CN111677088A - Slope debris flow prevention and control engineering structure and prevention and control method - Google Patents
Slope debris flow prevention and control engineering structure and prevention and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111677088A CN111677088A CN202010493849.2A CN202010493849A CN111677088A CN 111677088 A CN111677088 A CN 111677088A CN 202010493849 A CN202010493849 A CN 202010493849A CN 111677088 A CN111677088 A CN 111677088A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/02—Arrangement of sewer pipe-lines or pipe-line systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/04—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
- E03F5/06—Gully gratings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
- E03F5/102—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins using already existing parts of the sewer system for runoff-regulation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
- E03F5/103—Naturals or landscape retention bodies, e.g. ponds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention provides a slope debris flow prevention and treatment engineering structure and a prevention and treatment method, which relate to the technical field of debris flow prevention and treatment and solve the problem of source debris flow prevention and treatment.A prevention and treatment method of the invention is characterized in that the engineering structure is arranged on a slope surface at the upstream of an area where debris flow easily occurs, a main diversion zone is longitudinally arranged, a first diversion zone is obliquely arranged, a water gathering ring well is arranged at the downstream of the main diversion zone, a water storage bin is arranged in the water gathering ring well, the main diversion zone and the first diversion zone are used for intercepting surface water flow or runoff and guiding the intercepted water flow along the guiding direction of the water gathering ring well, the downstream end of the main diversion zone is connected with the upstream end of the water gathering ring well and communicated with the water storage bin, and the downstream end of the first diversion zone is connected with the midstream section; the water drainage pipe is connected with the downstream end of the water gathering ring well and communicated with the water storage bin. The invention adopts the modes of intercepting runoff and dredging the source, reduces the water infiltration amount in the area where the mud and the stone are easy to generate to a certain extent, and achieves the aim of preventing the mud and the stone from sliding down to cause the mud and the stone disaster.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of debris flow prevention, in particular to a slope debris flow prevention engineering structure and a slope debris flow prevention method.
Background
In order to prevent, control and reduce the loss of debris flow disasters, at present, in the aspect of prevention measures, some retaining projects are mostly built on downstream channels of regions easy to occur. Because the energy and power of debris flow are large when the debris flow occurs, general pre-blocking prevention projects are difficult to resist, concrete is mostly used for building dikes, and areas which are easy to occur are more, so the investment amount is large, and the investment cost is high. Even with such investment, the area which is easy to cause debris flow disaster can not be radically treated fundamentally or at the source.
The cause of the debris flow is firstly influenced by the complex landform of the mountain, mostly appears on the slope at the high position of the mountain and then is influenced by the slope on the ground, and the soil layer on the surface layer easily slides downwards under the action of the gravity of the earth. Most of slope surfaces prone to debris flow are open chair-shaped, the open chair-shaped slope surfaces are slope surfaces with a certain gentle slope concave shape, and because most of the lower layer surfaces of soil layers are rock surfaces, the soil layers and the debris are deposited thickly on the corresponding open chair surfaces due to wind accumulation, upstream rock falling and the like for many years. The slope surface of the open chair back is steeper than the gentle slope surface, when rainfall occurs, runoff generated by rainwater on the slope surface of the back easily concentrates to flow to the gentle slope of the open chair surface, and the region of the gentle slope, relative to the thickness of soil layer, forms a state that the water content of the soil layer is super-saturated under the influence of strong rainfall; in addition, the rock surface under the soil layer is impermeable, an interlayer can be formed between the rock surface and the soil layer, a lubricating layer which flows downwards can be formed when the interlayer has a large amount of water, the soil layer with super-saturated water can slide downwards along the slope to the bottom of the trench, huge energy is generated when the soil layer with super-saturated water meets a steep slope in the sliding process, the soil layer and impurities along the way are wrapped and flushed to the gentle position of the downstream of the bottom of the trench, and the main factor of serious downstream disasters is caused.
The condition of debris flow is that firstly, the area where debris flow occurs is on a hillside of a high mountain, soil layers and sundries on the slope surface easily move downwards along the slope surface, and the slope surface is easy to move downwards under the action of the gravity of the earth. Secondly, the self weight of the object, such as soil layer, sundries and water, has certain gravity energy. And water is the main condition for generating the debris flow, particularly strong precipitation, large precipitation is a key factor, and the water infiltration amount of a soil layer is reduced, so that the method is the optimal scheme or method for preventing the debris flow.
