CN112836450B - Flow channel section body shape, method of designing the same, storage medium, and computer apparatus - Google Patents
Flow channel section body shape, method of designing the same, storage medium, and computer apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a runner section body type, a design method thereof, a storage medium and computer equipment. The method comprises the following steps: determining a section roughness value of the runner according to the roughness of the inner surface of the runner, and determining a runner longitudinal slope value of the runner according to the slope of the terrain where the runner is positioned; determining a parameter value of a section shape parameter of the flow channel according to the section roughness value, the flow channel longitudinal slope value and a preset flow rate; determining the relation among the section roughness value, the longitudinal slope value, the section area and the section wet circumference of the flow channel; determining a shape model of a single-side slope of the section of the flow channel according to the parameter value of the section shape parameter of the flow channel; and designing the section shape of the flow channel according to the shape model so that the flow velocity in the flow channel tends to a preset fixed value when the flow rate in the flow channel is increased. The flow channel section body shape designed by the method of the invention has the advantages that along with the increase of the flow rate value, the flow rate rapidly approaches to the set value and does not exceed the set value, and the upper limit value of the flow rate in the flow channel is successfully limited.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering planning and design, in particular to a runner section body type and a design method, a storage medium and computer equipment thereof.
Background
In general, in the process of designing a water delivery flow channel, the flow rate (design flow rate or check flow rate) of the flow channel is designed to be a constant value, and the obtained parameter values of the hydraulic element parameters (flow rate, water depth, water surface width and the like) are also values under the constant-flow-rate operation condition. In the actual operation process of the engineering, the water flow is changed due to the water supply, the upstream and downstream water level change, the engineering safe operation, the user demand and the like, so that the parameter value of the hydraulic element is correspondingly changed.
Among the hydraulic components of the flow channel, the average flow velocity of the cross section is a very critical component parameter. In the design of a water conveying and draining flow channel, the requirements of no flushing and no silt flow rate are met; in the design of a water diversion channel of a hydropower station in a northern cold area, the requirement of no-icing flow velocity exists; in the design of the fish passing flow passage, the requirement of the upstream flow velocity of the fish is met; in the flow channel design of the steep slope chute section of the open spillway, the flow rate requirement for avoiding the generation of high-speed water flow is met; in river landscapes across towns, recreational designs, smooth flow patterns are desired, and so on.
At present, the section body type of the runner is most commonly a trapezoid, a trapezoid arch, a rectangle and a fold line compound structure body type, and expert students are researching the section body type of the runner in curves (secondary parabola, half-cube parabola, suspension line, tertiary parabola and the like). The section body type pursues the optimal hydraulic section, namely, the minimum section area is used for passing the maximum flow on the premise of a certain flow passage longitudinal slope and lining structure, which has positive significance in saving engineering investment, but neglects the key effect of the flow velocity in the flow passage operation process.
The flow rate without flushing and clogging is very important in the channel design of each level in the irrigation area, and different lining structure types have different requirements on the flow rate. Too low flow rate can cause the bed load in the water to be deposited at the bottom of the canal, and the water needs to be cleaned regularly or irregularly, so that the operation and maintenance cost is increased; the excessive flow velocity can produce scouring damage to the lining structure, and the service life of engineering is reduced.
When a water diversion channel of a hydropower station in a northern cold area runs in winter, icing often occurs, and the icing generally starts from the bank of the runner and slowly extends to the middle of the runner; the broken small ice flowers do not harm the water inlet channel and the water turbine runner, and once large ice cubes are generated, the blockage in the channel and even the blockage can be caused, and the larger ice cubes can damage the water turbine unit if entering the unit. Experimental research shows that when the flow velocity is greater than a certain value, little or no ice is formed on the bank ice in the flow passage, or only floating ice which can not submerge in water is generated, so that the method has the positive effects of ensuring safe operation and reducing operation and maintenance cost for winter diversion power generation of hydropower stations in northern areas, and considerable economic benefits can be increased.
There are three key flow rates in the design of a fish way: firstly, the induction flow rate of the fish is also the key flow rate for attracting the fish to get rid of the fish; secondly, the flow rate for guaranteeing the continuous swimming capability of the fish is suitable for the smooth swimming backtracking of the fish; thirdly, the flow rate suitable for fish to rush in is the flow rate reflecting the short-distance acceleration punching capability of fish when the fish encounters a sudden change in flow rate. The fish way design is expected to have a flow channel flow rate greater than the sensed flow rate of the fish approaching a suitable flow rate for smooth travel and backtracking.
The flow channel of the steep slope chute section of the open spillway is generally easy to generate high-speed water flow, the high-speed water flow can generate water flow aeration phenomenon, and the lining structure is scoured and eroded to be damaged. The water flow aeration can increase the lining height (the height of the side wall of the chute is generally determined by normal water depth, aerated water depth and safe super high). In order to slow down the damage of high-speed water flow to the lining structure, the lining structure is usually constructed by adopting high-strength materials such as impact resistance, wear resistance and the like, which undoubtedly increases the engineering cost.
