CN111678332B - Alloy baking method for reducing blockage rate of burner - Google Patents

Alloy baking method for reducing blockage rate of burner Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111678332B
CN111678332B CN202010399236.2A CN202010399236A CN111678332B CN 111678332 B CN111678332 B CN 111678332B CN 202010399236 A CN202010399236 A CN 202010399236A CN 111678332 B CN111678332 B CN 111678332B
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alloy
steel
scrap steel
baking
baked
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CN111678332A (en
Inventor
初仁生
刘金刚
李战军
邓小旋
郝宁
王卫华
马长文
李海波
吕延春
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Shougang Group Co Ltd
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Shougang Group Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/02Heating arrangements using combustion heating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/001Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
    • F26B25/003Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements for articles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Abstract

The invention discloses an alloy baking method for reducing the blockage rate of a burner, which comprises the following steps of paving scrap steel below an alloy to be baked; heating the scrap steel through a burner, and simultaneously transferring the heat of the heated scrap steel to the alloy to be baked to obtain baked alloy; adding the baked alloy into molten steel to be smelted; the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the alloy to be baked is 0.01-0.5. The alloy baking method can improve the permeability of a baking material layer, reduce the blockage rate of the burner, ensure uniform alloy baking temperature and higher baking temperature, reduce the baking time, improve the production efficiency and reduce the temperature drop of alloying molten steel.

Description

Alloy baking method for reducing blockage rate of burner
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steelmaking, and particularly relates to an alloy baking method for reducing the blockage rate of a burner.
Background
In the steelmaking process, molten iron, scrap steel, alloy, lime, oxygen and other raw materials are smelted to obtain molten steel with qualified components. In the steelmaking process, oxygen blowing and decarburization are needed, the decarburization process is a strong heat release process, the temperature of molten steel can be increased by released heat, certain superheat degree of the molten steel can be guaranteed, and continuous casting can be smoothly carried out. The alloy components need to be adjusted in the steel-making process, so that the alloy also needs to be added into the molten steel to realize alloying, thereby adjusting the components of the molten steel. The alloy has certain moisture content, which affects the quality of molten steel, increases the temperature drop of the molten steel and affects the production efficiency, so the alloy is baked before being used.
In recent years, the alloy baking process is very commonly applied in the steel smelting process, which plays an important role in improving the quality of steel products and reducing the smelting cost. Particularly, alloy furnace charges such as ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and the like are dehydrated and baked, so that the alloy reaches the required temperature, the steel-making process requirement can be met, and the aims of shortening the smelting time and improving the steel quality are fulfilled.
At present, the common roasting mode for roasting the alloy materials of iron and steel enterprises is to install a burner at the bottom of an iron alloy bin and achieve the roasting purpose through flame burnt by the burner. In the actual production process, however, the burner is often blocked, so that the heating efficiency is low.
Previous patents have focused on the modification of toasting apparatus and the design of toasting devices, such as patent No. CN 109913617A: an on-line baking method for steel-making alloy, arranging a burner along the tangential direction of the circumferential direction of a furnace body on the furnace body of an alloy baking furnace; patent No. CN 103913056A: the alloy baking method comprises the design operation of introducing high-temperature flue gas at 800-1000 ℃ in a hot blast furnace into a wind mixing tank. The method relates to equipment transformation, the investment, the steel mill site and the equipment requirements are met, and the difficulty is often high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an alloy baking method for reducing the blockage rate of a burner, which aims to solve the problem that the burner is easy to block in the alloy baking in the prior art.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides an alloy baking method for reducing the blockage rate of a burner, which comprises the following steps,
laying scrap steel below the alloy to be baked;
baking the scrap steel surface of the baking material layer to obtain a baking material;
heating the scrap steel through a burner, and simultaneously transferring the heat of the heated scrap steel to the alloy to be baked to obtain baked alloy;
adding the baked alloy into molten steel to be smelted;
the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the alloy to be baked is 0.01-0.5.
Further, the length of the scrap steel is 10-1000 mm, the width of the scrap steel is 5-500 mm, and the height of the scrap steel is 0.5-300 mm.
Further, the granularity of the alloy is 20-300 mm.