Reducing the infiltration water amount of the slope soil layer is an available condition for preventing and controlling debris flow. And secondly, relevant theories and natural conditions are fully utilized, and the water infiltration amount of the region where the debris flow is easy to occur can be reduced. The theory of relevance among them: when the rainfall intensity is greater than the infiltration capacity of the soil, super-infiltration rain is generated. The super-seeping rain begins to form surface water, and then flows to the lower part along the slope surface. The natural conditions are as follows: as the region where debris flow occurs is generally a slope at a high position of a mountain, when strong rainfall occurs on the slope, the slope can generate runoff, and the runoff water flows downwards along the slope.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing and controlling the debris flow on the slope and design a structure for preventing and controlling the debris flow on the slope, and the method adopts the modes of intercepting runoff and dredging sources to reduce the infiltration water amount in the debris flow area which is easy to generate to a certain extent, so as to achieve the aim of preventing the debris flow disaster caused by the slip-down of the soil layer.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a slope debris flow prevention engineering structure which comprises a main diversion belt, a first diversion belt, a water gathering ring well and a drainage pipe, wherein the main diversion belt is arranged on the water gathering ring well;
the main flow guiding belt is longitudinally arranged and used for capturing surface water flow and guiding the captured water flow along the guiding direction of the surface water flow;
the water gathering ring well is of a closed structure with a water storage bin inside, the water gathering ring well is arranged at the downstream of the main flow guiding belt, and the downstream end of the main flow guiding belt is connected with the upstream end of the water gathering ring well and communicated with the water storage bin;
the first diversion belt is arranged in an inclined manner and is used for intercepting runoff and guiding the intercepted runoff along the guiding direction of the runoff; the downstream end of the first branch flow guide belt is connected with the midstream section of the main flow guide belt and can realize confluence at the connection part;
the water drainage pipe is connected to the downstream end of the water gathering ring well and communicated with the water storage bin.
When the structure is adopted, the main diversion area, the first diversion area, the water collecting ring well and the drainage pipe are matched to form at least one group of slope debris flow control engineering structure, and a tree-shaped structure is formed. The first diversion area can intercept and capture the generated runoff and then guide the runoff to the main diversion area, the main diversion area guides the water flow intercepted and captured by the first diversion area to the water gathering ring well for temporary centralized storage and simultaneously discharges the water flow to a place outside the area prone to debris flow through the drain pipe, and the water seepage amount of the area prone to debris flow can be reduced to a certain extent through the integral source connection dredging process of interception, diversion and discharge, so that the area is not prone to soil layer gliding to cause debris flow disasters. This kind of domatic mud-rock flow prevention and cure engineering structure is built in the source position that mud-rock flow takes place, adopts interception runoff, the mode of source mediation, reduces the infiltration water yield that easily sends out the mud-rock flow district to a certain extent, through simple structure alright reach certain prevention and cure purpose, reach the purpose that is difficult for taking place the soil layer gliding and cause the mud-rock flow calamity. Compared with the engineering facilities for treating the debris flow after the debris flow occurs, the construction method has smaller engineering quantity and lower investment amount.
In order to further better implement the invention, the following arrangement structure is particularly adopted: the extending end of the drain pipe is flush with the inner wall of the water collecting ring well.
When the structure is adopted, the extending end of the drain pipe is flush with the inner wall of the water collecting ring well, so that the water inlet of the drain pipe is conveniently drained to the bottom of a ditch or the rock surface of a half slope along the pipe.
In order to further better implement the invention, the following arrangement structure is particularly adopted: the main guide flow belt comprises a first waterproof sun-proof cloth and a first geotextile belt; the first waterproof and sun-proof cloth is wound and wrapped on the first geotextile band and a water outlet is formed at the lower end of the main water guide band, and a plurality of first rainwater holes for intercepting rainwater are formed in the upper surface of the first waterproof and sun-proof cloth.
When the structure is arranged, the first geotextile tape has better water absorption as the flow guide body, and the first waterproof sun-proof cloth has certain waterproof and sun-proof performances and is used for preventing water flow intercepted by the main flow guide body from escaping and permeating into a soil layer as the package for isolating the flow guide body.
In order to further better implement the invention, the following arrangement structure is particularly adopted: the first geotextile band is provided with at least two layers of geotextiles, and all geotextiles are stacked up and down and connected.
When the arrangement structure is adopted, the geotextiles arranged in a multilayer stacking mode have larger water absorption capacity under the condition of smaller laying space requirement.
In order to further better implement the invention, the following arrangement structure is particularly adopted: the first diversion belt comprises a second waterproof sunscreen cloth, a second geotextile belt and a percolation belt; the second waterproof sunscreen cloth is wound and wrapped on the second geotextile belt, a runoff seepage port continuously extending along the extending direction of the first diversion belt is formed in the upstream surface of the second waterproof sunscreen cloth, and the seepage belt is arranged on the inner side of the second waterproof sunscreen cloth and positioned at the runoff seepage port;
and at the joint of the first diversion belt and the main diversion belt, the second waterproof sunscreen cloth is connected with the first waterproof sunscreen cloth, and the second geotextile band is connected with the first geotextile band.
When the structure is arranged, the upstream face is used for facing the upstream position of the downstream surface to meet the runoff descending along the slope, and the runoff can be intercepted by the second geotextile strap after being filtered by the percolation belt from the runoff seepage port. The filtration area that sets up can filter the debris that the runoff carried, avoids blockking up first water conservancy diversion area.