In view of the disadvantage that the flow velocity variation range is large when the current flow channel section body type passes through different flow rates, a method for designing the flow channel section body type is needed to design the flow channel section with the flow velocity tending to a fixed value when the flow rate varies.
Disclosure of Invention
The main object of the present invention is to provide a runner section body type and its design method, a storage medium and a computer device so that the flow rate is kept stable when the runner flow rate is increased.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for designing a flow channel section body shape, comprising the steps of: determining a section roughness value of the runner according to the roughness of the inner surface of the runner, and determining a runner longitudinal slope value of the runner according to the slope of the terrain where the runner is positioned; determining a parameter value of a section shape parameter of a flow channel according to a preset section roughness value, a flow channel longitudinal slope value and a section shape parameter of the flow channel based on a relation among the preset section roughness value, the flow channel longitudinal slope value and the section shape parameter of the flow channel, wherein the section shape parameter is inversely related to the width-to-depth ratio of the section of the flow channel; determining the relation among the section roughness value, the longitudinal slope value, the section area and the section wet circumference of the flow channel; determining a shape model of a single-side slope of a runner section according to a preset section roughness value, a relation between a runner longitudinal slope value and a section shape parameter of the runner and a relation among the section roughness value, the runner longitudinal slope value, the section area of the runner and the section wet circumference of the runner; and designing the section shape of the flow channel according to the shape model so that the flow velocity in the flow channel tends to a preset fixed value when the flow rate in the flow channel is increased.
In one embodiment, the relationship between the predetermined profile roughness value, the runner longitudinal slope value and the profile shape parameter of the runner is determined using the following formula:
wherein B represents a section shape parameter of the flow channel, n represents a section roughness value of the flow channel, V represents a preset flow velocity, and i represents a longitudinal slope value of the flow channel.
In one embodiment, determining the relationship between the cross-sectional roughness value of the runner, the runner longitudinal slope value, the cross-sectional area of the runner, and the cross-sectional wet perimeter comprises: and determining the relation among the section roughness value, the longitudinal slope value, the section area and the section wet circumference of the flow channel according to a Manning formula and a Xuezhi formula.
In one embodiment, the relationship between the cross-sectional roughness value of the flow channel, the flow channel longitudinal slope value, the cross-sectional area of the flow channel, and the cross-sectional wet perimeter is determined using the following formula:
wherein A represents the sectional area of the flow channel, P represents the sectional wet circumference of the flow channel, n represents the sectional roughness value of the flow channel, V represents the preset flow velocity, and i represents the longitudinal slope value of the flow channel.
In one embodiment, the method for determining the shape model of the single-side slope of the runner section according to the parameter value of the cross-section shape parameter of the runner based on the relation between the preset cross-section roughness value, the runner longitudinal slope value and the cross-section shape parameter of the runner and combining the relation among the cross-section roughness value, the runner longitudinal slope value, the cross-section area of the runner and the cross-section wet circumference of the runner comprises the following steps: determining the relation among the cross-sectional area, the cross-sectional wet circumference and the cross-sectional shape parameters of the flow channel according to the relation among the preset cross-sectional roughness value, the flow channel longitudinal slope value and the cross-sectional shape parameters of the flow channel and the relation among the cross-sectional roughness value, the flow channel longitudinal slope value, the cross-sectional area and the cross-sectional wet circumference of the flow channel; determining a differential expression representing the cross-sectional area of the flow channel and a differential expression representing the wet perimeter of the cross-section of the flow channel in a planar rectangular coordinate system; the shape model of the single-side slope of the flow channel section is determined based on the relation among the section area of the flow channel, the section wet circumference and the section shape parameter of the flow channel, and the differential expression of the section area of the flow channel and the differential expression of the section wet circumference.
In one embodiment, the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the flow channel, the cross-sectional wet perimeter, and the cross-sectional shape parameter of the flow channel is determined using the following equation:
wherein A represents the cross-sectional area of the flow channel, P represents the cross-sectional wet circumference of the flow channel, and B represents the cross-sectional shape parameter of the flow channel.
In one embodiment, the shape model is determined using the following equation:
wherein B represents the section shape parameter of the flow channel, x represents the abscissa in the plane rectangular coordinate system, and y represents the ordinate in the plane rectangular coordinate system.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a flow channel section shape designed using the flow channel section shape design method as described above.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method of designing a runner section body shape as described above.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer apparatus comprising a processor and a storage medium storing program code which, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method of designing a runner section profile as described above.
The flow channel section body shape designed by the method of the invention has the advantages that along with the increase of the flow rate value, the flow rate rapidly approaches to the set value and does not exceed the set value, and the upper limit value of the flow rate in the flow channel is successfully limited. The flow channel section body type designed by the invention can be used for: the water channel is a channel for water transportation and drainage, a water diversion channel for hydropower stations, a fish-passing channel, a water channel with a ship-driving requirement, an open spillway chute and the like, and the cross section of the channel has a flow rate limiting requirement.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a undue limitation on the invention, wherein:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of designing a runner section body type according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a runner section profile according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the cross-sectional area of a flow channel and the depth and width of the flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a method for designing a flow channel section body shape, and fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for designing a flow channel section body shape according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1, the method of the present embodiment includes the steps of:
s100: and determining a section roughness value of the runner according to the roughness of the inner surface of the runner, and determining a runner longitudinal slope value of the runner according to the slope of the terrain where the runner is positioned.