Further, adding the baked alloy into molten steel to be smelted; the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the alloy to be baked is 0.01-0.5, including,
adding the baked alloy into molten steel in a converter for smelting;
the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the alloy to be baked is 0.1-0.5.
Further, adding the baked alloy into molten steel to be smelted; the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the alloy to be baked is 0.01-0.5, including,
adding the baked alloy into the tapping molten steel of the converter for smelting;
the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the alloy to be baked is 0.01-0.1.
Further, the baking time is 1-6 h.
Further, the baking is carried out in an alloy bin, and the capacity of the alloy bin is 6-25 t.
The beneficial effects of the invention at least comprise:
the invention discloses an alloy baking method for reducing the blockage rate of a burner, which comprises the steps of paving scrap steel below an alloy to be baked; heating the scrap steel through a burner, and simultaneously transferring the heat of the heated scrap steel to the alloy to be roasted to obtain roasted alloy; adding the baked alloy into molten steel to be smelted; the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the alloy to be baked is 0.01-0.5. The burner is positioned at the bottom of the alloy bin, the scrap steel is placed at the lowest part of the alloy bin, the alloy is positioned at the upper part of the scrap steel, and by adopting the material baking structure, alloy powder generated by transportation, loading and unloading is difficult to reach the bottom of the alloy bin due to the blocking effect of the scrap steel in the downward sliding process; the melting point of the scrap steel contacted with the burner is higher than that of the alloy, and the scrap steel is not easy to melt under the heating action of the burner. Therefore, the problem that the alloy is directly heated by the burner, the alloy powder near the burner is too high in temperature and becomes molten, and the alloy powder is bonded on the burner to block the burner can be avoided.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and examples, and the advantages and various effects of the present invention will be more clearly apparent therefrom. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments and examples are for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically noted, terms used herein should be understood as having meanings as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. If there is a conflict, the present specification will control.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention has the following general idea:
the embodiment of the invention provides an alloy baking method for reducing the blockage rate of a burner, which comprises the following steps,
laying scrap steel below the alloy to be baked;
heating the scrap steel through a burner, and simultaneously transferring the heat of the heated scrap steel to the alloy to be roasted to obtain roasted alloy;
adding the baked alloy into molten steel to be smelted;
the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the alloy to be baked is 0.01-0.5.
When only alloy is traditionally baked, after an alloy bin is filled with the alloy material block, the alloy material block can block a channel of a burner block, the fire enters a hearth and is not smooth, when the fire is large, the alloy material in the channel is melted and bonded on the burner block, when the fire is small, the alloy is heated slowly and heated unevenly, the baking quality requirement can be met only by prolonging the time, but the yield required by fast-paced production cannot be achieved.
Both the scrap steel and the alloy are raw materials for converter or electric furnace steelmaking. During the processes of lifting, feeding and the like, the alloy inevitably generates powder due to friction, collision and the like. According to the invention, the waste steel is placed in the lowest part of the alloy baking device, the alloy is positioned on the upper part of the waste steel, and by adopting the material baking structure, on one hand, because of the blocking effect of the waste steel on the lower part, the alloy powder on the upper part is not easy to reach the bottom of the alloy baking device, so that the blockage of the alloy powder to a gas burner is reduced, and the material permeability is improved. On the other hand, in the traditional alloy material structure, when the alloy is heated, the alloy is melted and softened due to the fact that the temperature near the burner is high, and the burner is easy to block. The melting temperature of the scrap steel is higher than that of the alloy, and when the baking burner is heated and rapidly heated, the problem that the burner is blocked by the traditional alloy due to softening in melting can be avoided. In the third aspect, when the scrap steel is placed at the bottom of the alloy baking device, the specific heat of the scrap steel is 0.698KJ/kg ℃, and is lower than that of the alloy, which means that under the condition of the same heat input, the temperature change of the scrap steel is small, so that the inside and outside heating is more uniform when the alloy is heated, and the heating effect is better. In the fourth aspect, because the melting temperature of the scrap steel is high, the burner can add the scrap steel to a higher temperature, so that the scrap steel can play a role in indirectly baking the alloy. The heated scrap steel and the alloy are added into the molten steel together, the scrap steel ratio can be improved, and the temperature drop can be reduced because the temperature of the scrap steel is higher than that of the alloy.