In order to further better implement the invention, the following arrangement structure is particularly adopted: the second geotextile band is provided with at least two layers of geotextiles, and all geotextiles are stacked up and down and connected.
When the arrangement structure is adopted, the geotextiles arranged in a multilayer stacking mode have larger water absorption capacity under the condition of smaller laying space requirement.
In order to further better implement the invention, the following arrangement structure is particularly adopted: the geotextile at the downstream ends of the main diversion belt and the first diversion belt extends out of the corresponding waterproof and sunscreen cloth and is arranged into a whisker-shaped structure.
When the structure is arranged, the extending part of the geotextile with the fibrous structure can form an extending flow guide structure at the end part, so that a dripping or flowing effect can be formed, a larger water outlet space can be expanded at the end parts of the main flow guide belt and the first branch flow guide belt, and the downward flowing speed and flow of water flow are increased.
In order to further better implement the invention, the following arrangement structure is particularly adopted: the slope debris flow prevention engineering structure further comprises at least one second branch flow guide belt obliquely arranged, the second branch flow guide belt is arranged on the lower portion of the first branch flow guide belt, the structure of the second branch flow guide belt is the same as that of the first branch flow guide belt, and the lower portion end of the second branch flow guide belt is connected with the water collecting ring well and communicated with the water storage bin.
When the structure is adopted, the second diversion belt can ensure that the intercepted water flow has certain diversion inclination, so that the diversion is convenient.
In order to further better implement the invention, the following arrangement structure is particularly adopted: the water gathering ring well comprises an outer ring wall, an inner ring wall and a bottom pad, wherein the outer ring wall is connected with the inner ring wall to form an annular water storage bin, the inner side of the inner ring wall is connected with the bottom pad to form an inner ring with an opening at the top, and backfill soil planted with vegetation is filled in the inner ring.
When the structure is arranged, soil can be backfilled on the inner side of the water gathering ring well, vegetation can be planted, the water gathering ring well can be stabilized, and the vegetation rate can be improved.
In order to further better implement the invention, the following arrangement structure is particularly adopted: and a plurality of second rainwater holes are formed in the surface of the water collecting ring well.
When the structure is arranged, the second rainwater hole enables the water-gathering ring well to have the capacity of intercepting and capturing the precipitation dropping to the surface of the water-gathering ring well, and the capacity of intercepting and capturing water flow can be further improved.
The invention also provides a method for preventing and treating the slope debris flow, which comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the slope surface at the upstream of the region where the debris flow is easy to occur by site survey and surveying;
s2: excavating a main guide flow belt groove longitudinally extending along the slope surface at the slope surface, excavating a first branch guide flow belt groove obliquely extending along the slope surface at the slope surface, and excavating a water-collecting ring well groove positioned at the downstream end of the main guide flow belt groove; then, a main diversion belt is laid in the main diversion belt groove, a first diversion belt is laid in the first diversion belt groove, a water gathering ring well inserted with a drainage pipe is arranged in the water gathering ring well groove, and then the corresponding main diversion belt, the first diversion belt and the water gathering ring well are connected to form at least one group of slope debris flow control engineering structure; wherein, the drain pipe extends to the rock face department at the trench bottom or half hillside.
Further, the invention is better realized by the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s3: and digging a second diversion trench on the slope surface, wherein the second diversion trench extends obliquely along the slope surface and is connected with the water gathering ring well trench, then laying a second diversion belt in the second diversion trench, and connecting the second diversion belt with the water gathering ring well to build at least one group of slope debris flow prevention engineering structure.
