CN111662763B - 一种乳化型水基金属加工液的生物抑菌剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种乳化型水基金属加工液的生物抑菌剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种乳化型水基金属加工液的生物抑菌剂及其制备方法，包括微生物菌体和助剂；所述微生物菌体为双歧杆菌、短乳杆菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌、丁酸梭菌中的一种或几种；所述助剂包括组分A、组分B和组分C，所述组分A为乳酸菌肽、吩嗪、变形菌素、碱性蛋白酶、弹性蛋白酶中的一种或几种，所述组分B为天冬氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸中的一种或几种，所述组分C为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、肌醇、抗坏血酸、鼠李糖脂、戊二酸中的一种或几种。本发明所述的生物抑菌剂不仅可以有效延长金属加工液的使用周期，还可以减少化学杀菌剂对环境和人体的危害。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于金属加工液领域，尤其是涉及一种乳化型水基金属加工液的生物抑菌剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
金属加工液是指在金属加工过程中起到冷却、润滑、防锈、清洗等作用的液体，通常由大部分的矿物油、植物油、合成油等基础油和少量的各种添加剂组成。乳化型金属加工液存在一个关键难题，即其O/W型乳化工作液中易侵染微生物、易发生腐败，这是由于金属加工液中的基础油和某些添加剂都是微生物生存繁殖的营养物质。当微生物大量繁殖时，会导致金属加工液pH值下降，润滑性能、防锈性能等降低，使用寿命缩短，并产生难闻的气味、恶化工作环境并危害操作者的身体健康。目前常用解决方法是加入化学杀菌剂，抑制腐败菌的生长。化学杀菌剂的主要类型有甲醛类、烷烃衍生物、吗啉类、酚类、季胺盐化合物等。然而化学杀菌剂的加入不可避免地会对人或环境造成危害，并且长时间使用化学杀菌剂会导致微生物产生抗性而失去效果。
公开号为CN109797025A的专利申请提供了一种基于生物法的水基切削液防臭剂，采用醇类化学试剂进行前期杀菌抑菌后、再加入酵母干粉或酵母活菌液进行抑菌。根据实施例可以得知，该化学+生物防臭方法比较适合切削液废液或在用切削液的防臭处理，但该发明并没有说明该防臭剂的加入是否会影响切削液的使用性能(如防锈、润滑等)和体系稳定性能(特别是亚稳体系的乳化型切削液)，而且该酵母菌剂也被明确是对厌氧菌和兼性厌氧菌等易产臭的腐败菌比较有效。
故研发一种能够有效抑制加工液使用过程中微生物大量繁殖，同时也能保证不影响加工液的使用性能和体系稳定性能的生物抑菌剂是本领域亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明旨在提出一种乳化型水基金属加工液的生物抑菌剂及其制备方法，解决乳化型水基金属加工液易腐败的问题，提供了一种适用于乳化型水基金属加工液的生物抑菌剂，其中所涉及的微生物抑菌剂可直接添加至金属加工液中，在不影响金属加工液的防锈、润滑等各项性能的基础上延长金属加工液的使用寿命。微生物抑菌剂的使用可以减少甚至避免化学杀菌剂的使用，是一种环境友好型抑菌剂。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种乳化型水基金属加工液的生物抑菌剂，包括微生物菌体和助剂；所述微生物菌体为优势生长微生物，所述优势生长微生物为双歧杆菌、短乳杆菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌、丁酸梭菌中的一种或几种；所述助剂包括组分A、组分B和组分C，所述组分A为乳酸菌肽、吩嗪、变形菌素、碱性蛋白酶、弹性蛋白酶中的一种或几种，所述组分B为天冬氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸中的一种或几种，所述组分C为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、肌醇、抗坏血酸、鼠李糖脂、戊二酸中的一种或几种。
优选地，所述生物抑菌剂中各组分的质量百分比为：微生物菌体1％～5％，组分A0.04％～0.09％；组分B 0.5％～0.9％；组分C 0.6％～0.9％；其余为灭菌去离子水。
优选地，所述生物抑菌剂中活菌数至少为30亿/mL。
优选地，所述的微生物菌体均是从自然界水体中提取并经过代际扩培获得。
本发明还提供一种上述乳化型水基金属加工液的生物抑菌剂的制备方法，该方法具体包括如下步骤：
(1)无菌操作条件下，挑取斜面保藏菌种，三区划线至LB平板培养基上，36℃活化培养24h，得到单菌落；