Further, the length of the scrap steel is 10-1000 mm, the width of the scrap steel is 5-500 mm, and the height of the scrap steel is 0.5-300 mm.
The scrap is irregular in shape and thus the length, width and height defined herein are each the absolute distance of the scrap from one end to the other. Because the capacity of the converter and the capacity of the alloy bin are limited, and the production rhythm is influenced by the too long time for dissolving the steel scraps, the size of the steel scraps cannot be too large. Considering that the scrap needs to act as a resistance to the alloy sliding down, the size of the scrap should not be too small.
Further, the granularity of the alloy is 20-300 mm. The granularity of the alloy is proper and is too small, so that the heat flow rising channel is easy to block. The particle size is too large, which may affect the alloying efficiency.
Further, adding the baked alloy into molten steel to be smelted; the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the alloy to be roasted is 0.01-0.5, including,
adding the baked alloy into molten steel in a converter for smelting;
the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the alloy to be baked is 0.1-0.5.
Before the smelting of the converter is started, the scrap steel and the molten iron are required to be added, and the scrap steel and the alloy are added together, so that the scrap steel ratio can be improved, and the temperature drop can be reduced. Therefore, the higher the proportion of the scrap steel is, the more beneficial the improvement of the air permeability of the baking material layer is, but the capacity of the alloy bin is limited, and the proportion of the scrap steel is improved as much as possible on the premise of meeting the addition of the alloy.
The alloy added into the converter furnace includes, but is not limited to, ferronickel, copper alloy, ferrophosphorus, and can be adjusted according to the actual smelting species. In the production process, a plurality of bins are provided, and each bin is used for containing and baking an alloy, such as a material layer to be baked formed by ferronickel and scrap steel in a No. 1 bin.
Further, adding the baked alloy into molten steel to be smelted; the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the alloy to be baked is 0.01-0.5, including,
adding the baked alloy into the tapping molten steel of the converter for smelting;
the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the alloy to be baked is 0.01-0.1.
The added alloy for converter tapping is deoxidized on one hand and alloyed on the other hand. The addition of the scrap steel improves the air permeability of the material layer, reduces the blockage rate of the burner, and also improves the baking temperature of the alloy, but the proportion of the scrap steel cannot be too high, on one hand, the temperature of the baked scrap steel is still lower than that of the molten steel, and the temperature drop can be generated; for alloying, the adding quality of the alloy is fixed, and the more scrap steel, the larger the temperature drop; on the other hand, impurities may be introduced into the molten steel from scrap steel. The addition of alloys including but not limited to ferro-aluminium, ferro-silicon, silicomanganese, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum and ferrotitanium into the molten steel tapped from the converter can be adjusted according to the actual smelting steel species.
Further, the baking time is 1-6 h.
Further, the baking is carried out in an alloy bin, and the capacity of the alloy bin is 6-25 t.
According to the method, a mode of jointly baking the scrap steel and the alloy is adopted, the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the alloy is controlled according to the alloy at different adding occasions, the alloy baking temperature is increased to 300-500 ℃, the alloy is baked more uniformly, the baking time is shortened, the tapping temperature drop of a converter is reduced, and the smelting time is reduced; meanwhile, the blockage rate of the burner is reduced, the feeding of the storage bin is more accurate, and the method is particularly suitable for alloy baking for producing high-quality steel by adopting a converter.
The alloy baking method for reducing the clogging rate of burners according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples.
