CN111675384A - Heavy metal sewage treatment process - Google Patents
Heavy metal sewage treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- CN111675384A CN111675384A CN202010598138.1A CN202010598138A CN111675384A CN 111675384 A CN111675384 A CN 111675384A CN 202010598138 A CN202010598138 A CN 202010598138A CN 111675384 A CN111675384 A CN 111675384A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5281—Installations for water purification using chemical agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/26—Reducing the size of particles, liquid droplets or bubbles, e.g. by crushing, grinding, spraying, creation of microbubbles or nanobubbles
Abstract
The invention provides a heavy metal sewage treatment process, which comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment: introducing heavy metal sewage into a sewage treatment tank, adjusting the pH of the sewage to 8-9, and carrying out aeration treatment; (2) treating the nano zero-valent iron: adding nano zero-valent iron into sewage, stirring, standing, and performing solid-liquid separation; (3) flocculation treatment: adding an inorganic flocculant for flocculation treatment; (4) adsorption treatment: adjusting the pH value of the sewage treated in the step (3) to 5-6, adding the modified attapulgite, stirring and adsorbing, and performing solid-liquid separation; and adding modified diatomite into the sewage, stirring and adsorbing, stopping stirring, standing and then carrying out solid-liquid separation. The heavy metal sewage treatment process has high efficiency, good effect and low cost, and does not cause secondary pollution in the sewage treatment process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a heavy metal sewage treatment process.
Background
The industries of metal ore smelting, electrolysis, electroplating and the like need to discharge a large amount of sewage containing heavy metal ions every year, and the heavy metal sewage is discharged into the environment and cannot be degraded by microorganisms and passes through soil, water and air. Because the heavy metal pollution is very extensive in the related range, the harm spread is very large.
Heavy metal sewage generally has high chroma characteristic, and this makes heavy metal sewage have directly perceived visible characteristics. Therefore, the clarity of the water body is the first effect of discharging the heavy metal sewage into the water body, and when the amount of heavy metals in the water body exceeds the bearing capacity of plants, the metabolism and growth development of the plants, such as photosynthesis and metabolism of genetic substances, are affected by the heavy metal ions. Heavy metals in the water body can directly have great influence on the immunity, respiration, physiological action and genotoxicity of the fish and shellfish, and seriously harm the survival of aquatic animals.
Heavy metal species are chemically stable and cannot be decomposed and are usually removed from water only by shifting their location or by changing their form. In the prior heavy metal sewage treatment technology at home and abroad, the treatment method is classified into the following two main types according to the main reactions in the removal process: one is to convert heavy metals from a state with high solubility to a state with low solubility and then separate the heavy metals from the sewage by a precipitation or floating method. One is to separate and remove heavy metals from sewage by enrichment without changing the chemical form of the heavy metals. At present, the treatment method for heavy metal sewage mainly comprises a chemical precipitation method, an electrolysis method, a foam floating method, an ion exchange method, an adsorption method and the like.
At present, when heavy metal sewage is treated, certain defects in process still exist, such as low efficiency, low effect, high treatment cost, possibility of generating secondary pollution and the like. Therefore, the development of a treatment process which has high efficiency, good effect, energy saving and environmental protection is necessary for the treatment of heavy metal sewage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heavy metal sewage treatment process which has high efficiency, good effect, low cost and no secondary pollution in the sewage treatment process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a heavy metal sewage treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: introducing heavy metal sewage into a sewage treatment tank, adjusting the pH of the sewage to 8-9, and then carrying out aeration treatment on the sewage;
(2) treating the nano zero-valent iron: adding nano zero-valent iron into the sewage treated in the step (1), stirring, standing and then carrying out solid-liquid separation;
(3) flocculation treatment: adding an inorganic flocculant into the sewage treated in the step (2) for flocculation treatment, and then separating precipitates;
(4) adsorption treatment: adjusting the pH value of the sewage treated in the step (3) to 5-6, adding modified attapulgite, wherein the adding amount of the modified attapulgite is 0.5-1g/L, stirring and adsorbing for 1.5-2.5h, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation; and adding modified diatomite into the sewage, wherein the adding amount of the modified diatomite is 0.5-1g/L, stirring and adsorbing for 2-3h, stopping stirring, standing, and then performing solid-liquid separation.
Preferably, in the step (1), the aeration time is 1-2 h.
Preferably, in the step (2), the adding amount of the nano zero-valent iron is 0.2-0.5g/L, and the stirring time is 1-1.5 h.
