CN111250516A - Harmless treatment method for mercury-containing solid waste of fluorescent lamp tube - Google Patents
Harmless treatment method for mercury-containing solid waste of fluorescent lamp tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN111250516A CN111250516A CN202010080371.0A CN202010080371A CN111250516A CN 111250516 A CN111250516 A CN 111250516A CN 202010080371 A CN202010080371 A CN 202010080371A CN 111250516 A CN111250516 A CN 111250516A
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- lamp tube
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- fragments
- fluorescent lamp
- acid
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/80—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an extraction step
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a harmless treatment method for mercury-containing solid waste of a fluorescent lamp tube, belonging to the technical field of solid waste treatment, the method comprises the steps of putting lamp tube fragments into a sealed tank, pretreating the mercury-containing lamp tube fragments by using ultrasonic waves, washing the lamp tube fragments by using a cleaning solution, an acid-containing solution and pure water in sequence, connecting plasma generation equipment outside the sealed tank, and carrying out post-treatment on the surface of the cleaned lamp tube by using plasma gas, so that residual mercury on the surface of the lamp tube fragments can be further removed, the lamp tube fragments can be dried, and the content of a leaching solution of mercury in the waste fluorescent lamp tube is controlled to be below 0.02 mg/L.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a harmless treatment method for mercury-containing solid waste of a fluorescent lamp tube.
Background
The fluorescent lamp tube is a common mercury-containing light source, and can be divided into three different types, namely a straight tube type, a ring type and a compact type according to different shapes. At present, the yield and the consumption of fluorescent tubes in China are at the top of the world, and the discarded tubes are discarded at will or mixed in a large amount in household garbage, so that mercury is easy to diffuse after the tubes are broken, and the health of residents is seriously harmed. The lamp tubes in the domestic garbage finally enter a garbage landfill, and the released mercury can seriously pollute soil and underground water sources, wherein the mercury content of straight tube type fluorescent lamp tubes in China is 20-40 mg/per tube, the mercury content of compact fluorescent lamp tubes and ring type fluorescent lamp tubes is about 10 mg/per tube, and 1mg of mercury can pollute 360 tons of water.
In the prior art, the fluorescent lamp tube is only treated by a dry method, such as sulfur filling and burying, direct heating crushing separation, blowing separation and other treatment methods, wherein the sulfur and mercury are chemically reflected in a negative pressure container to become harmless solids and are buried in a safe place, and the liquid or gaseous mercury is separated and collected for recycling. In addition, the wet treatment is only carried out by using a nitric acid solution, but no matter the dry treatment or the wet treatment is carried out, the finally treated lamp tube fragment leachate is higher than the standard requirement of 0.1mg/L, and still causes damage to the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a harmless treatment method for mercury-containing solid waste of a fluorescent lamp tube, which can carry out efficient advanced treatment on the fluorescent lamp tube in a closed environment so as to further reduce the mercury content in a leaching solution to be below a safety value.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a harmless treatment method for mercury-containing solid waste of a fluorescent lamp tube comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing a mercury-containing fluorescent lamp tube, then loading the mercury-containing fluorescent lamp tube into a sealed tank, attaching an ultrasonic transducer to the surface of the sealed tank, and carrying out ultrasonic vibration treatment on lamp tube fragments in the sealed tank by using 20000HZ ultrasonic waves to separate solid impurities attached to the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments;
s2: introducing a cleaning solution into the sealing tank to continuously and circularly clean the lamp tube fragments for 1-2min, eluting solid impurities on the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments, draining clear liquid after cleaning is finished, and retaining the cleaned lamp tube fragments in the sealing tank;
s3: introducing an acid-containing solution into the sealing tank, wherein the mass ratio of the acid-containing solution to the lamp tube fragments is 1-2:1, soaking for 10-60s, leaching mercury-containing components on the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments by using the acid-containing solution, discharging the acid-containing solution, and retaining the acid-washed lamp tube fragments in the sealing tank;
s4: introducing pure water into the sealed tank to circularly wash the pickled lamp tube fragments for 2-5min, rinsing the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments by using the pure water to remove residual acid liquid and mercury-containing components, and after discharging the pure water, retaining the rinsed lamp tube fragments in the sealed tank;
s5: and (3) adding plasma generation equipment outside the sealed tank treated in the step S4, introducing mixed gas into the sealed tank filled with the rinsed lamp tube fragments, forming a reaction cavity in the sealed tank, applying 20-25KV alternating current voltage and 100-120W input power to the two opposite ends of the sealed tank under normal pressure to enable the mixed gas to discharge to generate plasma gas, wherein the time length is 1-5min, deeply cleaning mercury-containing components on the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments by using the plasma gas, and simultaneously guiding the lamp tube fragments to dry.