Further, the invention is better realized by the following steps: the main diversion belt, the first diversion belt and the second diversion belt are respectively provided with fixing belts which are arranged at intervals along the extension directions of the main diversion belt, the first diversion belt and the second diversion belt and press the surfaces of the first diversion belt and the second diversion belt, and each fixing belt comprises reinforcing steel bars which are arranged on two sides of the corresponding diversion belt and are nailed into the ground and cloth belts or tire strips which stretch over the corresponding diversion belt and are connected with the tail parts of the corresponding reinforcing steel bars.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
in the invention, the main diversion zone, the first diversion zone, the water-gathering ring well and the drainage pipe are matched to form at least one group of slope debris flow control engineering structure to form a tree-shaped structure. The first diversion area can intercept and capture the generated runoff and then guide the runoff to the main diversion area, the main diversion area guides the water flow intercepted and captured by the first diversion area to the water gathering ring well for temporary centralized storage and simultaneously discharges the water flow to a place outside the area prone to debris flow through the drain pipe, and the water seepage amount of the area prone to debris flow can be reduced to a certain extent through the integral source connection dredging process of interception, diversion and discharge, so that the area is not prone to soil layer gliding to cause debris flow disasters. This kind of domatic mud-rock flow prevention and cure engineering structure is built in the source position that mud-rock flow takes place, adopts interception runoff, the mode of source mediation, reduces the infiltration water yield that easily sends out the mud-rock flow district to a certain extent, through simple structure alright reach certain prevention and cure purpose, reach the purpose that is difficult for taking place the soil layer gliding and cause the mud-rock flow calamity. Compared with the engineering facilities for treating the debris flow after the debris flow occurs, the construction method has smaller engineering quantity and lower investment amount.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a slope debris flow prevention and treatment engineering structure built on a slope surface;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main flow band of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view at the first diversion strip of fig. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection window structure of the downstream end of the diversion strip and the water trap well
Labeled as:
1. a main flow guiding zone; 11. a first waterproof sunscreen cloth; 12. a first geotextile tape; 13. a first rainwater hole;
2. a first diversion belt; 21. a second waterproof sunscreen cloth; 22. a second geotextile tape; 23. a percolation belt;
3. a water gathering ring well; 31. a water storage bin; 32. a second rainwater hole; 33. an operation port;
4. a drain pipe;
5. a second branch flow guide belt;
6. fixing belts;
7. a main diversion belt groove;
8. a first diversion trench;
9. and connecting the window.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the domatic mud-rock flow prevention and cure engineering structure in this embodiment adopts the mode of interception runoff, source mediation, reduces the infiltration water yield in the mud-rock flow district that easily sends out to a certain extent, reaches the purpose that difficult emergence soil horizon gliding caused the mud-rock flow calamity, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4:
basically, a set of slope debris flow prevention and treatment engineering structures comprises a main diversion area 1, at least one first diversion area 2, a water gathering ring well 3 and a drainage pipe 4.
The main diversion area 1 is longitudinally arranged in the slope debris flow prevention engineering structure, the first diversion areas 2 are obliquely arranged, the first diversion areas 2 can be arranged in a plurality of ways according to actual conditions, and the first diversion areas 2 can be arranged on the left side or the right side of the main diversion area 1. The main guide belt 1 is used for intercepting surface water flow and guiding the intercepted water flow along the guiding direction of the surface water flow, the first branch guide belt 2 is used for intercepting runoff and guiding the intercepted runoff along the guiding direction of the first branch guide belt, the downstream end of the first branch guide belt 2 is connected with the midstream section of the main guide belt 1 to form a tree-shaped structure, and confluence is realized at the connecting part of the first branch guide belt 2 and the main guide belt 1. The water gathering ring well 3 is of a closed structure, a water storage bin 31 is arranged in the water gathering ring well 3, the water gathering ring well 3 is arranged at the downstream position of the main flow guide belt 1, and the downstream end of the main flow guide belt 1 is connected with the upstream end of the water gathering ring well 3 in a sealing mode and is communicated with the water storage bin 31. The water discharge pipe 4 is hermetically connected with the downstream end of the water collecting ring well 3 and communicated with the water storage bin 31.
Specifically, main water conservancy diversion area 1 includes first waterproof sun-proof cloth 11 and sets up first geotechnological strap 12 in first waterproof sun-proof cloth 11, and first waterproof sun-proof cloth 11 twines first geotechnological strap 12 parcel in along the extending direction of first geotechnological strap 12, and the downstream end of main water conservancy diversion area 1 is not including forming a drain port, and the upper surface of first waterproof sun-proof cloth 11 is provided with a plurality of first rainwater holes 13 and is used for making main water conservancy diversion area 1 can intercept the rainwater. The aperture of the first rainwater holes 13 is set to be about 0.5cm, and the hole distance between adjacent first rainwater holes 13 is preferably 1-2 cm.
The first diversion strip 2 comprises a second waterproof sunscreen cloth 21, a second geotextile strip 22 and a percolation strip 23. The first geotextile tapes 12 and the second geotextile tapes 22 have good water absorption as the flow conductors, and the first waterproof sunscreen cloth 11 and the second waterproof sunscreen cloth 21 have certain waterproof and sunscreen properties and are used as packages for isolating the flow conductors to prevent water flow intercepted by the main flow guide tape 1 from escaping and permeating into a soil layer. The second geotextile strips 22 and the infiltration strips 23 are equal in length and are arranged side by side, the second waterproof sunscreen cloth 21 is wound along the extending direction of the second geotextile strips 22 to wrap the second geotextile strips 22 and the infiltration strips 23 in the second geotextile strips 22, the upstream surface of the second waterproof sunscreen cloth 21 is provided with a runoff infiltration port continuously extending along the extending direction of the first diversion strip 2, the runoff infiltration port is approximately positioned at the junction of one side surface and the top surface of the second waterproof sunscreen cloth 21, the infiltration strip 23 is positioned at the inner side of the second waterproof sunscreen cloth 21, the infiltration strip 23 can be a sponge or a sand bag, the part of the infiltration strip 23 is exposed at the infiltration port to prevent soil blockage at the junction of the first diversion strip 2 and the soil, the sponge or the sand bag can be replaced after long time under the general condition, and the water flow entering from the runoff infiltration port can be filtered by the infiltration strip 23 and then flows to the second geotextile strips 22. At the junction of the first diversion belt 2 and the main diversion belt 1, the second waterproof sunscreen cloth 21 is sewn and hermetically connected with the first waterproof sunscreen cloth 11, and the downstream end of the second geotextile belt 22 is sewn and connected with the side part of the first geotextile belt 12. The contact surfaces of the upper surface and the lower surface of the waterproof sun-proof cloth of the main diversion belt 1 and the first diversion belt 2 and the geotextile belt are coated with a small amount of glue, so that the cloth surface of the geotextile and the waterproof sun-proof cloth are adhered together.
