CN111681733A - 一种肠道菌群移植供体的筛选方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种肠道菌群移植供体的筛选方法。该法首先通过与供体沟通,告知供体菌群移植概念以及填写问卷的注意事项后,经供体基本信息登记、临床评估、胃肠道致病菌检测、血液检测的过程,筛选出合格的健康供体,有效期三个月。健康供体三个月后需要再次进行胃肠道致病菌检测、血液检测过程的筛查,只有再次筛选符合要求的供体方为合格供体。本发明致力于建立一个科学合理的菌群移植供体筛选方法,既能提高健康供体的素质,以最大程度的保证移植的安全性和有效性,同时也为国家制定相关的标准提供依据和参考。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生物医学技术领域,具体涉及一种肠道菌群移植供体的筛 选方法。
背景技术
菌群移植(Human Microbiota Transplantation,HMT或FMT)指将健康供 体的肠道菌群通过智能肠菌处理系统制成混悬液或胶囊,移植到患者胃肠道内, 通过重建患者正常功能的肠道菌群以实现其肠道及肠道外疾病的治疗。供体是 指潜在的为菌群移植提供粪便的人。
菌群移植在我国是一门新技术,国家尚未制定相关供体筛选标准。现有的 供体筛选方法多为各研究项目自定义,总体上筛选方法不论是涉及面还是专业 程度都不高,导致筛选结果不理想,容易让一些供体以次充好。然而,健康供 体健康与否,带给病人的风险却会是致命的,健康合格的供体必须通过严格筛 选得到。因此,本发明致力于建立一个科学合理的菌群移植供体筛选方法,以 最大程度的保证移植的安全性,同时也为国家制定相关的标准提供依据和参考。
发明内容
本发明提供一种科学合理的菌群移植供体的筛选方法,在问卷调查供体的 基本信息和供体各种健康史的基础上结合了粪便培养,血清学筛查,按照阶段 筛选的逻辑逐一通过每个阶段严密的筛选,最终筛选得到优质的健康供体,从 而最大程度的保证了菌群移植的安全性和有效性,同时也为国家制定相关的标 准提供依据和参考。
为了实现上述目的,通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种肠道菌群移植供体的筛选方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)告知供体关于菌群移植的概念、菌群移植对病人的治疗价值、菌群移 植的适应证、菌群移植的国内外现状;
(2)填写问卷调查包括基本信息、疾病史、个人史、过敏史、胃肠道症状 评分、饮食情况、性格分类,用专业分析网页对问卷调查供体的健康方面进行 分析;
(3)对通过步骤(2)筛选的供体进行临床评估;
(4)对通过步骤(3)筛选的供体进行胃肠道致病菌检测;
(5)对通过步骤(4)筛选的供体进行血液检测;
(6)根据血液检测结果判断供体,合格人员即为本次健康供体。
进一步地,步骤(3)中临床评估表内容包括:基本信息、评估项目和量表 评估三方面内容。
更进一步地,基本信息包括:姓名、性别、年龄、民族、体重、身高职业、 工作单位、居住地、出生地、婚姻情况。
更进一步地,评估项目包括:身体质量指数、社会史、旅游史、既往史、 手术史、过敏史、用药史、家族史、个人史、有毒有害物质接触史。
更进一步地,量化评估包括:胃肠道评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、汉密尔顿 抑郁量表、国际智商量表、国际情商量表、四种气质测试、其他综合评估。
进一步地,步骤(4)中胃肠道致病菌检测包括:大便常规、大便隐血、肠 道寄生虫、致病病毒、致病细菌、多重耐药菌和幽门螺旋杆菌。
更进一步地,致病病毒包括轮状病毒、诺如病毒、腺病毒和新型冠状病毒。
更进一步地,致病细菌包括艰难梭菌、痢疾杆菌、志贺菌、沙门菌、霍乱 弧菌属、单核细胞李斯特菌、埃希式杆菌、鼠疫杆菌和大肠弯曲杆菌。
进一步地,步骤(5)中血液检测包括:
血常规检查、肝功能、肾功能、血脂、C-反应蛋白测定、甲型肝炎抗体测 定、乙型肝炎两对半、丙型肝炎抗体测定、戊型肝炎抗体测定、艾滋病抗体、 梅毒螺旋体特异抗体测定、不加热血液反应、新型冠状病毒抗体IgG/IgM、TORCH IgM五项和癌胚抗原检查。
进一步地,步骤(5)中合格人员的有效期三个月,三个月后需要再次进行 步骤(4)和步骤(5)的筛查,只有再次筛选符合要求的供体方为合格供体。
有益效果:
1.本发明建立的供体筛选标准方法,将筛选过程条理化逐步筛选避免了筛 选过程中的资源浪费,并且增加了筛选项目。