Further, the seal pot includes the jar body of ceramic material, the both sides of the jar body are equipped with the electrode post that is used for connecting plasma generating equipment, install head one and head two at jar body both ends through the ring flange, be equipped with the circumference recess on the faying face of head one and head two and jar body, be equipped with the sealing washer in the circumference recess, be equipped with the inlet on the head one, the air inlet, be equipped with valve one and valve two on inlet and the air inlet respectively, be equipped with the liquid outlet on the head two, the gas outlet, be equipped with valve three and valve four on liquid outlet and the gas outlet respectively, still be equipped with the interception filter screen in the head two, be used for filtering.
Further, as the ceramic material of the can body, for example, a silicon aluminum oxynitride/boron nitride mixture manufactured by japan koxishi steel manufacturing company (NKK) is used. The high-hardness high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant insulating material has the advantages of high hardness, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, processability, capability of serving as an insulating medium to block discharge and the like.
Furthermore, in order to prevent mercury from escaping after the lamp tube is broken, a breaking cutter head is further installed at the center of the inner side of the first end enclosure and driven by a breaking motor located outside the first end enclosure, and is used for carrying out internal breaking treatment on the fluorescent lamp tube, so that the phenomenon can be effectively avoided.
Furthermore, the interception filter screen comprises a stainless steel punched net serving as a supporting layer and a glass fiber thin felt clamped between two layers of the stainless steel punched net. The glass fiber mat is a glass fiber non-woven fabric product, can be a C glass fiber mat specially prepared by Australian Raftia gold glass fiber company, is high-temperature resistant and corrosion resistant, has high bulkiness, large porosity and good filterability, can adsorb residual mercury components in water and gas, reduces the post-treatment burden of mercury-containing solution, and simultaneously reduces the pollution to air.
Further, the plasma generating device comprises a high-voltage electrode and a grounding electrode which are fixedly connected to the outer side of the tank body through electrode columns respectively, and a plasma generator which is electrically connected with the high-voltage electrode and the grounding electrode, wherein the grounding electrode is grounded.
Further, the cleaning solution is a NaCl aqueous solution with the volume percentage concentration of 1-10%. Compared with pure water, the NaCl aqueous solution has higher decontamination capability and good cleaning effect when being used for cleaning the primary surface of the broken pieces of the lamp tube.
Further, the acid-containing solution comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 20-30% of nitric acid, 0.05% of sulfuric acid, 0.01% of sulfonic acid and the balance of pure water. The addition of the sulfuric acid and the sulfonic acid can greatly improve the leaching efficiency of mercury-containing components on the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments and reduce the residual mercury content on the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments.
Furthermore, the volume of the broken lamp tube in the sealed tank is 20-50%. The volume ratio is too small, so that the treatment efficiency is easily reduced, and the volume ratio is too large, so that the gas ratio in the sealing tank is reduced, and the plasma treatment effect on the light fragments is reduced.
Furthermore, the mixed gas is one or the combination of any several of nitrogen, argon and helium, and the flow rate of the mixed gas is 60-100 ml/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention utilizes ultrasonic waves to pretreat mercury-containing lamp tube fragments, can effectively separate attachments on the surface of the lamp tube, and is convenient for pickling and leaching.