The main diversion belt 1, the first diversion belt 2, the water-gathering ring well 3 and the drainage pipe 4 are matched to form at least one group of slope debris flow control engineering structure to form a tree-shaped structure. The first diversion area 2 can intercept runoff produced and then guide to the main diversion area 1, the main diversion area 1 guides water flow intercepted by the main diversion area 1 and water flow from the first diversion area 2 to the water trap well 3 for temporary centralized storage and simultaneously discharges the water to a place outside an area prone to debris flow through the drain pipe 4, and the water seepage amount of the area prone to debris flow can be reduced to a certain extent through the integral source connection dredging process of interception, diversion and discharge, so that the area is not prone to soil layer gliding to cause debris flow disasters. This kind of domatic mud-rock flow prevention and cure engineering structure is built in the source position that mud-rock flow takes place, adopts interception runoff, the mode of source mediation, reduces the infiltration water yield that easily sends out the mud-rock flow district to a certain extent, through simple structure alright reach certain prevention and cure purpose, reach the purpose that is difficult for taking place the soil layer gliding and cause the mud-rock flow calamity. Compared with the engineering facilities for treating the debris flow after the debris flow occurs, the construction method has smaller engineering quantity and lower investment amount. The upstream face is used for meeting the runoff that flows down along the slope in the upstream position of following the slope, and the runoff can be intercepted by second geotechnological strap 22 after crossing filtration area 23 from the runoff infiltration mouth and filtering. The filtration area 23 that sets up can filter the debris that the runoff carried, avoids blockking up first diversion area 2.
Preferably, the extending end of the water discharge pipe 4 is flush with the inner wall of the trap well 3, i.e. flush with the wall of the water storage tank 31, so that the water discharge pipe 4 can be conveniently filled with water and can discharge the water to the bottom of the ditch or the rock surface of the hill along the pipe.
Preferably, first geotechnological strap 12 and second geotechnological strap 22 are composite bed structure, and range upon range of and sew up the connection from top to bottom by at least two-layer geotechnological cloth and form, and the seam of the upper and lower floor of multilayer geotechnological cloth is suitable too tightly relatively speaking, and the upper and lower floor geotechnological cloth can contact for being suitable, loose some water guide of being convenient for. The geotextile with multiple layers arranged in a stacked mode has larger water absorption capacity under the condition of smaller paving space requirement.
Preferably, the first geotextile band 12 at the downstream end of the main diversion band 1 extends out of the first waterproof and sun-proof cloth 11, the extending part of the first geotextile band 12 forms a whisker-shaped structure, the second geotextile band 22 at the downstream end of the first diversion band 2 extends out of the second waterproof and sun-proof cloth 21, the extending part of the second geotextile band 22 forms a whisker-shaped structure, and the extending part is generally between 10 and 20 cm. The geotextile with the protruding part of the whisker-shaped structure can form an extending flow guide structure at the end part, can form the effect of dripping or flowing water, can expand a larger water outlet space at the end parts of the main flow guide belt 1 and the first branch flow guide belt 2, and increases the speed and the flow rate of the downward flowing water.
The main body of the water gathering ring well 3 is preferably waste tires of small and medium-sized trucks, the tire surfaces have no large scars and are watertight, the water gathering ring well comprises an outer ring wall, an inner ring wall and a bottom pad, the outer ring wall is connected with the inner ring wall to form an annular water storage bin 31, the inner side of the inner ring wall is connected with the bottom pad in a sealing mode through glue to form an inner ring with an opening at the top, backfill soil is filled in the inner ring, and vegetation can be planted in the backfill soil to stabilize the water gathering ring well 3 and improve the vegetation rate. In order to enable the water trap well 3 to have the capacity of intercepting and capturing water, a plurality of second rainwater holes 32 are formed in the surface of the water trap well 3, the aperture of each second rainwater hole 32 is preferably 0.5-1cm, the distance between every two adjacent second rainwater holes 32 is preferably 2-3cm, the second rainwater holes 32 enable the water trap well 3 to have the capacity of intercepting and capturing precipitation dropping to the surface of the water trap well, and the capacity of intercepting and capturing water flow can be further improved. An approximately rectangular operation opening 33 is formed at a position on the upper surface of the outer ring wall of the trap well 3.
