CN111677570A - Feasible thermodynamic cycle system approaching triangular cycle - Google Patents
Feasible thermodynamic cycle system approaching triangular cycle Download PDFInfo
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- CN111677570A CN111677570A CN202010383980.3A CN202010383980A CN111677570A CN 111677570 A CN111677570 A CN 111677570A CN 202010383980 A CN202010383980 A CN 202010383980A CN 111677570 A CN111677570 A CN 111677570A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K19/00—Regenerating or otherwise treating steam exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K19/02—Regenerating by compression
- F01K19/04—Regenerating by compression in combination with cooling or heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermodynamic cycle, and discloses a feasible thermodynamic cycle power generation system approaching triangular cycle, which is characterized in that a working medium pump, an evaporator, a thermal power conversion machine, an auxiliary condenser, a compressor, a main condenser and a liquid storage tank are sequentially connected to form a working medium circulation passage, and a generator is driven by the thermal power conversion machine to generate electric energy; the working medium is saturated liquid in a low-pressure state at the inlet of the working medium pump, the pressure at the outlet of the working medium pump is higher than the critical pressure of the working medium, the pressure at the outlet of the thermal-power conversion machine is in an overheating state and is lower than the pressure at the inlet of the working medium pump, the pressure at the outlet of the auxiliary condenser is still in an overheating state and is not higher than the temperature at the inlet of the working medium pump, and the pressure at the inlet of the main condenser is equal to the pressure at the inlet of the working medium pump. The invention realizes the approximation of theoretical triangular circulation by arranging the one-stage or multi-stage auxiliary condenser and the compressor between the main condenser and the heat-work conversion machine, and has important significance for the high-efficiency utilization of the temperature-variable heat source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermodynamic cycle, and particularly relates to a feasible thermodynamic cycle system approaching triangular cycle, which can realize high-efficiency utilization of a variable-temperature heat source.
Background
Energy is a necessity for the development of human society, in which electric energy has been permeated in the aspects of human life as one form of energy widely used by human society. Electric energy, as a typical secondary energy source, needs to be converted from other forms of energy by specific technical means, and thermodynamic cycle is the most widely used technical means among them. In recent years, with the increase of global energy consumption, conventional fossil energy has faced a serious shortage, and people are looking to medium and low temperature heat sources such as geothermal energy, solar energy, industrial waste heat, and the like. Most of the heat exists in the form of sensible heat in these medium and low temperature heat sources, and therefore these heat sources are typical temperature-variable heat sources.
For the efficient utilization of temperature-varying heat sources, the academic world has long agreed that triangular circulation is the optimal circulation form. The theoretical triangular cycle proposed at the earliest by the academia consists of an endothermic process approximately along the saturation liquidus, a wet expansion process starting from the saturated liquid phase and an isothermal condensation process in the two-phase region, and the wet expansion process is the biggest technical difficulty of the theoretical triangular cycle. Although the engineering industry has been working on developing such mechanical devices that can achieve wet expansion efficiently, there has been no significant technological breakthrough, which has kept the triangular cycle in the theoretical research phase.
The triangular cycle involved in the Chinese invention patent "a combined triangular cycle and Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system and method thereof" with the publication number of CN108049924A is still the theoretical triangular cycle, and does not solve the technical problem that the wet expansion process is difficult to realize. The triangular flash circulation involved in the chinese utility model patent "triangular flash circulation system" with publication number CN201835878U is an improvement on the above theoretical triangular circulation, but still has a wet expansion process, so that the engineering can not be realized at the present stage. The triangular circulation involved in the Chinese utility model with the publication number of CN203783657U, namely a closed triangular circulation high-efficiency power generation device, adopts gaseous working media, and utilizes the methods of staged compression and intermediate cooling to realize the isothermal cooling process in the triangular circulation, so that although the wet expansion process is avoided, the power consumption of the circulation is increased due to the existence of the multistage compression process, and the actual circulation effect is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that theoretical triangular circulation cannot be engineered in the prior art, and provides a feasible thermodynamic circulation system approaching triangular circulation to realize efficient utilization of a variable-temperature heat source.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a feasible thermodynamic cycle power generation system approaching triangular cycle comprises a working medium pump, an evaporator, a thermal power conversion machine, a power generator, an auxiliary condenser, a compressor, a main condenser and a liquid storage tank, wherein the working medium pump, the evaporator, the thermal power conversion machine, the auxiliary condenser, the compressor, the main condenser and the liquid storage tank are sequentially connected through pipelines to form a working medium circulation passage, and the power generator is driven by the thermal power conversion machine to generate electric energy;
the working medium is saturated liquid in a low-pressure state at the inlet of the working medium pump, the pressure at the outlet of the working medium pump is higher than the critical pressure of the working medium, the pressure at the outlet of the thermal-power conversion machine is in an overheating state and is lower than the pressure at the inlet of the working medium pump, the pressure at the outlet of the auxiliary condenser is still in an overheating state and is not higher than the temperature at the inlet of the working medium pump, and the pressure at the inlet of the main condenser is equal to the pressure at the inlet of the working medium pump.
