CN111661915B - Wetland ecosystem restoration method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wetland ecosystem restoration method, which comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out sectional water pumping and dredging on a water area of a target wetland, storing a pumped wetland water body into an anaerobic tank, and carrying out impurity removal, soaking, aeration, sedimentation and separation on the cleaned sludge to obtain activated sludge and deposited sludge; drying the deposited sludge until the water content is not more than 5%, crushing, adding EM (effective microorganisms) powder, ammonia oxidizing bacteria powder, bacillus subtilis powder, Protozoa growth promoter and volcanic mud, and uniformly mixing to obtain bacterial mud; putting the activated sludge into a wetland water body for intermittent aeration; backfilling the bacterial sludge to the water area section for pumping water and dredging, planting submerged plants and setting microorganism attaching bases on the bacterial sludge, and filling the wetland water body back to the water area section; an ecological floating bed is arranged at the water area section, and benthonic animals, fishes and shrimps are thrown in the ecological floating bed. The application can rapidly improve the transparency of the water body, construct a complete aquatic animal ecological chain and a microbial community, and promote the reduction of wetland pollutants and the improvement of water quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wetland water body restoration method, in particular to a wetland ecosystem restoration method.
Background
Under the double pressure of population explosion and economic development, a large amount of wetlands are transformed into farmlands in the middle and later periods of the 20 th century, excessive resource development and pollution are added, the area of the wetlands is greatly reduced, and the species of the wetlands are seriously damaged. Among them, the most common problems are wetland pollution and high eutrophication degree caused by the development of urbanization. When nitrogen and phosphorus in water are gathered to a certain concentration, blue-green algae outbreak can be caused, and due to the fact that the transparency of a water body is reduced due to the blue-green algae outbreak, submerged plants cannot perform necessary photosynthesis; in addition, the aquatic vegetation is very difficult to recover due to the severe environmental conditions such as oxygen supply. Therefore, the purpose of restoring the wetland can be achieved only by adopting recovery measures and improving the water environment.
The aquatic plants can effectively remove excessive N, P nutrients and heavy metal ions such as Hg, Cr, Zn, Cu and the like in the polluted water body; the dissolved oxygen content of the water body is increased through the photosynthesis of the plants, the metabolic activity level of aquatic animals and aerobic microorganisms is improved, the odor and the deterioration of the water body are prevented, the quality of the water ecological environment is improved, and the attractiveness of the water body is kept. However, when the water environment of the wetland is restored, the process of absorbing and degrading pollutants in the water through the growth and development of plants and the ecological chain of aquatic animals to reduce the pollution degree of the water is very long.
The most difficult for restoring the wetland pollution is that turbid water becomes clear, and once the turbid water becomes clear water, virtuous cycle is formed, and the water quality is better and better. Therefore, a wetland ecosystem restoration method capable of quickly clearing turbid water needs to be researched, the water transparency can be improved, and wetland water enters a virtuous cycle of 'grassland-water clear-grassland'.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a wetland ecosystem restoration method, which can quickly improve the transparency of a water body, construct a complete aquatic animal ecological chain and a complete microbial community, and promote the reduction of wetland pollutants and the improvement of water quality. In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the specific technical scheme that:
a wetland ecosystem restoration method comprises the following steps:
step S1: carrying out sectional water pumping and dredging on the water area of the object wetland, storing the pumped wetland water body into an anaerobic tank, and carrying out impurity removal, soaking, aeration, precipitation and separation on the cleaned sludge to obtain activated sludge and deposited sludge;
step S2: insolating or drying the deposited sludge at high temperature until the water content is not more than 5%, then crushing the dried deposited sludge, adding EM (effective microorganisms) powder, ammonia oxidizing bacteria powder, bacillus subtilis powder, Protozoa growth promoter and volcanic mud, and uniformly mixing to obtain bacterial sludge;
step S3: putting the activated sludge into the wetland water body for intermittent aeration;
step S4: backfilling the bacterial sludge to the water area section for pumping water and dredging, wherein the backfilling thickness is 35-50 cm, planting submerged plants and arranging microorganism attaching bases on the bacterial sludge, and filling the wetland water body in the step S3 back to the water area section;
step S5: an ecological floating bed is arranged at the water area section, and benthonic animals, fishes and shrimps are thrown in the ecological floating bed.
