CN111670962A - Day lily de-enzyming method and day lily automatic de-enzyming system - Google Patents
Day lily de-enzyming method and day lily automatic de-enzyming system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a day lily enzyme deactivating method and an automatic day lily enzyme deactivating system, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: introducing steam into the steaming room to enable the temperature in the steaming room to rise to a preset temperature range, and starting to calculate the accumulated heating time after the temperature rises to the preset temperature range; in the heating process, the temperature in the steaming room is kept within a preset temperature range, so that colchicine in the day lily is decomposed; in the heating process, the preset temperature range is 70-72 ℃, and the preset time is 6-8 minutes; and when the accumulated heating time of the day lily reaches a preset time, stopping heating the day lily. The water-removing system can accurately control the temperature in the steaming room, ensure the water-removing effect and ensure the color of the finished vegetables. The method adopts a specific temperature range, uses steam to de-enzym the day lily, can effectively destroy colchicine in the day lily, and avoids the problem of nutrient loss caused by reducing the toxicity by adopting an extraction process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural product processing, in particular to a day lily de-enzyming method and an automatic day lily de-enzyming system.
Background
Daylily (the scientific name is Hemerocallis Citrina), daylily, Hemerocallis Citrina, and nepenthes, belonging to liliales, and being perennial herbs in liliaceae, has the effects of stopping bleeding, relieving swelling, clearing heat and removing toxicity, and is a widely planted vegetable.
However, as a plant of the liliaceae family, natural fresh broccoli contains colchicine, and when a human body takes colchicine, it is oxidized in a human tissue to generate bicolchicine oxide. The bicolchicine oxide is a highly toxic substance, can poison the gastrointestinal tract and the urinary system of a human body and seriously threatens health. According to the research results of documents (Pan 28824c. study of the freshness retaining and health care functions of daylily [ D ]. Zhejiang university, 2006), poisoning can be caused when more than 100g of fresh daylily is eaten every time (the colchicine content reaches 0.1-0.2 mg). Therefore, the day lily needs to be de-enzymed before being eaten.
The method has two main functions of killing out the daylily: firstly, the colchicine content in the fresh daylily is reduced; secondly, the cells lose activity by heating, so as to avoid the deterioration of the day lily caused by respiratory consumption, enzymatic browning, flowering, microbial decay and the like. The whole of the green-removed day lily becomes soft and can be put into a material trolley to be pushed into a day lily dryer for drying operation. The dried daylily can be stored for a long time.
He hong Ping et al (He hong Ping, Liu Fu just mentioned. colchicine research progress [ J ]. Chinese herbal medicine, 1998,029(010): 712-. Panqing et al (Panqing, He Jing Kun. investigation of food poisoning by fresh broccoli together [ J ]. J. am. Med. 2001,007(006):60-60.) found that colchicine could be destroyed upon heating. Therefore, in the actual processing and production process of the day lily, the fresh day lily is subjected to green removing by high-temperature steam with the temperature of more than 60 ℃, so that the content of colchicine is reduced to be within the safe edible range.
The existing water-removing equipment is generally used for water-removing tea leaves and chrysanthemum, and the temperature range and the mechanical structure of the equipment are not suitable for water-removing of day lily. The temperature range of the tea leaf de-enzyming equipment is not suitable for de-enzyming the day lily. The enzyme deactivation of the tea leaves is realized by destroying and passivating the oxidase activity in the fresh tea leaves at high temperature, inhibiting the enzymatic oxidation of tea polyphenol and the like in the fresh tea leaves, evaporating partial water in the fresh tea leaves to soften the tea leaves, facilitating the rolling and shaping, simultaneously dispersing green odor and promoting the formation of good aroma, so that the requirement on the precision of the temperature is not high. In the water-removing process of the day lily, the day lily is steamed due to overhigh temperature, and the colchicine content cannot be fully reduced in the water-removing process due to overlow temperature.