Example 2:
the embodiment is further optimized on the basis of the above embodiment, and in order to further better implement the invention, the following arrangement structure is particularly adopted:
the slope debris flow prevention engineering structure further comprises at least one second branch flow guide belt 5 obliquely arranged, the second branch flow guide belt 5 is arranged at the downstream of the first branch flow guide belt 2, the structure of the second branch flow guide belt 5 is the same as that of the first branch flow guide belt 2 in the embodiment 1, the downstream end of the second branch flow guide belt 5 is connected with the water collecting ring well 3 and communicated with the water storage bin 31, and the second branch flow guide belt 5 is located at the downstream of the first branch flow guide belt 2, so that the second branch flow guide belt 5 is closer to the water collecting ring well 3, and in order to ensure smooth flow guiding of captured water flow, the second branch flow guide belt 5 is required to be directly connected with the water collecting ring well 3 to directly supply water for the water storage bin 31 so that the second branch flow guide belt 5 has a certain flow guiding inclination, and dredging is facilitated, and the inclination of the second branch flow guide belt 5 going to the downstream is larger.
In order to prevent and treat the debris flow, the slope surface debris flow prevention engineering structure of the slope surface needs to be applied to the debris flow prone area by utilizing the slope surface of the mountain under the guidance of the slope surface debris flow prevention method.
Then, in the first step, site survey and survey are carried out to determine the slope surface at the upstream of the region where the debris flow is easy to occur, and a construction position is selected and the early preparation work is done.
And excavating at the slope surface by adopting manual measures to form at least one group of slope surface debris flow control engineering structures, wherein each group of slope surface debris flow control engineering structures comprises a main diversion trench 7 which is excavated at the slope surface and longitudinally extends along the slope surface, a plurality of first branch diversion trenches 8 which are excavated at the slope surface and obliquely extend along the slope surface, a water-collecting ring well slot positioned at the downstream end of the main diversion trench 7 and a plurality of second branch diversion trenches which are excavated at the slope surface, obliquely extend along the slope surface and are connected with the water-collecting ring well slot. The main guide flow belt groove 7 is a flat-bottom groove, the width of the groove is 21cm, the depth of the groove is 4.5cm, and the size of the groove is slightly larger than the width 20cm and the height 4cm of the main guide flow belt 1; the groove width of the 8-position flat-bottom groove of the first diversion groove is 12.5cm, the groove depth is 4.5cm, the size of the groove is slightly larger than the width 12cm and the height 4cm of the first diversion belt 2, and the slope of the groove bottom of the first diversion groove 8 is consistent with the slope; the groove bottom groove of the second branch diversion belt groove is slightly larger than the second branch diversion belt 5 in size, and the slope of the groove bottom of the second branch diversion belt groove is consistent with the slope; the water trap well groove is a flat-bottom round groove with the size slightly larger than that of the water trap well 3, and the bottom of the round groove is consistent with the slope. In the construction process, all the first diversion trench 8 can be distributed on the left side and the right side of the main diversion trench 7 according to actual conditions, and all the first diversion trench 8 are communicated with the main diversion trench 7. The trends of the main diversion trench 7, the first diversion trench 8 and the second diversion trench in the actual excavation process are adjusted according to natural landform conditions and plant growth conditions, for example, when trees are encountered, the trees can be properly avoided in a gentle arc trend under the condition of not influencing flow interception or diversion. In the area where large area of easily-occurring debris flow occurs, a plurality of groups of slope debris flow prevention and treatment engineering structures can be properly added for arrangement, and the number or the length of the first branch diversion trench 8 and the second branch diversion trench can be increased and prolonged in one group of slope debris flow prevention and treatment engineering structures, so that the water interception area is enlarged.
And thirdly, flatly placing the water gathering ring well 3 in a water gathering ring well groove, enabling the top surface of the water gathering ring well 3 to be approximately level with the slope, laying the main guide belt 1, the first branch guide belt 2 and the second branch guide belt 5 in the corresponding main guide belt groove 7, the first branch guide belt groove 8 and the second branch guide belt groove, and enabling the top surfaces of the main guide belt 1, the first branch guide belt 2 and the second branch guide belt 5 to be approximately level with the slope. The width of the infiltration belt 23 of the first branch diversion belt 2 and the second branch diversion belt 5 is 5cm, the height is 4cm, the waterproof sunscreen cloth of the first branch diversion belt 2 and the second branch diversion belt 5, which is positioned at one side of the infiltration belt 23, is directly contacted with the upstream groove wall of the corresponding branch diversion belt groove, and the infiltration belt 23 is exposed at a runoff water seepage hole. After the first branch diversion area 2 and the second branch diversion area 5 are laid, soil layers at the groove openings of the first branch diversion groove and the second branch diversion groove are tamped to enable the surfaces of the soil layers to be as level as possible with the top surfaces of the corresponding branch diversion areas, so that upstream runoff flows to the inner percolation area through the runoff percolation openings of the first branch diversion area 2 and the second branch diversion area 5, and the width of the tamped area is 20 cm.