In the step S4, the submerged plant is one or more of Jingxi sea weed, curly pondweed, water buttercup, black algae, large arrowhead algae, small arrowhead algae, and phoenix grass.
In the step S3, the aeration times of the wetland water body are 3-8 times, the aeration is carried out for 6-8 hours every 10-16 hours, and the dissolved amount of oxygen in the aeration water is more than 8 mg/L.
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, in the step S1, the sludge is soaked for 20-24 h, and the soaking and the aeration are synchronousThe aeration intensity is 10 to 20L/m2。
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, in the step S2, the time of exposure or high-temperature drying is not less than 24h, and the temperature is not less than 50 ℃.
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, in the step S2, the EM bacteria powder, the ammonia oxidizing bacteria powder, the bacillus subtilis powder and the prokaryote growth promoter are respectively diluted by 100-200 times with water and then fully mixed in a volume ratio of 2:1:1:1 to obtain a mixed bacteria liquid; mixing the deposited sludge and the volcanic mud in a volume ratio of 4:1 to obtain mixed soil; and fully mixing the mixed soil and the mixed bacteria liquid in a volume ratio of 20-50: 1-2.
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, in the step S2, the bacterial colony number in the bacterial sludge is 1.0 multiplied by 10^7 to 1.0 multiplied by 10^8 CFU/g.
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, in the step S4, the microorganism attachment base is made of porous ceramic material, the surface porosity is 60% -75%, the pore diameter is 5 mm-15 mm, and the interior of the microorganism attachment base is hollow and filled with fermentation straws.
As an improved technical solution of the present invention, in the step S5, one or more of water hyacinth, rush, hot pickled mustard and dayflower are planted on the ecological floating bed, the bottom of the ecological floating bed is connected to a carbon fiber hose with micropores distributed on the surface, the bottom of the carbon fiber filter tube is sealed, and the interior of the carbon fiber filter tube is filled with magnetic microspheres, wherein the magnetic microspheres are CS-EGDE/Fe3O4One or more of gel microspheres, Fe3O 4/modified chitosan magnetic microspheres and modified magnetic chitosan microspheres.
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, in the step S5, the benthonic animals include one or more of pearsiform periwinkle, mussel, river snail, loach and earthworm; the fish comprises one or more of catfish, grass carp, bighead carp and African crucian carp; the shrimp comprises one or more of freshwater shrimp, grass shrimp, macrobrachium, and crayfish.
As an improved technical solution of the present invention, in the step S1, the removing of the impurities includes cleaning domestic garbage, masonry, and fish, shrimps, and benthonic animals in the water.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a wetland ecosystem restoration method, which comprises the steps of drying deposited sludge until the water content is not more than 5%, effectively killing pathogenic bacteria, fusarium, sclerotinia rolfsii and the like in the deposited sludge, crushing the dried deposited sludge, adding EM (effective microorganisms) powder, ammonia oxidizing bacteria powder, bacillus subtilis powder, Probiotics growth promoter and volcanic mud, uniformly mixing, supplementing beneficial bacteria such as photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and the like to the deposited sludge by the EM powder, promoting the growth of submerged plants, supplementing nitrosobacteria by the ammonia oxidizing bacteria powder, converting ammonia nitrogen contained in a water body into nitrogen to be removed, decomposing residual baits, feces, organic matters and the like in a pond by the bacillus subtilis supplemented by the bacillus subtilis powder, having a strong function of clearing garbage granules in water, and efficiently combining various nutrients required by the growth of microorganisms with a carrier by the Probiotics growth promoter, the microorganism can be rapidly absorbed and utilized in the water body environment, thereby improving the degradation capability of the microorganism on pollutants and the impact resistance of the system.