Part of the existing day lily enzyme deactivating technology adopts a high-temperature rapid method to reduce the colchicine content, such as: high-temperature steam with the temperature of 95-98 ℃ is used for maintaining for 40-50 seconds. Although the method saves time, the high-temperature steam can destroy the nutrient components of the fresh daylily while reducing the colchicine content, and the daylily becomes black after being aired at high temperature, cannot keep bright yellow color and luster, and influences the quality of the finished daylily. From the subsequent sale of agricultural products, the dishes with full and bright colors are undoubtedly more favorable for sale.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a day lily enzyme deactivating method and a day lily automatic enzyme deactivating system aiming at the problems in the prior art, wherein the day lily enzyme deactivating method adopts a specific enzyme deactivating temperature range and enzyme deactivating duration, so that the nutrition and the grade of finished day lily can be fully ensured while colchicine is effectively reduced. The specific scheme is as follows:
a method for deactivating enzymes of day lily comprises the following steps:
(S1) introducing steam into the steaming room to enable the temperature in the steaming room to rise to a preset temperature range, and starting to calculate the accumulated heating time of the daylily after the temperature rises to the preset temperature range; the preset temperature range is 70-72 ℃;
(S2) in the heating process, the average temperature in the steaming room is required to reach a preset temperature range and be kept for a preset time length, so that the colchicine content in the daylily is reduced to be within a safe range; the preset time is 6-8 minutes, and the safety range is that the colchicine content in each 100g of fresh cauliflower is less than 0.2 mg;
(S3) when the average temperature inside the steam room is lower than the preset temperature range, the accumulative timing module pauses, and simultaneously increases the amount of high-temperature steam supplied until the average temperature rises back to the preset temperature range, and then the accumulative timing module resumes timing;
(S4) when the average temperature inside the steam room is higher than the preset temperature range, the integration timing module pauses, and simultaneously reduces the amount of high-temperature steam supplied until the average temperature falls back to the preset temperature range, and then the integration timing module resumes timing;
(S5) when the accumulated heating time of the day lily reaches a preset time, stopping supplying the high-temperature steam and giving out an audible and visual alarm.
A further improvement of the invention is that the temperature within the steaming chamber is controlled by a control assembly; a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged in the steaming room; the control component takes the average value of the measured values of the temperature sensors as the temperature in the steaming room.
The invention has the further improvement that a steam pipeline is arranged in the steaming room and is connected with a boiler; the steam pipeline is provided with an electromagnetic valve controlled by the control component, and the control component controls the steam flow of the steam pipeline introduced into the steaming room so as to control the temperature in the steaming room.
The invention is further improved in that a prompting device is arranged outside the steaming room, and when the accumulated heating time of the day lily reaches a preset time, the controller drives the prompting device to send a prompting message to a user so as to remind the user to take out the day lily in the steaming room.
In a further development of the invention, the stack of daylily has a thickness of 8cm to 10cm in the steaming chamber.
The invention also comprises an automatic water-removing system of the day lily, which comprises a steaming room and a control component;
a steam pipeline for introducing steam into the steaming room is arranged in the steaming room, and the steam pipeline is connected with a boiler through an electromagnetic valve; the electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the control assembly;
at least three temperature sensors are arranged in the steaming room, and the temperature sensors are arranged at intervals and are in communication connection with the control assembly;
evaporate the room outside be provided with the suggestion device that control assembly connects, suggestion device includes display screen and alarm lamp.
In a further development of the invention, the control assembly comprises an Arduino module, I2A multiplexer, a relay and a power supply module; arduino module passes through I2The C multiplexer is in communication connection with each temperature sensor; arduino module passes through relay control alarm lamp, controls the steam admission volume through the solenoid valve.
The invention is further improved in that the control assembly comprises a power input junction box and a power module connected with the power input junction box; and the emergency stop switch and the master control switch are electrically connected with the power input junction box.
The invention is further improved in that a goods shelf is arranged in the steaming room, and the goods shelf comprises a plurality of transverse partition plates for paving and stacking the daylily.
The invention has the advantages that: the temperature in the steaming room is accurately controlled, and a specific water-removing temperature range and water-removing duration are adopted, so that the nutrition and the taste of the finished vegetables can be fully ensured while colchicine is effectively reduced. The invention can solve the problems of low manual operation precision and large control error in the existing day lily enzyme deactivating process.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a steam room;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a steam room;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control assembly;
fig. 4 is an external view of the control box.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the day lily enzyme deactivating method implemented by the invention is implemented by an automatic day lily enzyme deactivating system, which comprises a steaming room 1 and a control assembly 2.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the steam room 1 can be modified by an existing house, or can be a special board room or a steam room with an insulating layer. The steam room 1 should be kept sealed except for the door for entrance and exit. The steam room 1 is internally provided with a steam pipeline 3 for introducing steam into the steam room 1, and the steam pipeline 3 is connected with the boiler through an electromagnetic valve 4. Solenoid valve 4 is used for adjusting the flow that steam conduit 3 let in steam to evaporating room 1, and solenoid valve 4 and control assembly 2 electric connection, control assembly 2 can evaporate the temperature in the room 1 through control solenoid valve 4 control.
