CN114811990B - Co-production system and method combining carbon dioxide power cycle and heat pump cycle - Google Patents

Co-production system and method combining carbon dioxide power cycle and heat pump cycle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114811990B
CN114811990B CN202210310050.4A CN202210310050A CN114811990B CN 114811990 B CN114811990 B CN 114811990B CN 202210310050 A CN202210310050 A CN 202210310050A CN 114811990 B CN114811990 B CN 114811990B
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heat
heat pump
cycle
condenser
precooler
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CN114811990A (en
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王顺森
颜晓江
程上方
刘观伟
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/001—Compression cycle type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
    • F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/06—Superheaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F24D2200/123—Compression type heat pumps

Abstract

The invention discloses a co-production system and a co-production method combining carbon dioxide power cycle and heat pump cycle, wherein the co-production system comprises: heat source, CO 2 Turbine, CO 2 Regenerator, CO 2 Precooler, CO 2 Condenser, CO 2 Booster pump, generator, heat pump compressor, heater, cooler, choke valve, first tee bend and second tee bend. The invention uses the same heat exchanger or the same group of heat exchangers to simultaneously serve as the cooler of the power subsystem and the evaporator of the heat pump subsystem, skillfully realizes the organic coupling of the two subsystems, improves the power generation efficiency of the power subsystem on the one hand, reduces the heat emission on the other hand, and meets the cold and heat loads of users.

Description

Co-production system and method combining carbon dioxide power cycle and heat pump cycle
Technical Field
The invention relates to an energy-saving technology, in particular to a co-production system and a co-production method combining carbon dioxide power circulation and heat pump (refrigeration) circulation.
Background
At present, a Rankine cycle power generation system taking steam as a working medium is mainly adopted by a main power generator set, but the system has some defects which are difficult to overcome. Taking a thermal generator set as an example, although steam is preheated by a complex regenerative system, the temperature of a working medium entering a boiler is still relatively low, the temperature difference between the working medium and a heat source is large, and heat exchange loss is not negligible and is determined by physical properties and is difficult to change. The primary approach to increasing the efficiency of the steam rankine cycle is to increase the parameters of the main steam. The EU, japan and USA begin to explore advanced ultra-supercritical steam Rankine cycle power generation technology in succession at the end of 90 s in the 20 th century, in order to increase the main steam parameters to 700 ℃/35MPa or more, increase the power supply thermal efficiency to nearly 50%, and reduce the heat consumption and CO2 emission by 10% -15%. However, to date, there is no ultra supercritical power plant project in the world that has been successfully operated, the main reason being that, subject to the development of the materials industry, no inexpensive materials capable of withstanding the high temperatures of 700 degrees have been found. Although thousands of degrees of alloy material have been used in aircraft engines and gas turbines, they are too expensive to be affordable for high power generator sets. In addition, high-parameter operating conditions also place higher demands on manufacturing and processing of connecting equipment such as pipes. Meanwhile, brayton cycle using carbon dioxide as working medium increasingly becomes a research focus due to the advantages of high efficiency, compact structure and the like. Research and calculation show that under the condition of the same parameters, the carbon dioxide Brayton cycle has higher efficiency than the steam Rankine cycle. More importantly, the carbon dioxide has high density, so that the volume of equipment is greatly reduced, and the manufacturing cost is hopefully and greatly reduced. However, since carbon dioxide has a low critical temperature (about 31 ℃), it is difficult to condense at room temperature and can only be maintained in a supercritical state, which limits further improvement in efficiency.
From the heating aspect, the small boiler heating is basically replaced by the large boiler central heating. However, from the second law of thermodynamics, there is still a huge waste of energy to directly produce low-grade heat energy from high-grade chemical energy. In recent years, a heat pump cycle has attracted increasing attention as an efficient and energy-saving heating system. The heat pump circularly utilizes low-grade heat energy, so that the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency can reach more than 300 percent, and the heat pump has huge energy-saving potential.
