CN111672862B - Disposal structure and disposal method of mercury-containing lamp tube - Google Patents

Disposal structure and disposal method of mercury-containing lamp tube Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111672862B
CN111672862B CN202010539696.0A CN202010539696A CN111672862B CN 111672862 B CN111672862 B CN 111672862B CN 202010539696 A CN202010539696 A CN 202010539696A CN 111672862 B CN111672862 B CN 111672862B
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China
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mercury
sulfide
scrapped
containing lamp
lamp tube
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CN111672862A (en
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夏同成
赵涛
张淼
张治国
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Beikong Urban Environmental Resources Yichang Co ltd
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Beikong Urban Environmental Resources Yichang Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B1/00Dumping solid waste
    • B09B1/004Covering of dumping sites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • B09B3/25Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/30Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

A disposal structure and a disposal method of a mercury-containing lamp tube relate to the technical field of disposal of scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes. The plurality of scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes are gathered and placed in the center of the ton barrel, and the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes form scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube gathering; a gap space is formed between the aggregate and the side wall of the ton barrel, and a gap space is also formed between the aggregate and the bottom and the upper part of the ton barrel; the surface of the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate or the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube is covered with a sulfide layer; the space between the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes in the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate is filled with sulfide-containing concrete, and the space between the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate and the ton barrel is also filled with sulfide-containing concrete, and the sulfide-containing concrete is solidified into a whole, so that the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes are fixedly embedded into the sulfide-containing concrete. The application can effectively prevent mercury from diffusing.

