CN111666618A - Design method of side type water inlet/outlet diffusion section body type - Google Patents

Design method of side type water inlet/outlet diffusion section body type Download PDF

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CN111666618A
CN111666618A CN202010460380.2A CN202010460380A CN111666618A CN 111666618 A CN111666618 A CN 111666618A CN 202010460380 A CN202010460380 A CN 202010460380A CN 111666618 A CN111666618 A CN 111666618A
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曾少岳
苗宝广
顾莉
戴晓兵
周琦
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PowerChina Zhongnan Engineering Corp Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a design method of a side type water inlet/outlet diffusion section body type, which introduces a margin coefficient K on the basis of the existing guide rule and specificationLiDistribution coefficient of flow area KATwo new design parameters and the values of the parameters are specified. The side water inlet/outlet which is designed and built or improved by the design method of the side water inlet/outlet diffusion section body type can effectively eliminate the bias flow phenomenon of the diffusion section and improve the flow distribution of the flow channel, thereby homogenizing the flow velocity of the cross section of the trash rack and ensuring the safety of the trash rack structure.

Description

Design method of side type water inlet/outlet diffusion section body type
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydroelectric power engineering, and particularly relates to a design method of a side type water inlet/outlet diffusion section body type.
Background
Along with the continuous and high-speed development of national economy, the rapid increase of energy requirements, the construction of various large-scale power stations such as thermal power stations, nuclear power stations, conventional hydropower stations and the like and the adoption of a pumped storage power station as an important measure for peak load regulation and valley filling in the operation process of a power system can improve the efficiency of the thermal power stations and the nuclear power stations in the system, ensure the safe operation of a power grid and be an indispensable important component part in the power grid.
The side water inlet/outlet of the pumped storage power station consists of a diffusion section (a contraction section) and an adjusting section (a trash rack and a vortex-proof beam), wherein the diffusion section mainly consists of two side walls and one or more shunting piers. The side water inlet and outlet has two functions of water inlet and outlet, and the water flow presents two flow states of diffusion flow or contraction flow. When the flow state of the diffusion flow is changed, the water flow is easy to separate from the side wall to form bias flow, the flow distribution among the flow channels is obviously different, the flow velocity distribution at the cross section of the trash rack is uneven, the local flow velocity is overlarge, the trash rack bars are damaged, and the safety of the hydraulic turbine is further influenced.
In the design guide of pumped storage power station (DL/T5208-. However, in the design process of a plurality of side water inlets/outlets, when the body type design of the diffusion section is carried out according to the reference values provided by the guide rule and the specification, the hydraulic model test verifies that the diffusion section still has the drift current phenomenon, the flow distribution ratio of adjacent flow channels is larger than 1.1 and reaches 1.7 in severe cases, the flow velocity distribution of the cross section of the trash rack is uneven, the flow velocity of the cross grid is far larger than 1.2m/s required by the specification, and the water flow of the cross grid has reverse flow. How to eliminate the bias flow of the water flow in the diffusion section and improve the flow distribution ratio of adjacent flow channels is a main technical problem to be solved in the design of the side water inlet/outlet.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to eliminate the bias flow phenomenon of water flow in the diffusion section, improve the flow distribution ratio of adjacent flow channels and further improve the flow velocity distribution of the cross section of the trash rack, the invention provides a design method of the side type water inlet/outlet diffusion section body type on the basis of guide rules and specifications, and the adopted technical scheme is as follows:
a design method for the shape of a side type water inlet/outlet diffusion section defines design parameters:
margin LiThe distance between the pier head of the flow dividing partition pier and the initial section of the diffusion section is;
coefficient of latitude KLiIs a margin LiThe ratio of the width b of the initial cross section of the diffuser section;
distribution coefficient of flow surface KAThe ratio of the minimum flow cross section area of the adjacent flow channels.