The invention relates to a co-production system combining carbon dioxide power circulation and heat pump (refrigeration) circulation, wherein a cooler of the carbon dioxide power circulation is coupled with an evaporator of the heat pump (refrigeration) circulation to achieve the purposes of power generation, heat supply and even refrigeration. The invention fully exerts the advantages of the two systems through the organic coupling of the two cycles, improves the energy utilization efficiency to more than 80 percent, and has obvious economic benefit, social benefit and engineering application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a co-production system and a co-production method combining carbon dioxide power circulation and heat pump circulation, which fully play the advantages of two systems and improve the energy utilization efficiency to more than 80% by organically coupling the two circulations.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combined carbon dioxide power cycle and heat pump cycle cogeneration system, comprising:
heat source, CO 2 Turbine, CO 2 Regenerator, CO 2 Precooler, CO 2 Condenser, CO 2 The system comprises a booster pump, a generator, a heat pump compressor, a heater, a cooler, a throttle valve, a first tee joint and a second tee joint;
the generator is connected with CO 2 Turbine, CO 2 Turbine connected CO 2 Regenerator, CO 2 Regenerator connected to CO 2 Precooler, CO 2 The precooler is connected with CO 2 Condenser, CO 2 Condenser connected to CO 2 Booster pump, CO 2 The booster pump is connected with CO 2 A heat regenerator;
the CO is 2 The condenser is connected with the heat pump compressor through a second tee joint, the heat pump compressor is connected with the heater, the heater is connected with the cooler, the cooler is connected with the throttle valve, and the throttle valve is respectively connected with the CO through a first tee joint 2 Condenser and CO 2 A precooler;
the CO is 2 The precooler is connected with the heat pump compressor through a second tee joint.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combined carbon dioxide power cycle and heat pump cycle cogeneration system method, comprising:
CO 2 the circulation loop method comprises the following steps: from CO 2 High pressure CO of booster pump 2 In turn in CO 2 Absorbing heat in a heat regenerator and a heat source, raising the temperature to design parameters, and then introducing CO 2 The turbine expands to do work, and the output function of the turbine is used for driving the generator to generate electricity; CO2 2 The turbine exhaust gas is condensed by a heat regenerator, a cooler and a condenser in sequence and passes through CO 2 Pressurizing by a booster pump to complete a cycle; under the working condition of summer, circulating cooling water enters a precooler, and a refrigerating working medium enters a condenser; under the working condition in winter, the refrigeration working medium enters a precooler, and the circulating cooling water enters a condenser;
heat pump circulation loop method: in summer, the working medium of the heat pump is evaporated in the condenser; under the working condition of winter, the working medium of the heat pump is evaporated in the precooler; then the high-temperature high-pressure fluid is compressed into high-temperature high-pressure fluid by a heat pump compressor, exchanges heat with an external circulating water loop in a heater, is cooled by cooling water in a cooler, flows through a throttling valve, becomes gas-liquid two-phase fluid, enters a corresponding evaporator to be evaporated under the control of a first tee joint, and enters the compressor through a second tee joint to complete circulation; the cooling water can be circulating cooling water, and can also be qualified river water or seawater;
the cold source loop method comprises the following steps: the precooler in the power subsystem under summer working condition, the condenser of the power subsystem under winter working condition and the cooler in the heat pump subsystem all utilize external circulating cooling media to realize the function of external heat dissipation, and adopt water cooling; in areas with poor water resources, air cooling can also be adopted;
the heating loop method comprises the following steps: the heat pump working medium realizes heating of the heat supply circulating water through the heater, and then the heat supply circulating water supplies heat to users through a heat supply pipe network; the heat supply circulating medium is generally water, but other media can be adopted according to actual needs.
