CN111677507A - Mining method suitable for deep metal mine - Google Patents
Mining method suitable for deep metal mine Download PDFInfo
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- CN111677507A CN111677507A CN202010451881.4A CN202010451881A CN111677507A CN 111677507 A CN111677507 A CN 111677507A CN 202010451881 A CN202010451881 A CN 202010451881A CN 111677507 A CN111677507 A CN 111677507A
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a mining method suitable for deep metal mines, which divides an original deep ore body into a plurality of ore layers and ore regions, reasonably plans the ore regions, reduces the exposed area of a top plate of the ore field, reduces the operation time of personnel and equipment in a mining empty field, improves the safety of constructors and equipment in the mining process, and does not need to dig an ore removal drift and an ore removal route in adjacent ore pillars and ore top pillar fillers when mining an ore house and ore top pillars, thereby improving the safety; meanwhile, ore is directly and independently removed in the ore room and the ore pillar bottom drawing space, the ore removing space is large, the mutual interference is less, the ore removing efficiency is high, the ore removing has no dead angle, the ore removing is clean, and no secondary ore loss exists; the artificial bottom column is constructed without reserving an ore bottom plate, so that the ore loss at one time is avoided, and the resource recovery rate is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a mining method suitable for deep metal mines.
Background
At present, more than 70% of underground mined iron mines in China are mined by a caving method. However, caving mining causes surface subsidence and damages groundwater systems, which causes a series of environmental problems. With the continuous demand of China on mineral resources, metal mines are gradually mined to deep parts, and a plurality of large iron ores buried deep at 1200-2000 meters have been discovered in recent years. In the future, as exploration continues, more and more deep metal deposits will be found. For such metal mines with large burial depths, if a filling method is adopted for mining, mine enterprises cannot bear high filling cost due to the factors of long filling lines, low ore value and the like. The high stress caused by deep mining also does not allow the mining of the mines by an open field method, and if the mining is carried out by a traditional caving method, large-area surface subsidence can be caused, the ore loss is large, and the safety performance is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mining method suitable for a deep metal mine, and aims to solve the problems that large-area ground surface collapse, much ore loss and poor safety performance can be caused when the traditional caving method provided by the background technology is used for mining.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a mining method suitable for deep metal mines comprises the following steps:
s1: mining deposit exploitation to form an exploitation system;
s2: setting the trend of the ore vein of the mining area as a length direction A, setting the horizontal thickness direction of the mining area as a width direction B, and setting the vertical thickness direction of the mining area as a height direction C;
s3: selecting an extent in a mining area, dividing the extent into a plurality of sections along the height direction C, and dividing each section into a plurality of blocks along the length direction A; dividing each ore block into N ore layers on average along the height direction C;
s3: dividing the chamber according to the development system, the plate area system and the extravein layered drift which are arranged according to the reason;
s4: reasonably arranging a cutting groove, a small cutting groove and a sub-layering mining standard roadway according to the divided chamber, and reserving a mine roof pillar;
s5: expanding the layers to two sides of the chamber along the height direction C by taking a cutting cross lane of the chamber as a center, forming a large-section bottom structure which is consistent with the height of the cutting cross lane and is pulled along the full section of the bottom of the chamber by adopting a blasting method, and expanding the large-section bottom structure along the hanging wall inclination boundary of the chamber to form a cutting groove at the other end of the cutting cross lane by taking a cutting raise or a mountain as a center;
s6: in the bottom-drawing space at the lower part of each layered chamber, drilling upward vertical parallel blast holes by adopting a medium-length hole drilling trolley, adopting row-by-row, subsection and in-hole micro-difference blasting, from upper layering to lower layering, wherein the upper layering is ahead of the lower layering, and the medium-length hole blasting of 2-3 rows of blast holes is carried out at one time;
s7: after blasting, ventilating and discharging pollution, in the full-pull-bottom space of the middle-section horizontal chamber, a scraper is adopted to remove ores, and the ores are unloaded to an ore pass shaft of a stope, so that stope stoping is completed;
s8: and (5) after the top pillar is mined, completing mining.
Preferably, the thickness of the mine roof column is 3-5 m, and the trend of the mine roof column is controlled according to the mine room.