The size of the section roughness value reflects the difference of lining materials and the lining process level of a runner, in the general runner design, the section roughness value is selected according to the recommended value in the channel seepage prevention technical engineering Specification (SL 18-2004), and the requirements of engineering design and engineering transportation can be completely met, but for high-value engineering projects, such as fish-passing channels, spillway chute sections, open channels running in winter in northern cold areas, water channels with traveling ships and the like, special requirements can be set for the roughness value, for example, the roughness can be increased or reduced. The section roughness value has great influence on the section body type design of the invention, and can be determined by a model test.
Generally, the longitudinal slope value of the runner of the open trench is usually selected to be suitable for the site topography, and in order to avoid deep excavation and high filling, the line is generally selected to be straight (tunnel crossing) or wound, and the line is specifically required to be determined by technical and economic comparison, and can also be specially adjusted for high-value engineering projects.
S200: and determining the parameter value of the section shape parameter of the flow channel according to the section roughness value, the flow channel longitudinal slope value and the preset flow velocity based on the relation between the preset section roughness value, the flow channel longitudinal slope value and the section shape parameter of the flow channel, wherein the section shape parameter is inversely related to the width-to-depth ratio of the section of the flow channel.
Wherein, the relation between the preset section roughness value, the longitudinal slope value of the runner and the section shape parameter of the runner can be determined by the following formula:
wherein B represents a section shape parameter of the flow channel, n represents a section roughness value of the flow channel, V represents a preset flow velocity, and i represents a longitudinal slope value of the flow channel.
The magnitude of the value B determines the shape of the flow channel section body type. The value B is larger, and the shape of the section of the runner is shown as narrow and deep, namely, the section width-depth ratio is small (the ratio of the water surface width to the water depth); the value B is smaller, and the shape of the section of the runner is shown as wide and shallow, namely the section width-depth ratio is large. The width-depth ratio is small, the occupied area is small, and the wet circumference of the section is short; the width-depth ratio is large, the occupied area is large, and the section is wet in circumference.
S300: determining the relationship between the section roughness value of the flow channel, the longitudinal slope value of the flow channel, the section area of the flow channel and the section wet circumference may include: and determining the relation among the section roughness value, the longitudinal slope value, the section area and the section wet circumference of the flow channel according to a Manning formula and a Xuezhi formula.
Wherein the relationship between the section roughness value, the flow channel longitudinal slope value, the section area of the flow channel and the section wet circumference of the flow channel can be determined by using the following formula:
wherein A represents the sectional area of the flow channel, P represents the sectional wet circumference of the flow channel, n represents the sectional roughness value of the flow channel, V represents the preset flow velocity, and i represents the longitudinal slope value of the flow channel.
S400: based on the relation between the preset section roughness value, the runner longitudinal slope value and the section shape parameter of the runner, the shape model of the single side slope of the runner section is determined according to the parameter value of the section shape parameter of the runner by combining the relation among the section roughness value, the runner longitudinal slope value, the section area of the runner and the section wet circumference of the runner, and the method can comprise the following steps:
the first step, determining the relation among the cross-section area of the flow channel, the cross-section wet circumference and the cross-section shape parameters of the flow channel according to the relation among the preset cross-section rough value, the flow channel longitudinal slope value and the cross-section shape parameters of the flow channel and the relation among the cross-section rough value, the flow channel longitudinal slope value, the cross-section area of the flow channel and the cross-section wet circumference of the flow channel.
Wherein the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the flow channel, the cross-sectional wet perimeter, and the cross-sectional shape parameter of the flow channel can be determined using the following formula:
wherein A represents the cross-sectional area of the flow channel, P represents the cross-sectional wet circumference of the flow channel, and B represents the cross-sectional shape parameter of the flow channel.
In the second step, a differential expression representing the cross-sectional area of the flow channel and a differential expression representing the wet perimeter of the cross-section of the flow channel are determined in a planar rectangular coordinate system.
And thirdly, determining a shape model of a single side slope of the cross section of the flow channel based on the relation among the cross section area, the cross section wet circumference and the cross section shape parameter of the flow channel, and the differential expression of the cross section area and the differential expression of the cross section wet circumference of the flow channel.
Wherein the shape model may be determined using the following equation:
wherein B represents a cross-sectional shape parameter of the flow channel, x represents an abscissa (i.e., half of the dimension in the water surface width direction) in a plane rectangular coordinate system, and y represents an ordinate (i.e., the dimension in the water surface depth direction) in the plane rectangular coordinate system.
S500: and designing the section shape of the flow channel according to the shape model so that the flow velocity in the flow channel tends to a preset fixed value when the flow rate in the flow channel is increased.