The invention has the advantages that:
according to the co-production system and method combining the carbon dioxide power cycle and the heat pump cycle, the same heat exchanger or the same group of heat exchangers are used as the cooler of the power subsystem and the evaporator of the heat pump subsystem at the same time, so that the organic coupling of the two subsystems is skillfully realized, the power generation efficiency of the power subsystem is improved, the heat emission is reduced, and the cold and heat loads of a user are met.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a first embodiment of a combined carbon dioxide power cycle and heat pump cycle cogeneration system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a second embodiment of the combined carbon dioxide power cycle and heat pump cycle cogeneration system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a third embodiment of the combined carbon dioxide power cycle and heat pump cycle cogeneration system of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fourth embodiment of the combined carbon dioxide power cycle and heat pump cycle cogeneration system of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1 is a heat source; 2 is CO 2 A turbine; 3 is CO 2 A heat regenerator; 4 is CO 2 A precooler; 5 is CO 2 A condenser; 6 is CO 2 A booster pump; 7. is a generator; b1 is a heat pump compressor; b2 is a heater; b3 is a cooler; b4 is a throttle valve; b5 is a first tee; b6 is a second tee joint; b7 is a refrigerator.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
A combined carbon dioxide power cycle and heat pump cycle cogeneration system comprising:
heat source, CO 2 Turbine, CO 2 Regenerator, CO 2 Precooler, CO 2 Condenser, CO 2 The system comprises a booster pump, a generator, a heat pump compressor, a heater, a cooler, a throttle valve, a first tee joint and a second tee joint;
the generator (7) is connected with CO 2 Turbine (2), CO 2 Turbine (2) connected to CO 2 Regenerator (3), CO 2 The heat regenerator (3) is connected with CO 2 Precooler (4), CO 2 The precooler (4) is connected with CO 2 Condenser (5), CO 2 The condenser (5) is connected with CO 2 Booster pump (6), CO 2 The booster pump (6) is connected with CO 2 A regenerator (3);
the CO is 2 The condenser (5) is connected with the heat pump compressor (B1) through a second tee joint (B6), the heat pump compressor (B1) is connected with the heater (B2), the heater (B2) is connected with the cooler (B3), the cooler (B3) is connected with the throttle valve (B4), and the throttle valve (B4) is respectively connected with the CO through a first tee joint (B5) 2 Condenser (5) and CO 2 A precooler (4);
the CO is 2 The precooler (4) is connected with the heat pump compressor (B1) through a second tee joint (B6).
A combined carbon dioxide power cycle and heat pump cycle cogeneration system method comprising:
CO 2 the circulation loop method comprises the following steps: from CO 2 High pressure CO of booster pump 2 In turn in CO 2 Absorbing heat in a heat regenerator and a heat source, raising the temperature to design parameters, and then introducing CO 2 The turbine expands to do work, and the output function of the turbine is used for driving the generator to generate electricity; CO2 2 The turbine exhaust gas is condensed by a heat regenerator, a cooler and a condenser in sequence and passes through CO 2 Pressurizing by a booster pump to complete a cycle; under the working condition of summer, circulating cooling water enters a precooler, and a refrigerating working medium enters a condenser; under the working condition in winter, the refrigeration working medium enters a precooler, and the circulating cooling water enters a condenser;
heat pump circulation loop method: in summer, the working medium of the heat pump is evaporated in the condenser; under the working condition in winter, the working medium of the heat pump is evaporated in the precooler; then the high-temperature high-pressure fluid is compressed into high-temperature high-pressure fluid by a heat pump compressor, exchanges heat with an external circulating water loop in a heater, is cooled by cooling water in a cooler, flows through a throttling valve, becomes gas-liquid two-phase fluid, enters a corresponding evaporator to be evaporated under the control of a first tee joint, and enters the compressor through a second tee joint to complete circulation; the cooling water can be circulating cooling water, and can also be qualified river water or seawater;
the cold source loop method comprises the following steps: the precooler in the power subsystem under summer working condition, the condenser of the power subsystem under winter working condition and the cooler in the heat pump subsystem all utilize external circulating cooling media to realize the function of external heat dissipation, and adopt water cooling; in the areas with poor water resources, air cooling can also be adopted;
the heating loop method comprises the following steps: the heat pump working medium heats the heat supply circulating water through the heater, and then the heat supply circulating water supplies heat to users through a heat supply pipe network; the heat supply circulating medium is generally water, but other media can be adopted according to actual needs.
