CN111679056A - Water and soil loss monitoring method - Google Patents
Water and soil loss monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111679056A CN111679056A CN202010522480.3A CN202010522480A CN111679056A CN 111679056 A CN111679056 A CN 111679056A CN 202010522480 A CN202010522480 A CN 202010522480A CN 111679056 A CN111679056 A CN 111679056A
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/246—Earth materials for water content
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil erosion amount monitoring method, which belongs to the field of soil erosion monitoring and adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps: s1, regularly adopting a comprehensive investigation mode, arranging a plurality of sections by adopting a GPS lambda-determining instrument in combination with tools such as a topographic map, a digital camera, a distance measuring instrument, a height measuring instrument, a mark post, a ruler and the like through field and field surveying, selecting a plurality of soil loss monitoring points, arranging at least three section sampling points at the downstream of each soil loss monitoring point before raining, and arranging a water collecting cylinder at the sampling points; s2, a flow monitor is arranged at the water outlet of the water collecting cylinder arranged in the step S1, and a remote controller is arranged on the water collecting cylinder and connected with the control center.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a monitoring method, in particular to a water and soil loss monitoring method.
Background
The utilization of the land by human beings, particularly the unreasonable development and operation of water and soil resources, leads the covering of the soil to be damaged, the bare soil to be eroded by water power, and the rock is bare after long-time water power erosion, thus generating more serious water and soil loss. According to the two general surveys of the water conservation department on the water and soil loss area condition of the whole country after the country is built. The first time, beginning in 1983, the water conservancy department developed a general survey of water and soil loss across the country using remote sensing technology. By 1989, the total area of various water and soil losses in China is 492 kilometres square. The second census of 1992 resulted in a water and soil loss area of 367 ten thousand square kilometers. The large water and soil loss area inevitably causes the attention of the relevant experts and scholars in all circles.
Therefore, at present, a method and an instrument for monitoring the slope erosion gully can quantitatively monitor the soil erosion gully, but for monitoring the water and soil loss of a certain fixed land, the water of a rainfall is collected into a reservoir at present, and the rainfall is measured by a method of manual stirring, sampling, distilling and weighing after the rainfall stops.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a water and soil loss monitoring method which has the advantages of reducing the manual investment and reducing the errors caused in the sampling process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a soil erosion amount monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1, regularly adopting a comprehensive investigation mode, arranging a plurality of sections by adopting a GPS lambda-determining instrument in combination with tools such as a topographic map, a digital camera, a distance measuring instrument, a height measuring instrument, a mark post, a ruler and the like through field and field surveying, selecting a plurality of soil loss monitoring points, arranging at least three section sampling points at the downstream of each soil loss monitoring point before raining, and arranging a water collecting cylinder at the sampling points;
s2, arranging a flow monitor at the water outlet of the water collecting cylinder arranged in the step S1, and arranging a remote controller on the water collecting cylinder and connecting the remote controller with a control center;
s3, weighing the silt-water mixture in the water collecting barrel at the downstream of each soil loss observation point in the step S1 after each rain, and calculating the mass M1 of the mud-water mixture collected at each soil loss observation point;
s4, calculating the water flow passing through the flow monitor by the remote controller, and calculating the quality M2 of the overflowed water;
s5, drying the weighed mud-water mixture, removing water, and weighing the rest silt to obtain the mass M3 of the silt lost at each observation point;
s6, calculating the rainfall quality sampled at each observation point through a formula I
M4= M1-M3+ M2 formula one
The rainfall M6 sampled by observation points arranged at the downstream of a plurality of soil loss observation points is summed to obtain the rainfall M7, the silt mass M3 sampled by each observation point is summed to obtain the soil loss mass M8, and the soil loss mass M8 is transmitted to a control center by a remote controller;
s7, collecting the water flow and soil flow of rainfall each time in the past year to obtain a normal loss range, inputting the normal loss range into a control center database, after the rainfall, receiving the rainfall M7 and the loss sediment mass M3 transmitted by a remote controller by the control center, making data of a plurality of groups of observation points into a table, comparing the table with the normal loss range, and determining whether the water loss and the soil loss are abnormal or not according to the comparison result;
and S8, making protective measures in time according to the comparison result.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the water collecting tank that can spill over moisture has been adopted, when raining, muddy water enters into the water collecting tank when inside, muddy water mixture's volume is far greater than the water collecting tank volume when, water can be through the outflow of flow monitoring meter department, the in-process of outflow, the flow monitoring meter predicts the excessive volume of water, obtain the water yield that spills over, silt etc. then remain inside the water collecting tank, thereby can effectually avoid traditional water collecting tank volume invariable, and muddy water mixture easily spills over from the water collecting tank is inside, can't accurately obtain comparatively accurate data, influence the result that detects, adopt simultaneously to dry silt from the stoving mode, need not the manual work and shift the sample again, the error loss in the transfer process has been reduced, thereby the structure that makes the monitoring is more accurate.