The flow channel section body shape designed by the method of the invention has the advantages that along with the increase of the flow rate value, the flow rate rapidly approaches to the set value and does not exceed the set value, and the upper limit value of the flow rate in the flow channel is successfully limited.
Example two
The present embodiment provides a flow channel section shape designed using the flow channel section shape design method as described above.
The flow channel section body type designed by the invention can be used for: the water channel is a channel for water transportation and drainage, a water diversion channel for hydropower stations, a fish-passing channel, a water channel with a ship-driving requirement, an open spillway chute and the like, and the cross section of the channel has a flow rate limiting requirement. When the flow in the flow passage increases, the flow rate tends to a preset value.
Example III
The present embodiment provides a specific embodiment of a method for designing a flow channel section shape. The basic conditions on which the present embodiment is based include:
1. the liquid level of the runner is connected with the atmosphere;
2. the longitudinal slope of the runner is a downhill slope (along the water flow direction);
3. the shape, the geometric dimension and the longitudinal slope of the section of the runner are kept unchanged;
4. the flow rate is changed, but the flow rate is kept constant after the change and no confluence is generated along the path.
The following expression (1) is a right slope curve equation of the flow channel section designed according to the design method of the flow channel section body type of the present invention:
in expression (1), B represents a cross-sectional shape parameter of the runner, and is related to a runner longitudinal slope value, a set flow rate, and a cross-sectional roughness value of the lining, x represents one half of the water surface width of the runner, and y represents the water depth of the runner. The range of the value range of the function can be known: b (B)>0 and x is greater than or equal to B 3/2 . As shown in fig. 2, the curve on the right side of the y-axis is the curve represented by the expression (1), and the curve represented by the expression (1) is symmetrically copied to the left side of the y-axis with the y-axis as the symmetry axis, so that two curves with the y-axis as the symmetry axis are obtained, and the two curves respectively form the side slopes on the left side and the right side of the runner.
Taking the x axis of the abscissa as the bottom edge of the flow channelThen, according to expression (1), when y=0, the width of the bottom edge of the flow channel is 2B 3/2 The flow channel section body formed up to this point is: the left side slope and the right side slope are two natural logarithmic curves taking the y axis as a symmetry axis, wherein the expression of the right side slope curve is expression (1); the bottom edge of the flow channel is coincident with the x axis of the abscissa and the width is equal to 2B 3/2 The slope curve has a tangent orthogonal to the x-axis at the intersection with the x-axis.
According to expression (1), the cross-sectional area of the flow channel is:
the wet circumference of the section of the runner is:
in the above expressions (1) to (3),wherein n is a section roughness value, v is a set flow velocity, and i is a runner longitudinal slope value. In a specific engineering design, the section roughness value, the set flow velocity value and the runner longitudinal slope value can be selected in advance.
The mathematical model equation of the above expression (1) can be obtained by the following derivation process:
in the derivation process, the basic formulas needed to be used can include: the Manning and Xueteng formulas are commonly used in hydraulics. The flow rate may be expressed as the product of the cross-sectional area of the flow channel and the set flow rate, i.e.: q=av. The cross-sectional set flow velocity V of the flow channel can be expressed as:factor of metabolism->Wherein Q represents a flow rate (m 3 S), A represents the cross-sectional area (m) of the flow channel 2 ) N represents the section roughness value (s/m of the flow channel 1/3 ) R represents the hydraulic radius (m) of the section, < >>P is the wet circumference (m) of the section of the flow channel, i is the longitudinal slope value of the flow channel, C is the Xuetalent coefficient (m 1/2 /s)。
The set flow rate can be derived by deduction:from this, it can be derived that:
in the process of designing the runner section body type, the values of n and i can be predetermined. The flow velocity V is now set to be a constant value, soIs constant. Is provided with->Then->The physical unit of the constant B is m 2/3 . From this, it can be derived that:
deriving expression (4) may yield:
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the cross-sectional area of a flow channel and the depth and width of the flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application. From fig. 3, it can be derived that:
dA＝2xdy (6)
substituting the formula (5) into the formula (7) can obtain:
substituting the formula (6) into the formula (8) can obtain:
the integral of equation (9) can be obtained:the range of the value range of the expression is: />x 2 -B 3 Not less than 0, then B>0 and->
Order theY=0, ++>The mathematical model equation of the right bank slope of the runner is:
as can be seen from the above-mentioned deducing process and the range of the equation (10), the left and right slopes of the flow channel are two natural logarithmic curves with the y-axis of ordinate as the symmetry axis, and the two natural logarithmic curves are not intersected.
According to expression (10), the channel bottom width is equal to 2B when y=0, with the x-axis of the abscissa as the channel bottom edge 3/2 The flow channel section body formed up to this point is: the left side slope and the right side slope are two natural logarithmic curves taking the ordinate y as the symmetry axis, and the bottom edge of the runner and the abscissax-axis coincident and equal to 2B 3/2 (as shown in figure 2).