Example one
A combined heat and power generation system combining a carbon dioxide power cycle and a heat pump cycle is shown in figure 1. The system is characterized in that a cooler of carbon dioxide power cycle and an evaporator of heat pump (refrigeration) cycle use the same heat exchanger or a group of heat exchangers, organic coupling between two subsystems is ingeniously realized, the carbon dioxide is cooled by using the refrigerating capacity of heat pump cycle evaporation, and meanwhile, the waste heat of the power subsystem is converted into effective heat supply for output. The system mainly comprises a heat source 1 and CO 2 Turbine 2, CO 2 Regenerator 3, CO 2 Precooler 4, CO 2 Condenser 5, CO 2 A booster pump 6, a generator 7, a heat pump compressor B1, a heater B2, a cooler B3, a throttle valve B4, a first tee joint B5, a second tee joint B6 and the like. The combined cycle system can be broken down into the following four circuits:
CO 2 a circulation loop: from CO 2 High pressure CO of booster pump 6 2 In turn at CO 2 The heat regenerator 3 and the heat source (1) absorb heat and raise the temperature to design parameters, and then the CO enters 2 The turbine 2 performs work by expansion, and the output work of the turbine is used for driving the generator 7 to generate electricity. CO2 2 The turbine exhaust gas is condensed by a heat regenerator 3, a cooler 4 and a condenser 5 in sequence and passes through CO 2 The booster pump 6 boosts the pressure to complete a cycle. Wherein, under the working condition of summer, the circulating cooling water enters the precooler 4, and the refrigerating working medium enters the condenser 5; under the working condition in winter, the refrigeration working medium enters the precooler 4, and the circulating cooling water enters the condenser 5.
A heat pump circulation circuit: in summer, the working medium of the heat pump is evaporated in the condenser 5; in winter, the working medium of the heat pump is evaporated in the precooler 4. Then the high-temperature high-pressure fluid is compressed into high-temperature high-pressure fluid by a heat pump compressor B1, exchanges heat with an external circulating water loop in a heater B2, is cooled by cooling water in a cooler (B3), flows through a throttle valve B4, becomes gas-liquid two-phase fluid, enters a corresponding evaporator to be evaporated under the control of a first tee joint B5, and enters a compressor through a second tee joint B6 to complete circulation. The cooling water may be circulating cooling water, or may be qualified river water, sea water, or the like.
A cold source loop: the precooler 4 in the power subsystem under summer working condition, the condenser 5 in the power subsystem under winter working condition and the cooler B3 in the heat pump subsystem all utilize external circulating cooling media to realize the function of external heat dissipation, and generally adopt water cooling. In areas with low water resources, air cooling can also be adopted.
A heat supply loop: the heat pump working medium heats the heat supply circulating water through the heater B2, and then the heat supply circulating water supplies heat to users through a heat supply pipe network. The heat supply circulating medium is generally water, but other media can be adopted according to actual needs.
It should be noted that the above cycle only indicates the simplest carbon dioxide regenerative rankine cycle, i.e., a simple heat pump cycle without heat regeneration, the system for practical engineering application will be more complicated, and in order to improve the cycle efficiency, the above carbon dioxide power cycle can also be replaced by more complicated systems such as a primary reheating system, a secondary reheating system, an indirect cooling system, and a recompression system; the heat pump (refrigeration) subsystem can also be replaced by systems such as jet circulation, multi-stage circulation, regenerative circulation and the like; auxiliary equipment can be added according to the needs. The present embodiment is still equivalent to or modified from the present embodiment as long as the combination of the carbon dioxide power cycle and the heat pump (refrigeration) cycle is not changed.
Example two
A combined cooling, heating and power system combining a carbon dioxide power cycle and a heat pump cycle, as shown in figure 2. The system is characterized in that a condenser of carbon dioxide power cycle and an evaporator of heat pump (refrigeration) cycle use the same heat exchanger or a group of heat exchangers, organic coupling between two subsystems is ingeniously realized, the carbon dioxide is cooled and cooled externally by using the refrigerating capacity of the heat pump cycle evaporation, and meanwhile, waste heat of the power subsystem is converted into effective heat supply and output. The combined cycle system is basically the same as the first embodiment; the only difference is that a refrigerator B7 is added to the heat pump (refrigeration) subsystem. After the working medium of the heat pump passes through the throttle valve, part of the working medium is used for cooling the carbon dioxide working medium in the power subsystem as described in the first embodiment, the other part of the working medium is used for exchanging heat with an external refrigerant, and the cooling refrigerant further supplies cold to a user, so that the refrigeration function is realized. In this example, the two portions of heat pump working fluid are arranged in parallel.