The design method of the side type water inlet/outlet diffusion section body type comprises the following steps:
s1, designing the basic body type of the side type water inlet/outlet according to engineering design conditions to obtain the basic body type of the side type water inlet/outlet diffusion sectionThe body parameters comprise a plane diffusion angle α of the diffusion section of the side water inlet/outlet, the width b of the initial section of the diffusion section, the height d of the initial section of the diffusion section, the number of the flow dividing partition piers and the width a of the minimum flow section of each flow passageiThe width b of each flow channel at the beginning end of the diffusion sectioniHeight h of minimum flow section of each flow channeliThe device comprises a diffusion section length L, a top expansion angle theta, a diffusion section outlet section width B and a diffusion section outlet section height D.
S2, calculating a margin coefficient K of the side shunting partition pier according to the size of the plane diffusion angle α of the diffusion section and the connection mode of the diffusion section and the side wall of the upstream side tunnelL1And the margin coefficient K of the intermediate flow dividing partition pierL2The calculation formula is as follows:
i. when the side wall at the tail end of the diversion tunnel at the upstream side is in linear connection with the side wall at the starting end of the diffusion section, the allowance coefficient KL1The calculation is performed as follows:
Figure BDA0002510764840000021
ii, when the side wall at the tail end of the diversion tunnel at the upstream side is connected with the side wall at the starting end of the diffusion section in a circular arc curve, the allowance coefficient KL1The calculation is performed as follows:
Figure BDA0002510764840000022
in the formula: r is the radius of the side wall connecting arc curve;
margin factor K of intermediate flow dividing partitionL2The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002510764840000023
s3, according to the margin coefficient KL1、KL2Respectively calculating the margin L of the side shunting partition piers1And the width L of the intermediate flow dividing partition pier2Wide margin LiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Li＝KLib (4)
s4, calculating the integral distribution coefficient K of the flow passage flow surfaceADetermining the distribution coefficient K of the flow area of the flow channelAIf it is within the target value range, if KAIf the value is not in the target value range, adjusting the distance between the shunting piers and recalculating KAValue up to KAThe value is in the target value range, and the flow passage flow surface integral distribution coefficient KAThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002510764840000031
in the formula: a. the1、A2The areas of the minimum flow cross sections of the side flow channels and the middle flow channels of the diffusion section a1、h1Respectively the width and the height of the minimum flow cross section of the side flow channel of the diffusion section; a is2、h2Respectively the width and the height of the minimum flow cross section of the middle flow passage of the diffusion section.
S5, judging KAIf the value is within the target value range, if KAIf the value is within the target value range, the values of all the design parameters are reasonable, and the design is finished; if KAIf the value is not within the target value range, adjusting the spacing between the flow channels, and repeating the step S4 to recalculate KAValue until K is adjustedAThe values are within the target range of values.
Specifically, in step S5, when K is greater than KAAdjusting the side shunting partition piers to the side runner when the value exceeds the target value range; when K isAAnd if the value is less than the target value range, adjusting the side shunting partition piers to the inner middle flow passage.