The volcanic mud is mainly mesoporous and microporous, has large pore volume and strong adsorption performance, is positively charged after being dissolved in water, is favorable for the attachment growth of microorganisms, is also favorable for the attachment of the microorganisms on microorganism attachment substrates, and can be used for attaching NO which is generated by various reasons in water and has great toxicity to vertebrates2And NH4Conversion to NO with relatively little toxicity3Can greatly improve the water quality. In addition, the precipitated sludge contains rich nutrient substances, the volcanic sludge is combined with the sludge, so that the porosity of the sludge can be greatly improved, the construction of an environment more suitable for the growth of zoogloea and submerged plants is facilitated, and the volcanic sludge can adsorb heavy metal ions such as chromium, arsenic and the like which affect organisms in water, so that the synthesis of proteins in animal bodies can be improved, and the immunity can be enhanced.
In this application, activated sludge obtains after for the silt in the former water body edulcoration, soak, aeration, deposit and the separation, contained the microorganism floc that is fit for decomposing this wetland water body in the activated sludge, carried out discontinuous aeration for this wetland water body can switch over the high oxygen and oxygen deficiency environment rapidly, impel the rapid growth of aerobic bacteria and anaerobe, thereby make can aerobic bacteria and anaerobe in the activated sludge BOD, COD, total phosphorus, total nitrogen etc. in can the wetland water body of rapid degradation, be favorable to quick water purification.
This application has constructed complete wetland ecological chain, and submerged plant can photosynthesis accomplish the supply of oxygen and provide food for the water body biology, and the secretion of benthonic animal can make water particle flocculation and subside, has better improvement effect to quality of water, and fish then belongs to and strains food collector, and they strain food from the aquatic through the filtering action of gill, play "biofilter" effect, and can eat the alga, be favorable to maintaining ecological balance.
The magnetic microspheres can be used for Hg2+、Cu2+、UO2 2+、Pb2+、Zn2+The heavy metals are adsorbed, so that the water pollution is favorably relieved, and the heavy metals are arranged at the lower part of the ecological floating bed and can be conveniently replaced. The microbial attachment base is made of a porous ceramic material, has excellent heavy metal ion adsorption and reduction performance, has the surface porosity of 60-75%, is high in aperture ratio and inert, is beneficial to contact biofilm formation and growth of microbes, keeps more microbial biomass, is beneficial to the mass transfer process of oxygen, nutrient substances and wastes generated by metabolism in the microbial metabolism process, is hollow and filled with fermentation straws, and can generate fermentation products in the fermentation process to lead Pb2+、Hg2+、Cd2+And Cu2+The heavy metal ions have certain adsorption effect, so that the adsorption and degradation of microorganisms on the microorganism attachment base are facilitated, and the fermented straw can provide a carbon source required for growth and propagation for the microorganisms after being decomposed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose and technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Example 1
A wetland ecosystem restoration method comprises the following steps:
step S1: the water area of the object wetland is pumped in sections for dredging, the pumped wetland water body is stored in an anaerobic tank, the cleaned sludge is decontaminated, then is soaked in water and is aerated for 24 hours, and the aeration intensity is 15L/m2Precipitating part of sludge, suspending part of flocculent sludge in water, and separating the precipitated sludge from the suspended sludge to obtain activated sludge and deposited sludge;
step S2: drying the deposited sludge at the high temperature of 60 ℃ for 30 hours until the water content of the deposited sludge is not more than 5%, then crushing the dried deposited sludge to the particle size of not more than 100mm, diluting EM (effective microorganisms) powder, ammonia oxidizing bacteria powder, bacillus subtilis powder and Protozoa growth promoter by 150 times by adding water respectively, and fully mixing the diluted materials in a volume ratio of 2:1:1:1 to obtain mixed bacteria liquid; mixing the deposited sludge and the volcanic mud in a volume ratio of 4:1 to obtain mixed soil; fully mixing the mixed soil and the mixed bacteria liquid according to the volume ratio of 35:1 to obtain bacterial sludge with the bacterial colony number of 1.0 multiplied by 10^ 7-1.0 multiplied by 10^8 CFU/g;