The invention is further configured to: be provided with the electron weighing apparatus that is used for weighing on the water collecting cylinder, and be provided with the air heater that is used for drying silt in the water collecting cylinder outside, water collecting cylinder inside sets up four groups screening filter screens.
By adopting the technical scheme, the electronic weighing apparatus is used for weighing the mass M1 of the muddy water mixture in the water collecting cylinder, the hot air blower is used for drying the sediment in the water collecting cylinder so as to obtain the mass M3 of the sediment, and meanwhile, the four groups of screening filter screens can divide the sediment into five types so as to analyze the components of water loss and soil erosion.
The invention is further configured to: the last drain valve that is used for the drainage that still is provided with of water collection section of thick bamboo, and the inside thin filter screen that sets up of drain valve, the flow monitor inboard also is provided with thin filter screen.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the drain valve is used for drying silt in-process at needs, discharges water, and fine filter screen is used for carrying out the separation to silt simultaneously to furthest's reduction error.
The invention is further configured to: every group the bottom of screening filter screen all is provided with weighing transducer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the device is used for measuring the amount of silt on each screening filter screen, and is convenient for analyzing the water and soil loss conditions of various particle sizes.
The invention is further configured to: calculating the loss sediment quality according to the formula II
M3= M1+ M2+ M3+ M4+ M5 formula two
In the formula:
m 1-fine gravel (3-1 mm);
m 2-fine sand (0.25-0.05 mm);
m 3-coarse powder particles (0.05-0.01 mm);
m 4-fine powder (0.01-0.005 mm);
m 5-organic matter.
By adopting the technical scheme, the mass of the sediment can be obtained by adding the masses of all the particle sizes, the mass M3 of the sediment can be obtained, and then the mass M3 of the sediment is compared with the mass of the sediment weighed by the electronic weighing apparatus, so that the error condition can be calculated.
The invention is further configured to: the distance between each sampling point of the section to which the soil loss monitoring point belongs is not more than six meters.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, prevent that the section sampling point from the soil monitoring point that runs off too far away, lead to mud-water mixture to flow in-process and be absorbed by the lower floor gradually, cause the too big phenomenon of monitoring error to take place.
The invention is further configured to: the water collecting barrel can be replaced according to the size of the actual measurement land.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method can be suitable for measuring plots of various sizes.
The invention is further configured to: the control center is internally provided with a top controller which is electrically connected with a WEB client used for drawing a table, and the top controller is connected with at most one hundred twenty remote controllers.