Specifically, in step S5, KAThe target range of values is 1.0 < KA＜1.1。
Specifically, in step S5, when K is greater than KAWhen the flow area of the side runner is larger than 1.1, adjusting the side shunting partition pier to the side runner if the flow area of the side runner is too large; when K isAWhen the flow area of the side flow channel is smaller than 1.0, the side shunting partition piers are adjusted to the inner middle flow channel.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the design method of the side type water inlet/outlet diffusion section body type creatively introduces a margin coefficient K on the basis of the existing guide rule and specificationLiDistribution coefficient of flow area KATwo design parameters, a parameter calculation method is provided, and the value of the parameter is specified. The side water inlet/outlet which is designed and built or improved by the design method of the side water inlet/outlet diffusion section body type can effectively eliminate the bias flow phenomenon of the diffusion section and improve the flow distribution of the flow channel, thereby homogenizing the flow velocity of the cross section of the trash rack and ensuring the safety of the trash rack structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a design method of a diffusion section profile of a side water inlet/outlet;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a side type water inlet/outlet with three partition piers and four flow passages;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a side type water inlet/outlet with three partition piers and four flow passages;
in the figure, 1-an adjusting section, 2-a diffusion section, 21-a diffusion section side wall, 22-a side diversion partition pier, 23-a middle diversion partition pier, 3-an upstream side diversion tunnel, 31-an upstream side diversion tunnel side wall, α -a diffusion section plane diffusion angle, L-a diffusion section length, B-a diffusion section initial section width, B-a diffusion section outlet width, D-a diffusion section initial section height, D-a diffusion section outlet height, theta-a diffusion section top expansion angle, i-a diffusion section bottom plate gradient, B-a diffusion section bottom plate gradient and D-a diffusion section bottom plate gradient1-the width of the side channels at the beginning of the diffuser section; b2-the width of the intermediate flow channel at the beginning of the diffuser section; l is1-the margin of the side dividing piers; l is2-the latitude of the intermediate flow dividing piers; a is1-the width of the side runner at the minimum flow cross section; a is2-the width of the intermediate flow channel at the minimum flow cross section; h is1-the height of the side runner at the minimum flow cross section; h is2The height of the intermediate flow channel at the minimum flow cross section.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 2-3, through analysis and research on a large amount of side type water inlet/outlet hydraulic model test data, it is found that the main influence factor causing the drift current is the distance between the pier head of the flow dividing partition pier and the initial section of the diffuser section, and the main influence factor causing the difference of the flow distribution ratio is the flow passage area. However, the current guidelines and specifications do not specify the two main influencing factors, nor do they provide corresponding reference values.
According to the movement characteristics of the water flow in the diffuser section 2, and for the convenience of description, the following design parameters are defined:
the margin Li refers to the distance between the pier head of the shunting partition pier and the initial section of the diffusion section;
coefficient of latitude KLiIs the ratio of the width b of the initial cross-section of the diffusion section to the margin Li, KLi＝Li/b；
Flow passage flow surface integral coefficient KARefers to the area ratio of the smallest flow cross section of the adjacent flow channels.
Among the above design parameters, the margin coefficient KLiReflects the restriction capability of a structure body consisting of the side walls 21 of the diffusion sections at two sides and the dividing flow piers (comprising the side dividing flow piers 22 and the middle dividing flow piers 23) on water flow and the margin coefficient KLiOn one hand, the stronger the constraint capacity of the structure body on the water flow, the more difficult the water flow is to be separated from the side wall, and the more uniform the flow distribution of the flow channel is; on the other hand, the margin coefficient KLiThe smaller the size, the more adverse effects are that the flow area is reduced, the local head loss is increased, and the power generation benefit is affected. Coefficient of latitude KLiThe larger the structure, the weaker the ability of the structure to confine the water flow, and the easier the water flow separates from the diffuser side wall 21, resulting in uneven flow distribution. When the margin coefficient K isLiWhen equal to 0 (i.e. margin L)i0, the pier head of the flow dividing partition pier is positioned on the initial section of the diffuser section), under the constraint condition, the drift flow can be basically eliminated, but the flow passing area is minimum, and the head loss is maximum.
Flow passage flow surface integral coefficient KARefers to the area ratio of the smallest flow cross section of the adjacent flow channels. On the same flow section, the water flow is influenced by the friction resistance of the side walls, the distribution characteristics of small flow velocity at two sides and large flow velocity in the middle are presented, and in order to achieve the purpose of uniform flow distribution of the flow channels, the side flow channelsThe flow area needs to be larger than that of the intermediate flow channel.