And overlapping and sewing the first geotextile band 12 of the main diversion band 1 and the second geotextile band 22 of the first diversion band 2, and sewing the first waterproof sunscreen cloth 11 and the second waterproof sunscreen cloth 21 of the first diversion band 2, and coating glue for bonding and sealing. A rectangular connecting window 9 with the size slightly larger than the cross section size of the main guide flow belt 1 and the second guide flow belt 5 and an operation opening 33 convenient for gluing operation are arranged on the surface of the water collecting ring well 3, and the operation opening 33 is provided with an uncut flip cover to realize opening and closing. The downstream ends of the main flow guide belt 1 and the second branch flow guide belt 5 extend into the water storage bin 31 from the corresponding connecting windows 9, glue is coated between the outer surfaces of the main flow guide belt 1 and the second branch flow guide belt 5 and the corresponding connecting windows 9 for sealing, then a drain pipe 4 with the diameter of 25.4mm or 50.8mm is inserted into an opening of the outer ring wall of the downstream end of the water trap well 3, the drain pipe 4 is made of a durable rubber pipe, the extending end of the drain pipe 4 is adjusted to be flush with the inner wall of the water storage bin 31 of the water trap well 3, then glue is coated between the periphery of the drain pipe 4 and the outer wall of the water trap well 3 for sealing and fixing, and the drain pipe 4 extends to the bottom of a ditch or the rock surface of a half slope. And then the water storage tank 31 is extended from the operation opening 33 to glue and seal the matching parts among the drain pipe 4, the main diversion belt 1, the second diversion belt 5 and the water trap well 3. And then, arranging a second rainwater hole 32 on the surface of the water-collecting ring well 3, backfilling the dug soil into the circular inner ring, properly treading, and planting vegetation at the backfilled soil to build a slope debris flow control engineering structure. The excavated excess soil can then be bagged and placed in the depression, after which the bag is perforated for planting grass.
In the construction process, after the drain pipe 4 is laid downstream, the drain pipe 4 can be arranged by digging grooves when meeting the soil layer barrier, so that the drain pipe 4 is preferably buried underground and does not expose pipes. The length of the drain pipe 4 is determined according to the slope length, so that the water flow discharged from the water outlet of the drain pipe 4 is not easy to flush the slope. And for the steep slope, a safety protection facility is required to be arranged, so that the safety implementation is realized. After the construction is finished, the main diversion belt 1, the first branch diversion belt 2 and the second branch diversion belt 5 are preferably covered by weeds or small branches.
And fourthly, arranging fixing belts 6 which are arranged at intervals along the extension directions of the main guide belt 1, the first guide belt 2 and the second guide belt 5 and press the surfaces of the first guide belt and the second guide belt, wherein the arrangement intervals of the fixing belts 6 are preferably 3-5m, and the fixing belts 6 comprise waste thin steel bars which are arranged at two sides of the corresponding guide belts and are nailed into the ground and cloth belts or tire strips which stretch over the corresponding guide belts and are connected with the tails of the corresponding steel bars. Wherein the used steel bar is generally 20-25cm long. The fixing belt 6 should not be pressed too tightly, so as not to affect the flow guiding.
The upper slope of the debris flow area is provided with a slope debris flow prevention engineering structure integrating a main flow guide belt, a branch flow guide belt, a water gathering ring well and a drain pipe, wherein the main flow guide belt, the branch flow guide belt, the water gathering ring well and the drain pipe are arranged in an artificial measure mode, a plurality of branch flow guide belts with double functions of cutting and guiding are arranged along the slope in an inclined mode, the flow guide functions of the main flow guide belt and the branch flow guide belts are utilized, surface runoff water on the upper portion is guided to the water gathering ring well after being intercepted, the gathered water flows to the bottom of a ditch through the drain pipe, in the whole strong rainfall process, the process that runoff generated in rainfall is intercepted and then is timely input to the bottom of the ditch is achieved, finally, the purpose that the infiltration amount of soil layer in the debris flow area of the debris flow area is reduced, the condition of. When the method is specifically implemented, the method can adopt artificial engineering measures while reinforcing surface vegetation to adopt biological measures, and on the premise of low material cost and less labor input, the infiltration water amount of strong rainfall is reduced to a certain degree, so that the probability of debris flow disasters is reduced or reduced.