问卷调查阶段在整体上通过观察供体的生活习性与过往既往病史对供体的 健康状况做一个综合判断,弥补了临床评估、胃肠道致病菌检测、血液检测所 不能覆盖的范围。如有些不良生活饮食或者亚健康的人,这些人其实体内肠道 菌群分布已经发生变化,他们并不是菌群移植所需要的合格供体,如不在问卷 调查阶段过滤掉,也能通过其他三个阶段的筛选,容易鱼目混珠。因此,问卷 调查阶段看似简单,其实际意义深远,一百多项问题的设置描述了一个供体健 康状况的画像,而现有技术中一般用没有不良性嗜好来简单概括。
临床评估阶段通过增加评定量表的形式排除焦虑、抑郁等心理疾病,而现 有技术忽视供体心理健康,只是通过简单的问答和临床医生的经验进行健康状 况的诊断。而本发明则是通过专业的神经心理相关量表,客观评估潜在供体的 心理状态,排除心理疾病。
胃肠致病菌检测阶段委托医院进行,设置5大检验项目,对多种肠道寄生 虫、多种粪便病毒(包括新冠病毒)、多种致病细菌、多种多重耐药菌和幽门 螺旋杆菌进行筛查。标准严格,检测内容清晰具有操作性。前期筛选工作中中 发现,幽门螺旋杆菌检测十分重要,发病率高,排除率最高,应该优先检测。 血液检测阶段委托医院进行,检查项目具体、多样针对性强。现有技术一般只 限供体HIV,甲肝、乙肝、丙肝、梅毒等常见传染性疾病的检测。本发明不仅 包含以上常见传染病的检查,同时还增加新型冠状病毒抗体IgG/IgM、 EB-VcA-IgM、TORCH IgM五项的等检查,最大限度的降低因菌群移植造成的 疾病传染。
2.本发明方法填补了菌群移植相关供体筛选的空白,根据本方法筛选的供 体通过16S rRNA测试分析,表现出极高的稳定性,有利于提高菌群移植的有 效率是一套安全、可靠、稳定的菌群移植供体筛选体系。
附图说明
图1是供者样本随时间变化与Bray-Curtis差异的比较;
图2是主成分分析结果与核心属的散点图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的描述,有必要在此指出的是以下实施 例只是用于对本发明进行进一步的说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制, 该领域的技术熟练人员根据上述发明内容所做出的一些非本质的改进和调整, 仍属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种肠道菌群移植供体的筛选方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)告知供体菌群移植的概念、对病人的治疗价值、菌群移植的适应证、 国内外现状。确保供体已经明白菌群移植可能存在疾病传染的风险,让供体明 白菌群移植供体的信息对治疗十分重要,故其必须接受比献血更严格的医学筛 查,并且意识到必须根据实际情况填写问卷内容。
(2)问卷调查:填写基本信息(姓名,年龄,BMI,常住地址,工作等)、 疾病史、个人史、过敏史、胃肠道症状评分、饮食情况、性格分类等共一百余 项的内容。供体在问卷调查专业分析网站上(网站链接为:
https://www.wjx.cn/jq/70504464.aspx)提交第一阶段的线上问卷调查后,网页后台对供体的健康进行专业的分析并下载结果,符合本次筛选的供体则进入 第二阶段的临床评估供体筛查。
(3)临床评估:由执业医师对供体进行。临床评估表内容包括基本信息、 评估项目、量表评估三大块内容。
基本信息包括:姓名、性别、年龄、民族、体重、身高职业、工作单位、 居住地、出生地、婚姻情况等;
评估项目包括:BMI(>30kg/m2);社会史:喝酒,吸烟,熬夜等;常住地 址:能否满足捐献的连续性;旅游史:近期是否到过高风险传染病疫区;既往 史:有无患过传染病、地方病和其他疾病,有无外伤、手术史,以及药物、食 物和其他接触物过敏史;用药史:捐赠前3个月是否有抗生素使用史等;家族 史:是否有遗传病、消化系统、血液系统、肠癌或炎症性肠病等家族史;个人 史:有无冶游史等,从事过的职业,劳动保护情况及工作环境,有毒有害物质、 致病微生物接触史;
量化评估包括:胃肠道评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAM-A)、汉密尔顿抑 郁量表(HADS)、国际智商量表、国际情商量表、四种气质测试和其他综合 评估;
经过执业医师对供体进行专业的临床评估,被评为合格供体的才能进入胃 肠道致病菌检测的供体筛查。医生认为不适合供体理由(存在其他疾病风险或 体征)和评估人员签字确认和日期。
(4)胃肠道致病菌检测:由医院对供体进行检测,具体检测内容如下表1。
表1 胃肠道致病菌检测
医院根据供体胃肠道致病菌检测检测的具体结果出具专业的检测报告,根 据报告结果合格的供体则进入胃肠道致病菌的筛查。
(5)血液检测:由医院对供体进行血液检测,血液检测具体内容见下表2。