Referring to FIG. 1, the present invention introduces a margin factor KLiDistribution coefficient of flow area KATwo new design parameters are provided, and the values of the parameters are regulated, so that on the basis, a design method of the side type water inlet/outlet diffusion section body type is provided, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, designing the basic body type of the side type water inlet/outlet according to engineering design conditions to obtain basic body type parameters of the side type water inlet/outlet diffusion section, wherein the basic body type parameters comprise a plane diffusion angle α of the side type water inlet/outlet diffusion section, the width b of an initial section of the diffusion section, the height d of the initial section of the diffusion section, the number of flow dividing partition piers and the width a of a minimum overflowing section of each flow channeliThe width b of each flow channel at the beginning end of the diffusion sectioniHeight h of minimum flow section of each flow channeliThe device comprises a diffusion section length L, a top expansion angle theta, a diffusion section outlet section width B and a diffusion section outlet section height D.
S2, calculating a margin coefficient K of the side shunting partition pier according to the size of the plane diffusion angle α of the diffusion section and the connection mode of the diffusion section and the side wall of the upstream side tunnelL1And the margin coefficient K of the intermediate flow dividing partition pierL2The calculation formula is as follows:
i. when the side wall at the tail end of the upstream side diversion tunnel is linearly connected with the side wall at the starting end of the diffusion section, the allowance coefficient K of the side diversion partition pier 22L1The calculation is performed as follows:
Figure BDA0002510764840000051
ii, when the tail end side wall of the upstream side diversion tunnel is connected with the side wall of the starting end of the diffusion section in a circular arc curve, the allowance coefficient K of the side diversion partition pier 22L1The calculation is performed as follows:
Figure BDA0002510764840000052
in the formula: r is the radius of the side wall connecting arc curve;
margin factor K of the intermediate flow dividing pier 23L2The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002510764840000053
s3, according to the margin coefficient KL1、KL2Respectively calculate the margin L of the side shunting piers 221And the width L of the intermediate flow dividing abutment 232Wide margin LiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Li＝KLib (4)
s4, calculating the integral distribution coefficient K of the flow passage flow surfaceADetermining the distribution coefficient K of the flow area of the flow channelAIf it is within the target value range, if KAIf the value is not in the target value range, adjusting the distance between the shunting piers and recalculating KAValue up to KAThe value is in the target value range, and the flow passage flow surface integral distribution coefficient KAThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002510764840000054
in the formula: a. the1、A2The areas of the minimum flow cross sections of the side flow channels and the middle flow channels of the diffusion section a1、h1Respectively the width and the height of the minimum flow cross section of the side flow channel of the diffusion section; a is2、h2Respectively the width and the height of the minimum flow cross section of the middle flow passage of the diffusion section.
S5, judging KAIf the value is within the target value range, if KAIf the value is within the target value range, the values of all the design parameters are reasonable, and the design is finished; if KAIf the value is not within the target value range, adjusting the spacing between the flow channels, and repeating the step S4 to recalculate KAValue until K is adjustedAThe values are within the target range of values. KAThe target range of values is 1.0 < KAIs less than 1.1. When K isAWhen the flow area of the side runner is larger than 1.1, the flow area of the side runner is too largeThe side shunting partition piers are adjusted to the side flow channel; when K isAWhen the flow area of the side flow channel is smaller than 1.0, the side shunting partition piers are adjusted to the inner middle flow channel.
In the above formula, the plane divergence angle α of the side type water inlet/outlet diffuser, the initial section size b × d, the number of the dividing flow piers and the width (b) of each flow passage at the initial end of the diffuser1、b2) And after parameters such as the length L of the diffuser section, the top expansion angle theta, the outlet section size of the diffuser section and the like are determined, ai、bi、hiThe initial value of (a) is determined and the initial value is obtained by measuring in the initial design drawing.