From expressions (6) and (9), it can be derived that:the cross-sectional area of the flow channel is:
from expressions (7) and (9), it can be derived that:the wet circumference of the section of the flow channel obtained by arrangement is as follows:
the runner section body type of the embodiment is similar to the trapezoid section body type most commonly applied in the current engineering field, so that the runner section body type can adapt to wider terrain and geological conditions.
From the above theoretical derivation, the flow channel is approximately of a cross-section shape, and the average flow velocity gradually approaches the set flow velocity as the flow cross section increases (which can be understood as the increase of the flow rate).
In the engineering design of the actual runner section shape, a stable side slope coefficient m is also used. The value of the stable slope coefficient m of the runner must meet the requirement of slope stability, and because the section slope of the runner is a curve, the average slope coefficient can be used for judging whether the requirement of slope stability is met or not, and the invention can be particularly used for judging whether the requirement of slope stability is met or not And calculating a stable slope coefficient, wherein x is half of the water surface width of the flow channel, and y is the corresponding maximum water depth of the flow channel.
In this embodiment, the average flow velocity of the flow channel cross section body type has the characteristic of approaching, so when the mathematical model is built, when the flow velocity has the requirement of the upper limit value, the set flow velocity is preferably selected to be the value or slightly larger, and when the flow velocity has the requirement of the lower limit value, the set flow velocity can be amplified in a proper amount, and the specific engineering is flexibly applied.
After the section roughness value, the longitudinal slope value and the set flow velocity of the flow channel are determined, the section shape parameter B of the flow channel is correspondingly determined, then, the mathematical model equation of the section shape of the flow channel can be constructed by using the expression (10), and the mathematical expressions of the section area and the section wet circumference of the flow channel can be respectively constructed by the expressions (11) and (12).
The utility and effectiveness of the present invention are illustrated below in five specific examples.
Calculation example one:
and a certain river diversion junction has a dam height of 7.0m, and the indigenous protective fishes of the river are traced to spawn 5-7 months each year, so that a fishing way is required to be arranged. Through tests, the flow rate of the fish suitable for tracing is 0.8m/s, the fish is influenced by the water level change of the upper and the lower sides of the fish channel, and the flow amplitude of the fish channel is 0.3-0.9 m 3 And/s, wherein the water depth is not less than 0.3m under the normal operation condition. The excavation stability side slope coefficient is 1:2.0. The field conditions are suitable for constructing the bionic fishway, trying to simulate the mathematical model equation of the flow section of the fishway, and rechecking the related parameters.
The longitudinal slope is suitable for the terrain, and the value i=1/100 of the longitudinal slope of the runner is selected. The flow rate has an upper limit requirement, and according to the characteristic of the section flow rate approaching property of the invention, the primary selected flow rate is slightly larger than the upper limiting flow rate, and the flow rate v=0.85 m/s is set. The minimum water depth is required under normal operation conditions, and the value B is preferably larger. The on-site cobbles are rich, the geomembrane seepage prevention and the cobble (masonry coarse) lining structure is selected, and the section coarse value n=0.04 of the runner is selected according to the channel seepage prevention technical engineering Specification (SL 18-2004). It can thus be derived that:
further, the mathematical model of the section body type of the runner is:
the parameters associated with the mathematical model of the section body shape of the flow channel were reviewed by review of some of the data listed in table 1.
Review Table 1
| x | 0.1983 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 |
| y | 0 | 0.3125 | 0.456 | 0.538 | 0.595 | 0.64 | 0.676 |
| A | 0 | 0.1820 | 0.3887 | 0.5897 | 0.7893 | 0.9884 | 1.1872 |
| P | 0.3966 | 1.3146 | 2.3570 | 3.370 | 4.3769 | 5.3809 | 6.3835 |
| R | 0 | 0.1384 | 0.1649 | 0.175 | 0.1803 | 0.1837 | 0.1860 |
| C | 0 | 17.980 | 18.513 | 18.697 | 18.791 | 18.849 | 18.888 |
| V | 0 | 0.6689 | 0.752 | 0.782 | 0.798 | 0.808 | 0.8146 |
| Q | 0 | 0.122 | 0.292 | 0.461 | 0.63 | 0.7986 | 0.967 |
As can be seen from review Table 1, the flow channel designed by the method for designing the flow channel section body type according to the invention has the advantages that under the normal operation condition, the water depth meets the requirements, the flow velocity value in the flow variable amplitude region mostly meets the requirements, and the flow velocity value is slightly more than 0.8m/s only when the flow reaches the upper limit value, so the flow channel basically meets the requirements, and the stable side slope coefficient is as follows:
the stable side slope coefficient is more than 2.0, and the requirement is also met. Therefore, the shape of the section of the runner designed by the method meets the requirements.
Calculating example II:
a model test shows that the sediment-free flow rate of a water-conveying main channel is set to be 0.9m/s, and the flow amplitude is 30-120 m under the normal operation condition 3 And/s, the channels are arranged in a nearly parallel contour line in the planning stage, and the flow channels are arrangedThe longitudinal slope value is 1/10000, the stable side slope coefficient m=2.0, and the channel section body type is tried.