It should be noted that the above cycle only indicates the simplest carbon dioxide regenerative rankine cycle, i.e., a simple heat pump cycle without heat regeneration, the system for practical engineering application will be more complicated, and in order to improve the cycle efficiency, the above carbon dioxide power cycle can also be replaced by more complicated systems such as a primary reheating system, a secondary reheating system, an indirect cooling system, and a recompression system; the heat pump (refrigeration) subsystem can also be replaced by systems such as jet circulation, multi-stage circulation, regenerative circulation and the like; auxiliary equipment can be added according to the needs. The present embodiment is still equivalent to or modified from the present embodiment as long as the combination of the carbon dioxide power cycle and the heat pump (refrigeration) cycle is not changed.
EXAMPLE III
A combined cooling, heating and power system combining carbon dioxide power cycle and heat pump (refrigeration) cycle is shown in figure 3. The system is characterized in that the condenser of the carbon dioxide power cycle and the evaporator of the heat pump (refrigeration) cycle use the same or a group of heat exchangers, organic coupling between the two subsystems is ingeniously realized, the carbon dioxide is cooled and externally cooled by using the refrigerating capacity of the heat pump cycle evaporation, and meanwhile, waste heat of the power subsystem is converted into effective heat supply and output. The combined cycle system is basically the same as the first embodiment; the only difference is that a refrigerator B7 is added to the heat pump subsystem. After passing through the throttle valve, the working medium of the heat pump firstly flows through the refrigerator to exchange heat with an external refrigerant, and the refrigerant is cooled to supply cold to a user, so that the refrigeration function is realized; and then enters a condenser/precooler in the power subsystem for cooling the carbon dioxide working medium. In this example, the heat pump working fluid is entering the refrigerator B7 and the precooler 4/condenser 5 in series.
It should be noted that the sequence of the heat pump working medium entering the refrigerator B7 and the precooler 4/condenser 5 may be changed according to the actual situation, that is, the working medium may enter the refrigerator B7 after entering the precooler 4/condenser 5. In addition, the above cycle only indicates the simplest carbon dioxide regenerative rankine cycle, namely a simple heat pump cycle without heat regeneration, the system applied in practical engineering will be more complex, and in order to improve the cycle efficiency, the carbon dioxide power cycle can also be replaced by a more complex system such as primary reheating, secondary reheating, indirect cooling, recompression and the like; the heat pump (refrigeration) subsystem can also be replaced by systems such as jet circulation, multi-stage circulation, regenerative circulation and the like; auxiliary equipment can be added according to the needs. The present embodiment is still equivalent to or modified from the present embodiment as long as the combination of the carbon dioxide power cycle and the heat pump (refrigeration) cycle is not changed.
Example four
A cogeneration system combining a carbon dioxide power cycle and a heat pump (refrigeration) cycle, as shown in fig. 4. The system is characterized in that a condenser of carbon dioxide power cycle and an evaporator of heat pump (refrigeration) cycle use the same heat exchanger or a group of heat exchangers, organic coupling between two subsystems is skillfully realized, and simultaneously a heat pump circulating heater and a power cycle precooler are used for heating carbon dioxide working medium at an outlet of the pump, so that the system is only suitable for summer working conditions. The combined cycle system is basically the same as the first embodiment; the only difference is that the high-pressure carbon dioxide at the outlet of the pump is divided into two parts, which are respectively sent into the precooler 4 and the heater B3 for preheating, and then sent into the reheater 3 for absorbing heat. The arrangement not only recovers the waste heat of the power sub-cycle and the heat pump sub-cycle, but also reduces the consumption of cooling water of the cold source loop, and improves the heat efficiency and the economical efficiency of the system.
In addition, the above cycle only indicates the simplest carbon dioxide regenerative rankine cycle, i.e. a simple non-regenerative heat pump cycle, the system applied in practical engineering will be more complicated, and in order to improve the cycle efficiency, the carbon dioxide power cycle can also be replaced by more complicated systems such as primary reheating, secondary reheating, indirect cooling, recompression and the like; the heat pump (refrigeration) subsystem can also be replaced by systems such as jet circulation, multi-stage circulation, regenerative circulation and the like; auxiliary equipment can be added according to the needs. The present embodiment is still equivalent to or modified from the present embodiment as long as the combination of the carbon dioxide power cycle and the heat pump (refrigeration) cycle is not changed.