Preferably, in the step (3), the inorganic flocculant is polyaluminium chloride or polyferric chloride.
Preferably, in step (4), the modified attapulgite is prepared by the following method: the dried attapulgite is radiated by microwave for 2-3min, then is dipped in 0.4-0.6mol/L sodium hydroxide solution for 1-1.5h, filtered and washed by clear water, then the obtained attapulgite is put in 1-1.5mol/L acetic acid solution for 6-8h, then is filtered, the obtained attapulgite is dipped in saturated salt solution for 3-4h, then is filtered and dried to constant weight, thus obtaining the modified attapulgite.
Preferably, in the step (4), the modified diatomite is prepared by the following method: roasting the diatomite at the temperature of 600-650 ℃ for 0.5-1h, then grinding, then soaking the obtained diatomite into 5-8% hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution by mass, stirring at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ for 1-1.5h, then filtering, washing with clear water, and drying to constant weight, thus obtaining the modified diatomite.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. this application treat the heavy metal of processing earlier and adjust pH value earlier, can make some heavy metal take place to react and is precipitated after generating hydroxide, combine follow-up aeration treatment, have certain effect to reducing COD.
2. After pretreatment, the sewage is treated by the nano zero-valent iron, each high-valent metal particle is reduced by the zero-valent iron, and meanwhile, the nano zero-valent iron can fix some heavy metals on the surfaces of the nano particles through double actions of adsorption and reduction.
3. After the nano zero-valent iron is treated, flocculation treatment is carried out, so that pollutants such as particles, colloids and the like in sewage are coagulated, solid suspended matters in the sewage can be effectively removed, the effect is better during the subsequent treatment of the sewage, and the stability is higher.
4. The invention adopts the specific modified attapulgite and the modified diatomite to adsorb the sewage, and has excellent adsorption effect, thereby almost removing the heavy metals in the sewage. Meanwhile, the modified attapulgite and the modified diatomite can be repeatedly used after being eluted.
5. The treatment process has the advantages of mutual matching of all steps, high efficiency, good effect, lower treatment cost and no secondary pollution in the sewage treatment process.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1: preparation of modified concave-convex soil
The modified concave-convex bar soil is prepared by the following method: the dried attapulgite is radiated by microwave for 3min, then is soaked in 0.6mol/L sodium hydroxide solution for 1.5h, filtered and washed by clear water, then the obtained attapulgite is placed in 1.5mol/L acetic acid solution for 6h, then is filtered, and the obtained attapulgite is placed in saturated salt solution for soaking for 3h, then is filtered and dried to constant weight, thus obtaining the modified attapulgite.
Example 2: preparation of modified concave-convex soil
The modified concave-convex bar soil is prepared by the following method: the dried attapulgite is radiated by microwave for 2min, then is soaked in 0.4mol/L sodium hydroxide solution for 1.5h, filtered and washed by clear water, and then the obtained attapulgite is placed in 1mol/L acetic acid solution for 8h, then is filtered, and the obtained attapulgite is placed in saturated salt water for soaking for 4h, then is filtered and dried to constant weight, thus obtaining the modified attapulgite.
Example 3: preparation of modified diatomaceous earth
The modified diatomite is prepared by the following method: roasting diatomite at 650 ℃ for 1h, then grinding, then soaking the obtained diatomite into a cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution with the mass part of 8%, stirring at 50-55 ℃ for 1h, then filtering, washing with clear water, and drying to constant weight, thus obtaining the modified diatomite.
Example 4: preparation of modified diatomaceous earth
The modified diatomite is prepared by the following method: roasting diatomite at 620 ℃ for 0.5h, then grinding, then soaking the obtained diatomite into 5% hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution in parts by weight, stirring at 55-60 ℃ for 1.5h, then filtering, washing with clear water, and drying to constant weight to obtain the modified diatomite.
Example 5: heavy metal sewage treatment process
A heavy metal sewage treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: introducing heavy metal sewage into a sewage treatment tank, adjusting the pH of the sewage to 8-8.5, and then carrying out aeration treatment on the sewage for 1.5 h;
(2) treating the nano zero-valent iron: adding nano zero-valent iron into the sewage treated in the step (1), wherein the adding amount of the nano zero-valent iron is 0.45g/L, then stirring for 1.5h, and carrying out solid-liquid separation after standing;
(3) flocculation treatment: adding polyaluminium chloride into the sewage treated in the step (2) for flocculation treatment, and then separating precipitates;
(4) adsorption treatment: adjusting the pH value of the sewage treated in the step (3) to 5.5-6, adding modified attapulgite, wherein the adding amount of the modified attapulgite (prepared in example 1) is 0.8g/L, stirring and adsorbing for 2h, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation; further, modified diatomaceous earth (prepared in example 3) was added to the wastewater in an amount of 0.8g/L, and the mixture was stirred for adsorption for 3 hours, and then stirred and allowed to stand for solid-liquid separation.