Preferably, the stope jamb specifically comprises the following steps: after the mining of adjacent ore rooms and the cemented filling reach a certain stable strength, a large-section bottom structure which is consistent with the height of a cutting cross drift and is pulled along the full section of the bottom of the ore pillar is formed by taking an ore room filling body as a partition column and adopting a drilling and blasting method, a cutting raise or a mountain climbing is taken as a center at the other end of the cutting cross drift, a cutting groove is formed by expanding along the hanging plate inclined boundary of the ore body of the ore top pillar, upward vertical parallel blast holes are drilled by adopting a medium-length hole drilling trolley, row-by-row, subsection and in-hole differential blasting is adopted, the upper layer is layered from top to bottom, the upper layer is layered before the lower layer, and the medium-length hole blasting of a plurality of rows of blast holes is performed at one time; and after blasting, ventilating and discharging pollution, in the full-bottom-drawing space of the middle-section horizontal mine roof pillar, ore is removed by adopting a scraper, and the mining of the mine roof pillar is finished.
Preferably, the rows of the blast holes are 4-5 rows.
Preferably, an isolation retaining wall is built at the joint of the transport cross drift, the connecting road and the stope, an artificial bottom pillar is built at the bottom of the stope, and non-cemented filling is carried out on the artificial bottom pillar by adopting waste rocks and dry tailings.
Preferably, the height of the artificial bottom column is 15-20m, and the sand-lime ratio is 1: 5-1: 6.
preferably, the artificial bottom pillar is a reinforced concrete bottom pillar or a non-reinforced concrete bottom pillar.
Preferably, the reinforced concrete bottom pillar is firstly provided with a reinforcing mesh or a steel rail with the height of 1.3 or 1.4m, the reinforcing mesh or the steel rail is fixedly connected with the surrounding rock through an anchor rod or a drill hole, and the water seepage mesh is pre-buried.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the mining method suitable for the deep metal mine divides the original deep ore body into a plurality of ore layers and ore regions, reasonably plans the ore regions, reduces the exposed area of the top plate of the ore field, reduces the operation time of personnel and equipment in a mining empty field, improves the safety of constructors and equipment in the stoping process, and improves the safety without digging an ore-out drift and an ore-out route in adjacent ore pillars and ore pillar fillers when stoping an ore room and an ore pillar; meanwhile, ore is directly and independently removed in the ore room and the ore pillar bottom drawing space, the ore removing space is large, the mutual interference is less, the ore removing efficiency is high, the ore removing has no dead angle, the ore removing is clean, and no secondary ore loss exists; the artificial bottom column is constructed without reserving an ore bottom plate, so that the ore loss at one time is avoided, and the resource recovery rate is high.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a mining method suitable for deep metal mines comprises the following steps:
s1: mining deposit exploitation to form an exploitation system;
s2: setting the trend of the ore vein of the mining area as a length direction A, setting the horizontal thickness direction of the mining area as a width direction B, and setting the vertical thickness direction of the mining area as a height direction C;
s3: selecting an extent in a mining area, dividing the extent into a plurality of sections along the height direction C, and dividing each section into a plurality of ore blocks along the length direction A; dividing each ore block into N ore layers on average along the height direction C;
s3: dividing the chamber according to the development system, the plate area system and the extravein layered drift which are arranged according to the reason;
s4: reasonably arranging a cutting groove, a small cutting groove and a sub-layering mining standard roadway according to the divided chamber, and reserving a mine roof pillar;
s5: expanding the layers to two sides of the chamber along the height direction C by taking a cutting cross lane of the chamber as a center, forming a large-section bottom structure which is consistent with the height of the cutting cross lane and is pulled along the full section of the bottom of the chamber by adopting a blasting method, and expanding the structure along the hanging plate inclined boundary of the chamber to form a cutting groove at the other end of the cutting cross lane by taking a cutting raise or a mountain as a center;
s6: in the bottom-drawing space at the lower part of each layered chamber, drilling upward vertical parallel blast holes by adopting a medium-length hole drilling trolley, adopting row-by-row, subsection and in-hole micro-difference blasting, from upper layering to lower layering, wherein the upper layering is ahead of the lower layering, and the medium-length hole blasting of 2-3 rows of blast holes is carried out at one time;
s7: after blasting, ventilating and discharging pollution, in the full-pull-bottom space of the middle-section horizontal chamber, a scraper is adopted to remove ores, and the ores are unloaded to an ore pass shaft of a stope, so that stope stoping is completed;
s8: and (5) after the top pillar is mined, completing mining.