Description

Disposal structure and disposal method of mercury-containing lamp tube
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and relates to disposal of scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes.
Background
At present, the mercury content of a T12 mercury-containing lamp tube with the tube diameter of 36mm in China is about 25-45 mg; a T5 mercury-containing lamp tube with a tube diameter of 16mm contains about 20mg of mercury; a compact mercury-containing lamp tube with a tube diameter of 10mm contains about 10mg of mercury. About 9 hundred million mercury-containing lamp tubes are produced in recent years in China, and the total mercury content in the mercury-containing lamp tubes produced in China every year is about 27t according to the average mercury content of 30mg per lamp tube.
The scrapped lamp tubes are discarded at will or mixed in a large amount in household garbage, so that the broken lamp tubes are extremely easy to diffuse mercury, and the health of residents is seriously endangered. 360 tons of water can be contaminated with 1mg of mercury. Once in the human body, mercury rapidly diffuses and accumulates in the kidney, chest, and other tissues and organs. The mercury-containing wastewater is discharged into a water body, and both metallic mercury and inorganic mercury can be converted into methyl mercury by bacteria, so that the mercury-containing wastewater can quickly enter cells and easily pass through a blood brain barrier to destroy nerve cells. Therefore, mercury, if recovered and disposed improperly, can pose a significant environmental hazard.
The disposal method of the mercury-containing lamp tube mainly comprises an incineration method and a recycling method at present, wherein the incineration method can cause the gasification of mercury in the mercury-containing lamp tube and easily cause secondary pollution; the recycling method has the advantages that the demand on the mercury-containing lamp tube is large, the early construction investment is large, the operation cost is high, if no sufficient quantity of waste mercury-containing lamp tubes exist, the sufficient profit cannot be ensured, and the feasibility cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a disposal structure and a disposal method of a mercury-containing lamp tube.
The disposal structure of the mercury-containing lamp tube is characterized by comprising a ton barrel, a sulfide layer, scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes and sulfide-containing concrete; the concrete containing sulfide, the sulfide layer and the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes are positioned in the ton barrel, a plurality of scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes are gathered and placed in the center of the ton barrel, and the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes form scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube gathering; a gap space is formed between the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate and the side wall of the ton barrel; a gap space is also formed between the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate and the bottom of the ton barrel; a gap space is also formed between the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate and the upper part of the ton barrel; the surface of the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate or the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube is covered with a sulfide layer; the space between the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes in the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate is filled with sulfide-containing concrete, and the space between the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate and the ton barrel is also filled with sulfide-containing concrete, and the sulfide-containing concrete is solidified into a whole, so that the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes are fixedly embedded into the sulfide-containing concrete.
The radial size of the gap space between the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate and the side wall of the ton barrel is 10-30cm; the axial size of a gap space between the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate and the bottom of the ton barrel is 10-30cm; the axial size of a gap space between the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate and the upper part of the ton barrel is 10-30cm;
the ton barrel is made of materials such as plastics.
The sulfide is selected from one or more of sodium sulfide, sulfur or thiourea.
The amount of sulfide in the sulfide layer is excessive relative to the mercury content in the lamp vessel, i.e. the sulfide is excessive by theoretical molar reaction.
The concrete containing sulfide is: mixing and stirring sulfide, water, cement and sand materials to prepare concrete, wherein the proportion of the concrete is sulfide: and (3) cement: sand stone (sand: stone=3:5) mass ratio= (0.01-0.02): 1:2.5:6, wherein the mass ratio of the sand to the stone is 3:5 sand and stone.
A method for disposing a mercury-containing lamp tube, comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing and stirring sulfide, water, cement and sand materials in proportion to prepare sulfide-doped concrete;
(2) Opening the upper cover of the ton barrel, pouring the pre-prepared concrete doped with sulfide into the ton barrel, and enabling the concrete doped with sulfide to be fully distributed at the bottom of the ton barrel;
(3) A plurality of mercury-containing lamp tubes are placed in the middle position of the ton barrel to form a scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate, the inner space of the ton barrel is utilized as much as possible when the lamp tubes are placed, meanwhile, a space is reserved between the lamp tubes and the top of the ton barrel, and a space is reserved between the lamp tubes and the side surfaces of the ton barrel;