Example 1:
the water reservoir of some pumped storage power station is equipped with 2 side water inlets/outlets, and all adopt the arrangement mode of 3 partition piers and 4 flow channels, the width and height of initial section of diffusion section are respectively 6.20m and 7.00m, and the plane diffusion angle α of diffusion section is 30.0856 deg. the water-diversion tunnel and diffusion section are connected by adopting circular arc whose radius is 20.00m, and the width L of flow-dividing partition pier is1Is 2.64m (0.43b), L25.24m (0.85 b); width b of the flow dividing partition pier at the beginning end of the diffusion section1、b21.8m and 1.3m respectively, and the corresponding width ratio of the side runners to the middle runners is 0.21:0.29, which is basically consistent with the recommended value of the design guide rule. The hydraulic model test results show that: the average flow velocity of the side flow channels exceeds 1.0m/s in diffusion outflow (water pumping working condition), and the maximum value reaches 1.24 m/s; the flow dividing ratio of the flow channels is 0.62-1.61, the flow distribution difference among the flow channels reaches 61%, and the flow dividing effect is poor. Margin coefficient K calculated by equation (2)L1The coefficient of actual tolerance is 0.43, which indicates that the diversion dividing partition pier can not effectively restrain the water flow in the diffusion section from generating bias flow; flow passage flow surface integral distribution coefficient K of the side flow passage and the middle flow passage calculated by formula (5)AIs 1.44 and is obviously larger than 1.1, which shows that the two factors together cause uneven flow velocity distribution, high local flow velocity and poor flow distribution effect in each flow channel in the diffusion.
Aiming at the problem that the water inlet/outlet diversion piers are unreasonably arranged in the original scheme, the diversion tunnel and the diffusion section are changed into straight line connection; all in oneThen, the arrangement of the shunting piers is optimally designed according to the method of the invention, because the plane diffusion angle α of the diffusion section is 30.0856 degrees, the tolerance coefficient K of the side shunting piers is calculated by using the formula (1)L10, width of dividing pier L1Adjusted from 2.64m (0.43b) to 0.00m (0b), L2Adjusted from 5.24m (0.85b) to 2.46m (0.40 b); the position of the flow dividing pier is adjusted by the formula (3), and the flow channel flow surface integral distribution coefficient K is obtainedAReducing the width b of the diversion pier at the beginning end of the diffusion section from 1.44 to 1.07 after redesign1、b21.65m and 1.45m respectively. The test results show that: under each working condition of the optimization scheme, the maximum average flow velocity value in the flow channel is lower than 1.00m/s, and the flow distribution effect is good.
Example 2:
a certain pumped storage power station has the installed capacity of 1400MW, 4 water pump water wheel generating motor sets with the single machine capacity of 350MW are arranged, and the rated flow of the generating single machine is 68.54m3The maximum single machine flow for pumping water is 57.92m3And/s, the water diversion system adopts a 1-hole 2-machine arrangement mode, the upper reservoir is provided with 2 water inlets/outlets, and side water inlets/outlets are adopted.
Designing the basic body type of the side type water inlet/outlet according to the requirements of the current design guide rule and the design specification according to the engineering design conditions: the width and the height of the initial section of the diffusion section of the side water inlet/outlet are respectively 5.30m and 7.30m, the plane diffusion angle alpha of the diffusion section is 22.2064 degrees, the length of the diffusion section is 40.00m, the top expansion angle is 3.862 degrees, the width and the height of the outlet section of the diffusion section are respectively 21.00m and 10.00m, 2 diversion piers of 1.00m are adopted to divide the diffusion section into 3 flow channels, the diversion tunnel is connected with the side wall of the diffusion section by adopting an arc curve of which the radius is 20.00m, and the bottom slope i of the tunnel in front of the inlet of the diffusion section and the diffusion section is 0.00 percent.
The arrangement of the side dividing piers is designed according to the method of the invention, because the plane diffusion angle α of the diffusion section is 22.2064 degrees, the diversion tunnel and the side wall of the diffusion section are connected by adopting a circular arc curve with the radius of 20.00m, and the allowance coefficient K of the side dividing piers is calculated by using the formula (2)L1The flow dividing pier margin L is calculated by equation (4) at 0.3111.64m (0.31 b); by usingThe position of the flow dividing partition pier is designed by the formula (5), and finally the flow channel flow surface integral distribution coefficient K is calculatedAThe width b of the center line of the flow dividing pier at the starting end of the diffusion section is set to be 1.011、b21.62m and 1.84m respectively. The test results show that: under each working condition, the maximum average flow velocity value in the flow channel is lower than 0.90m/s, and the flow distribution effect is good.

