CN111662739A - Method for preparing high-quality tar by pyrolyzing plastic wastes - Google Patents

Method for preparing high-quality tar by pyrolyzing plastic wastes Download PDF

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CN111662739A
CN111662739A CN202010456253.5A CN202010456253A CN111662739A CN 111662739 A CN111662739 A CN 111662739A CN 202010456253 A CN202010456253 A CN 202010456253A CN 111662739 A CN111662739 A CN 111662739A
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catalyst
pyrolysis
catalytic
flue gas
distribution pipe
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王雨田
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Shantou Guyuan New Energy Co ltd
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Shantou Guyuan New Energy Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing high-quality tar by pyrolyzing plastic wastes, which comprises the following steps: carrying out pyrolysis reaction on plastic wastes in a pyrolysis reactor to generate pyrolysis steam and pyrolysis carbon, and carrying out catalytic modification reaction on the pyrolysis steam in a catalytic reactor, wherein the temperature of the catalytic modification reaction is within the range of 400-600 ℃, and the catalyst of the catalytic modification reaction is a solid acidic catalyst; condensing the catalytic modified pyrolysis steam, and separating out pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas; wherein, the content of gasoline fraction in the pyrolysis oil is more than 11.8 weight percent, the content of diesel oil fraction is more than 40.3 weight percent, and the content of heavy oil fraction is more than 28.4 weight percent. The method of the invention can overcome the defect of low quality of gasoline and diesel oil prepared by thermal cracking of plastic wastes in the prior art, and has flexible operation and low operation cost.

Description

Method for preparing high-quality tar by pyrolyzing plastic wastes
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plastic waste treatment, in particular to a method for recycling plastic waste to prepare high-quality tar.
Background
With the advancement of science and technology, plastics play an increasingly important role in modern life, the production and consumption of plastics are increasing, and 260 hundred million tons of plastic wastes are expected to be generated by 2050. Because plastics cannot be easily degraded and the traditional plastic treatment mode is mainly landfill and incineration, the pollution of the plastics to the environment is more and more severe. At present, the pyrolysis technology is reported to be used for treating plastics, and compared with the traditional landfill and incineration treatment mode, the pyrolysis technology is being supported by more and more policies and is determined by the industry.
However, the existing pyrolysis technology has simple process, but has rough production process, disordered products and low content of gasoline fraction and diesel fraction. Thus, the existing pyrolysis technology is in need of improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing high-quality tar by pyrolyzing plastic wastes. The method can efficiently pyrolyze the plastic wastes, effectively separate the pyrolyzed products, and particularly can improve the quality of gasoline and diesel oil in the pyrolyzed products.
The method for preparing high-quality tar by pyrolyzing plastic wastes comprises the following steps:
performing pyrolysis reaction on the plastic waste in a pyrolysis reactor to generate pyrolysis steam and pyrolysis carbon,
carrying out catalytic modification reaction on the pyrolysis steam in a catalytic reactor, wherein the temperature of the catalytic modification reaction is within the range of 400-600 ℃, and the catalyst of the catalytic modification reaction is a solid acid catalyst;
condensing the catalytic modified pyrolysis steam, and separating out pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas; wherein, the content of gasoline fraction in the pyrolysis oil is more than 11.8 weight percent, the content of diesel oil fraction is more than 40.3 weight percent, and the content of heavy oil fraction is more than 28.4 weight percent.
In some embodiments, the solid acid catalyst is selected from Al2O3/SO4 2-、SiO2-Al2O3And zeolite. In some embodiments, the solid acid catalyst may be a metal salt, such as: AlPO4, BPO4(ii) a In some embodiments, the solid acid catalyst may be natural clay, kaolin, bentonite, and the like.
In some embodiments, the conditions of the pyrolysis reaction include: under the condition of no oxygen or lack of oxygen, the temperature is within the range of 500-650 ℃, and the pressure is within the range of 1-5 KPa.