(2) According to the invention, the NaCl aqueous solution is adopted for surface cleaning, the acid solution is adopted for acid cleaning, and finally the pure water is adopted for rinsing, wherein the NaCl aqueous solution has higher decontamination capability compared with the pure water and is used for the primary surface cleaning of the lamp tube fragments, the effect is good, the sulfuric acid and the sulfonic acid are added into the acid solution on the basis of the nitric acid solution, the leaching efficiency of mercury-containing components on the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments can be improved, and the residual mercury content on the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments can be reduced. In addition, the water solution, the acid solution and the pure water can be recycled for 10-15 times, so that the cost is greatly saved.
(3) The invention finally adopts plasma gas to carry out post-treatment on the surface of the cleaned lamp tube, thereby not only further removing the residual mercury on the surface of the lamp tube fragments, but also drying the lamp tube fragments, and controlling the leaching solution content of the mercury of the waste fluorescent lamp tube to be below 0.02 mg/L.
(4) The invention adopts the sealed tank to load the lamp tube fragments, is convenient for batch streamlined treatment, can also improve the efficiency of the whole treatment process, and is suitable for large-scale application in factories.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the first seal of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the second head of FIG. 1;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the entire structure in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
The device comprises a tank body 1, a first sealing head 2, a second sealing head 3, a flange plate 4, a circumferential groove 5, a sealing ring 6, a liquid inlet 7, a gas inlet 8, a liquid outlet 9, a gas outlet 10, a valve I11, a valve II 12, a valve III 13, a valve IV 14, an intercepting filter screen 15, a stainless steel punching mesh 151, a glass fiber thin felt 152, an electrode column 16, a crushing tool bit 17, a crushing motor 18, a high-voltage electrode 19, a grounding electrode 20 and a plasma generator 21.
Detailed Description
Example 1
This embodiment provides a sealed can for conveniently processing fluorescent lamp tube, as shown in fig. 1, the sealed can comprises a can body 1 made of ceramic material, a first end enclosure 2 and a second end enclosure 3 which are arranged at two ends of the tank body 1 through a flange 4, as shown in figures 4 and 5, a circumferential groove 5 is arranged on the joint surface of the first end enclosure 2 and the second end enclosure 3 and the tank body 1, a sealing ring 6 is arranged in the circumferential groove 5, a liquid inlet 7 and an air inlet 8 are arranged on the first end enclosure 2, as shown in fig. 1, a first valve 11 and a second valve 12 are respectively arranged on the liquid inlet 7 and the gas inlet 8, a liquid outlet 9 and a gas outlet 10 are arranged on the second end enclosure 3, a third valve 13 and a fourth valve 14 are respectively arranged on the liquid outlet 9 and the gas outlet 10, an interception filter screen 15 is also arranged in the second end enclosure 3, as shown in fig. 2, the intercepting filter 15 includes a stainless steel perforated mesh 151 as a supporting layer, and a glass fiber mat 152 clamped between two layers of the stainless steel perforated mesh 151. The glass fiber mat 152 is a glass fiber non-woven fabric product, can adopt a C glass fiber mat specially manufactured by Australian Raftia gold glass fiber company, is high-temperature resistant and corrosion resistant, has high bulkiness, large porosity and good filterability, can adsorb residual mercury components in water and gas, reduces the post-treatment burden of mercury-containing solution, and simultaneously reduces the pollution to the air.