The section lining structure adopts cast-in-situ concrete slab, and the section roughness value of the runner is selected to be n=0.016. The flow channel longitudinal slope value adopts a planning stage value, i.e. i=1/10000. The set flow rate has a lower limit requirement, and the set flow rate v=1.25m/s (the value is smaller than the value of the no-impact flow rate of the cast-in-situ concrete slab). It can be derived that:
the mathematical model of the section body type of the channel is:
the water passing area of the channel is as follows:
the section wet cycle of the channel is:
the relevant parameters of the mathematical model of the section body type of the channel are reviewed by reviewing some of the data listed in table 2.
Review Table 2
| x | 2.828 | 4.0 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 20 |
| y | 0 | 2.493 | 3.915 | 4.808 | 5.474 | 6.008 | 6.653 | 7.478 |
| A | 0 | 15.998 | 29.447 | 42.326 | 54.250 | 65.96 | 83.318 | 111.983 |
| P | 5.656 | 11.313 | 16.239 | 20.623 | 24.839 | 28.98 | 35.118 | 45.254 |
| R | 0 | 1.414 | 1.813 | 2.052 | 2.184 | 2.276 | 2.373 | 2.475 |
| C | 0 | 66.216 | 69.015 | 70.457 | 71.191 | 71.682 | 72.18 | 72.688 |
| V | 0 | 0.787 | 0.929 | 1.01 | 1.052 | 1.081 | 1.112 | 1.144 |
| Q | 0 | 12.597 | 27.364 | 42.729 | 57.075 | 71.331 | 92.641 | 128.108 |
From review Table 2, it is clear that the flow velocity amplitude is 0.9 to 1.14m/s in the amplitude range of the flow, and the stable slope coefficient of the section is:
the stable side slope coefficient is more than 2.0. Therefore, under the normal operation working condition, the average flow velocity value of the section meets the requirement, and the stable side slope coefficient of the section meets the requirement of the stable side slope.
Calculating example III:
a dam-free runoff water diversion hydropower station in a certain cold area in the north is operated in winter, and experimental study proves that when the flow rate of a water diversion channel is more than 1.5m/s, a channel bank slope is not easy to freeze. The capacity of the power station total assembly machine is 7.2 kw (1.6+2 multiplied by 2.8 kw), wherein the small unit is specially arranged for small flow in winter, the water head is designed to be 133m, and the maximum diversion flow is designed to be 63m 3 And/s. The water inflow of the natural river in winter is 7-12 m 3 And/s, which is most present in the last 2 months of the following year from 12 months of the year, wherein the air temperature is the lowest in the whole year for about 90 days, so that the single-machine operation flow of the small machine set (the machine set is in a non-vibration area when the output is not less than 60% of the rated output) can be met, if the output of the small machine set in the period can reach 1 ten thousand kw on average, the income of 507 ten thousand yuan per year can be increased according to the current internet power price, and the engineering belongs to a high-value project. The length of the water channel is 10km, the longitudinal slope value of the channel is 1/2500, and the concrete slab is cast in situ for lining. Channel cross section body shape was tried.
Water flow section construction only considering small flow rate in winterThe shape of the section of other (upper) parts of the mould and the lining structure type can be selected according to local conditions and can be smoothly connected with the small flow section. The flow rate has the lower limit requirement, the primary selection is set to have the flow rate V=2.0m/s, the longitudinal slope value i=1/2500 of the flow channel, and the high-molecular material rough-reducing coating is sprayed on the surface of the conventional concrete slab lining after the completion of the engineering high-value attribute is considered, so that the selection of n=0.011 can obtain:
the mathematical model of the section body type of the runner is:
the cross-sectional area of the flow channel is:
the wet circumference of the section of the runner is:
the parameters associated with the mathematical model of the section body shape of the flow channel were reviewed by review of some of the data listed in table 3.
Review Table 3
| x | 1.154 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.5 |
| y | 0 | 0.873 | 1.324 | 1.625 | 1.857 | 2.047 |
| A | 0 | 2.213 | 3.771 | 5.119 | 6.392 | 7.626 |
| P | 2.308 | 4.225 | 5.575 | 6.744 | 7.8466 | 8.917 |
| R | 0 | 0.524 | 0.6764 | 0.759 | 0.8146 | 0.8552 |
| C | 0 | 81.62 | 85.173 | 86.826 | 87.855 | 88.570 |
| V | 0 | 1.182 | 1.401 | 1.513 | 1.586 | 1.638 |
| Q | 0 | 2.615 | 5.283 | 7.744 | 10.137 | 12.49 |
As is clear from review Table 3, the flow rate variation is 7.74 to 12m 3 At/s, the flow velocity amplitude is 1.5-1.6 m/s, the requirement that the icing-free flow velocity is more than 1.5m/s is met, and the section shape of the flow passage is proper. The geometry of the small flow body is as follows: bottom width 2.308m, water surface width 7.0m, water depth 2.05m, wet circumference 8.92m.