In some embodiments, the process of the present invention further comprises a catalyst regeneration step: the catalyst of the catalytic upgrading reaction is sent into a catalyst regenerator and is burned at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃.
In some embodiments, the catalyst regenerator comprises a catalyst regenerator body, at least one distributor and at least one air distribution pipe, wherein a cavity of the catalyst regenerator body forms a catalyst regeneration chamber, a catalyst inlet is arranged at the top of the catalyst regenerator body, a catalyst outlet is arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the catalyst regenerator body, the distributor is arranged in the upper half cavity of the catalyst regenerator body, and the air distribution pipe is arranged in the lower half cavity of the catalyst regenerator body and is communicated with the catalyst outlet; and a combustor is arranged below the air distribution pipe and on the side wall of the lower half cavity of the catalyst regenerator body opposite to the catalyst outlet.
In some embodiments, the air distribution pipe is a cylindrical pipe body with a closed upper opening and an open lower opening, the side wall of the air distribution pipe is provided with a plurality of flue gas outlet holes, the upper opening of the air distribution pipe is communicated with the catalyst regeneration chamber, the lower opening of the air distribution pipe is communicated with the combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber is formed by a cavity formed by surrounding the bottom wall of the air distribution pipe, the bottom wall of the catalyst regenerator body and the side wall.
In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the combustion chamber is a half trapezoid with a bevel angle of 45-55 ℃.
In some embodiments, the flue gas outlet holes have a pore size of 3mm to 5 mm.
In some embodiments, the catalyst outlet of the catalytic reactor is connected to the catalyst inlet of the catalyst regenerator, and the catalyst inlet of the catalytic reactor is connected to the catalyst outlet of the catalyst regenerator.
The method of the invention firstly heats, melts, pyrolyzes and cracks the plastic waste into a gaseous state under the oxygen-free state, and then introduces thermal cracking steam into a catalytic reactor filled with a catalyst for catalytic modification. The process of the method of the invention is also referred to as two-stage process. In the catalytic modification process of the pyrolysis product, reactions such as alkane isomerization, ring structure, olefin aromatization and the like occur, so that the octane number of the gasoline fraction can be improved. The method can overcome the defect of low quality of gasoline and diesel oil prepared by thermal cracking of plastic wastes in the prior art, and has flexible operation and low operation cost. The technology can really realize the harmless and recycling treatment of the waste plastics, has the advantages of safety, environmental protection, high efficiency and energy conservation, and is the most important ultimate treatment means of the polymer wastes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a system for preparing high-quality tar by pyrolyzing plastic wastes according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the catalyst regenerator of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the air distribution pipe 36 in the catalyst regenerator of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
a pyrolysis reactor-1; catalytic reactor-2; catalyst regenerator-3; a dust removal device-4; a condensation separation device-5; flue gas furnace-6; a heat exchanger-7; plastic-101; light oil-102; pyrolysis water-103; pyrolysis gas-104; pyrolytic carbon-105; air-106; flue gas-107;
a catalyst regeneration chamber-31; a combustion chamber-32; catalyst inlet-33; a flue gas outlet-34; a distributor-35; an air distribution pipe-36; a burner-37; catalyst outlet-38; a flue gas inlet-361; flue gas outlet-362.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, specific embodiments thereof will be described in detail below.
The invention provides a safe, reliable and efficient method for preparing high-quality tar by pyrolyzing plastic wastes.
The method of the invention is provided according to the pyrolysis characteristic of the plastic waste. The plastic waste is first fed into a pyrolysis reactor for pyrolysis, producing high temperature pyrolysis steam. The pyrolysis vapors are then fed into a catalytic reactor for catalytic modification reactions. The catalytic reactor is generally a fluidized bed reactor and has the characteristics of high mass transfer and heat transfer efficiency. Under the action of catalyst, the pyrolysis steam is reacted with alkane isomerization, ring structure, olefin aromatization, etc. so as to raise the quality of pyrolysis oil and can obviously raise the octane number of gasoline fraction. In the catalytic reforming reaction, the catalyst used is a solid acidic catalyst, which may be, for example, Al2O3/SO4 2-、SiO2-Al2O3Zeolites, and the like.