Specifically, the thickness of the mine roof column is 3-5 m, the trend of the mine roof column is controlled according to a mine room, and the mine roof column is safer and more reliable.
It is worth to be noted that the stope jack particularly comprises the following steps: after the mining of adjacent ore rooms and the cemented filling reach a certain stable strength, a large-section bottom structure which is consistent with the height of a cutting cross drift and is pulled along the full section of the bottom of the ore pillar is formed by using an ore room filling body as a partition column through a drilling and blasting method, a cutting raise or a mountain climbing is used as a center at the other end of the cutting cross drift, a cutting groove is formed by expanding along the upper plate inclined boundary of the ore body of the ore top pillar, upward vertical parallel blast holes are drilled by adopting a medium-length hole drilling trolley, row-by-row, subsection and in-hole differential blasting is adopted, the upper layer is layered from top to bottom, the upper layer is layered in advance and the lower layer is layered in advance, and the medium-length hole blasting of a plurality of rows of blast holes; after blasting, ventilating and discharging, in the full-bottom-drawing space of the middle-section horizontal mine roof pillar, ore is removed by adopting a scraper, and the mining of the mine roof pillar is finished, specifically, the row number of blast holes is 4-5 rows, and when a mining room and the mine roof pillar are mined, a mine-removing gallery and a mine-removing access do not need to be tunneled in adjacent mine pillars and mine roof pillar fillers, so that the safety is improved.
It is worth explaining that the isolation retaining wall is built at the connecting part of the transportation cross drift and the connecting road and the stope, an artificial bottom pillar is built at the bottom of the stope, waste rocks and dry tailings are adopted to carry out non-cemented filling on the artificial bottom pillar, the height of the artificial bottom pillar is 15-20m, and the ratio of ash to sand is 1: 5-1: and 6, the artificial bottom column is a reinforced concrete bottom column or a non-reinforced concrete bottom column, a reinforcing mesh or steel rail with the height of 1.3 or 1.4m is installed on the reinforced concrete bottom column, the reinforcing mesh or steel rail is fixedly connected with surrounding rock through an anchor rod or a drilling hole, a water seepage pipe network is pre-embedded, a filling system for a mine room and a goaf of the ore column is established and connected with the ground of a mine and an underground filling system, a drainage pipe network is laid in the filled goaf, and drainage holes are reserved for draining and reducing pressure during filling.
According to the mining method suitable for the deep metal mine, the original deep and thick ore body is divided into a plurality of ore layers and ore regions, the exposed area of the top plate of the ore field is reduced by reasonably planning the ore regions, the operation time of personnel and equipment in a mining empty field is reduced, the safety of constructors and equipment in the stoping process is improved, when an ore room and an ore top pillar are stoped, an ore removal drift and an ore removal route do not need to be tunneled in adjacent ore pillars and ore top pillar fillers, and the safety is improved; meanwhile, ore is directly and independently removed in the ore room and the ore pillar bottom drawing space, the ore removing space is large, the mutual interference is less, the ore removing efficiency is high, the ore removing has no dead angle, the ore removing is clean, and no secondary ore loss exists; the artificial bottom column is constructed without reserving an ore bottom plate, so that the ore loss at one time is avoided, and the resource recovery rate is high.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A mining method suitable for deep metal mines is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: mining deposit exploitation to form an exploitation system;
s2: setting the trend of the ore vein of the mining area as a length direction A, setting the horizontal thickness direction of the mining area as a width direction B, and setting the vertical thickness direction of the mining area as a height direction C;
s3: selecting an extent in a mining area, dividing the extent into a plurality of sections along the height direction C, and dividing each section into a plurality of blocks along the length direction A; dividing each ore block into N ore layers on average along the height direction C;
s3: dividing the chamber according to the development system, the plate area system and the extravein layered drift which are arranged according to the reason;
s4: reasonably arranging a cutting groove, a small cutting groove and a sub-layering mining standard roadway according to the divided chamber, and reserving a mine roof pillar;
s5: expanding the layers to two sides of the chamber along the height direction C by taking a cutting cross lane of the chamber as a center, forming a large-section bottom structure which is consistent with the height of the cutting cross lane and is pulled along the full section of the bottom of the chamber by adopting a blasting method, and expanding the large-section bottom structure along the hanging wall inclination boundary of the chamber to form a cutting groove at the other end of the cutting cross lane by taking a cutting raise or a mountain as a center;
s6: in the bottom-drawing space at the lower part of each layered chamber, drilling upward vertical parallel blast holes by adopting a medium-length hole drilling trolley, adopting row-by-row, subsection and in-hole micro-difference blasting, from upper layering to lower layering, wherein the upper layering is ahead of the lower layering, and the medium-length hole blasting of 2-3 rows of blast holes is carried out at one time;
s7: after blasting, ventilating and discharging pollution, in the full-pull-bottom space of the middle-section horizontal chamber, a scraper is adopted to remove ores, and the ores are unloaded to an ore pass shaft of a stope, so that stope stoping is completed;
s8: and (5) after the top pillar is mined, completing mining.
