CN111670801A - Method for improving fruit setting rate of schima superba - Google Patents
Method for improving fruit setting rate of schima superba Download PDFInfo
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- CN111670801A CN111670801A CN202010639764.0A CN202010639764A CN111670801A CN 111670801 A CN111670801 A CN 111670801A CN 202010639764 A CN202010639764 A CN 202010639764A CN 111670801 A CN111670801 A CN 111670801A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
Abstract
A method for improving fruit setting rate of schima superba belongs to the technical field of plant pollination. The cross pollination method comprises (1) uniformly spraying hormone on the tree body within 24h before pollination; (2) preparing a male parent: wrapping the flowering branch pollination bag, collecting flowers bloomed by the male parent, and using the pollen sac for pollination after pollen is scattered; (3) preparation of a female parent: thinning flowers and buds, and cutting off petals and stamens for pollination; (4) pollination: the pollen-dispersed flowers of the male parent are smeared on all stigma of the female parent at one time, sleeved in a pollination bag for 7d and retreated, and pollination is completed. The natural pollination method comprises spraying hormone to the tree body twice before the flowers of the schima superba are placed. The invention improves the hormone treatment and pollination method in the prior art, achieves the average increase of the fruit setting rate of artificial pollination by 92.4 percent and the average decrease of the fruit dropping rate by 95 percent, and is beneficial to improving the seed yield of the schima superba. The fruit setting rate of the natural pollination of the schima superba is averagely improved by 65 percent, and the fruit dropping rate is averagely reduced by 52 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant pollination, and particularly relates to a method for improving fruit setting rate of schima superba.
Background
Manihot (A)Schima superba) Is an evergreen broad-leaved big arbor of the genus Lobaria of the family Theaceae, is a main species for establishing subtropical zone evergreen broad-leaved forests, and is widely distributed in 12 provinces of Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan and the like in China. The tree trunk is straight, the wood is firm, heavy and compact, the structure is uniform, the mechanical property is good, and the wood is a high-quality material for buildings, equipment, wooden crafts and the like. Meanwhile, the schima superba is also a biological fireproof tree species and an important ecological protection tree species which are mainly planted in south China, and is the most widely distributed and utilized tree species except poplar trees and eucalyptus trees in China.
The schima superba is an amphoteric flower, a general inflorescence (7 flowers are grown on 1 branch on average), a small flower (about 3 cm) and a large flower quantity. The duration of the florescence of the colony is from 5 to 7 in the middle of the month, and the lifetime of a single flower is 4-5 days. The inactivation of the schima superba pollen is fast, and the vitality is high just after opening. The method mainly uses the cross breeding, but the seed setting rate of natural pollination and artificial pollination is low, the flower and fruit dropping is serious, the yield of the seed orchard is not high, and the artificial hybridization is difficult. Early studies show that the fruit setting rate of the natural pollination and artificial pollination of the schima superba is about 45% on average.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention patent with the publication number of CN104885923A discloses that the fruit setting rate is improved by creating new germplasm of schima superba, breeding excellent varieties and selecting different parental combinations. However, the fruit set rate of not all the parent combinations can meet the requirement, and the breeding of the parent combinations with high fruit set rate wastes time and labor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention is directed to a method for improving fruit set percentage of schima superba. The method improves by spraying different hormones and late pollination, and improves the fruit setting rate of the artificial hybridization pollination of the schima superba by 34 to 113 percent compared with the prior art. The fruit setting rate of the natural pollination of the schima superba is averagely improved by 65 percent, and the fruit dropping rate is averagely reduced by 52 percent.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the fruit setting rate of hybrid pollination of schima superba is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting clear weather, and uniformly spraying hormone including GA on tree body within 24h before pollination3One or more of NAA, 6-BA and MeJA;
(2) preparing a male parent: wrapping the flowering branch with buds and removed flowers with pollination bags, collecting the flowers bloomed by the male parent on the next day, airing in the shade, and using for pollination after pollen sac looses powder;
(3) preparation of a female parent: selecting branches with flowers which are not bloomed, thinning flowers and thinning buds, cutting off buds with bloomed flowers of female parents and green branches and ends, reserving 3-8 buds for one branch, pricking all bases 1/3 of the buds through a pair of sharp scissors after the buds turn white and are softened by hand, cutting off petals and stamens around a style, and then pollinating;
(4) pollination: and (3) smearing all stigma of the female parent obtained in the step (3) with the pollen-dispersed flowers of the male parent obtained in the step (2) at one time until the stigma becomes yellow, sleeving the whole flowering branch into a pollination bag, and retreating for 7 days to finish pollination.