Calculation example four:
the dam type of the river blocking dam is a soil-rock dam, and the open spillway is arranged at the natural bealock at the left bank of the dam abutment, and the steep slope section of the chute is 500m long. The section is positioned in a natural dry punching ditch, has deep slope and is positioned on two sides of the mountainThe width of the spillway is limited by the site and is not suitable to exceed 60m due to steep body. The excavation stability side slope coefficient is 1:4.0. The longitudinal slope value of the flow channel of natural topography is 1/15. Flood discharge flow of 14-310 m with different guarantee rates 3 Interval/s. Model tests show that when the flow speed is greater than 6m/s, high-speed water flow can be generated when the flood discharge section discharges flood, the height of the side wall of the flood discharge groove is required to be increased when the water flow is aerated, and cavitation damage can be generated on the lining structure by the high-speed water flow. The shape of the cross section of the chute is initially calculated according to the above conditions.
The flow rate has an upper limit requirement, and the set flow rate v=6.0 m/s is taken. The value of the longitudinal slope of the runner is i=1/15. The section body has width limitation, and the B value is preferably larger, so that the section structure adopts roughened concrete lining, and n=0.04 is selected. It can be derived that:
the numerical model equation of the section body type of the spillway is as follows:
the cross-sectional area of the spillway is:
the section wet cycle of the spillway is:
the parameters associated with the mathematical model of the section body shape of the flow channel were reviewed by review of some of the data listed in table 4.
Review Table 4
| x | 0.896 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 |
| y | 0 | 1.292 | 1.683 | 2.154 | 2.580 | 2.781 | 3.145 | 3.403 | 3.603 | 3.767 |
| A | 0 | 3.204 | 5.131 | 8.815 | 14.246 | 17.848 | 26.832 | 35.804 | 44.771 | 53.736 |
| P | 1.792 | 5.368 | 7.519 | 11.630 | 17.691 | 21.712 | 31.738 | 41.752 | 51.76 | 61.765 |
| R | 0 | 0.597 | 0.682 | 0.758 | 0.805 | 0.8221 | 0.8454 | 0.8575 | 0.865 | 0.870 |
| C | 0 | 22.94 | 23.455 | 23.872 | 24.112 | 24.197 | 24.310 | 24.368 | 24.403 | 24.426 |
| V | 0 | 4.577 | 5.00 | 5.366 | 5.586 | 5.665 | 5.771 | 5.826 | 5.860 | 5.883 |
| Q | 0 | 14.665 | 25.655 | 47.30 | 79.578 | 137.07 | 154.85 | 208.60 | 262.36 | 316.11 |
As can be seen from review Table 4, the flow amplitude is 14-316 m 3 In the interval of/s, the flow velocity amplitude is between 4.57 and 5.88m/s, and the flow velocity does not exceed the set flow velocity by 6m/s, so that high-speed water flow can not be generatedThe water surface width is 60m, the average side slope coefficient is m=7.73, and the requirements are met.
Calculation example five:
the flow amplitude of a river channel passing through a city is 7-20 m in the non-flood period 3 And/s, the landscape river is created by combining urban flood control and upgrading, namely, the water leisure and entertainment activities are carried out in the river channel in the flood season. The river channel longitudinal slope value is 1/2500, the flow rate required in the non-flood season is not more than 0.5m/s, flood passing two banks are blocked by the vertical retaining wall in the flood season, the water depth is not less than 2.0m under normal working conditions, the bank slope ratio is not steeper than 1:3, and the water surface width is not more than 50m due to the fact that the river channel urban section is a built-up area.
The flow rate has the upper limit requirement, V=0.5 m/s is adopted, the longitudinal slope value of the river channel is i=1/2500, the body type upper opening width and the water depth are limited, the B value is preferably larger, cast-in-situ roughened concrete plate lining can be adopted, and the section rough value n=0.035 is selected. It can be derived that:
the mathematical model of the section body type of the river channel is as follows:
the cross-sectional area of the river channel is:
the section wet cycle of the river channel is as follows:
the parameters associated with the mathematical model of the section body shape of the flow channel were reviewed by review of some of the data listed in table 5.
Review Table 5
| x | 0.818 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 |
| y | 0 | 2.042 | 2.613 | 2.946 | 3.181 | 3.364 |
| A | 0 | 8.07 | 16.305 | 24.503 | 32.693 | 40.878 |
| P | 1.636 | 11.501 | 21.569 | 31.591 | 41.603 | 51.609 |
| R | 0 | 0.702 | 0.756 | 0.7756 | 0.786 | 0.792 |
| C | 0 | 26.933 | 27.27 | 27.387 | 27.447 | 27.483 |
| V | 0 | 0.451 | 0.474 | 0.482 | 0.487 | 0.489 |
| Q | 0 | 3.642 | 7.732 | 11.82 | 15.910 | 19.996 |
From review of Table 5, it is found that when the flow amplitude is 7 to 20m3/s, the flow speed amplitude is very small, the average bank slope ratio m=7.19 is 0.47 to 0.49m/s, the water surface width is 50m, and the section body shape meets the requirements.