By adopting the technical scheme, the upper controller can simultaneously control the plurality of remote controllers, sampling points do not need to be manually removed again to sample one by one, the working intensity is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the WEB client side is used for drawing various tables and sorting the water and soil loss condition, so that the subsequent analysis on the water and soil loss condition is facilitated.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the water collecting cylinder capable of overflowing water is adopted, when the muddy water enters the water collecting cylinder in the rainy day, the amount of muddy water mixture is far larger than the volume of the water collecting cylinder, the water can flow out through the flow monitoring meter, the overflow amount of the water is estimated by the flow monitoring meter in the outflow process, the overflow amount of the water is obtained, and silt and the like are remained in the water collecting cylinder, so that the phenomenon that the volume of the traditional water collecting cylinder is constant, the muddy water mixture easily overflows from the interior of the water collecting cylinder, more accurate data cannot be accurately obtained, and the detection result is influenced can be effectively avoided;
2. the silt is dried in a self-drying mode, and the sample is not required to be transferred manually, so that the error loss in the transferring process is reduced, and the monitoring structure is more accurate;
3. a plurality of remote control wares of upper controller simultaneous control of accessible need not the manual work and goes the sampling point again and take a sample one by one, greatly reduced working strength, be used for drawing all kinds of tables through the WEB client simultaneously for arrange in order the soil erosion and water loss condition, be convenient for follow-up carry out the analysis to the soil erosion and water loss condition.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the water collecting tank of the present embodiment.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a water collection cylinder; 2. a flow monitoring meter; 3. a remote controller; 4. screening a filter screen; 5. a weight sensor; 6. a drain valve; 7. an air heater.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A soil erosion amount monitoring method is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
s1, regularly adopting a comprehensive investigation mode, arranging a plurality of sections by adopting a GPS lambda-determining instrument in combination with tools such as a topographic map, a digital camera, a distance measuring instrument, a height measuring instrument, a mark post, a ruler and the like through field and field surveying, selecting a plurality of soil loss monitoring points, arranging at least three section sampling points at the downstream of each soil loss monitoring point before raining, and arranging a water collecting barrel 1 at the sampling points;
s2, arranging a flow monitor 2 at the water outlet of the water collecting cylinder 1 arranged in the step S1, and arranging a remote controller 3 on the water collecting cylinder 1 and connecting the remote controller with a control center;
s3, weighing the silt-water mixture in the water collecting barrel 1 at the downstream of each soil loss observation point in the step S1 after each rain, and calculating the mass M1 of the silt-water mixture collected at each soil loss observation point;
s4, calculating the water flow passing through the flow monitor 2 through the remote controller 3, and calculating the quality M2 of the overflowed water;
s5, drying the weighed mud-water mixture, removing water, and weighing the rest silt to obtain the mass M3 of the silt lost at each observation point;
s6, calculating the rainfall quality sampled at each observation point through a formula I
M4= M1-M3+ M2 formula one
The rainfall M6 sampled by observation points arranged at the downstream of a plurality of soil loss observation points is summed to obtain the rainfall M7, the silt mass M3 sampled by each observation point is summed to obtain the soil loss mass M8, and the soil loss mass M8 is transmitted to a control center by a remote controller 3;
s7, collecting the water flow and soil flow of each rainfall in the past year to obtain a normal loss range, inputting the normal loss range into a control center database, after raining, receiving the rainfall M7 and the loss sediment mass M3 transmitted by the remote controller 3 by the control center, making data of a plurality of groups of observation points into a table, comparing the table with the normal loss range, and determining whether the water loss and soil loss are abnormal or not according to a comparison result;
and S8, making protective measures in time according to the comparison result.
As shown in fig. 1, an electronic weighing apparatus for weighing is arranged on the water collecting cylinder 1, an air heater 7 for drying sediment is arranged outside the water collecting cylinder 1, four sets of screening filter screens are arranged inside the water collecting cylinder 1, the electronic weighing apparatus is used for weighing the mass M1 of the mud-water mixture inside the water collecting cylinder 1, the air heater 7 is used for drying the sediment inside so as to obtain the mass M3 of the sediment, and the four sets of screening filter screens 4 can divide the sediment into five types so as to analyze the components of water loss and soil loss.