The method for improving the fruit setting rate of hybrid pollination of schima superba is characterized in that the hormone in the step (1) comprises 50mg/L GA3、10mg/L NAA、100mg/L NAA、20mg/L 6-BA、10uM/L MeJA、50mg/L GA3+10mg/LNAA、10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA、50mg/LGA3+10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA、50mg/L GA3+10mg/LNAA +10uM/L MeJA, 10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA +10uM/L MeJA or 50mg/LGA3+10mg/LNAA+20mg/L6-BA+10uM/L MeJA。
The method for improving the fruit set percentage of the cross pollination of the schima superba is characterized in that the hormones comprise 10mg/LNAA, 20mg/L6-BA, 10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA and 50mg/L GA3+10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA or 50mg/LGA3+10mg/LNAA+20mg/L6-BA+10uM/L MeJA。
The method for improving the fruit setting rate of hybrid pollination of the schima superba is characterized in that the hormone comprises 20mg/L6-BA or 20mg/L6-BA +10mg/L NAA.
The method for improving the fruit setting rate of hybrid pollination of schima superba is characterized in that the hormone 20mg/L6-BA is used for spraying tree bodies with weak tree vigor and small flower quantity or tree body gardens sprayed in a large area, and the hormone 10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA is used for spraying tree bodies with medium tree vigor and large flower quantity.
A method for improving the fruit setting rate of natural pollination of schima superba is characterized in that before the schima superba flowers are placed, clear weather is selected, hormone is sprayed on the tree body twice, the time interval of spraying twice is 3-5 days, and the hormone comprises GA3One or more of NAA, 6-BA and MeJA.
The method for improving the fruit setting rate of natural pollination of the schima superba is characterized in that the hormone comprises 50mg/LGA3、10mg/L NAA、100mg/L NAA、20mg/L 6-BA、10uM/L MeJA、50mg/L GA3+10mg/L NAA、10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA、50mg/LGA3+10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA、50mg/L GA3+10mg/L NAA +10uM/L MeJA, 10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA +10uM/L MeJA or 50mg/LGA3+10mg/LNAA+20mg/L6-BA+10uM/L MeJA。
The method for improving the fruit setting rate of natural cross pollination of the schima superba is characterized in that the hormones comprise 10mg/LNAA, 20mg/L6-BA, 10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA and 50mg/L GA3+10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA or 50mg/L GA3+10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA+10uM/L MeJA。
The method for improving the fruit setting rate of natural pollination of the schima superba is characterized in that the hormone comprises 20mg/L6-BA or 20mg/L6-BA +10mg/L NAA.
The method for improving the fruit setting rate of natural pollination of the schima superba is characterized in that the hormone 20mg/L6-BA is used for spraying tree bodies with weak tree vigor and small flower quantity or tree body gardens sprayed in a large area, and the hormone 10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA is used for spraying tree bodies with medium tree vigor and large flower quantity.
The invention improves the hormone treatment and pollination method in the prior art, the fruit setting rate of artificial pollination is averagely improved by 92.4 percent, the fruit drop rate is averagely reduced by 95 percent, and the invention is beneficial to improving the seed yield of the schima superba. The fruit setting rate of the natural pollination of the schima superba is averagely improved by 65 percent, and the fruit dropping rate is averagely reduced by 52 percent.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1:
1. hormone spraying treatment is carried out in sunny weather within 24 hours before pollination.
Experiment set 12 treatments (table 1), 2 clones (77 # weak growth potential; 96 # strong growth potential) with large tree growth difference were selected and respectively subjected to artificial pollination experiment.