The slope debris flow prevention engineering structure and the prevention method can also be applied to preventing landslide, the slope debris flow prevention engineering structure can be improved regularly during specific application so as to be suitable for the mountain with easy landslide, and the slope debris flow prevention method can also be improved regularly and properly so as to be suitable for the mountain with easy landslide to build the engineering structure during construction.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Domatic mud-rock flow prevention and cure engineering structure, its characterized in that: comprises a main diversion belt (1), a first branch diversion belt (2), a water-gathering ring well (3) and a drainage pipe (4);
the main flow guiding belt (1) is longitudinally arranged, and the main flow guiding belt (1) is used for capturing surface water flow and guiding the captured water flow along the guiding direction;
the water gathering ring well (3) is of a closed structure with a water storage bin (31) inside, and the downstream end of the main flow guiding belt (1) is connected with the upstream end of the water gathering ring well (3) and communicated with the water storage bin (31);
at least one first diversion belt (2) is arranged, the first diversion belt (2) is obliquely arranged, and the first diversion belt (2) is used for intercepting runoff and guiding the intercepted runoff along the guiding direction of the runoff; the downstream end of the first branch flow guide belt (2) is connected with the midstream section of the main flow guide belt (1) and can realize confluence at the connection part;
the drain pipe (4) is connected to the downstream end of the water gathering ring well (3), and the drain pipe (4) is communicated with the water storage bin (31).
2. The slope debris flow prevention and treatment engineering structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the main flow guide belt (1) comprises a first waterproof sunscreen cloth (11) and a first geotextile belt (12); the first waterproof and sun-proof cloth (11) is wound and wrapped on the first geotextile belt (12) and a water outlet is formed at the downstream end of the main flow guiding belt (1), and a plurality of first rainwater holes (13) for intercepting rainwater are formed in the upper surface of the first waterproof and sun-proof cloth (11).
3. The slope debris flow prevention and treatment engineering structure of claim 2, characterized in that: the first diversion strip (2) comprises a second waterproof sunscreen cloth (21), a second geotextile strip (22) and a percolation strip (23); the second waterproof sunscreen cloth (21) is wound and wrapped on the second geotextile belt (22), a runoff seepage port continuously extending along the extending direction of the first diversion belt (2) is formed in the upstream surface of the second waterproof sunscreen cloth (21), and the seepage belt (23) is arranged on the inner side of the second waterproof sunscreen cloth (21) and positioned at the runoff seepage port;
at the joint of the first diversion belt (2) and the main diversion belt (1), the second waterproof and sun-proof cloth (21) is connected with the first waterproof and sun-proof cloth (11), and the second geotextile band (22) is connected with the first geotextile band (12).
4. The slope debris flow prevention and treatment engineering structure of claim 3, characterized in that: the geotextiles at the downstream ends of the main diversion belt (1) and the first diversion belt (2) extend out of the corresponding waterproof and sunscreen cloth and are arranged into a whisker-shaped structure.
5. The slope debris flow prevention and treatment engineering structure of claim 4, characterized in that: still include the second diversion area (5) that an at least slant set up, second diversion area (5) set up in first diversion area (2) low reaches, the structure of second diversion area (5) with first diversion area (2) are the same, the low reaches end of second diversion area (5) is connected gather water ring well (3) and with reservoir (31) UNICOM.
6. The slope debris flow control engineering structure of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the water gathering ring well (3) comprises an outer ring wall, an inner ring wall and a bottom pad, the outer ring wall is connected with the inner ring wall to form an annular water storage bin (31), the inner side of the inner ring wall is connected with the bottom pad to form an inner ring with an opening at the top, and backfill soil planted with vegetation is filled in the inner ring.
7. The slope debris flow prevention and treatment engineering structure of claim 6, characterized in that: and a plurality of second rainwater holes (32) are formed in the surface of the water collecting ring well (3).
8. The method for preventing and treating the slope debris flow is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: determining the slope surface at the upstream of the region where the debris flow is easy to occur by site survey and surveying;
s2: digging a main diversion trench (7) longitudinally extending along the slope surface at the slope surface, digging a first branch diversion trench (8) obliquely extending along the slope surface at the slope surface, and a water-gathering ring well trench positioned at the downstream end of the main diversion trench (7); then, a main diversion belt (1) is laid in the main diversion belt groove (7), a first diversion belt (2) is laid in the first diversion belt groove (8), a water gathering ring well (3) inserted with a drainage pipe (4) is arranged in the water gathering ring well groove, and then the corresponding main diversion belt (1), the first diversion belt (2) and the water gathering ring well (3) are connected to form at least one group of slope debris flow control engineering structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4; wherein the drain pipe (4) extends to the bottom of the ditch or the rock surface of the half slope.
9. The slope debris flow control method according to claim 8, comprising the steps of:
s3: digging a second diversion trench on the slope, wherein the second diversion trench extends obliquely along the slope and is connected with the water gathering ring well trench, then laying a second diversion belt (5) in the second diversion trench, and connecting the second diversion belt (5) with the water gathering ring well (3) to build at least one group of slope debris flow control engineering structure as claimed in claim 5.
10. The slope debris flow control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: the main diversion belt (1), the first diversion belt (2) and the second diversion belt (5) are provided with fixing belts (6) which are arranged at intervals along the respective extending directions.
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