CN111668571A - 一种电池模块 - Google Patents

一种电池模块 Download PDF

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CN111668571A
CN111668571A CN202010463455.2A CN202010463455A CN111668571A CN 111668571 A CN111668571 A CN 111668571A CN 202010463455 A CN202010463455 A CN 202010463455A CN 111668571 A CN111668571 A CN 111668571A
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battery
oil
heat pipe
battery box
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裴波
代化
秦江
王磊
樊志民
王洋洋
胡浩源
卢鑫
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Harbin Institute of Technology
Wuhan Institute of Marine Electric Propulsion China Shipbuilding Industry Corp No 712 Institute CSIC
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Wuhan Institute of Marine Electric Propulsion China Shipbuilding Industry Corp No 712 Institute CSIC
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种电池模块,包括电池箱以及直列排布于电池箱内的多个圆柱形电芯,所述的电池箱内填充有导热阻燃油,电池箱设置有进出口,电芯间的空隙插设有热管,热管的伸出端没入电芯外的导热阻燃油中;电池组高温时,电池组空隙中的油与电芯换热,热管插入端作为蒸发端将空隙中油的热量传给伸出端,伸出端作为冷凝端再将热量传给从电池箱进口流入的冷态油,换热后的油流出电池箱将热量带走。电池组需要预热时,热管蒸发端和冷凝端互换,流入的热态油将热量传给热管,热管加热空隙中的油进而使电池升温。本发明利用了圆柱形电池直列排布成组时的固有空隙,体积能量密度损失较小,实现了快速控温和均温并提高了阻燃防爆能力。