(2)从LB平板固体培养基上挑取单菌落，转接至LB液体培养基中，于36℃、120r/min的恒温振荡器中培养48h，得到菌液；
(3)将菌液用无菌生理盐水反复洗涤离心，洗涤3～4次，去掉上清液，得到的沉淀物即为微生物菌体；
(4)将微生物菌体和助剂混合，然后添加到灭菌去离子水中得到生物抑菌剂。
本发明还提供应用上述生物抑菌剂的乳化型水基金属加工液，所述乳化型水基金属加工液中包含质量百分比为0.5～3.5％的生物抑菌剂。
本发明通过向金属加工液中添加微生物抑菌剂，实现在不影响加工液pH值、防锈性能和润滑性能的基础上利用添加微生物去抑制不可控杂菌大量繁殖的“生物抑菌”技术。生物抑菌剂不仅可以有效延长金属加工液的使用周期，还可以减少化学杀菌剂对环境和人体的危害，对新一代长寿命环保型水基金属加工液的发展具有十分重要的意义。
相对于现有技术，本发明所述的乳化型水基金属加工液的生物抑菌剂及其制备方法具有以下优势：
(1)平衡水体微生物：本发明采用“生物抑菌”的生物控制技术，利用优势生长微生物对金属加工液中的杂菌繁殖进行抑制，在不影响金属加工液的防锈、润滑等各项性能的基础上防止金属加工液的腐败、延长其使用寿命。
(2)安全环保：本发明中所述的生物抑菌剂的使用，可以减少甚至避免化学杀菌剂的使用，减少对环境以及操作人员的危害；其次，微生物抑菌剂还具有成本低、使用安全、经济效益高、无环境污染等优点。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中Y1(绿脓杆菌)菌落形态；
图2为实施例1中0％抑菌剂+0％杀菌剂的抑菌效果(第56天)；
图3为实施例1中1.5％抑菌剂+0％杀菌剂的抑菌效果(第56天)；
图4为实施例1中1.5％抑菌剂+0.05％杀菌剂的抑菌效果(第56天)；
图5为实施例1中1.5％抑菌剂+0.075％杀菌剂的抑菌效果(第56天)；
图6为实施例1中不同时间内抑菌剂对pH值的影响；
图7为实施例1中抑菌剂对润滑性的影响(第56天)，其初始添加：A.0％抑菌剂+0％杀菌剂，B.1.5％抑菌剂+0％杀菌剂，C.1.5％抑菌剂+0.05％杀菌剂，D.1.5％抑菌剂+0.075％杀菌剂，E.0％抑菌剂+0.15％杀菌剂。
具体实施方式
除有定义外，以下实施例中所用的技术术语具有与本发明所属领域技术人员普遍理解的相同含义。以下实施例中所用的试验试剂，如无特殊说明，均为常规生化试剂；所述实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。
下面结合实施例及附图来详细说明本发明。
实施例1
以菌株Y1(绿脓杆菌)制备的乳化型水基金属加工液的生物抑菌剂为例。
该生物抑菌剂中各组分的质量百分比为：微生物菌体2％，组分A 0.05％；组分B0.7％；组分C 0.6％；其余为灭菌去离子水。其中，微生物菌体选用绿脓杆菌，组分A为吩嗪、碱性蛋白酶(二者质量比为3：2)，组分B为缬氨酸，组分C为抗坏血酸、鼠李糖脂(二者质量比为1：2)。
菌株Y1(绿脓杆菌)的菌落形态如图1所示，菌落褐色，表面湿润。含有菌株Y1的生物抑菌剂的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)无菌操作条件下，挑取斜面保藏菌种，三区划线至LB平板培养基上，36℃活化培养24h，得到单菌落；
(2)从LB平板固体培养基上挑取单菌落，转接至LB液体培养基中，于36℃、120r/min的恒温振荡器中培养48h，得到菌液；
(3)将菌液用无菌生理盐水反复洗涤离心，洗涤3-4次，去掉上清液，得到的沉淀物即为所述微生物菌体；
(4)将微生物菌体和助剂按质量百分比混合，然后添加到灭菌去离子水中得到生物抑菌剂。
实施例2
以菌株H3(短乳杆菌)制备的乳化型水基金属加工液的生物抑菌剂为例。
该生物抑菌剂中各组分的质量百分比为：微生物菌体3％，组分A 0.04％；组分B0.6％；组分C 0.8％；其余为灭菌去离子水。其中，微生物菌体选用短乳杆菌，组分A为乳酸菌肽，组分B为天冬氨酸、精氨酸(二者质量比为1:1)，组分C为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、肌醇(二者质量比为3：1)。
含有菌株H3(短乳杆菌)的生物抑菌剂的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)无菌操作条件下，挑取斜面保藏菌种，三区划线至LB平板培养基上，36℃活化培养24h，得到单菌落。
(2)从LB平板固体培养基上挑取单菌落，转接至LB液体培养基中，于36℃、120r/min的恒温振荡器中培养48h，得到菌液；
(3)将菌液用无菌生理盐水反复洗涤离心，洗涤3-4次，去掉上清液，得到的沉淀物即为所述微生物菌体；
(4)将微生物菌体和助剂按质量百分比混合，然后添加到灭菌去离子水中得到生物抑菌剂。
实施例3
以菌株D5(变形杆菌)制备的乳化型水基金属加工液的生物抑菌剂为例。