At least three temperature sensors 5 are arranged in the steaming room 1, and the temperature sensors 5 are arranged at intervals and are in communication connection with the control component 2. The control unit 2 measures the temperature in the steam room 1 by the temperature sensors 5, and since there may be a difference in temperature at a position in the steam room 1, the control unit 2 takes the average value of the temperature sensors 5 as the temperature in the steam room.
In the present embodiment, the control unit 2 is provided in the control box. The control assembly 2 comprises an Arduino module 8, I2C-multiplexer 9, relay 10 and power module 11. Arduino module 8 passes through I2The C multiplexer 9 is in communication connection with each temperature sensor 5; the Arduino module 8 controls the solenoid valve 4 and the warning lamp 7 via a relay 10.
The control component 2 comprises a power input junction box 12 and a power module 11 connected with the power input junction box; an emergency stop switch 14 and a master control switch 13 are electrically connected with the power input distribution box 12. The master control switch 13 and the emergency stop switch 14 are both arranged on the surface of the control box, the master control switch 13 is used for controlling the power supply of the whole system, and the emergency stop switch 14 is used for enabling the system to be stopped emergently.
The display screen 6 and the alarm lamp 7 of the prompting device are also arranged on the surface of the control box, and the display screen 6 is an HMI touch serial port screen and used for interacting with a user. The warning lamp 7 includes a red lamp and a green lamp for indicating that the water-removing is in progress and that the water-removing is completed, respectively.
In one embodiment, the power module 11 is connected with a 5V distribution box and a 12V distribution box; the 5V junction box is an Arduino module 8, a temperature sensor 5 and an I2The C multiplexer 9 supplies power to the HMI touch serial screen 6. The 12V junction box supplies power for the alarm lamp. The Arduino module 8 has a timing function. Each control assembly 2 may control a plurality of steaming compartments 1.
In the process of completing, control assembly 2 control solenoid valve 4 opens, lets steam get into and evaporates room 1 and begins to carry out the processing of completing to day lily, when evaporating the room in the current temperature reach preset temperature after, the time-recorder can begin the timing and close the solenoid valve simultaneously. If the midway temperature falls back to be lower than the preset temperature, timing is suspended, the electromagnetic valve is opened again, and timing is continued and the electromagnetic valve is closed after the temperature rises back to the preset temperature. After the accumulated time reaches the preset time, a green lamp in the alarm lamp 7 flickers, and the display screen 6 displays corresponding prompt information to remind a worker to recover the daylily.
Day lily de-enzyming flowWhen the program is started, the system can start to work only by turning on the master control switch 13 on the surface of the control box, the temperature sensor 5 can continuously acquire the current temperature of the steam room 1 according to a set time interval after being electrified, and the temperature sensor I passes through2 C multiplexer 9 passes to Arduino module 8, and Arduino module 8 sends display screen 6 after with the temperature data code, and display screen 6 can show all current temperatures of steam room 1 in real time. The worker only needs to set the water-removing temperature threshold and the water-removing time threshold of each steaming room 1 through the display screen 6 and click to start. The display screen 6 will then send the set data to the Arduino module 8, and the Arduino module 8 will distinguish which steam room 1 is about to start working by receiving the steam room identifier carried by the end of the data. Then, the Arduino module 8 controls the red light of the steaming room to flash and simultaneously opens the solenoid valve of the steaming room so that the steam enters the steaming room. The Arduino module 8 averages the data collected by the three temperature sensors of the steam room 1 to represent the current average temperature of the steam room 1. The Arduino module 8 will continuously compare the current temperature with a preset de-enzyming temperature range to determine whether the current temperature is within the de-enzyming temperature range. Simultaneously, the Arduino module 8 controls the steam flow introduced into the steam room 1 through the control electromagnetic valve 4, so that the temperature in the steam room 1 is controlled. In the water-removing process, the red lamp in the alarm lamp 7 is normally on, and after the water-removing process is finished, the green lamp in the alarm lamp 7 flickers to prompt a worker that the water-removing process is finished and the day lily should be taken out.
In this embodiment, steam room 1 is inside to be provided with the goods shelves, and the goods shelves include a plurality of along horizontal setting, be used for supplying day lily to spread out the baffle of piling up. The partition board can be made of air-permeable wood board, or perforated net board or wire netting.
In this embodiment, the temperature in the room is evaporated in real time to a plurality of temperature sensor through distributing in evaporating the room to this guarantees the accurate control of temperature. Meanwhile, the water-removing operation is automatically completed by the control system, so that errors caused by manual operation are avoided, the colchicine content in the day lily is reduced within a safety range, and the day lily is prevented from being steamed and overcooked.