After the catalyst reacts for a period of time, the phenomena of carbon deposition, tar adhesion and the like of the catalyst can occur, so that the activity of the catalyst is reduced, and the catalytic effect of the catalyst is influenced. Thus, in some embodiments, the process of the present invention further comprises a catalyst regeneration step. The catalyst is regenerated in the catalyst regenerator, so that the catalyst is recycled. The catalyst is heated and burned in the catalyst regenerator to remove carbon and tar attached to the catalyst.
And (3) separating pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis steam subjected to catalytic modification by a condensation separation unit, wherein the content of gasoline fraction in the pyrolysis oil is more than 11.8 wt%, the content of diesel fraction is more than 40.3 wt%, and the content of heavy oil fraction is more than 28.4 wt%.
And part of the separated pyrolysis gas can be used as fuel gas to enter a flue gas furnace for combustion, and the generated high-temperature flue gas provides heat for the pyrolysis reactor. The flue gas discharged from the outlet of the pyrolysis reactor exchanges heat with air through the heat exchanger, and the air after heat exchange can be sent into the flue gas furnace to be used as combustion-supporting air.
In the invention, the catalyst regenerator comprises a catalyst regenerator body, at least one distributor and at least one air distribution pipe, wherein a cavity of the catalyst regenerator body forms a catalyst regeneration chamber, the top of the catalyst regenerator body is provided with a catalyst inlet, the side wall of the bottom of the catalyst regenerator body is provided with a catalyst outlet, the distributor is arranged in the upper half cavity of the catalyst regenerator body, and the air distribution pipe is arranged in the lower half cavity of the catalyst regenerator body and is communicated with the catalyst outlet; and a combustor is arranged below the air distribution pipe and on the side wall of the lower half cavity of the catalyst regenerator body opposite to the catalyst outlet.
The deactivated catalyst exhausted from the catalytic reactor is fed into the catalyst regenerator and is uniformly distributed in the catalyst regeneration chamber through a distributor, the high-temperature flue gas rich in oxygen is fed into the catalyst regeneration chamber through an air distribution pipe and is contacted with the deactivated catalyst, the deactivated catalyst is subjected to high-temperature oxidation reaction in an environment with excessive air, and carbon and tar attached to the catalyst are oxidized and removed, so that the catalyst regeneration is realized.
The method is implemented by a system for preparing high-quality tar by pyrolyzing the plastic wastes.
The system for preparing high-quality tar by pyrolyzing plastic wastes comprises: pyrolysis reactor, catalytic reactor, catalyst regenerator, dust collector, condensation separator, flue gas stove, heat exchanger. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a pyrolysis steam outlet of the pyrolysis reactor is connected with a gas inlet of the catalytic reactor; the catalyst outlet of the catalytic reactor is connected with the catalyst inlet of the catalyst regenerator; the catalyst outlet of the catalyst regenerator is connected with the catalyst inlet of the catalytic reactor; the pyrolysis steam outlet of the catalytic reactor is connected with the gas inlet of the condensation separation device.
In some embodiments, the process of the present invention further comprises a dust removal step, i.e., subjecting the catalytically upgraded pyrolysis steam to a dust removal treatment. Thus, in some embodiments, the system of the present invention further comprises a dust removal device, wherein the pyrolysis vapor outlet of the catalytic reactor is connected to the gas inlet of the dust removal device; a gas outlet of the dust removal device is connected with a pyrolysis gas inlet of the condensation separation device, and a solid outlet of the dust removal device is connected with a solid feeding hole of the catalyst regenerator;
in some embodiments, the pygas obtained by the methods of the present invention is enriched in H2、CO2And combustible gases such as CO and hydrocarbon gases, a part of the pyrolysis gas can be sent to a combustor of the catalyst regenerator as fuel. Thereby realizing the recycling of the pyrolysis gas.