Example IV
A storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method of designing a runner section body shape as described above.
These program code may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows.
Storage media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and information storage may be implemented by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of storage media may include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static Random Access Memory (SRAM), dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), read Only Memory (ROM), electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, read only compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device.
Example five
A computer device comprising a processor and a storage medium storing program code which, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method of designing a runner section profile as described above.
In one embodiment, a computer device includes one or more processors (CPUs), an input/output interface, a network interface, and memory.
The memory may include forms of non-volatile memory, random Access Memory (RAM), and/or nonvolatile memory in a computer-readable medium, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or FLASH RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.
It is noted that the terms used herein are used merely to describe particular embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments in accordance with the present application and when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.
It should be understood that the exemplary embodiments in this specification may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of these exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art, and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The design method of the runner section body type is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a section roughness value of the runner according to the roughness of the inner surface of the runner, and determining a runner longitudinal slope value of the runner according to the slope of the terrain where the runner is located, comprising: determining the relation between the preset section roughness value, the longitudinal slope value of the runner and the section shape parameter of the runner by using the following steps:
wherein B represents a section shape parameter of the flow channel, n represents a section roughness value of the flow channel, V represents a preset flow velocity, and i represents a longitudinal slope value of the flow channel;
determining a parameter value of a section shape parameter of a flow channel according to a preset section roughness value, a flow channel longitudinal slope value and a section shape parameter of the flow channel based on a relation among the preset section roughness value, the flow channel longitudinal slope value and the section shape parameter of the flow channel, wherein the section shape parameter is inversely related to the width-to-depth ratio of the section of the flow channel;
determining the relation among the section roughness value, the longitudinal slope value, the section area and the section wet circumference of the flow channel;
based on the relation between the preset section roughness value, the runner longitudinal slope value and the section shape parameter of the runner, the relation among the section roughness value, the runner longitudinal slope value, the section area of the runner and the section wet circumference of the runner is combined, and the shape model of the single-side slope of the runner section is determined according to the parameter value of the section shape parameter of the runner, and the method comprises the following steps: determining the shape model using the formula:
wherein B represents a section shape parameter of the flow channel, x represents an abscissa in a plane rectangular coordinate system, and y represents an ordinate in the plane rectangular coordinate system;
and designing the section shape of the flow channel according to the shape model so that the flow velocity in the flow channel tends to a preset fixed value when the flow rate in the flow channel is increased.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the relationship between the section roughness value of the runner, the longitudinal slope value of the runner, the section area of the runner, and the section wet circumference comprises:
and determining the relation among the section roughness value, the longitudinal slope value, the section area and the section wet circumference of the flow channel according to a Manning formula and a Xuezhi formula.
3. The method of designing a runner section profile as set forth in claim 2, wherein the relationship between the runner section roughness value, the runner longitudinal slope value, the runner section area and the section wet circumference is determined by using the following formula:
wherein A represents the sectional area of the flow channel, P represents the sectional wet circumference of the flow channel, n represents the sectional roughness value of the flow channel, V represents the preset flow velocity, and i represents the longitudinal slope value of the flow channel.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the shape model of the single-sided slope of the runner section based on the preset relationship between the section roughness value, the runner longitudinal slope value and the section shape parameter of the runner, in combination with the relationship between the section roughness value, the runner longitudinal slope value, the section area of the runner and the section wet circumference, according to the parameter value of the section shape parameter of the runner, comprises:
determining the relation among the cross-sectional area, the cross-sectional wet circumference and the cross-sectional shape parameters of the flow channel according to the relation among the preset cross-sectional roughness value, the flow channel longitudinal slope value and the cross-sectional shape parameters of the flow channel and the relation among the cross-sectional roughness value, the flow channel longitudinal slope value, the cross-sectional area and the cross-sectional wet circumference of the flow channel;
determining a differential expression representing the cross-sectional area of the flow channel and a differential expression representing the wet perimeter of the cross-section of the flow channel in a planar rectangular coordinate system;
the shape model of the single-side slope of the flow channel section is determined based on the relation among the section area of the flow channel, the section wet circumference and the section shape parameter of the flow channel, and the differential expression of the section area of the flow channel and the differential expression of the section wet circumference.
5. The method of designing a cross-sectional shape of a runner according to claim 4, wherein the relationship among the cross-sectional area of the runner, the cross-sectional wet perimeter, and the cross-sectional shape parameter of the runner is determined by the following formula:
wherein A represents the cross-sectional area of the flow channel, P represents the cross-sectional wet circumference of the flow channel, and B represents the cross-sectional shape parameter of the flow channel.
6. A flow channel section body shape designed by the method for designing a flow channel section body shape according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. A storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, realizes the steps of the method for designing a runner section body shape according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. A computer device comprising a processor and a storage medium storing program code which, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method of designing a runner section body shape according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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