The smelting process of the steel species X80 pipeline steel of the examples 1 to 8 is converter smelting → LF furnace refining → RH refining → continuous casting, the steel species is produced by the alloy baking method as follows:
example 1
The capacity of the alloy bin is 15t, the material structure with the nickel-iron alloy on the top and the scrap steel on the bottom is used for baking, the baking time is 3 hours, and the alloy temperature after baking is 350 ℃. Wherein the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the nickel-iron alloy is 0.3, the size of the scrap steel is 10-1000 mm in length, 5-500 mm in width and 0.5-300 mm in height. The particle size of the nickel-iron alloy is 25-220 mm. And completely adding the roasted ferronickel alloy and the waste steel into the molten steel in the smelting process of the converter. By adopting the method, the blocking frequency of the burners at the bottom of the storage bin is 1 time a year.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps of roasting an alloy bin with the capacity of 23t by adopting a material structure with aluminum iron on the top and waste steel on the bottom, wherein the mass ratio of the waste steel to the aluminum iron is 0.067, the size of the waste steel is controlled to be 10-1000 mm in length, 5-500 mm in width and 0.5-300 mm in height; the particle size of the aluminum iron is 30-240 mm. The baking time was 3.2 hours, and the final actual baking temperature was 330 ℃. The roasted ferro-aluminium and the waste steel are added into the steel liquid discharged from the converter for deoxidation alloying, the temperature drop of the steel liquid is small, and the purity is not influenced by the waste steel. By adopting the method, the blocking frequency of the burners at the bottom of the storage bin is 1 time a year.
Example 3
The capacity of an alloy bin is 18t, a material structure with copper alloy on top and scrap steel on bottom is adopted for baking, the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the copper alloy is 0.45, the size of the scrap steel is 10-1000 mm in length, 5-500 mm in width and 0.5-300 mm in height; the granularity of the copper alloy is 35-280 mm. The baking time is 3.5 hours, and the temperature of the copper alloy after baking is 370 ℃. And completely adding the roasted ferronickel alloy and the waste steel into the molten steel in the smelting process of the converter. By adopting the method, the blocking frequency of the burners at the bottom of the storage bin is 1 time a year.
Example 4
The capacity of alloy feed bin is 8t, adopts ferrosilicon last, and the material structure of scrap steel under toasts, and wherein, the mass ratio of scrap steel and ferrosilicon is 0.089, and the control of the size of scrap steel is length 10 ~ 1000mm, and the width is 5 ~ 500mm, highly is 0.5 ~ 300 mm. The grain size of the ferrosilicon is 30-240 mm. The baking time was about 3.5 hours and the final actual baking temperature was 330 ℃. Adding the ferrosilicon alloy into the molten steel of the converter tapping steel for alloying. By adopting the method, the blocking frequency of the burners at the bottom of the storage bin is 1 time a year.
Example 5
The capacity of an alloy bin is 15t, a material structure with copper alloy on top and scrap steel on bottom is adopted for baking, the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the copper alloy is 0.21, the size of the scrap steel is 10-1000 mm in length, 5-500 mm in width and 0.5-300 mm in height; the granularity of the copper alloy is 35-220 mm. The baking time is 4 hours, and the temperature of the copper alloy after baking is 360 ℃. And completely adding the roasted ferronickel alloy and the waste steel into the molten steel in the smelting process of the converter. By adopting the method, the blocking frequency of the burners at the bottom of the storage bin is 1 time a year.
Example 6
The capacity of an alloy bin is 15t, a material structure with ferromanganese on top and scrap steel on bottom is adopted for baking, wherein the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the ferromanganese is 0.035, the size of the scrap steel is controlled to be 10-1000 mm in length, 5-500 mm in width and 0.5-300 mm in height; the granularity of the ferromanganese is 30-240 mm. The baking time was about 4 hours and the final actual baking temperature was 340 ℃. Adding the ferromanganese alloy into the molten steel tapped from the converter for alloying. By adopting the method, the blocking frequency of the burners at the bottom of the storage bin is 1 time a year.
Example 7
The capacity of the alloy bin is 13t, a material structure with copper alloy on top and scrap steel on bottom is adopted for baking, the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the copper alloy is 0.25, the size of the scrap steel is 10-1000 mm in length, 5-500 mm in width and 0.5-300 mm in height; the granularity of the copper alloy is 35-180 mm. The baking time was 4 hours, and the temperature after baking the copper alloy was 380 ℃. And completely adding the roasted ferronickel alloy and the waste steel into the molten steel in the smelting process of the converter. By adopting the method, the blocking frequency of the burners at the bottom of the storage bin is 1 time a year.