In some embodiments, the system of the present invention comprises a flue gas furnace, wherein the flue gas inlet of any one of the pyrolysis reactor, the catalytic reactor, the catalyst regenerator is connected to the flue gas outlet of the flue gas furnace. The pyrolysis gas obtained by the method can be sent to a flue gas furnace as fuel, so that the pyrolysis gas is recycled.
In some embodiments, the flue gas inlet of the pyrolysis reactor is connected to the flue gas outlet of the flue gas furnace, the flue gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor is connected to the flue gas inlet of the catalytic reactor, and the flue gas outlet of the catalytic reactor is connected to the flue gas inlet of the catalyst regenerator. Thereby realizing the recycling of the high-temperature flue gas.
In some embodiments, the systems of the present invention further comprise a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas and air, so that the air is heated, and the obtained hot air is used as combustion air of the flue gas furnace. This saves the heat energy required for the combustion of the fuel in the flue gas furnace. In this embodiment, the flue gas inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the flue gas outlet of the flue gas furnace, and the air outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the combustion air inlet of the flue gas furnace.
In some embodiments, the pyrolysis gas outlet of the condensation separation device is connected with the fuel inlet of the flue gas furnace to realize the recycling of the pyrolysis gas.
In a specific embodiment, a system for preparing high-quality tar by pyrolyzing plastic wastes is shown in fig. 1, and the system comprises a pyrolysis reactor 1, a catalytic reactor 2, a catalyst regenerator 3, a dust removal device 4, a condensation separation device 5, a flue gas furnace 6, a heat exchanger 7 and the like. A pyrolysis steam outlet of the pyrolysis reactor 1 is connected with a pyrolysis steam inlet of the catalytic reactor 2; the catalyst outlet of the catalytic reactor 2 is connected with the catalyst inlet of the catalyst regenerator 3; the catalyst outlet of the catalyst regenerator 3 is connected with the catalyst inlet of the catalytic reactor 2; the pyrolysis steam outlet of the catalytic reactor 2 is connected with the gas inlet of the dust removal device 4; a solid outlet of the dust removal device 4 is connected with a solid feed inlet of the catalyst regenerator 3; a fuel gas inlet of a burner in the catalyst regenerator 3 is connected with a pyrolysis gas outlet of the condensation separation device 5; the gas outlet of the dust remover 4 is connected with the gas inlet of the condensation separation device 5; the gas outlet of the condensation separation device 5 is connected with the gas inlet of the flue gas furnace 6; a smoke outlet of the smoke furnace 6 is connected with a smoke inlet of the pyrolysis device 1; a flue gas outlet of the pyrolysis device 1 is connected with a flue gas inlet of the heat exchanger 7; and an air outlet of the heat exchanger 7 is connected with a combustion air inlet of the flue gas furnace 6.
Specifically, the plastic 101 is conveyed into the pyrolysis reactor 1 through the conveying and feeding device to undergo pyrolysis reaction, the generated pyrolytic carbon 105 is discharged from the pyrolysis reactor 1, the generated high-temperature pyrolysis steam is conveyed into the catalytic reactor 2 to undergo catalytic upgrading reaction, the upgraded high-temperature pyrolysis steam is conveyed into the dust removal device 4, the catalyst in the catalytic reactor 2 is conveyed into the catalyst regenerator 3 within a certain service time and period, and air 106 is introduced at the same time to realize the recycling of the catalyst; the high-temperature pyrolysis steam discharged from the dust removing device 4 enters a condensation separating device 5, the pyrolysis steam is cooled in the condensation separating device 5, oil and water are separated after being condensed, and light oil 102, pyrolysis water 103 and H-rich gas are discharged2、CO2Pyrolysis gas of CO and hydrocarbon gases 104; part of the pyrolysis gas 104 led out from the condensation separation device 5 is sent to the flue gas furnace 6 as fuel gas to be combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas, and the high-temperature flue gas is led out from the pyrolysis reactor 1 and enters the heat exchanger 7; in the heat exchanger 7, the high-temperature flue gas exchanges heat with air 106, and the heated air is taken as combustion-supporting air of the flue gas furnace and sent to the flue gas furnace6, and simultaneously discharging low-temperature flue gas 107.