The method for harmlessly treating the mercury-containing solid waste of the fluorescent lamp tube by using the sealed tank comprises the following steps:
s1: installing a second end socket 3 at the lower end of the tank body 1, then crushing the mercury-containing fluorescent lamp tube, then loading the mercury-containing fluorescent lamp tube into the tank body 1, installing a first end socket 2 to form a sealed environment, then attaching an ultrasonic transducer to the surface of the sealed tank, and performing ultrasonic vibration treatment on the lamp tube fragments in the sealed tank by using 20000HZ ultrasonic waves to separate solid impurities attached to the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments;
s2: and opening the first valve 11, connecting a storage tank filled with cleaning liquid with the liquid inlet 7, pumping the cleaning liquid into the tank body 1, and continuously and circularly cleaning the lamp tube fragments for 1-2min, wherein the cleaning liquid is a NaCl aqueous solution with the volume percentage concentration of 1-10%, and the NaCl aqueous solution has higher decontamination capability compared with pure water and is used for cleaning the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments with good primary cleaning effect. After cleaning, opening a second valve 12, connecting an anti-corrosion pump at the liquid outlet 9 to dry the cleaning liquid in the tank body 1, and intercepting the cleaned lamp tube fragments in the tank body 1 by an intercepting filter screen 15;
s3: connecting a storage box filled with acid-containing solution and a liquid inlet 7, wherein the mass ratio of the acid-containing solution to the lamp tube fragments is 1.5:1, and soaking is carried out for 35s, wherein the acid-containing solution comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 25% nitric acid, 0.05% sulfuric acid, 0.01% sulfonic acid, and the balance pure water. The addition of the sulfuric acid and the sulfonic acid can greatly improve the leaching efficiency of mercury-containing components on the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments and reduce the residual mercury content on the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments. Leaching mercury-containing components on the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments by using an acid-containing solution, opening a second valve 12, connecting an anti-corrosion pump at a liquid outlet 9 to dry the acid-containing solution in the tank body 1, and intercepting the pickled lamp tube fragments in the tank body 1 by an intercepting filter screen 15;
s4: connecting a storage tank filled with pure water with a liquid inlet 7 to circularly wash the pickled lamp tube fragments for 2-5min, rinsing the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments by using the pure water to remove residual acid liquid and mercury-containing components, opening a second valve 12, connecting an anti-corrosion pump at a liquid outlet 9 to pump out the pure water in the tank body 1, and intercepting the rinsed lamp tube fragments by an intercepting filter screen 15 in a sealed tank; the glass fiber mat 152 in the filtering net 15 can improve the circulation times of mercury components washed from the cleaning solution, the acid solution and the pure water. And purifying the circulated mercury-containing waste liquid by adopting a chemical precipitation method.
S5: and opening the flange plate 4 connected with the second end socket 3 and the tank body 1, taking out the lamp tube fragments treated by the S4, putting the lamp tube fragments into a drying box, drying at the temperature of 250 ℃, and sampling the dried lamp tube fragments to measure the mercury content in the mercury leachate.
Example 2
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: and a crushing cutter head 17 is further installed at the center of the inner side of the first sealing head 2, and the crushing cutter head 17 is driven by a crushing motor 18 positioned outside the first sealing head 2.
When the mercury-free lamp is used, as shown in fig. 3, the tank body 1 is inverted, one end of the first mounting end enclosure 2 is placed below the first mounting end enclosure, the fluorescent lamp tube is mounted in the tank body 1, the second mounting end enclosure 3 is mounted at the upper end of the tank body 1, the crushing motor 18 is started, the lamp tube is crushed in the closed environment of the tank body 1 by the crushing cutter head 17, and therefore the phenomenon that mercury evaporates and escapes into the air can be effectively avoided. In the cleaning stage, the tank body 1 is turned over again, so that one end of the first installation end enclosure 2 is placed above, and the second end enclosure 3 provided with the intercepting filter screen 15 is placed below. The treatment method was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The construction of the sealed can of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of embodiment 2, except that: as shown in fig. 6, electrode posts 16 are provided on both sides of the can 1, wherein the plasma generating apparatus includes a high voltage electrode 19 and a ground electrode 20 fixedly connected to the outside of the can 1 through the electrode posts 16, respectively, and a plasma generator 21 electrically connected to the high voltage electrode 19 and the ground electrode 20, and the ground electrode 20 is grounded. The material of the can body 1 is a ceramic material, for example, a silicon aluminum oxynitride/boron nitride mixture manufactured by NKK, japan ancient leisure steel manufacturing company. The high-hardness high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant insulating material has the advantages of high hardness, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, processability, capability of serving as an insulating medium to block discharge and the like.
