氢气进口的温度，提高氢气进口温度从而降低了氢气路部件在冷启动过程中结冰的风险，提高冷启动的成功率。经中冷器换热后的高温空气经过进气截止阀进入电堆，与电堆进行充分换热，高温空气经流道进入气体扩散层，再到催化层，从而降低燃料电池冷启动的时间；电堆出口的空气经背压阀排出。In this embodiment, in order to meet the requirements of the stack on the impurities in the intake air, the air is filtered through the air filter at the intake end. In order to meet the requirements of reducing the excess air coefficient and increasing the compression ratio of the air compressor at the same time, the flow resistance of the intake air of the air compressor is adjusted through the intake regulating valve, and the pressure of the air inlet of the air compressor is adjusted. On the premise of satisfying the excess air coefficient , try to increase the compression ratio of the air compressor and increase the temperature of the air compressor outlet. The heated air exchanges heat with the hydrogen at the outlet of the proportional valve through the intercooler, thereby increasing the temperature of the hydrogen inlet, which reduces the risk of freezing of the hydrogen circuit components during the cold start process and improves the success of the cold start. Rate. The high-temperature air after heat exchange by the intercooler enters the stack through the intake shut-off valve, and conducts sufficient heat exchange with the stack. ; The air at the stack outlet is discharged through the back pressure valve.
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