The whole system of the invention efficiently realizes the pyrolysis catalytic modification process of plastics, and the energy efficiency of the whole system is higher through energy graded utilization.
In one embodiment of the catalyst regenerator of the present invention as shown in fig. 2, the catalyst regenerator 3 comprises a catalyst regenerator body, at least one distributor 35, at least one air distribution pipe 36. The distributing device adopts a triangular cone shape, and materials are uniformly distributed when passing through the distributing device in the falling process. The cavity of the catalyst regenerator body forms a catalyst regeneration chamber 31, the top of the catalyst regenerator body is provided with a catalyst inlet 33, the side wall of the bottom of the catalyst regenerator body is provided with a catalyst outlet 38, the distributor 35 is arranged in the upper half cavity of the catalyst regenerator body, and the air distribution pipe 36 is arranged in the lower half cavity of the catalyst regenerator body and is communicated with the catalyst outlet 38; wherein, a burner 37 is arranged below the air distribution pipe 36 and on the side wall of the lower half cavity of the catalyst regenerator body at a position opposite to the catalyst outlet 38. The upper opening of the air distribution pipe is positioned in the catalyst regeneration chamber, the lower opening of the air distribution pipe is communicated with the combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber 32 is formed by a cavity formed by surrounding the bottom wall of the air distribution pipe, the bottom wall and the side wall of the catalyst regenerator body.
As shown in fig. 3, the air distribution pipe 36 is a cylindrical pipe body with a closed upper opening and an open lower opening, and a plurality of flue gas outlet holes are arranged on the side wall of the air distribution pipe 36. The flue gas outlet hole is partially arranged in the catalyst regeneration chamber 31, the bottom air inlet is arranged in the combustion chamber 32, and flue gas generated by combustion uniformly contacts with the catalyst through the air distribution pipe, so that the comprehensive regeneration of the catalyst is facilitated.
The cross section of the combustion chamber 32 is in a semi-trapezoid shape, and the angle of the inclined plane is 45-55 ℃. Such a bevel angle facilitates the removal of the regenerated catalyst by gravity. The aperture of the flue gas outlet is 3mm-5 mm. The aperture of the flue gas outlet hole is beneficial to more uniform distribution of flue gas, and the flue gas can be better contacted with the catalyst.
By utilizing the catalyst regenerator, the regeneration rate of the catalyst is over 90 percent, the regeneration cycle is over 10 times, and the effective period of each catalysis is over 48 hours.
In a specific embodiment, the method for preparing high-quality tar by pyrolyzing plastic wastes according to the present invention comprises the steps of:
(1) the plastic waste is conveyed into a pyrolysis reactor through a conveying and feeding device to carry out pyrolysis reaction, the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is controlled to be 500-650 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 1-5KPa, the environment of the pyrolysis reaction is oxygen-free, the generated pyrolysis steam is led out from a pyrolysis steam air port of the pyrolysis reactor, and the pyrolysis carbon is discharged from a solid treatment port of the pyrolysis reactor;
(2) the high-temperature pyrolysis steam led out from the pyrolysis reactor is sent into the catalytic reactor to generate catalytic modification reaction, the temperature of the catalytic modification reaction is within the range of 400-600 ℃, and the modified high-temperature pyrolysis steam is sent into a dust removal device;
(3) the catalyst in the catalytic reactor is sent into a catalyst regeneration device for regeneration treatment within a certain using time and period to realize the recycling of the catalyst, the catalytic regeneration is carried out under the anaerobic condition, the burning regeneration mode is adopted, the temperature is 700-1400 ℃, and the preferred temperature is 800-1000 ℃;
(4) the high-temperature pyrolysis steam discharged from the dust remover enters a condensation separation device, the condensation temperature is controlled within the range of 70-80 ℃, in the process, the pyrolysis steam is cooled, oil and water are condensed and separated, the uncondensable pyrolysis gas is rich in H2、CO2CO and hydrocarbon gases;
(5) one part of the pyrolysis gas led out from the condensation separation device is used as fuel gas and is sent to a flue gas furnace for combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas, the temperature of the flue gas is 800-;
(6) in the heat exchanger, the flue gas exchanges heat with air, the air is heated to 100-200 ℃, and the heated air is used as combustion-supporting air of the flue gas furnace and is sent to the flue gas furnace.