Still be provided with drain valve 6 that is used for the drainage on the water collecting cylinder 1, and drain valve 6 inside sets up thin filter screen, and 2 inboards of flow monitor also are provided with thin filter screen, and drain valve 6 is used for drying silt in-process at needs, and with the water discharge, thin filter screen is used for carrying out the separation to silt simultaneously to maximum reduction error.
The bottom of every group screening filter screen 4 all is provided with weighing transducer 5 for measure the silt particle on every screening filter screen 4, be convenient for analyze the soil erosion and water loss condition of all kinds of particle sizes.
Calculating the loss sediment quality according to the formula II
M3= M1+ M2+ M3+ M4+ M5 formula two
In the formula:
m 1-fine gravel (3-1 mm);
m 2-fine sand (0.25-0.05 mm);
m 3-coarse powder particles (0.05-0.01 mm);
m 4-fine powder (0.01-0.005 mm);
m 5-organic matter;
the mass M3 of the silt can be obtained by adding the masses of the individual particle sizes, and the error can be calculated by comparing the mass M3 of the silt with the mass of the silt weighed by the electronic weighing apparatus.
The distance between each affiliated section sampling point and the soil loss monitoring point is not more than six meters, so that the phenomenon that the section sampling points are too far away from the soil loss monitoring points to cause the mud-water mixture to be gradually absorbed by the lower-layer ground in the flowing process to cause overlarge monitoring errors is prevented.
The water collecting cylinder 1 can be replaced according to the size of the actual measurement land, and the water collecting cylinder 1 can be replaced according to the size of the actual measurement land.
Be provided with upper controller in the control center, upper controller electric connection has the WEB client that is used for drawing the table, and upper controller is connected with one hundred twenty remote control wares 3 at most, and a plurality of remote control wares 3 of upper controller simultaneous control of accessible need not the manual work and takes a sample one by one again to the sampling point, greatly reduced working strength, be used for drawing all kinds of tables through the WEB client simultaneously for arrange in order the soil erosion and water loss condition, be convenient for follow-up carry out the analysis to the soil erosion and water loss condition.
In addition, on the basis of the monitoring method, the water loss and soil erosion situation can be predicted by combining a universal water loss and soil erosion program (USLE) A = R.K.LS.C.P;
in the formula: a-erosion intensity, i.e. amount of loss per unit area (hm2) per unit time (a);
r-erosion factor (dependent on the mean and annual rainfall);
k-soil factor (depending on the soil texture layer (clay, particle, sand and organic content);
LS-terrain factor (a function of the path length and slope);
c — biological factor (its size is related to vegetation type, coverage);
p-water and soil conservation factor (P is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 1).
The values in the above calculation formula are easily obtained by those skilled in the art in the prior art, and therefore detailed description is omitted here, and according to the above calculation results, the water and soil loss can be effectively monitored and analyzed in combination with the actual measured rainfall and sediment loss, so as to timely respond to an emergency.