TABLE 1 hormone settings table
Preparing a mother solution with hormone, diluting, wherein the concentration of the mother solution is GA31mg/ml, NAA1mg/ml, 6-BA 1mg/ml, MeJA100 uM/ml. The concentration of the mother liquor can be changed according to actual needs. After the hormone is diluted to the use concentration, the hormone is uniformly sprayed on the tree body including leaves, branch sections, flower buds and other parts by a spray can.
2. The next day, at around 10:00 am in sunny and windless, collecting flowers blooming by male parent (the flowering branches with buds are wrapped by pollination bags in the previous day, the bloomed flowers are removed, and the pollen is prevented from being polluted by insects), drying in the shade, and after pollen sac looses pollen, the pollen sac can be used for pollination.
3. When pollinating, female parent selects flowers which are not opened. The schima superba flowers grow in clusters, 5-15 flowers can grow on one flower branch, the maturity of the flowers is different in the morning and evening, and flower and bud thinning work is required before pollination: removing buds with flowers and green branches with scissors, and reserving 3-8 buds on one branch. The retained buds need to be whitened, and then are kneaded and softened by hands, so that pollination can be carried out.
4. The small scissors with long and sharp cut are used to pierce the base 1/3 of bud and cut the petals and stamen around the style in a certain direction without touching the style. The buds to be pollinated can be cut off at one time (the cutting time is just waiting for pollen to be scattered), and then all stigma can be smeared with pollen-scattered flowers at one time to ensure complete pollination (the stigma is yellow).
5. Then, a large pollination bag is used for sleeving a plurality of flowering branches into the bag in one time without damaging the stigma. After 7 days, the pollination bag can be removed.
6. The fruit setting rate and the fruit drop rate are counted after half a month and one month, and the result shows that the hormone proportioning effect is the best by adopting the combination of 6-BA20mg/L or 6-BA20mg/L and NAA 10mg/L (table 2), the fruit setting rate is improved by 34-113%, and the fruit drop rate is averagely reduced by 95%. Wherein, 20mg/L of 6-BA can be used for trees with weak tree vigor and less flower quantity; 10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA, can be used for trees with moderate tree vigor and more flower quantity. For large-area spraying of a general seed orchard, 20mg/L6-BA can be selected for operation.
TABLE 2 statistical table of fruit set percentage for hormone treatment
Wherein: 1: GA350 mg/L；2: NAA 10 mg/L；3: NAA 100mg/L；4: 6-BA 20mg/L；5: MeJA10uM/L；6: GA350mg/L +NAA 10 mg/L；7: 6-BA 20mg/L + NAA 10 mg/L；8: GA350mg/L +NAA 10 mg/L + 6-BA 20mg/L；9: GA350mg/L + NAA 10 mg/L + MeJA 10uM/L；10: 6-BA20mg/L + NAA 10 mg/L + MeJA 10uM/L；11: GA350mg/L + NAA 10mg/L + 6-BA20mg/L + MeJA10 uM/L; 12, control, no spraying.
Example 2:
during natural pollination, before the flowers of the schima superba are placed (in the middle ten days of 5 months), spraying tree body hormones for 2 times respectively at the concentration of 6-BA20mg/L in sunny weather, wherein the spraying time interval is 3-5 days. The fruit setting situation is counted by 15 days and 30 days, the fruit setting rate is averagely improved by 65 percent, and the fruit drop rate is averagely reduced by 52 percent.
The same natural pollination method as above was used, and the same combination of hormones as in table 1 of example 1 was selected, and the results of fruit set and fruit drop rate were the same as the results obtained with the corresponding cross pollination method.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the fruit setting rate of hybrid pollination of schima superba is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting clear weather, and uniformly spraying hormone including GA on tree body within 24h before pollination3One or more of NAA, 6-BA and MeJA;
(2) preparing a male parent: wrapping the flowering branch with buds and removed flowers with pollination bags, collecting the flowers bloomed by the male parent on the next day, airing in the shade, and using for pollination after pollen sac looses powder;
(3) preparation of a female parent: selecting branches with flowers which are not bloomed, thinning flowers and thinning buds, cutting off buds with bloomed flowers of female parents and green branches and ends, reserving 3-8 buds for one branch, pricking all bases 1/3 of the buds through a pair of sharp scissors after the buds turn white and are softened by hand, cutting off petals and stamens around a style, and then pollinating;
(4) pollination: and (3) smearing all stigma of the female parent obtained in the step (3) with the pollen-dispersed flowers of the male parent obtained in the step (2) at one time until the stigma becomes yellow, sleeving the whole flowering branch into a pollination bag, and retreating for 7 days to finish pollination.