Examples
In the present invention, wt% means wt%.
The method comprises the steps of conveying plastic wastes rich in Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and the like into a pyrolysis reactor, controlling the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction to be 500 ℃, maintaining the micro-positive pressure operation (1-5KPa) of a system, conveying generated high-temperature pyrolysis steam into a catalytic reactor, wherein the catalytic reactor adopts a fluidized bed reactor. The catalytic cracking temperature is controlled at 450 ℃, an electric heating mode is selected for heating and heat preservation of the catalytic reactor, and the catalyst is Al2O3-SiO2A solid catalyst. After running for 3 days, the catalyst is regenerated in a catalyst regenerator by introducing air for combustion at 900 ℃. And leading out high-temperature pyrolysis steam from the outlet of the catalytic reactor, and separating light oil, pyrolysis water and pyrolysis gas in a condensation separation device. And introducing part of the pyrolysis gas as fuel gas into a flue gas furnace for combustion, wherein the temperature of the generated high-temperature flue gas is 800 ℃, and the high-temperature flue gas is introduced into a pyrolysis reactor to provide heat for pyrolysis reaction. The temperature of the flue gas discharged from the pyrolysis reactor is 450 ℃, the flue gas exchanges heat with air in a heat exchanger, the air is heated to 200 ℃, and the hot air is taken as combustion-supporting air and introduced into the flue gas furnace.
Pyrolysis product analysis is shown in Table 1
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002509481450000091
Comparative example 1
Plastic wastes rich in Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and the like are sent into a pyrolysis reactor, the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction is controlled to be 500 ℃, the system is maintained at the micro-positive pressure (1-5KPa), and pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis water and pyrolysis gas are separated. And introducing part of the pyrolysis gas as fuel gas into a flue gas furnace for combustion, wherein the temperature of the generated high-temperature flue gas is 800 ℃, and the high-temperature flue gas is introduced into a pyrolysis reactor to provide heat for pyrolysis reaction. The temperature of the flue gas discharged from the pyrolysis reactor is 450 ℃, the flue gas exchanges heat with air in a heat exchanger, the air is heated to 200 ℃, and the hot air is taken as combustion-supporting air and introduced into the flue gas furnace.
Pyrolysis product analysis is shown in Table 2
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002509481450000092
Example 2
The method comprises the steps of conveying plastic wastes rich in Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and the like into a pyrolysis reactor, controlling the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction to be 500 ℃, maintaining the micro-positive pressure operation (1-5KPa) of a system, conveying generated high-temperature pyrolysis steam into a catalytic reactor, wherein the catalytic reactor adopts a fluidized bed reactor. The catalytic cracking temperature is controlled at 450 ℃, an electric heating mode is selected for heating and heat preservation of the catalytic reactor, and the catalyst is Al2O3-SiO2A solid catalyst. Running for 3 days, regenerating in a catalyst regenerator by introducing air for combustion at 900 deg.C. And leading out high-temperature pyrolysis steam from the outlet of the catalytic reactor, and separating light oil, pyrolysis water and pyrolysis gas in a condensation separation device. And introducing part of the pyrolysis gas as fuel gas into a flue gas furnace for combustion, wherein the temperature of the generated high-temperature flue gas is 800 ℃, and the high-temperature flue gas is introduced into a pyrolysis reactor to provide heat for pyrolysis reaction. The temperature of the flue gas discharged from the pyrolysis reactor is 450 ℃, the flue gas exchanges heat with air in a heat exchanger, the air is heated to 200 ℃, and the hot air is taken as combustion-supporting air and introduced into the flue gas furnace.