The system is a combined cycle system which takes carbon dioxide power cycle as a power subsystem and takes heat pump (refrigeration) cycle as a heat supply (refrigeration) subsystem, wherein the power cycle and the heat pump cycle are connected by one or a group of heat exchangers, and the heat exchangers are used as a cooler of the power cycle and an evaporator of the heat pump (refrigeration) cycle, thereby realizing the organic coupling among the subsystems.
The system has the following technical characteristics:
(1) The work flow of the upper circulation is as follows: high pressure CO 2 Absorbing heat at a heat source, raising the temperature to given parameters, and introducing CO 2 Turbine expands to do work, and waste heat of exhaust gas passes through CO 2 The heat regenerator transfers the heat to a high-pressure side working medium and passes through CO 2 The precooler and the condenser are condensed. Condensed CO 2 Is pumped to pressure and then in CO 2 The heat regenerator absorbs heat to raise temperature, and the heat regenerator enters the heat source again to absorb heat to complete one cycle.
(2) The working flow when the lower cycle adopts a simple heat pump (refrigeration) cycle is as follows: the heat pump working medium is evaporated in the evaporator, and then the vapor is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure fluid by the compressor. The heat exchange with the heat supply circulating water in the heater is carried out, then the heat exchange is changed into low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase fluid through the cooler and the throttle valve, and the low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase fluid enters the evaporator again to absorb heat, so that the circulation is completed.
(3) The power cycle and the heat pump (refrigeration) cycle are connected by one or a group of heat exchangers, which act both as coolers for the power cycle and as evaporators for the heat pump (refrigeration) cycle. Working medium of the power subsystem is circularly condensed by the heat pump in the cooler/evaporator, so that the efficiency of the power subsystem is improved, and waste heat which is originally dissipated to the environment in the power subsystem is converted into effective heat supply by the heat pump subsystem, so that the utilization efficiency of energy is greatly improved.
(4) The parameters and specific configuration of the power subsystem may vary with the type of heat source and design requirements. Such as: arrangements such as recompression cycles, reheat cycles, intercooling cycles, etc. may be employed to improve power subsystem efficiency. In addition, when the temperature of a heat source changes greatly (such as engine waste heat recovery), modes such as a split preheating cycle and a multi-stage cycle can be adopted, and the invention does not expand the specific layout and parameters of a power subsystem and only selects one representative structure for discussion.
(5) The working medium type, the operation parameters and the specific arrangement mode of the heat pump (refrigeration) subsystem can be changed according to specific conditions. Such as: organic working media, water vapor, carbon dioxide, mixed working media and the like can be adopted as the working media; the arrangement modes of jet circulation, multi-stage circulation, regenerative circulation and the like can be adopted.
The working principle of the system is as follows: the problem that carbon dioxide power circulation is difficult to condense under summer working conditions is solved by utilizing the circulation of the refrigerating machine, the waste heat of a power system under winter working conditions is converted into external heat supply by utilizing the circulation of the heat pump, and the efficient operation of the system under all working conditions is realized.
The carbon dioxide power cycle is a Rankine cycle with heat recovery and taking carbon dioxide as a working medium, and the main working process is as follows: the high-pressure carbon dioxide absorbs heat from a heat source, is heated and then enters a turbine to expand and do work, and drives a generator to generate electricity; the turbine exhaust steam is cooled and condensed by a heat regenerator, a precooler and a condenser in sequence, then enters a booster pump for pressurization, is preheated in the heat regenerator, then enters a heat source for heat absorption, and completes power cycle.
The heat pump/chiller cycle can be switched to a heat pump mode or a chiller mode as needed, wherein the heat pump mode mainly operates under the working condition that the ambient temperature is lower than 15-25 ℃, and the chiller mode mainly operates under the working condition that the ambient temperature is higher than 15-25 ℃.
When the heat pump/refrigerator cycle operates in a heat pump mode, working media are evaporated in the power cycle precooler, the working media are compressed by the heat pump compressor, are boosted, are heated and enter the heater to supply heat to users, then enter the cooler to be cooled, are reduced in pressure by the throttle valve and then return to the precooler, and the condenser of the power cycle can be cooled by cold air or cold water in the external environment.