Example 6: heavy metal sewage treatment process
A heavy metal sewage treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: introducing heavy metal sewage into a sewage treatment tank, adjusting the pH of the sewage to 8-9, and then carrying out aeration treatment on the sewage for 2 hours;
(2) treating the nano zero-valent iron: adding nano zero-valent iron into the sewage treated in the step (1), wherein the adding amount of the nano zero-valent iron is 0.35g/L, stirring for 1.5h, and performing solid-liquid separation after standing;
(3) flocculation treatment: adding polyferric chloride into the sewage treated in the step (2) for flocculation treatment, and then separating precipitates;
(4) adsorption treatment: adjusting the pH value of the sewage treated in the step (3) to 5.5-6, adding modified attapulgite, wherein the adding amount of the modified attapulgite (prepared in example 2) is 1g/L, stirring and adsorbing for 2h, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation; further, modified diatomaceous earth (prepared in example 3) was added to the wastewater in an amount of 0.8g/L, and the mixture was stirred and adsorbed for 2 hours, and then the stirring was stopped, and the mixture was allowed to stand and then subjected to solid-liquid separation.
Example 7: heavy metal sewage treatment process
A heavy metal sewage treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: introducing heavy metal sewage into a sewage treatment tank, adjusting the pH of the sewage to 8.5-9, and then carrying out aeration treatment on the sewage for 2 hours;
(2) treating the nano zero-valent iron: adding nano zero-valent iron into the sewage treated in the step (1), wherein the adding amount of the nano zero-valent iron is 0.5g/L, then stirring for 1.5h, and carrying out solid-liquid separation after standing;
(3) flocculation treatment: adding polyferric chloride into the sewage treated in the step (2) for flocculation treatment, and then separating precipitates;
(4) adsorption treatment: adjusting the pH value of the sewage treated in the step (3) to 5.5-6, adding modified attapulgite (obtained by the preparation of the example 1), wherein the adding amount of the modified attapulgite is 1g/L, stirring and adsorbing for 2 hours, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation; further, modified diatomaceous earth (prepared in example 4) was added to the wastewater in an amount of 0.8g/L, and the mixture was stirred and adsorbed for 3 hours, and then the stirring was stopped, and the mixture was allowed to stand and then subjected to solid-liquid separation.
Example 8: heavy metal sewage treatment process
A heavy metal sewage treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: introducing heavy metal sewage into a sewage treatment tank, adjusting the pH of the sewage to 8.5-9, and then carrying out aeration treatment on the sewage for 1 h;
(2) treating the nano zero-valent iron: adding nano zero-valent iron into the sewage treated in the step (1), wherein the adding amount of the nano zero-valent iron is 0.3g/L, stirring for 1h, and carrying out solid-liquid separation after standing;
(3) flocculation treatment: adding polyaluminium chloride into the sewage treated in the step (2) for flocculation treatment, and then separating precipitates;
(4) adsorption treatment: adjusting the pH value of the sewage treated in the step (3) to 5-5.5, adding the modified attapulgite (obtained by the preparation of the example 2), wherein the adding amount of the modified attapulgite is 0.7g/L, stirring and adsorbing for 2.5h, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation; further, modified diatomaceous earth (prepared in example 4) was added to the wastewater in an amount of 1g/L, and after stirring and adsorption for 2 hours, stirring was stopped, and after standing, solid-liquid separation was performed.