Pyrolysis product analysis is shown in Table 3
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0002509481450000101
As can be seen from the results of the analysis of the pyrolysis product, the quality of the product did not significantly decrease after the catalyst was regenerated.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (9)

1. A method for preparing high-quality tar by pyrolyzing plastic wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
performing pyrolysis reaction on the plastic waste in a pyrolysis reactor to generate pyrolysis steam and pyrolysis carbon,
carrying out catalytic modification reaction on the pyrolysis steam in a catalytic reactor, wherein the temperature of the catalytic modification reaction is within the range of 400-600 ℃, and the catalyst of the catalytic modification reaction is a solid acid catalyst;
condensing the catalytic modified pyrolysis steam, and separating out pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas; wherein, the content of gasoline fraction in the pyrolysis oil is more than 11.8 weight percent, the content of diesel oil fraction is more than 40.3 weight percent, and the content of heavy oil fraction is more than 28.4 weight percent.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid acid catalyst is Al2O3/SO4 2-、SiO2-Al2O3And zeolite.
3. The method for preparing high-quality tar by pyrolysis of plastic wastes according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis reaction conditions include: under the condition of no oxygen or lack of oxygen, the temperature is within the range of 500-650 ℃, and the pressure is within the range of 1-5 KPa.
4. The method for preparing high-quality tar from plastic waste through pyrolysis according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a catalyst regeneration step of: the catalyst of the catalytic upgrading reaction is sent into a catalyst regenerator and is burned at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃.
5. The method for preparing high-quality tar through pyrolysis of plastic wastes according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the catalyst regenerator comprises a catalyst regenerator body, at least one distributor and at least one air distribution pipe, wherein a cavity of the catalyst regenerator body forms a catalyst regeneration chamber, a catalyst inlet is arranged at the top of the catalyst regenerator body, a catalyst outlet is arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the catalyst regenerator body, the distributor is arranged in the upper half cavity of the catalyst regenerator body, and the air distribution pipe is arranged in the lower half cavity of the catalyst regenerator body and is communicated with the catalyst outlet; and a combustor is arranged below the air distribution pipe and on the side wall of the lower half cavity of the catalyst regenerator body opposite to the catalyst outlet.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the air distribution pipe is a cylindrical pipe body with a closed upper opening and an open lower opening, the side wall of the air distribution pipe is provided with a plurality of flue gas outlet holes, the upper opening of the air distribution pipe is communicated with the catalyst regeneration chamber, the lower opening of the air distribution pipe is communicated with the combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber is formed by a cavity surrounded by the bottom wall of the air distribution pipe, the bottom wall of the catalyst regenerator body and the side wall.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the combustion chamber has a semi-trapezoidal cross-sectional shape and a slope angle of 45-55 ℃.
8. The method for preparing high-quality tar by pyrolyzing plastic wastes according to claim 6, wherein the diameter of the flue gas outlet is 3mm to 5 mm.
9. The method for preparing high-quality tar through pyrolysis of plastic wastes according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein a catalyst outlet of the catalytic reactor is connected with a catalyst inlet of the catalyst regenerator, and the catalyst inlet of the catalytic reactor is connected with a catalyst outlet of the catalyst regenerator.
CN202010456253.5A 2020-05-26 2020-05-26 Method for preparing high-quality tar by pyrolyzing plastic wastes Pending CN111662739A (en)

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