When the heat pump/refrigerator cycle operates in a refrigerator mode, working media are evaporated in the condenser, are compressed, boosted, heated and then enter the heater to release heat, then enter the cooler to further reduce the temperature, are reduced in pressure by the throttle valve, and finally return to the condenser for condensing carbon dioxide of the power cycle, so that the power cycle efficiency is improved.
When the heat pump/refrigerator cycle operates in the refrigerator mode, the precooler of the power cycle and the heater of the refrigerator cycle may be used to heat the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the booster pump of the power cycle, or may be cooled by cold air or cold water in the external environment.
When the heat pump/chiller cycle operates in chiller mode, the system can provide cooling to the outside in series or in parallel if excess cooling energy is present.
Specific forms of the heat source include, but are not limited to, boilers, nuclear energy, solar thermal power, engine waste heat, geothermal heat, various industrial waste heats, and the like.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A combined carbon dioxide power cycle and heat pump cycle cogeneration system, comprising:
heat source (1), CO 2 Turbine (2), CO 2 Regenerator (3), CO 2 Precooler (4), CO 2 Condenser (5), CO 2 A booster pump (6), a generator (7), a heat pump compressor (B1), a heater (B2), a cooler (B3), a throttle valve (B4), a first tee joint (B5) and a second tee joint (B6);
the generator (7) is connected with CO 2 Turbine (2), CO 2 Turbine (2) connected to CO 2 Regenerator (3), CO 2 The heat regenerator (3) is connected with CO 2 Precooler (4), CO 2 The precooler (4) is connected with CO 2 Condenser (5), CO 2 The condenser (5) is connected with CO 2 Booster pump (6), CO 2 The booster pump (6) is connected with CO 2 A regenerator (3);
the CO is 2 The condenser (5) is connected with the heat pump compressor (B1) through a second tee joint (B6), the heat pump compressor (B1) is connected with the heater (B2), the heater (B2) is connected with the cooler (B3), the cooler (B3) is connected with the throttle valve (B4), and the throttle valve (B4) is respectively connected with the CO through a first tee joint (B5) 2 Condenser (5) and CO 2 A precooler (4);
the CO is 2 The precooler (4) is connected with the heat pump compressor (B1) through a second tee joint (B6).
2. The combined carbon dioxide power cycle and heat pump cycle cogeneration system method of claim 1, comprising:
CO 2 the circulation loop method comprises the following steps: from CO 2 High pressure CO of booster pump (6) 2 In turn in CO 2 The heat regenerator (3) and the heat source (1) absorb heat and raise the temperature to design parameters, and then the CO enters 2 The turbine (2) does work by expansion, and the output work of the turbine is used for driving a generator (7) to generate electricity; CO2 2 The turbine exhaust gas is condensed by a heat regenerator (3), a cooler (4) and a condenser (5) in sequence and passes through CO 2 The booster pump (6) boosts to complete a cycle; wherein, under the working condition of summer, the circulating cooling water enters the precooler (4), and the refrigerating working medium enters the condenser (5); under the working condition of winter, the refrigeration working medium enters a precooler (4), and the circulating cooling water enters a condenser (5);
heat pump circulation loop method: in summer, the working medium of the heat pump is evaporated in the condenser (5); under the working condition of winter, the working medium of the heat pump is evaporated in the precooler (4); then the high-temperature high-pressure fluid is compressed into high-temperature high-pressure fluid by a heat pump compressor (B1), exchanges heat with an external circulating water loop in a heater (B2), is cooled by cooling water in a cooler (B3), flows through a throttle valve (B4), becomes gas-liquid two-phase fluid, enters a corresponding evaporator to be evaporated under the control of a first tee joint (B5), and enters the compressor through a second tee joint (B6) to finish circulation; the cooling water can be circulating cooling water, and can also be qualified river water or seawater;
the cold source loop method comprises the following steps: a precooler (4) in the power subsystem under summer working conditions, a condenser (5) in the power subsystem under winter working conditions and a cooler (B3) in the heat pump subsystem all realize the function of external heat dissipation by utilizing an external circulating cooling medium and adopt water cooling; in the areas with poor water resources, air cooling can also be adopted;
the heating loop method comprises the following steps: the heat pump working medium realizes heating of the heat supply circulating water through the heater (B2), and then the heat supply circulating water supplies heat to users through a heat supply pipe network; the heat supply circulating medium is generally water, but other media can be adopted according to actual needs.
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