Further, the auxiliary condenser and the compressor are provided with at least one group, and the auxiliary condenser and the compressor are arranged in groups in the order of connecting the auxiliary condenser with the compressor; working medium at the outlet of the auxiliary condenser in each group is in an overheated state, and the temperature of the working medium is not higher than the temperature of the working medium at the inlet of the working medium pump; in the non-last group, the working medium pressure at the outlet of the compressor should not be higher than the working medium pressure at the inlet of the working medium pump; in the last group, the working medium pressure at the outlet of the compressor should be equal to the working medium pressure at the inlet of the working medium pump.
Further, the working medium is a dry working medium, a wet working medium or an isentropic working medium.
Further, the thermal power conversion machine is a steam turbine or an expander.
In the system, saturated liquid-phase working medium under low pressure (condensation pressure) is pressurized to be higher than the critical pressure of the working medium by a working medium pump, then enters an evaporator, is heated in the evaporator to become high-temperature high-pressure supercritical fluid, then enters a thermal power conversion machine to be expanded to apply work until the outlet pressure is lower than the condensation pressure, and in the process, a generator is driven to generate electric energy. The overheated working medium from the heat-work conversion machine flows through the auxiliary condenser to be cooled, then enters the compressor to increase the pressure to the condensing pressure, then enters the main condenser to be cooled to a saturated liquid phase state, and finally flows into the liquid storage tank, so that one cycle is completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the feasible thermodynamic cycle system approaching the triangular cycle can ensure that the working medium begins to expand from the supercritical state to the superheated state without undergoing a wet expansion process, and provides a feasible technical route under the prior art level for realizing theoretical triangular cycle in engineering, thereby promoting the engineering of the high-efficiency utilization technology of the variable-temperature heat source.
And secondly, the feasible thermodynamic cycle system approaching the triangular cycle is based on the transcritical Rankine cycle, does not adopt gaseous working media, and avoids the additional heat exchange area increased due to poor heat exchange effect of the gaseous working media, thereby reducing the initial investment and size of the system.
And thirdly, the feasible thermodynamic cycle system approaching the triangular cycle relates to an isothermal process which consists of isothermal condensation in a two-phase region and a condensation-compression-condensation process in a superheat region, so that the power consumption of a compressor additionally consumed for realizing the isothermal condensation is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a feasible thermodynamic cycle system approaching a triangular cycle provided in embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a T-s plot of three cycles, wherein (A) is a transcritical Rankine cycle, (B) is the cycle provided in example 1, and (C) is a theoretical triangular cycle;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a feasible thermodynamic cycle system approaching a triangular cycle provided in embodiment 2.
In the above figures: 1-a working medium pump; 2-an evaporator; 3-heat-work conversion machinery; 4-a generator; 5-auxiliary condenser; 6-a compressor; 7-a main condenser; and 8-a liquid storage tank.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments, which are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a feasible thermodynamic cycle power generation system approaching triangular cycle, which avoids the wet expansion process difficult to be realized in the prior art, and provides a feasible technical route under the prior art level for realizing theoretical triangular cycle in engineering, including a working medium pump 1, an evaporator 2, a heat-power conversion machine 3, a generator 4, an auxiliary condenser 5, a compressor 6, a main condenser 7 and a liquid storage tank 8.