The embodiment of the invention also comprises a method for deactivating enzymes of day lily, which comprises the following steps:
(S1) placing the daylily on a shelf inside the steaming room 1; the water-removing parameters are set through the control component 2, and the water-removing parameters comprise a temperature range and preset duration; after the setting is finished, introducing steam into the steaming room 1 to enable the average temperature in the steaming room 1 to rise to a preset temperature range (70-72 ℃), and then controlling the component 2 to start to calculate the accumulated heating time;
(S2) in the continuous heating process, the control assembly 2 adjusts the flow of the introduced steam to enable the average temperature inside the steaming room to reach a preset temperature range (70-72 ℃) and keeps the average temperature for a preset time (6-8 minutes) so as to reduce the colchicine content in the daylily to be within a safe range (the colchicine content in each 100g of fresh daylily is less than 0.1-0.2 mg);
(S3) when the average temperature inside the steam room is lower than the preset temperature range, the accumulative timing module pauses, and simultaneously increases the amount of high-temperature steam supplied until the average temperature rises back to the preset temperature range, and then the accumulative timing module resumes timing; when the average temperature in the steam room is higher than the preset temperature range, the accumulative timing module pauses, reduces the air supply amount of high-temperature steam at the same time until the average temperature falls back to the preset temperature range, and then the accumulative timing module resumes timing;
for the manufacturing process of the present invention, the long-term fall-back of the average temperature of the steam room is not acceptable. The reduction rate of the colchicine content is positively correlated with the temperature in the steaming room 1, when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature range, the reduction rate of the colchicine content can exponentially drop, and then the actual content of the colchicine is not reduced to the safe range after the water-removing procedure is finished, so that the safety and the edible quality of the finished food are seriously influenced. Thus, if the temperature in the steaming chamber 1 falls below a predetermined temperature range, for example: and (3) temporarily breaking down the boiler, accidentally opening a door of the steaming room 1 and the like to cause temperature drop, pausing to calculate the accumulated heating time, and increasing the steam inlet flow as soon as possible until the temperature in the steaming room 1 rises to a preset temperature range, and continuing to calculate the accumulated heating time. In this way, the accumulated heating time of the day lily can reach the preset time.
(S5) when the accumulated heating time of the day lily reaches a preset time, the control assembly 2 stops heating the day lily and gives out an acousto-optic alarm.
In the embodiment, a plurality of temperature sensors 5 are arranged in the steam room; the control assembly 2 takes the average of the measured values of the temperature sensors 5 as the temperature in the steam room 1, so that a more accurate temperature value can be obtained.
The thickness of the day lily spreading materials in the steaming tray also influences the removal of colchicine, and if the day lily spreading materials are too thick, the day lily in the middle layer is difficult to be sufficiently heated, so that the day lily is not uniformly heated. In this example, the spread of daylily on the shelf was 8-10cm thick.
In the specific implementation process, the weight of the daylily only influences the time required for heating to the preset temperature, and because the temperature is measured by the multiple sensors, when the thermometer displays that the temperature is increased to the preset temperature, the daylily in the steaming room can be uniformly heated, and the relationship between the temperature and the parameters such as the weight is not large when the temperature reaches the preset temperature.
Tests prove that when the quantity, the temperature and the time meet the requirements, the colchicine content of the hemerocallis citrina baroni after the hemerocallis citrina baroni is de-enzymed can be reduced to be within a safe range, the nutrition can be retained to the maximum extent, meanwhile, the hemerocallis citrina baroni can also show bright yellow after being aired, the quality of finished hemerocallis is improved, and the follow-up sale is facilitated. And if the temperature is too high or the time is too long, the color of the day lily becomes black after being aired, the nutrition loss is caused, and the quality of the finished day lily is poor. If the water-removing time is not enough, the colchicine content is too high, the food is unsafe to eat, the color of the finished vegetables becomes white after the vegetables are aired, and the quality of the finished vegetables is also influenced.