(4) Pouring sulfide into the position of the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate to cover a layer of sulfide on the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube;
(5) Pouring concrete doped with sulfide into the ton barrel for solidification and molding, so that the concrete fills the gaps among the mercury-containing lamp tubes and the gaps among the lamp tubes and the ton barrel as much as possible;
(6) And (5) transferring the formed building blocks to a curing room for curing for 7 days at normal temperature. The building blocks after maintenance are subjected to regional test of leaching toxicity in a laboratory, the building blocks which are not in accordance with the landfill standard are put into a landfill site for stacking after being covered by a closed ton barrel which is in accordance with the landfill requirement, and the building blocks are crushed and then are subjected to solidification again, so that the qualified building blocks can be put into the landfill site after being subjected to the solidification.
When the mercury in the waste mercury-containing lamp tube leaks, the inner layer is excessive sodium sulfide (sulfur or thiourea) to absorb mercury vapor to form mercury sulfide for curing; part of the unabsorbed mercury can be blocked by the middle layer concrete block, so that mercury vapor diffusion is effectively prevented; the outer square box is protected, so that leakage of mercury vapor is practically avoided, finally, all mercury vapor in the waste mercury-containing lamp tube forms mercury sulfide to be solidified, meanwhile, the square box can also protect building blocks from being washed by underground water, and pollution of mercury to soil and underground water is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a field picture of a ton bucket used in the disposal method.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the ton tank.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of adding sand after the ton bucket is uncovered.
In the figure: 1. ton bucket, 2, ton bucket feed inlet, 3, ton bucket fork frame, 4, ton bucket upper cover, 5, sulfide layer, 6, scrapped mercury-containing fluorescent tube, 7, concrete mixed with sulfide, 8, ton bucket inside wall.
Detailed Description
The method for disposing the mercury-containing lamp is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1-3. The present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The disposing structure of a specific mercury-containing lamp tube is shown in fig. 1.
The treatment steps of the mercury-containing lamp tube comprise the following steps:
(1) Mixing and stirring sodium sulfide (sulfur or thiourea), water, cement and sand materials to prepare concrete, wherein the dosage proportion of the sand materials is mercury-containing lamp tube: sand material=1:30, concrete ratio is sodium sulfide (sulfur or thiourea) water: and (3) cement: sand stone (sand: stone=3:5) =0.01:1: 2.5:6.
(2) And opening the upper cover of the ton barrel, pouring the pre-prepared concrete into the opening ton barrel, and enabling the gravel material to be distributed on the bottom of the ton barrel, wherein the thickness of the bottom concrete is 20cm.
(3) The mercury-containing lamp tube (horizontally placed or vertically placed) is placed in the ton barrel, the inner space of the ton barrel is utilized as much as possible when the lamp tube is placed, meanwhile, a space of 20cm is reserved between the lamp tube and the top of the ton barrel, and a space of 10cm is reserved between the lamp tube and the side face of the ton barrel.
(4) Pouring sodium sulfide (sulfur or thiourea) with the same weight as the mercury content of the mercury-containing lamp tube.
(5) Pouring concrete into the ton barrel for solidification and forming, so that the concrete fills the gaps among the mercury-containing lamp tubes and the gaps among the lamp tubes and the ton barrel as much as possible.
(6) And (5) transferring the formed building blocks to a curing room for curing for 7 days at normal temperature. The building blocks after maintenance are subjected to regional test of leaching toxicity in a laboratory, the building blocks which are not in accordance with the landfill standard are put into a landfill site for stacking after being covered by a closed ton barrel which is in accordance with the landfill requirement, and the building blocks are crushed and then are subjected to solidification again, so that the qualified building blocks can be put into the landfill site after being subjected to the solidification.
When the mercury in the waste mercury-containing lamp tube leaks, the inner layer is excessive sodium sulfide (sulfur or thiourea) to absorb mercury vapor to form mercury sulfide for curing; part of the unabsorbed mercury can be blocked by the middle layer concrete block, so that mercury vapor diffusion is effectively prevented; the outer square box is protected, so that leakage of mercury vapor is practically avoided, finally, all mercury vapor in the waste mercury-containing lamp tube forms mercury sulfide to be solidified, meanwhile, the square box can also protect building blocks from being washed by underground water, and pollution of mercury to soil and underground water is avoided.
The patent adopts 3 layers of protection means to effectively control the release of mercury in the waste mercury-containing lamp tube to the environment, and is an effective process for managing the treatment of the waste mercury-containing lamp tube.
The mercury-containing lamp tube treatment method is suitable for small-batch intermittent mercury-containing lamp tube treatment.