The outlet of the working medium pump 1 is connected with the inlet of the evaporator 2, the outlet of the evaporator 2 is connected with the inlet of the thermal-power conversion machine 3, the outlet of the thermal-power conversion machine 3 is connected with the inlet of the auxiliary condenser 5, the outlet of the auxiliary condenser 5 is connected with the inlet of the compressor 6, the outlet of the compressor 6 is connected with the inlet of the main condenser 7, the outlet of the main condenser 7 is connected with the inlet of the liquid storage tank 8, and the outlet of the liquid storage tank 8 is connected with the inlet of the working medium pump 1; the thermal-power conversion mechanism 3 drives the generator 4 to operate to generate electric power. Wherein, the evaporator 2 is provided with a heating channel for heating a working medium, the auxiliary condenser 5 is provided with a cooling channel for cooling the working medium, and the main condensers 7 are all provided with cooling channels for cooling the working medium. The heat-power conversion machine 3 is preferably a steam turbine or an expander. The compressor 6 may be in the form of a piston, scroll, centrifugal, screw, sliding vane, or axial flow. The system is applicable to a wide range of working media, and can be dry working media, wet working media or isentropic working media.
As shown in fig. 2, the feasible thermodynamic cycle power generation system approaching the triangular cycle of the present invention approaches the theoretical triangular cycle by arranging an auxiliary condenser 5 and a compressor 6 after a thermal conversion machine on the basis of the transcritical rankine cycle (see (a) in fig. 2 in the T-s diagram), so that the condensation of the working medium approaches the isothermal process (see (C) in fig. 2 in the T-s diagram). Referring to the cycle T-s diagram shown in fig. 2 (B), the system operates as follows: before the circulation begins, the working medium is in a point a of a saturated liquid phase state, the pressure of the working medium is defined as the condensing pressure, and the temperature is defined as the condensing temperature. The working medium is pressurized to the point b in the working medium pump 1, and the pressure of the working medium is higher than the critical pressure of the working medium at the moment. Then the working medium enters the evaporator 2 to absorb the heat of the heat source fluid and is heated to a point c, and at the moment, the working medium is in a supercritical state. And then, the working medium expands in the thermal-power conversion machine 3 to do work to a point d, and at the moment, the working medium is in an overheated gas phase state, the pressure of the working medium is lower than the condensation pressure, and the temperature of the working medium is higher than the condensation temperature. Then, the working medium enters the auxiliary condenser 5 and is cooled to the point e by the cold source fluid, and at the moment, the working medium is still in an overheated gas phase state, and the temperature of the working medium is not higher than the condensation temperature. Subsequently, the working medium enters the compressor 6 and is boosted to a point f, and the working medium is in a superheated gas phase state at the moment, and the pressure of the working medium is equal to the condensing pressure. Then, the working medium enters the main condenser 7 and is continuously cooled to a point a of a saturated liquid phase state by the cold source fluid. Finally, the working medium flows into the liquid storage tank 8 to complete one cycle. The working medium converts the heat energy into mechanical energy in the heat-work conversion machine 3 to drive the generator 4 to generate electric energy, thereby realizing the conversion from the heat energy to the electric energy.
In order to illustrate the advantages of the system provided by the invention, carbon dioxide is taken as a cycle working medium, and the efficiencies, the calculation conditions and the main results of the transcritical Rankine cycle, the transcritical Rankine cycle with heat regeneration and the system provided by the invention are compared under the same conditions, and are shown in Table 1. It can be seen that the system provided by the present invention has certain advantages in thermal efficiency under the same conditions. In addition, for carbon dioxide, the specific heat capacity difference between the supercritical region and the superheated region is large, so that the phenomenon of flow rate mismatching in the regenerator can occur, which is also a great problem in the application of the supercritical carbon dioxide at present. However, the system provided by the present invention does not involve a regenerator, and thus has further advantages over the transcritical rankine cycle with recuperation.
TABLE 1
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a feasible thermodynamic cycle power generation system approaching to triangular cycle, which is different from embodiment 1 in that the system includes a multistage auxiliary condensation-compression cycle, that is, a set or more than one set of auxiliary condenser 5 and compressor 6 are arranged after the original auxiliary condenser 5 and compressor 6, which is more suitable for the case that the degree of superheat of the working medium at the outlet of the thermal power conversion machine is large, and the cooling state of the working medium in the superheat region can be closer to isothermal process by setting multistage condensation-compression.