The method for harmless treatment of the mercury-containing solid waste of the fluorescent lamp tube by using the device of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the original S5 is replaced by:
as shown in FIG. 6, the tank 1 containing the cleaned lamp tube fragments is placed transversely, the first valve 11 and the second valve 12 are closed, the third valve 13 and the fourth valve 14 are opened, and nitrogen gas is introduced into the tank 1 from the gas inlet 8 at a flow rate of 80ml/min to evacuate the air in the tank 1, and the nitrogen gas can be argon gas or helium gas or a mixture thereof. Then turning on the plasma generator 21, applying 22KV AC voltage between the high voltage electrode 19 and the grounding electrode 20, and 110W input power to make nitrogen or other inert gases discharge to generate plasma gas, because the material of the tank body 1 adopts insulating ceramic material as a dielectric layer, the generated plasma gas is more fine and dense, avoiding corona occurrence due to concentrated discharge, and utilizing the plasma gas generated by discharge to carry out post-treatment on the residual mercury on the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments, the mercury leaching content of the lamp tube fragments can be greatly reduced, in addition, because the plasma gas generated under the discharge condition can raise the temperature in the tank body 1 to 200 ℃ and 300 ℃, the lamp tube fragments can be dried. The step of taking out the lamp tube fragments and then putting the lamp tube fragments into a drying box is not needed, the lamp tube fragments are completely processed in a sealed environment in the whole process, and the environment is not polluted.
Comparative example 1
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: in S1, the lamp fragments are not treated by ultrasonic vibration.
Comparative example 2
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: the acid-containing solution comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 20-30% of nitric acid, 0.05% of sulfuric acid and the balance of pure water.
Comparative example 3
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: no glass fiber mat 152 is disposed between the two layers of stainless steel perforated mesh 151.
Test examples
1. 100g of the treated lamp fragments of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were weighed out as an experimental group, 3 parallel groups of the original untreated lamp fragments were set as a blank control group, and the average content of the measured mercury leachate was as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 measurement of mercury leaching solution in groups of lamp fragments
And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from Table 1, the lamp tube fragment mercury leachate treated by the example 1 and the example 2 is basically the same, and is kept at about 80 μ g/L, and basically meets the standard that the leached mercury content is lower than 0.1mg/L, and the comparison example 3 and the examples 1-2 can find that the mercury leaching amount of the lamp tube fragment treated by the plasma gas is greatly reduced to 11 μ g/L, which shows that the technical scheme of the example 3 is obviously more excellent, while the comparison example 1 and the example 1 can find that the mercury content of the lamp tube fragment treated by the pickling solution without the ultrasonic pretreatment is obviously increased, and the comparison example 2 and the example 1 can find that the mercury content of the lamp tube fragment treated by the pickling solution without the sulfonic acid is also obviously increased.
2. The number of times of recycling of the cleaning liquid, the acid-containing solution, and the pure water was measured, and in comparison with example 1 and comparative example 3, it was experimentally confirmed that the number of times of recycling of each liquid of example 1 was 13 on average, and the number of times of recycling of each liquid of comparative example 3 without using the glass fiber mat 152 was 6 on average, under the condition of performing filtration and adsorption using the glass fiber mat 152. It is shown that the use of the glass fiber mat 152 increases the number of liquid cycles and results in significant cost savings.