表2 血液检测项目
结果:采用本发明对2071个供体进行筛选,筛选出66个成为合格供体, 合格率为3.19%。较低的供体合格率佐证了本筛选方案的严苛性。同时,这些 供体的菌群移植治疗的有效率提高,如炎症肠病患者有效率从65%提高至80%。
进一步的,将本方案筛选出的20个合格供体,采集供体一年左右不同时间 点粪便作为样本(每个供体取样不低于7次),进行肠道菌群16S rRNA测序 分析,并将每个供体不同时间点的样本合并后作为一组,利用Bray-Curtis距离 系数做组内稳定性评估指标,Anosim统计方法做组间差异分析。结果表明,本 方案筛选出的供体组内是稳定的,组内差异小于组间的差异,如图1所示,随 着采样周期的增加,每个供者样本之间存在差异,但是在稳定范围内波动,并 且小于组间的差异(Anosim p值<0.0001,R=0.9982);筛选出的供体组内的差 异较小,如图2所示,其中横轴和纵轴分别表示第一主分量(PC1)和第二主 分量(PC2)的贡献率,从图2中可知,每个点代表一个样本,很明显相同供 体的样本点聚集在一起,离散程度底,由此可知,供体稳定性良好。
(6)供体的有效期筛选
供体的身体健康状况随着时间推移是在不断变化的,应对已筛选合格的供 体再次确认是否仍然符合要求。由于上述曾经的合格供体已经严格筛选一次, 甚至有的供体已经捐献过优质的粪便,所以这些供体三个月后,只需要再次进 行胃肠道致病菌和血液检测的筛查,这些检验结果未见异常后即可判断为合格 供体。
Claims (10)
1.一种肠道菌群移植供体的筛选方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)告知供体关于菌群移植的概念、菌群移植对病人的治疗价值、菌群移植的适应证、菌群移植的国内外现状;
(2)填写问卷调查包括基本信息、疾病史、个人史、过敏史、胃肠道症状评分、饮食情况、性格分类,用专业分析网页对问卷调查供体的健康方面进行分析;
(3)对通过步骤(2)筛选的供体进行临床评估;
(4)对通过步骤(3)筛选的供体进行胃肠道致病菌检测;
(5)对通过步骤(4)筛选的供体进行血液检测;
(6)根据血液检测结果判断供体,合格人员即为本次健康供体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的筛选方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中临床评估表内容包括:基本信息、评估项目和量表评估三方面内容。
3.根据权利要求2所述的筛选方法,其特征在于,所述基本信息包括:姓名、性别、年龄、民族、体重、身高职业、工作单位、居住地、出生地、婚姻情况。
4.根据权利要求2所述的筛选方法,其特征在于,所述评估项目包括:
身体质量指数、社会史、旅游史、既往史、手术史、过敏史、用药史、家族史、个人史、有毒有害物质接触史。
5.根据权利要求2所述的筛选方法,其特征在于,所述量化评估包括:胃肠道评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、国际智商量表、国际情商量表、四种气质测试和其他综合评估。
6.根据权利要求1所述的筛选方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中胃肠道致病菌检测包括:大便常规、大便隐血、肠道寄生虫、致病病毒、常见致病细菌、多重耐药菌和幽门螺旋杆菌。
7.根据权利要求6所述的筛选方法,其特征在于,所述致病病毒包括轮状病毒、诺如病毒、腺病毒和新型冠状病毒。
8.根据权利要求6所述的筛选方法,其特征在于,所述常见致病细菌包括艰难梭菌、痢疾杆菌、志贺菌、沙门菌、霍乱弧菌属、单核细胞李斯特菌、埃希式杆菌、鼠疫杆菌和大肠弯曲杆菌。
9.根据权利要求1所述的筛选方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中血液检测包括:
血常规、肝功能、肾功能、血脂、C-反应蛋白测定、甲型肝炎抗体测定、乙型肝炎两对半、丙型肝炎抗体测定、戊型肝炎抗体测定、艾滋病抗体、梅毒螺旋体特异抗体测定、不加热血液反应、新型冠状病毒抗体IgG/IgM、TORCH IgM五项和癌胚抗原检查。
10.根据权利要求1所述的筛选方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中合格人员的有效期三个月,三个月后需要再次进行步骤(4)和步骤(5)的筛查,只有再次筛选符合要求的供体方为合格供体。
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