Example 9: heavy metal sewage treatment process
A heavy metal sewage treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: introducing heavy metal sewage into a sewage treatment tank, adjusting the pH of the sewage to 8-8.5, and then carrying out aeration treatment on the sewage for 1.5 h;
(2) treating the nano zero-valent iron: adding nano zero-valent iron into the sewage treated in the step (1), wherein the adding amount of the nano zero-valent iron is 0.2g/L, then stirring for 1.5h, and carrying out solid-liquid separation after standing;
(3) flocculation treatment: adding polyaluminium chloride into the sewage treated in the step (2) for flocculation treatment, and then separating precipitates;
(4) adsorption treatment: adjusting the pH value of the sewage treated in the step (3) to 5.5-6, adding the modified attapulgite (obtained by the preparation of the example 2), wherein the adding amount of the modified attapulgite is 0.5g/L, stirring and adsorbing for 1.5h, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation; further, modified diatomaceous earth (prepared in example 3) was added to the wastewater in an amount of 0.5g/L, and the mixture was stirred for adsorption for 3 hours, and then stirred and allowed to stand for solid-liquid separation.
And (3) performance testing:
certain heavy metal sewage is collected and treated by the processes in examples 5 to 7 respectively, and finally, the removal rates of heavy metals and COD are calculated, and specific results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1:
as is clear from Table 1, the present invention is excellent in the effect of treating heavy metal-containing wastewater.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The heavy metal sewage treatment process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: introducing heavy metal sewage into a sewage treatment tank, adjusting the pH of the sewage to 8-9, and then carrying out aeration treatment on the sewage;
(2) treating the nano zero-valent iron: adding nano zero-valent iron into the sewage treated in the step (1), stirring, standing and then carrying out solid-liquid separation;
(3) flocculation treatment: adding an inorganic flocculant into the sewage treated in the step (2) for flocculation treatment, and then separating precipitates;
(4) adsorption treatment: adjusting the pH value of the sewage treated in the step (3) to 5-6, adding modified attapulgite, wherein the adding amount of the modified attapulgite is 0.5-1g/L, stirring and adsorbing for 1.5-2.5h, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation; and adding modified diatomite into the sewage, wherein the adding amount of the modified diatomite is 0.5-1g/L, stirring and adsorbing for 2-3h, stopping stirring, standing, and then performing solid-liquid separation.
2. The heavy metal sewage treatment process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the aeration time is 1-2 h.
3. The heavy metal sewage treatment process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the addition amount of the nano zero-valent iron is 0.2-0.5g/L, and the stirring time is 1-1.5 h.
4. The heavy metal sewage treatment process of claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the inorganic flocculant is polyaluminium chloride or polyferric chloride.
5. The heavy metal wastewater treatment process of claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the modified attapulgite is prepared by the following method: the dried attapulgite is radiated by microwave for 2-3min, then is dipped in 0.4-0.6mol/L sodium hydroxide solution for 1-1.5h, filtered and washed by clear water, then the obtained attapulgite is put in 1-1.5mol/L acetic acid solution for 6-8h, then is filtered, the obtained attapulgite is dipped in saturated salt solution for 3-4h, then is filtered and dried to constant weight, thus obtaining the modified attapulgite.
6. The heavy metal sewage treatment process of claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the modified diatomite is prepared by the following method: roasting the diatomite at the temperature of 600-650 ℃ for 0.5-1h, then grinding, then soaking the obtained diatomite into 5-8% hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution by mass, stirring at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ for 1-1.5h, then filtering, washing with clear water, and drying to constant weight, thus obtaining the modified diatomite.
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| CN202010598138.1A CN111675384A (en) | 2020-06-28 | 2020-06-28 | Heavy metal sewage treatment process |
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| CN202010598138.1A CN111675384A (en) | 2020-06-28 | 2020-06-28 | Heavy metal sewage treatment process |
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| US20110220577A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research | Process for the removal of arsenic and chromium from water |
| CN102219228A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2011-10-19 | 兰州大学 | Comprehensive modification method for attapulgite |
| CN105130041A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-12-09 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Improved treatment method of acidic waste water containing heavy metals |
| CN109607935A (en) * | 2019-02-12 | 2019-04-12 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | The minimizing technology of heavy metal in a kind of coking wastewater |
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2020
- 2020-06-28 CN CN202010598138.1A patent/CN111675384A/en not_active Withdrawn
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20110220577A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research | Process for the removal of arsenic and chromium from water |
| CN102219228A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2011-10-19 | 兰州大学 | Comprehensive modification method for attapulgite |
| CN105130041A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-12-09 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Improved treatment method of acidic waste water containing heavy metals |
| CN109607935A (en) * | 2019-02-12 | 2019-04-12 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | The minimizing technology of heavy metal in a kind of coking wastewater |
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| 张宏伟等: "纳米零价铁在重金属污水高标准排放的应用", 《有色冶金设计与研究》 * |
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Application publication date: 20200918 |
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