Claims (9)
1. A harmless treatment method for mercury-containing solid waste of a fluorescent lamp tube is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: crushing a mercury-containing fluorescent lamp tube, then loading the mercury-containing fluorescent lamp tube into a sealed tank, attaching an ultrasonic transducer to the surface of the sealed tank, and carrying out ultrasonic vibration treatment on lamp tube fragments in the sealed tank by using 20000HZ ultrasonic waves to separate solid impurities attached to the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments;
s2: introducing a cleaning solution into the sealing tank to continuously and circularly clean the lamp tube fragments for 1-2min, eluting solid impurities on the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments, draining clear liquid after cleaning is finished, and retaining the cleaned lamp tube fragments in the sealing tank;
s3: introducing an acid-containing solution into the sealing tank, wherein the mass ratio of the acid-containing solution to the lamp tube fragments is 1-2:1, soaking for 10-60s, leaching mercury-containing components on the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments by using the acid-containing solution, discharging the acid-containing solution, and retaining the acid-washed lamp tube fragments in the sealing tank;
s4: introducing pure water into the sealed tank to circularly wash the pickled lamp tube fragments for 2-5min, rinsing the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments by using the pure water to remove residual acid liquid and mercury-containing components, and after discharging the pure water, retaining the rinsed lamp tube fragments in the sealed tank;
s5: and (3) adding plasma generation equipment outside the sealed tank treated in the step S4, introducing mixed gas into the sealed tank filled with the rinsed lamp tube fragments, forming a reaction cavity in the sealed tank, applying 20-25KV alternating current voltage and 100-120W input power to the two opposite ends of the sealed tank under normal pressure to enable the mixed gas to discharge to generate plasma gas, wherein the time length is 1-5min, deeply cleaning mercury-containing components on the surfaces of the lamp tube fragments by using the plasma gas, and simultaneously guiding the lamp tube fragments to dry.
2. The harmless treatment method of the mercury-containing solid waste of the fluorescent lamp tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sealed tank comprises a tank body (1) made of ceramic material, electrode columns (16) for connecting the plasma generation equipment are arranged on two sides of the tank body (1), a first end enclosure (2) and a second end enclosure (3) are mounted at two ends of the tank body (1) through flange plates (4), a circumferential groove (5) is arranged on the joint surface of the first end enclosure (2), the second end enclosure (3) and the tank body (1), a sealing ring (6) is arranged in the circumferential groove (5), a liquid inlet (7) and a gas inlet (8) are arranged on the first end enclosure (2), a first valve (11) and a second valve (12) are respectively arranged on the liquid inlet (7) and the gas inlet (8), a liquid outlet (9) and a gas outlet (10) are arranged on the second end enclosure (3), a third valve (13) and a fourth valve (14) are respectively arranged on the liquid outlet (9) and, and an interception filter screen (15) is also arranged in the second end enclosure (3) and is used for filtering fragments of the lamp tube.
3. The harmless treatment method for the mercury-containing solid waste of the fluorescent lamp tube as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ceramic material of the tank body (1) is a mixture of silicon aluminum oxynitride and boron nitride.
4. The harmless treatment method for the mercury-containing solid waste of the fluorescent lamp tube as claimed in claim 2, wherein the center position of the inner side of the first sealing head (2) is further provided with a crushing cutter head (17), and the crushing cutter head (17) is driven by a crushing motor (18) positioned outside the first sealing head (2) and is used for crushing the fluorescent lamp tube.
5. The harmless treatment method of mercury-containing solid waste of fluorescent lamp tube as claimed in claim 2, wherein said plasma generating device comprises a high voltage electrode (19) and a ground electrode (20) fixedly connected to the outside of said can (1) through said electrode column (16), respectively, and a plasma generator (21) electrically connected to said high voltage electrode (19) and said ground electrode (20), and said ground electrode (20) is grounded.
6. The harmless treatment method for the mercury-containing solid waste of the fluorescent lamp tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cleaning solution is an aqueous solution of NaCl with a volume percentage concentration of 1-10%.
7. The harmless treatment method for the mercury-containing solid waste of the fluorescent lamp tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acid-containing solution comprises, in terms of volume percentage: 20-30% of nitric acid, 0.05% of sulfuric acid, 0.01% of sulfonic acid and the balance of pure water.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the volume of the fragments in the sealing can is 20-50%.
9. The harmless treatment method of mercury-containing solid waste of fluorescent lamp tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed gas is one or combination of any several of nitrogen, argon and helium, and the flow rate of the mixed gas is 60-100 ml/min.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN111672862A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-09-18 | 北控城市环境资源(宜昌)有限公司 | Disposal structure and disposal method for mercury-containing lamp tube |
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