2. The method for improving fruit set percentage in cross pollination of schima superba as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hormone in step (1) comprises 50mg/L GA3、10mg/L NAA、100mg/L NAA、20mg/L 6-BA、10uM/L MeJA、50mg/L GA3+10mg/L NAA、10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA、50mg/LGA3+10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA、50mg/L GA3+10mg/L NAA +10uM/L MeJA, 10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA +10uM/L MeJA or 50mg/LGA3+10mg/LNAA+20mg/L6-BA+10uM/L MeJA。
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the hormones comprise 10mg/L NAA, 20mg/L6-BA, 10mg/L NAA +20mg/LL 6-BA、50mg/L GA3+10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA or 50mg/LGA3+10mg/LNAA+20mg/L6-BA+10uM/L MeJA。
4. The method for improving fruit set percentage in cross pollination of schima superba as claimed in claim 3, wherein said hormone comprises 20mg/L6-BA or 20mg/L6-BA +10mg/L NAA.
5. The method for improving the fruit setting rate of hybrid pollination of schima superba as claimed in claim 4, wherein said hormone 20mg/L6-BA is used for spraying weak trees or trees with less flowers or trees with large area spraying, and said hormone 10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA is used for spraying trees with medium tree vigor and more flowers.
6. A method for improving the fruit setting rate of natural pollination of schima superba is characterized in that before the schima superba flowers are placed, clear weather is selected, hormone is sprayed on the tree body twice, the time interval of spraying twice is 3-5 days, and the hormone comprises GA3One or more of NAA, 6-BA and MeJA.
7. The method for improving the fruit set percentage of natural pollination of schima superba as claimed in claim 6, wherein said hormone comprises 50mg/L GA3、10mg/L NAA、100mg/L NAA、20mg/L 6-BA、10uM/L MeJA、50mg/L GA3+10mg/LNAA、10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA、50mg/LGA3+10mg/L NAA+20mg/L 6-BA、50mg/L GA3+10mg/LNAA +10uM/L MeJA, 10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA +10uM/L MeJA or 50mg/LGA3+10mg/LNAA+20mg/L6-BA+10uM/L MeJA。
8. The method for improving fruit set percentage in natural cross pollination of schima superba as claimed in claim 7, wherein said hormones include 10mg/L NAA, 20mg/L6-BA, 10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA, 50mg/L GA3+10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA or 50mg/L GA3+10mg/L NAA+20mg/L6-BA+10uM/L MeJA。
9. The method for improving the fruit set percentage in natural pollination of schima superba as claimed in claim 8, wherein said hormone comprises 20mg/L6-BA or 20mg/L6-BA +10mg/L NAA.
10. The method for improving the fruit setting rate of natural pollination of the schima superba as claimed in claim 9, wherein the hormone 20mg/L6-BA is used for spraying the trees with weak vigor and little flowers or the trees with large area spraying, and the hormone 10mg/L NAA +20mg/L6-BA is used for spraying the trees with medium vigor and much flowers.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012153860A1 (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2012-11-15 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Method for promoting plant growth |
| CN103299897A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-09-18 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Controlled pollination method for theaceae plants |
| CN104885923A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-09-09 | 福建省林业科学研究院 | Schimacrenata crossbreeding method |
-
2020
- 2020-07-06 CN CN202010639764.0A patent/CN111670801A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012153860A1 (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2012-11-15 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Method for promoting plant growth |
| CN103299897A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-09-18 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Controlled pollination method for theaceae plants |
| CN104885923A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-09-09 | 福建省林业科学研究院 | Schimacrenata crossbreeding method |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
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| 朱立新等: "《园艺通论》", 30 April 2015, 中国农业大学出版社 * |
| 汪安琳: "植物激素在木本植物上的应用", 《林业实用技术》 * |
| 潘瑞炽等: "《植物生长调节剂：原理与应用》", 31 August 2007, 广东高等教育出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20200918 |