Claims (4)

1. A design method of a side type water inlet/outlet diffusion section body type is characterized in that,
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, designing the basic body type of the side type water inlet/outlet according to engineering design conditions to obtain basic body type parameters of the side type water inlet/outlet diffusion section, wherein the basic body type parameters comprise a plane diffusion angle α of the side type water inlet/outlet diffusion section, the width b of an initial section of the diffusion section, the height d of the initial section of the diffusion section, the number of flow dividing partition piers and the width a of a minimum overflowing section of each flow channeliThe width b of each flow channel at the beginning end of the diffusion sectioniHeight h of minimum flow section of each flow channeliThe length L of the diffusion section, the top expansion angle theta, the width B of the section of the outlet of the diffusion section and the height D of the section of the outlet of the diffusion section;
s2, calculating a margin coefficient K of the side shunting partition pier according to the size of the plane diffusion angle α of the diffusion section and the connection mode of the diffusion section and the side wall of the upstream side tunnelL1And the margin coefficient K of the intermediate flow dividing partition pierL2The calculation formula is as follows:
i. when the side wall at the tail end of the diversion tunnel at the upstream side is in linear connection with the side wall at the starting end of the diffusion section, the allowance coefficient KL1The calculation is performed as follows:
Figure FDA0002510764830000011
ii, when the side wall at the tail end of the diversion tunnel at the upstream side is connected with the side wall at the starting end of the diffusion section in a circular arc curve, the allowance coefficient KL1The calculation is performed as follows:
Figure FDA0002510764830000012
in the formula: r is the radius of the side wall connecting arc curve;
margin factor K of intermediate flow dividing partitionL2The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002510764830000013
s3, according to the margin coefficient KL1、KL2Respectively calculating the margin L of the side shunting partition piers1And the width L of the intermediate flow dividing partition pier2Wide margin LiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Li＝KLib (4)
s4, calculating the integral distribution coefficient K of the flow passage flow surfaceADetermining the distribution coefficient K of the flow area of the flow channelAIf it is within the target value range, if KAIf the value is not in the target value range, adjusting the distance between the shunting piers and recalculating KAValue up to KAThe value is in the target value range, and the flow passage flow surface integral distribution coefficient KAThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002510764830000014
in the formula: a. the1、A2The areas of the minimum flow cross sections of the side flow channels and the middle flow channels of the diffusion section a1、h1Respectively the width and the height of the minimum flow cross section of the side flow channel of the diffusion section; a is2、h2Respectively the width and the height of the minimum flow cross section of the middle flow passage of the diffusion section;
s5, judging KAIf the value is within the target value range, if KAIf the value is within the target value range, the values of all the design parameters are reasonable, and the design is finished; if KAIf the value is not within the target value range, adjusting the spacing between the flow channels, and repeating the step S4 to recalculate KAValue until K is adjustedAValue in the eyeThe scalar value range.
2. The design method of the side type water inlet/outlet diffuser segment body type as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, when K is reachedAIf the value exceeds the target value range, adjusting the side shunting partition piers to the side runner; when K isAIf the value is less than the target value range, the side shunting partition piers are adjusted to the inner middle flow passage.
3. The design method of the side type water inlet/outlet diffuser segment body type as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, when K is reachedAWhen the flow rate is more than 1.1, adjusting the side shunting partition piers to the side flow channel; when K isAIf the flow rate is less than 1.0, the side shunting partition piers are adjusted to the inner middle flow passage.
4. The design method of the side type water inlet/outlet diffuser segment body type as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step S5, KAThe target range of values is 1.0 < KA＜1.1。
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