该生物抑菌剂中各组分的质量百分比为：微生物菌体5％，组分A 0.07％；组分B0.8％；组分C 0.7％；其余为灭菌去离子水。其中，微生物菌体选用变形杆菌，组分A为变形菌素、弹性蛋白酶(二者质量比为4：3)，组分B为脯氨酸、亮氨酸(二者质量比为5:3)，组分C为戊二酸。
含有菌株D5(变形杆菌)的生物抑菌剂的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)无菌操作条件下，挑取斜面保藏菌种，三区划线至LB平板培养基上，36℃活化培养24h，得到单菌落。
(2)从LB平板固体培养基上挑取单菌落，转接至LB液体培养基中，于36℃、120r/min的恒温振荡器中培养48h，得到菌液；
(3)将菌液用无菌生理盐水反复洗涤离心，洗涤3-4次，去掉上清液，得到的沉淀物即为所述微生物菌体；
(4)将微生物菌体和助剂按质量百分比混合，然后添加到灭菌去离子水中得到生物抑菌剂。
将上述实施例1制得的生物抑菌剂以1.5％的质量比加入水基金属加工液(无杀菌剂)乳化液中，置于30℃水浴，每天曝气8h，运行56天，进行现场模拟试验，检验生物抑菌剂的抑菌效果以及生物抑菌剂的加入对金属加工液pH值、防锈性能和润滑性能的影响。
试验结果表明，如图2所示，在未添加抑菌剂和杀菌剂(Wsplus)的供试加工液中生长大量腐败菌，如图3、4、5所示，在仅添加抑菌剂和配合减量杀菌剂(0.05％、0.075％，原配方中杀菌剂标准用量为0.15％)的供试加工液中仅生长Y1，表明抑菌剂中的Y1具有优良的抑菌效果；并且抑菌剂的加入未使金属加工液的pH值下降(图6)；同时，与对照组0％抑菌剂+0.15％杀菌剂相比，实验组0％抑菌剂+0％杀菌剂、1.5％抑菌剂+0％杀菌剂、1.5％抑菌剂+0.05％杀菌剂的攻丝扭矩分别提高5.39％、4.70％、0.70％，实验组1.5％抑菌剂+0.075％杀菌剂的攻丝扭矩下降1.04％，变化幅度较小，即微生物抑菌剂的加入不会影响金属加工液的润滑性能(如图7所示)。
另外，如表1所示，抑菌剂的加入未使金属加工液的防锈性能降低。
表1不同时间内抑菌剂对防锈性能的影响
综上所述，微生物抑菌剂可以作为一种添加剂加入到乳化型水基金属加工液中，能够实现在不影响加工液pH值、防锈性能和润滑性能的基础上利用添加微生物去抑制不可控杂菌的大量繁殖，是一种可行的生物抑菌和防腐技术。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种乳化型水基金属加工液的生物抑菌剂，其特征在于：包括微生物菌体和助剂；所述微生物菌体为优势生长微生物，所述优势生长微生物为双歧杆菌、短乳杆菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌、丁酸梭菌中的一种或几种；所述助剂包括组分A、组分B和组分C，所述组分A为乳酸菌肽、吩嗪、变形菌素、碱性蛋白酶、弹性蛋白酶中的一种或几种，所述组分B为天冬氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸中的一种或几种，所述组分C为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、肌醇、抗坏血酸、鼠李糖脂、戊二酸中的一种或几种；
所述生物抑菌剂中各组分的质量百分比为：微生物菌体1%~5%，组分A 0.04%~0.09%；组分B 0.5%~0.9%；组分C 0.6%~0.9%；其余为灭菌去离子水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的乳化型水基金属加工液的生物抑菌剂，其特征在于：所述生物抑菌剂中活菌数至少为30亿/mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的乳化型水基金属加工液的生物抑菌剂，其特征在于：所述的微生物菌体均是从自然界水体中提取并经过代际扩培获得。
4.一种权利要求1-3任一所述的乳化型水基金属加工液的生物抑菌剂的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
(1)无菌操作条件下，挑取斜面保藏菌种，三区划线至LB平板培养基上，36℃活化培养24h，得到单菌落；
(2)从LB平板固体培养基上挑取单菌落，转接至LB液体培养基中，于36℃、120 r/min的恒温振荡器中培养48 h，得到菌液；
(3)将菌液用无菌生理盐水反复洗涤离心，洗涤3~4次，去掉上清液，得到的沉淀物即为微生物菌体；
(4)将微生物菌体和助剂混合，然后添加到灭菌去离子水中得到生物抑菌剂。
5.包含权利要求1-3任一所述的生物抑菌剂的乳化型水基金属加工液，其特征在于：所述乳化型水基金属加工液中包含质量百分比为0.5~3.5%的生物抑菌剂。
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