Example 8
The capacity of an alloy bin is 18t, a material structure with ferrochrome on the upper part and scrap steel on the lower part is adopted for baking, the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the ferrochrome is 0.035, the size of the scrap steel is 10-1000 mm in length, 5-500 mm in width and 0.5-300 mm in height; the particle size of the ferrochrome is 40-270 mm. The baking time is about 4 hours, and the temperature of the ferrochrome after baking is 350 ℃. By adopting the method, the blocking frequency of the burners at the bottom of the storage bin is 1 time a year.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 provides a conventional alloy baking method, with only silicomanganese in the bin, using a burner at the bottom of the bin to heat the alloy directly. The baking time is 6.5 h. The baking method of comparative example 1 was used, and the frequency of clogging of burners at the bottom of the silo was 8 times a year.
Comparative example 2
Baking is carried out by adopting a material structure with aluminum iron on the upper part and scrap steel on the lower part, wherein the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the aluminum iron is 0.8. The baking time is about 4 hours, the actual temperature of the alloy and the scrap steel is 400 ℃ after the baking is finished, and the blockage rate of the burner is 1 time/year. The method has the advantages that the alloy baking temperature is high, but the specific gravity of the scrap steel is overlarge, the impurities are more, and the baked scrap steel and the aluminum iron are added into the molten steel discharged from the converter for deoxidation alloying, so that the quality of the molten steel is influenced.
Comparative example 3
Roasting a material structure with ferronickel above and scrap steel below, wherein the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the ferronickel is 0.005. The baking time is about 4 hours, the baking is finished, the actual temperature of the alloy and the scrap steel is 220 ℃, and the blockage rate of the burner is 3 times per year.
TABLE 1
Item Alloy temperature of DEG C Clogging rate of burner
Example 1 350 1 time per year
Example 2 330 1 time per year
Example 3 370 1 time per year
Example 4 330 1 time per year
Example 5 360 1 time per year
Example 6 340 1 time per year
Example 7 380 1 time per year
Example 8 350 1 time per year
Comparative example 1 210 8 times/year
Comparative example 2 400 1 time per year
Comparative example 3 220 3 times/year
Finally, it should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (7)

1. An alloy baking method for reducing the blockage rate of a burner nozzle is characterized by comprising the following steps of,
laying scrap steel below the alloy to be baked;
heating the scrap steel through a burner, and simultaneously transferring the heat of the heated scrap steel to the alloy to be baked to obtain baked alloy;
adding the baked alloy into molten steel to be smelted;
the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the alloy to be baked is 0.01-0.5.
2. The alloy baking method for reducing the clogging rate of burners as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the scrap steel is 10 to 1000mm, the width of the scrap steel is 5 to 500mm, and the height of the scrap steel is 0.5 to 300 mm.
3. The alloy baking method for reducing the clogging rate of burners as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grain size of the alloy is 20 to 300 mm.
4. The alloy baking method for reducing the clogging rate of burners as claimed in claim 1,
the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the alloy to be baked is 0.1-0.5.
5. The alloy baking method for reducing the clogging rate of burners as claimed in claim 1,
the mass ratio of the scrap steel to the alloy to be baked is 0.01-0.1.
6. The alloy baking method for reducing the burner clogging rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the baking time of the alloy to be baked is 1-6 hours.
7. The alloy baking method for reducing the nozzle clogging rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the baking is performed in an alloy bin, and the capacity of the alloy bin is 6-25 t.
CN202010399236.2A 2020-05-12 2020-05-12 Alloy baking method for reducing blockage rate of burner Active CN111678332B (en)

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CN102240798B (en) * 2011-08-02 2013-04-10 新兴铸管股份有限公司 Louver type alloy roaster
JP6454974B2 (en) * 2013-03-29 2019-01-23 株式会社リコー Metal oxide film forming coating solution, metal oxide film manufacturing method, and field effect transistor manufacturing method
CN203810881U (en) * 2014-04-22 2014-09-03 新兴铸管股份有限公司 Alloy baking device
CN204830902U (en) * 2015-08-07 2015-12-02 新兴铸管股份有限公司 Straight wind formula alloy baking equipment of nozzle heat
CN107385334A (en) * 2017-08-02 2017-11-24 首钢水城钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 A kind of steel strand wires wire rod and its manufacturing process
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