Claims (6)

1. The disposal structure of the mercury-containing lamp tube is characterized by comprising a ton barrel, a sulfide layer, scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes and sulfide-containing concrete; the concrete containing sulfide, the sulfide layer and the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes are positioned in the ton barrel, a plurality of scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes are gathered and placed in the center of the ton barrel, and the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes form scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube gathering; a gap space is formed between the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate and the side wall of the ton barrel; a gap space is also formed between the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate and the bottom of the ton barrel; a gap space is also formed between the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate and the upper part of the ton barrel; the surface of the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate or the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube is covered with a sulfide layer; the method comprises the steps that the gaps between the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes in the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate are filled with sulfide-containing concrete, and the gap space between the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate and the ton barrel is also filled with sulfide-containing concrete, wherein the sulfide-containing concrete is solidified into a whole, so that the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tubes are fixedly embedded into the sulfide-containing concrete;
the sulfide is selected from one or more of sodium sulfide, sulfur or thiourea;
The concrete containing sulfide is: mixing and stirring sulfide, water, cement and sand materials to prepare concrete, wherein the proportion of the concrete is sulfide: and (3) cement: mass ratio of sand material= (0.01-0.02): 1:2.5:6, wherein the mass ratio of the sand to the stone is 3:5 sand and stone.
2. A disposal structure for a mercury-containing lamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radial dimension of the void space between the aggregate of the discarded mercury-containing lamp and the sidewall of the ton vessel is 10-30cm; the axial size of a gap space between the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate and the bottom of the ton barrel is 10-30cm; the axial size of the clearance space between the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate and the upper part of the ton barrel is 10-30cm.
3. A disposal structure for a mercury-containing lamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ton barrel is plastic.
4. A disposal structure for a mercury-containing lamp as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the amount of sulfide in the sulfide layer is excessive with respect to the mercury content in the lamp, i.e. the sulfide is excessive in accordance with a theoretical molar reaction.
5. A disposal structure for a mercury-containing lamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the discarded mercury-containing lamp is laid flat or/and upright.
6. A method of disposing of a disposal structure of a mercury-containing lamp according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing and stirring sulfide, water, cement and sand materials in proportion to prepare sulfide-doped concrete;
(2) Opening the upper cover of the ton barrel, pouring the pre-prepared concrete doped with sulfide into the ton barrel, and enabling the concrete doped with sulfide to be fully distributed at the bottom of the ton barrel;
(3) A plurality of mercury-containing lamp tubes are placed in the middle position of the ton barrel to form scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregates, and the inner space of the ton barrel is utilized as much as possible when the lamp tubes are placed;
(4) Pouring sulfide into the position of the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube aggregate to cover a layer of sulfide on the scrapped mercury-containing lamp tube;
(5) Pouring concrete doped with sulfide into the ton barrel for curing and forming, so that the concrete fills the gaps among the mercury-containing lamp tubes and the gaps between the lamp tubes and the ton barrel;
(6) The molded building block is moved to a curing room for curing for 7 days at normal temperature; the building blocks after maintenance are subjected to regional test of leaching toxicity in a laboratory, the building blocks which are not in accordance with the landfill standard are put into a landfill site for stacking after being covered by a closed ton barrel which is in accordance with the landfill requirement, and the building blocks are crushed and then are subjected to solidification again, so that the qualified building blocks can be put into the landfill site after being subjected to the solidification.
CN202010539696.0A 2020-06-12 2020-06-12 Disposal structure and disposal method of mercury-containing lamp tube Active CN111672862B (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102247685A (en) * 2010-05-18 2011-11-23 上海复拓环境技术有限公司 Harmless treatment process for mercury-containing waste dangerous chemicals
CN102688653A (en) * 2011-03-23 2012-09-26 北京金隅红树林环保技术有限责任公司 Method and apparatus for controlling dust and mercury discharge from fragmentation of waste tube
CN108687114A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-10-23 扬州杰嘉工业固废处置有限公司 A kind of Organomercurial waste is stable and cures disposing technique
CN111228711A (en) * 2020-01-15 2020-06-05 扬州杰嘉工业固废处置有限公司 Method for stabilizing and curing mercury-containing waste salt slag by using petrochemical waste alkali slag
CN111250516A (en) * 2020-02-05 2020-06-09 南京大学宜兴环保研究院 Harmless treatment method for mercury-containing solid waste of fluorescent lamp tube
CN213591369U (en) * 2020-06-12 2021-07-02 北控城市环境资源(宜昌)有限公司 Disposal structure of mercury-containing lamp tube

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102247685A (en) * 2010-05-18 2011-11-23 上海复拓环境技术有限公司 Harmless treatment process for mercury-containing waste dangerous chemicals
CN102688653A (en) * 2011-03-23 2012-09-26 北京金隅红树林环保技术有限责任公司 Method and apparatus for controlling dust and mercury discharge from fragmentation of waste tube
CN108687114A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-10-23 扬州杰嘉工业固废处置有限公司 A kind of Organomercurial waste is stable and cures disposing technique
CN111228711A (en) * 2020-01-15 2020-06-05 扬州杰嘉工业固废处置有限公司 Method for stabilizing and curing mercury-containing waste salt slag by using petrochemical waste alkali slag
CN111250516A (en) * 2020-02-05 2020-06-09 南京大学宜兴环保研究院 Harmless treatment method for mercury-containing solid waste of fluorescent lamp tube
CN213591369U (en) * 2020-06-12 2021-07-02 北控城市环境资源(宜昌)有限公司 Disposal structure of mercury-containing lamp tube

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