The workflow of this example 2 is identical to that of example 1: in the multi-stage auxiliary condensation-compression cycle, the working medium at the outlet of the auxiliary condenser 5 is also in an overheated state and the temperature of the working medium is not higher than the temperature of the working medium at the inlet of the working medium pump 1; in the non-last stage of auxiliary condensation-compression cycle, the working medium pressure at the outlet of the compressor 6 is not higher than the working medium pressure at the inlet of the working medium pump 1; in the last stage of auxiliary condensing-compressing cycle, the working medium pressure at the outlet of the compressor 6 should be equal to the working medium pressure at the inlet of the working medium pump 1.
In conclusion, on the basis of the transcritical Rankine cycle, the thermodynamic cycle system disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the one-stage or multi-stage auxiliary condenser 5 and the compressor 6 are arranged between the main condenser 7 and the thermal power conversion machine 3, so that the condensation process of the working medium in the overheating area approaches to the isothermal process, and further the approach to the theoretical triangular cycle is realized. The system avoids using a liquid phase expansion machine which is not mature in the prior art, is a feasible system approaching triangular circulation, and has important significance for efficient utilization of a variable-temperature heat source.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A feasible thermodynamic cycle power generation system approaching triangular cycle is characterized by comprising a working medium pump, an evaporator, a thermal power conversion machine, a power generator, an auxiliary condenser, a compressor, a main condenser and a liquid storage tank, wherein the working medium pump, the evaporator, the thermal power conversion machine, the auxiliary condenser, the compressor, the main condenser and the liquid storage tank are sequentially connected through pipelines to form a working medium circulation passage, and the power generator is driven by the thermal power conversion machine to generate electric energy;
the working medium is saturated liquid in a low-pressure state at the inlet of the working medium pump, the pressure at the outlet of the working medium pump is higher than the critical pressure of the working medium, the pressure at the outlet of the thermal-power conversion machine is in an overheating state and is lower than the pressure at the inlet of the working medium pump, the pressure at the outlet of the auxiliary condenser is still in an overheating state and is not higher than the temperature at the inlet of the working medium pump, and the pressure at the inlet of the main condenser is equal to the pressure at the inlet of the working medium pump.
2. A feasible thermodynamic cycle power generation system approaching a triangular cycle according to claim 1 wherein the auxiliary condenser and the compressor are arranged in at least one group, the groups being arranged in the order in which the auxiliary condenser is connected to the compressor; working medium at the outlet of the auxiliary condenser in each group is in an overheated state, and the temperature of the working medium is not higher than the temperature of the working medium at the inlet of the working medium pump; in the non-last group, the working medium pressure at the outlet of the compressor should not be higher than the working medium pressure at the inlet of the working medium pump; in the last group, the working medium pressure at the outlet of the compressor should be equal to the working medium pressure at the inlet of the working medium pump.
3. The feasible thermodynamic cycle power generation system approaching triangular cycle according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid is dry working fluid, wet working fluid or isentropic working fluid.
4. A feasible thermodynamic cycle power generation system approaching a triangular cycle according to claim 1 wherein the thermal power conversion machine is a steam turbine or expander.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103195526A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-07-10 | 重庆大学 | Combined cooling power generation composite system based on supercritical organic Rankine cycle |
| DE102012220188A1 (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Integrated ORC process on intercooled compressors to increase efficiency and reduce required drive power by utilizing waste heat |
| CN203783657U (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2014-08-20 | 孟宁 | Closed triangular cycle high-efficient generating device |
| CN108317581A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-24 | 天津商业大学 | A kind of non-azeotropic working medium mechanical-assisted supercooling CO2Trans-critical cycle heat pump heating system |
| CN108798808A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-13 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of CO for high-temperature flue gas waste heat recovery2Circulating thermoelectric co-generation system |
-
2020
- 2020-05-08 CN CN202010383980.3A patent/CN111677570A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012220188A1 (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Integrated ORC process on intercooled compressors to increase efficiency and reduce required drive power by utilizing waste heat |
| CN103195526A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-07-10 | 重庆大学 | Combined cooling power generation composite system based on supercritical organic Rankine cycle |
| CN203783657U (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2014-08-20 | 孟宁 | Closed triangular cycle high-efficient generating device |
| CN108317581A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-24 | 天津商业大学 | A kind of non-azeotropic working medium mechanical-assisted supercooling CO2Trans-critical cycle heat pump heating system |
| CN108798808A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-13 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of CO for high-temperature flue gas waste heat recovery2Circulating thermoelectric co-generation system |
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Application publication date: 20200918 |