The working process and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the water collecting barrel 1 capable of overflowing water is adopted, when the muddy water enters the water collecting barrel 1 in the rainy day, the amount of muddy water mixture is far larger than the volume of the water collecting barrel 1, the water flows out through the flow monitoring meter 2, in the outflow process, the flow monitoring meter 2 estimates the overflow amount of the water to obtain the overflow amount of the water, and silt and the like remain in the water collecting barrel 1, so that the problem that the volume of the traditional water collecting barrel 1 is constant, the muddy water mixture easily overflows from the inside of the water collecting barrel 1 and can not accurately obtain more accurate data to influence the detection result can be effectively avoided, meanwhile, the silt is dried in a self-drying mode, the sample is not required to be manually transferred, the error loss in the transfer process is reduced, the monitored structure is more accurate, all the monitored data are transmitted to an upper controller through the remote controller 3, and the upper controller processes and compares the data, so as to obtain the water and soil loss condition in time.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the design concept of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A soil erosion amount monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, regularly adopting a comprehensive investigation mode, arranging a plurality of sections by adopting a GPS lambda-determining instrument in combination with tools such as a topographic map, a digital camera, a distance measuring instrument, a height measuring instrument, a mark post, a ruler and the like through field and field surveying, selecting a plurality of soil loss monitoring points, arranging at least three section sampling points at the downstream of each soil loss monitoring point before raining, and arranging a water collecting cylinder at the sampling points;
s2, arranging a flow monitor at the water outlet of the water collecting cylinder arranged in the step S1, and arranging a remote controller on the water collecting cylinder and connecting the remote controller with a control center;
s3, weighing the silt-water mixture in the water collecting barrel at the downstream of each soil loss observation point in the step S1 after each rain, and calculating the mass M1 of the mud-water mixture collected at each soil loss observation point;
s4, calculating the water flow passing through the flow monitor by the remote controller, and calculating the quality M2 of the overflowed water;
s5, drying the weighed mud-water mixture, removing water, and weighing the rest silt to obtain the mass M3 of the silt lost at each observation point;
s6, calculating the rainfall quality sampled at each observation point through a formula I:
m4= M1-M3+ M2 formula one
The rainfall M6 sampled by observation points arranged at the downstream of a plurality of soil loss observation points is summed to obtain the rainfall M7, the silt mass M3 sampled by each observation point is summed to obtain the soil loss mass M8, and the soil loss mass M8 is transmitted to a control center by a remote controller;
s7, collecting the water flow and soil flow of rainfall each time in the past year to obtain a normal loss range, inputting the normal loss range into a control center database, after the rainfall, receiving the rainfall M7 and the loss sediment mass M3 transmitted by a remote controller by the control center, making data of a plurality of groups of observation points into a table, comparing the table with the normal loss range, and determining whether the water loss and the soil loss are abnormal or not according to the comparison result;
and S8, making protective measures in time according to the comparison result.
2. The soil and water loss monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein: be provided with the electron weighing apparatus that is used for weighing on the water collecting cylinder, and be provided with the air heater that is used for drying silt in the water collecting cylinder outside, water collecting cylinder inside sets up four groups screening filter screens.
3. The soil and water loss monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein: the last drain valve that is used for the drainage that still is provided with of water collection section of thick bamboo, and the inside thin filter screen that sets up of drain valve, the flow monitor inboard also is provided with thin filter screen.
4. The soil and water loss monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein: every group the bottom of screening filter screen all is provided with weighing transducer for measure the silt particle volume on every screening filter screen.
5. The soil and water loss monitoring method according to claim 4, wherein: calculating the mass of the lost silt according to a formula II:
m3= M1+ M2+ M3+ M4+ M5 formula two
In the formula:
m 1-fine gravel (3-1 mm);
m 2-fine sand (0.25-0.05 mm);
m 3-coarse powder particles (0.05-0.01 mm);
m 4-fine powder (0.01-0.005 mm);
m 5-organic matter.
6. The soil and water loss monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between each sampling point of the section to which the soil loss monitoring point belongs is not more than six meters.
7. The soil and water loss monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein: the water collecting barrel can be replaced according to the size of the actual measurement land.
8. The soil and water loss monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein: the control center is internally provided with a top controller which is electrically connected with a WEB client used for drawing a table, and the top controller is connected with at most one hundred twenty remote controllers.
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| CN202010522480.3A CN111679056A (en) | 2020-06-10 | 2020-06-10 | Water and soil loss monitoring method |
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| CN202010522480.3A CN111679056A (en) | 2020-06-10 | 2020-06-10 | Water and soil loss monitoring method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117054282A (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-11-14 | 珠江水利委员会珠江流域水土保持监测中心站 | High-precision portable sediment content measuring device and method with different grade particle sizes |
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2020
- 2020-06-10 CN CN202010522480.3A patent/CN111679056A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117054282A (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-11-14 | 珠江水利委员会珠江流域水土保持监测中心站 | High-precision portable sediment content measuring device and method with different grade particle sizes |
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Application publication date: 20200918 |