The method can be installed and implemented in a plurality of day lily planting bases, field tests have been carried out on the day lily planting bases in Ningxia Yanchi county, and the effect is expected. The low-temperature enzyme-deactivating daylily can retain the nutrient components of the daylily to the maximum extent, and can also generate better bright yellow color after being dried. And because the temperature needs to be increased by steam in the temperature rising process, in a large-scale planting and processing base, because the automation degree is insufficient and the assembly line process cannot be perfectly realized, only one box can be used for enzyme deactivation treatment, so that the very frequent temperature rising and reducing processes can be generated, and the temperature of about 70 ℃ can be reached more easily than the high temperature of 95-98 ℃. Experiments prove that after the day lily is put into a green removing room, the temperature is increased from the normal temperature to about 70 ℃ for about 30 minutes, and if the temperature is increased to 90 ℃, the temperature may be increased to about 50 minutes (the temperature difference between the temperature and the room temperature is larger, the heat radiation is stronger, the heat loss is quicker, so the temperature increase time of 70-90 ℃ is very long, and resources are very wasted). Because there is no automated equipment, it is difficult to maintain daylily at 90 ℃ or above for 40 seconds, and maintaining high temperatures of 95 ℃ or above is difficult to achieve. Therefore, in large-scale production, the low-temperature enzyme deactivation at about 70 ℃ is obviously wider in application range than the high-temperature enzyme deactivation at 95 ℃, and the needed infrastructure is less. Is more suitable for application and popularization in rural areas.
The above description is of the preferred embodiment of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, in that devices and structures not described in detail are understood to be implemented in a manner common in the art; those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the spirit of the invention, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.
Claims (9)
1. A method for deactivating enzymes of day lily is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(S1) introducing steam into the steaming room to enable the temperature in the steaming room to rise to a preset temperature range, and starting to calculate the accumulated heating time of the daylily after the temperature rises to the preset temperature range; the preset temperature range is 70-72 ℃;
(S2) in the heating process, the average temperature in the steaming room is required to reach a preset temperature range and be kept for a preset time length, so that the colchicine content in the daylily is reduced to be within a safe range; the preset time is 6-8 minutes, and the safety range is that the colchicine content in each 100g of fresh cauliflower is less than 0.2 mg;
(S3) when the average temperature inside the steam room is lower than the preset temperature range, the accumulative timing module pauses, and simultaneously increases the amount of high-temperature steam supplied until the average temperature rises back to the preset temperature range, and then the accumulative timing module resumes timing;
(S4) when the average temperature inside the steam room is higher than the preset temperature range, the integration timing module pauses, and simultaneously reduces the amount of high-temperature steam supplied until the average temperature falls back to the preset temperature range, and then the integration timing module resumes timing;
(S5) when the accumulated heating time of the day lily reaches a preset time, stopping supplying the high-temperature steam and giving out an audible and visual alarm.
2. The method for deactivating enzymes of daylily of claim 1, wherein the temperature in the steaming chamber is controlled by a control assembly; a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged in the steaming room; the control component takes the average value of the measured values of the temperature sensors as the temperature in the steaming room.
3. The method for deactivating enzymes of daylily according to claim 2, wherein a steam pipeline is arranged in the steaming chamber and connected with a boiler; the steam pipeline is provided with an electromagnetic valve controlled by the control component, and the control component controls the steam flow of the steam pipeline introduced into the steaming room so as to control the temperature in the steaming room.
4. The method for deactivating enzymes of day lily as claimed in claim 2, wherein a prompting device is arranged outside the steaming room, and when the accumulated heating time of the day lily reaches a preset time, the controller drives the prompting device to send a prompting message to a user so as to prompt the user to take out the day lily in the steaming room.
5. The method for killing daylily according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the stack of daylily in the steaming room is 8-10 cm.
6. An automatic day lily enzyme deactivating system for executing the day lily enzyme deactivating method of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a steaming room and a control assembly;
a steam pipeline for introducing steam into the steaming room is arranged in the steaming room, and the steam pipeline is connected with a boiler through an electromagnetic valve; the electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the control assembly;
at least three temperature sensors are arranged in the steaming room, and the temperature sensors are arranged at intervals and are in communication connection with the control assembly;
evaporate the room outside be provided with the suggestion device that control assembly connects, suggestion device includes display screen and alarm lamp.
7. The automatic system of completing of day lily of claim 6 wherein said control assembly comprises Arduino module, I2A multiplexer, a relay and a power supply module; arduino module passes through I2The C multiplexer is in communication connection with each temperature sensor; arduino module passes through relay control alarm lamp, controls the steam admission volume through the solenoid valve.
8. The automatic water-removing system for day lily of claim 7, wherein the control assembly comprises a power input junction box and a power module connected with the power input junction box; and the emergency stop switch and the master control switch are electrically connected with the power input junction box.
9. The automatic day lily enzyme deactivating system of claim 7, wherein a storage rack is arranged inside the steaming room, and the storage rack comprises a plurality of transverse partition plates for day lily to be spread and stacked.
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| CN202010542442.4A CN111670962A (en) | 2020-06-15 | 2020-06-15 | Day lily de-enzyming method and day lily automatic de-enzyming system |
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Application publication date: 20200918 |