Description

一种电池模块
技术领域
本发明属于电池热管理技术领域,具体涉及一种基于圆柱形电芯的电池模块。
背景技术
锂离子电池具有快速充电、比能量高、大电流放电等优点作为动力电源被广泛应用于新能源汽车、船舶等领域,但是随着使用量的增加,安全问题越来越凸显,锂离子电池适合的工作温度一般为0~40℃,当温度高于工作区间时,电池的性能将发生较快衰减,电池组温度的不均匀性也会使性能受到影响,极端情况下将导致热失控等安全事故,电池的热管理问题日益受到重视。
在实际应用中,对大功率的需求使电池向着成组使用、模块化方向发展。电池成组之后,其表面积与体积之比相对减小,电池组内部热量不能被及时转移,造成电池组内局部温度过高,严重的进而发生热失控甚至失火等危险情况,因此要在模块内部相邻电池间留出空隙布置散热件,目前常见的方法是在电池空隙中布置液流管道,但是这样做相当于增加了电池组的体积,导致模块体积能量密度变小。
因此急需发明一种在不过分牺牲体积能量密度的前提下能及时散热均温并具有防爆阻燃性能的电池模块。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于根据现有技术的不足,提供一种电池模块,利用圆柱形电池直列成组时固有的空隙嵌入热管,将电池成组时的体积能量密度损失控制在很小的范围内,以提高系统的紧凑性。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种电池模块,包括电池箱以及直列排布于电池箱内的多个圆柱形电芯,所述的电池箱内填充有导热阻燃油,导热阻燃油完全浸没电芯,电池箱两侧分别设置有进出口,电芯间的空隙插设有热管,热管的插入端位于电芯空隙内与空隙中的导热阻燃油接触,热管的伸出端没入电芯外的导热阻燃油中,热管的导热系数大于导热阻燃油的导热系数,导热阻燃油的导热系数大于空气。
所述的一种电池模块,其导热阻燃油为硅油。
所述的一种电池模块,其导热阻燃油完全充满电池箱。
所述的一种电池模块,其热管是一个一侧为冷凝端、一侧为蒸发端的圆柱管。
所述的一种电池模块,其电池箱的进出口设置在伸出端一侧。
本发明的有益效果是:利用热管的高效导热特性将电芯热量快速转移,导热阻燃油一方面作为传热介质将热量带出电池箱,另一方面作为阻燃剂提高整个系统的防爆性能,巧妙的利用了圆柱形电芯的结构特点将热管嵌入,体积能量密度牺牲很小,极大提高了系统的紧凑性,而且结构简单、布置方便。运行过程中,只需要控制电池箱进口的导热阻燃油温度,当电池组温度较高时,通入冷态的导热阻燃油与热管进行换热,使电池组温度降低;当电池组需要预热时,通入热态的导热阻燃油与热管进行换热,使电池组升温。
附图说明
图1为本发明的内部结构图;
图2为本发明的俯视图;
图3为本发明电芯的排列结构示意图;
图4为本发明热管的结构示意图;
图5为单根热管与电芯相对位置关系示意图;
图6为多根热管插入电池组空隙中的示意图。
各附图标记为:1—电池箱,2—热管,3—导热阻燃油,4—电芯,5—冷凝端,6—蒸发端,7—伸出端,8—插入端。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
如图1、图2所示,本发明具体涉及一种结合热管与导热阻燃油进行预热/冷却来实现热管理的电池模块,由电池箱1、热管2、导热阻燃油3、电芯4组成。所述电池组直列排布方式如图3所示。
所述的电池箱1内填充有导热阻燃油3,导热阻燃油3完全浸没电芯4,电池箱1两侧分别设置有进出口,导热阻燃油3经电池箱1进出口流进流出,电芯4间的空隙插设有热管2,热管2的插入端8位于电芯4空隙内,与空隙中的导热阻燃油3接触,热管2的伸出端7留在电芯4外的导热阻燃油3中,如图5和图6所示。
所述的热管2是一个一侧为冷凝端5、一侧为蒸发端6的圆柱管,如图4所示,在电池组处于高温需要散热时,蒸发端为插入端8,冷凝端为伸出端7,对高温电池组进行冷,在电池组需要预热时,蒸发端为伸出端7,冷凝端为插入端8,对电池组进行预热,与之相反。其中热管2的导热系数大于导热阻燃油3的导热系数,可以快速将热管蒸发端的热量传递到冷凝端,而导热阻燃油3完全充满电池箱1,电池组和热管2浸没在导热阻燃油3中,导热阻燃油3包裹着电芯4表面,导热阻燃油3包裹着热管2表面,热阻燃油3同时具有导热性和阻燃性,可以增大蓄热容量和提高阻燃防爆能力。
热管2直径可大可小,最大不超过插入端8空隙的面积,最小不小于可加工尺度,热管2直径的大小可调意味着导热能力可调,直径越大导热越快,可根据需求选取。
电池箱1具有进口和出口,用于导热阻燃油3的流进流出。进出口分布在热管2的伸出端7侧,可以减小流动阻力降低压力损失,导热阻燃油3从电池箱1的进口流入,电池箱1的出口流出。所述的导热阻燃油3为硅油。电池组和热管2浸没在充满导热阻燃油3的电池箱1内,可以增大蓄热容量和提高阻燃防爆能力,电芯4表面与空隙中的导热阻燃油3进行换热,空隙中的导热阻燃油3又与热管2的插入端8进行换热:在电池高温时,冷态的导热阻燃油3从电池箱1的进口不断流入,与热管2的伸出端7进行对流换热后从电池箱1的出口流出将热量带走;在电池需要预热保温时,热态的导热阻燃油3流入对电池组进行预热,从而保证电芯4维持在一个理想的温度范围内。
整个过程中,导热阻燃油完全包裹电池组,提高了系统的阻燃防爆能力,降低了安全风险。
电池组间隙中充满导热阻燃油3,电芯4表面由导热阻燃油3包裹,热管2表面也由导热阻燃油3包裹,可以减小热阻,另一方面提高阻燃性能。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,以及部分运用的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种电池模块,包括电池箱(1)以及直列排布于电池箱(1)内的多个圆柱形电芯(4),其特征在于:所述的电池箱(1)内有浸没电芯(4)的导热阻燃油(3),电池箱(1)两侧分别设置有进出口,电芯(4)间的空隙插设有热管(2),热管(2)的插入端(8)位于电芯(4)空隙内,与空隙中的导热阻燃油(3)接触,热管(2)的伸出端(7)没入电芯(4)外的导热阻燃油(3)中,热管(2)的导热系数大于导热阻燃油(3)的导热系数,导热阻燃油(3)的导热系数大于空气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种电池模块,其特征在于,所述的导热阻燃油(3)为硅油。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种电池模块,其特征在于,所述的导热阻燃油(3)充满电池箱(1)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种电池模块,其特征在于,所述的热管(2)是一个一侧为冷凝端(5)、一侧为蒸发端(6)的圆柱管。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种电池模块,其特征在于,所述电池箱(1)的进出口设置在伸出端(7)一侧。
CN202010463455.2A 2020-05-27 2020-05-27 一种电池模块 Pending CN111668571A (zh)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112186296A (zh) * 2020-09-23 2021-01-05 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所) 一种电池热管理结构
EP4106076A1 (en) * 2021-06-16 2022-12-21 Shu-Chin Chen Flame-retardant and explosion-proof battery pack for electric vehicle and manufacturing method thereof
WO2023078187A1 (zh) * 2021-11-05 2023-05-11 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池组、电池的热管理系统以及用电装置

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112186296A (zh) * 2020-09-23 2021-01-05 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所) 一种电池热管理结构
CN112186296B (zh) * 2020-09-23 2022-02-15 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所) 一种电池热管理结构
EP4106076A1 (en) * 2021-06-16 2022-12-21 Shu-Chin Chen Flame-retardant and explosion-proof battery pack for electric vehicle and manufacturing method thereof
JP2022192002A (ja) * 2021-06-16 2022-12-28 樹錦 陳 電気車両用の耐炎防爆電池パック及びその製造方法
JP7379556B2 (ja) 2021-06-16 2023-11-14 樹錦 陳 電気車両用の耐炎防爆電池パック及びその製造方法
WO2023078187A1 (zh) * 2021-11-05 2023-05-11 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池组、电池的热管理系统以及用电装置

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