2. A mining method suitable for deep metal mines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the mine roof column is 3-5 m, and the trend of the mine roof column is controlled according to a mine room.
3. A mining method suitable for deep metal mines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the stoping top pillar specifically comprises the following steps: after the mining of adjacent ore rooms and the cemented filling reach a certain stable strength, a large-section bottom structure which is consistent with the height of a cutting cross drift and is pulled along the full section of the bottom of the ore pillar is formed by taking an ore room filling body as a partition column and adopting a drilling and blasting method, a cutting raise or a mountain climbing is taken as a center at the other end of the cutting cross drift, a cutting groove is formed by expanding along the hanging plate inclined boundary of the ore body of the ore top pillar, upward vertical parallel blast holes are drilled by adopting a medium-length hole drilling trolley, row-by-row, subsection and in-hole differential blasting is adopted, the upper layer is layered from top to bottom, the upper layer is layered before the lower layer, and the medium-length hole blasting of a plurality of rows of blast holes is performed at one time; and after blasting, ventilating and discharging pollution, in the full-bottom-drawing space of the middle-section horizontal mine roof pillar, ore is removed by adopting a scraper, and the mining of the mine roof pillar is finished.
4. A mining method suitable for deep metal mines as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the rows of the blast holes are 4-5.
5. A mining method suitable for deep metal mines as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and constructing an isolation retaining wall at the joint of the transport cross drift and the connecting road with the stope, constructing an artificial bottom pillar at the bottom of the stope, and performing non-cemented filling on the artificial bottom pillar by adopting waste rocks and dry tailings.
6. A mining method suitable for deep metal mines as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the height of the artificial bottom pillar is 15-20m, and the sand-lime ratio is 1: 5-1: 6.
7. a mining method suitable for deep metal mines as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the artificial bottom pillar is a reinforced concrete bottom pillar or a non-reinforced concrete bottom pillar.
8. A mining method suitable for deep metal mines as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the reinforced concrete bottom pillar is firstly provided with a reinforcing mesh or a steel rail with the height of 1.3 or 1.4m, the reinforcing mesh or the steel rail is fixedly connected with surrounding rocks through anchor rods or drill holes, and a water seepage pipe mesh is pre-buried.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010451881.4A CN111677507A (en) | 2020-05-25 | 2020-05-25 | Mining method suitable for deep metal mine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010451881.4A CN111677507A (en) | 2020-05-25 | 2020-05-25 | Mining method suitable for deep metal mine |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2034148C1 (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 1995-04-30 | Атасуйский горно-обогатительный комбинат | Method for formation of slot |
| CN102562065A (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2012-07-11 | 北京科技大学 | Sublevel open-stop and delayed filling mining method |
| CN106677780A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-05-17 | 中冶北方（大连）工程技术有限公司 | Upward and downward staged rock drilling, sublevel bottom cutting and ore removal subsequent backfilling mining method |
| CN109236295A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-01-18 | 中南大学 | A kind of three step stoping methods suitable for Deep Thick large ore deposit |
-
2020
- 2020-05-25 CN CN202010451881.4A patent/CN111677507A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2034148C1 (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 1995-04-30 | Атасуйский горно-обогатительный комбинат | Method for formation of slot |
| CN102562065A (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2012-07-11 | 北京科技大学 | Sublevel open-stop and delayed filling mining method |
| CN106677780A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-05-17 | 中冶北方（大连）工程技术有限公司 | Upward and downward staged rock drilling, sublevel bottom cutting and ore removal subsequent backfilling mining method |
| CN109236295A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-01-18 | 中南大学 | A kind of three step stoping methods suitable for Deep Thick large ore deposit |
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