step S3: putting the activated sludge into the wetland water body of the anaerobic tank, and carrying out intermittent aeration, wherein the aeration times are 5 times, the aeration is carried out for 6 hours every 15 hours, and the dissolved amount of oxygen in the water is more than 8mg/L each time;
step S4: backfilling the bacterial sludge to the water area section for pumping water and dredging, wherein the backfilling thickness is 50cm, planting submerged plants and arranging microorganism attaching bases on the bacterial sludge, and filling the wetland water body in the step S3 back to the water area section; the submerged plants are Jingxihai cauliflower, potamogeton crispus, Japanese buttercup, hydrilla verticillata, small arrowroot algae and phoenix grass, the microorganism attachment base is made of porous ceramic materials, the surface porosity is 60-75%, the pore diameter is 5-15 mm, and the interior of the microorganism attachment base is hollow and is filled with fermented straws;
step S5: an ecological floating bed is arranged at the water area section, pear-shaped periwinkle snails, freshwater mussels, river snails, loaches, catfishes, grass carps, bighead carps, freshwater shrimps, prawns and macrobrachium are put in the ecological floating bed, water hyacinth, juncus, potherb mustard and dayflower are planted on the ecological floating bed, the bottom of the ecological floating bed is connected with a carbon fiber hose with micropores distributed on the surface, the bottom of the carbon fiber filter tube is sealed, magnetic microspheres are filled in the carbon fiber hose, and the magnetic microspheres are CS-EGDE/Fe3O4Mixing the gel microspheres, the Fe3O 4/modified chitosan magnetic microspheres and the modified magnetic chitosan microspheres in a ratio of 1:1: 1.
In this embodiment, the distribution density of the pear-shaped periplophora canaliculata, the freshwater mussel, the river snail, the loach, the catfish, the grass carp, the bighead carp, the freshwater shrimp, the grass shrimp and the macrobrachium shrimp put in the water area section is 20-30 fish/100 m2。
Example 2
A wetland ecosystem restoration method comprises the following steps:
step S1: the water area of the object wetland is pumped in sections for dredging, the pumped wetland water body is stored in an anaerobic tank, the cleaned sludge is decontaminated, then is soaked in water and is aerated for 24 hours, and the aeration intensity is 10L/m2Precipitating part of sludge, suspending part of flocculent sludge in water, and separating the precipitated sludge from the suspended sludge to obtain activated sludge and deposited sludge;
step S2: drying the deposited sludge at the high temperature of 60 ℃ for 30 hours until the water content of the deposited sludge is not more than 5%, then crushing the dried deposited sludge to the particle size of not more than 100mm, diluting EM (effective microorganisms) powder, ammonia oxidizing bacteria powder, bacillus subtilis powder and Protozoa growth promoter by 100 times by adding water respectively, and fully mixing the diluted materials in a volume ratio of 2:1:1:1 to obtain mixed bacteria liquid; mixing the deposited sludge and the volcanic mud in a volume ratio of 4:1 to obtain mixed soil; fully mixing the mixed soil and the mixed bacteria liquid according to the volume ratio of 30:1 to obtain bacterial sludge with the bacterial colony number of 1.0 multiplied by 10^ 7-1.0 multiplied by 10^8 CFU/g;
step S3: putting the activated sludge into the wetland water body of the anaerobic tank, and carrying out intermittent aeration, wherein the aeration times are 6 times, the aeration is carried out for 8 hours every 10 hours, and the dissolved amount of oxygen in water is more than 9mg/L each time;
step S4: backfilling the bacterial sludge to the water area section for pumping water and dredging, wherein the backfilling thickness is 50cm, planting submerged plants and arranging microorganism attaching bases on the bacterial sludge, and filling the wetland water body in the step S3 back to the water area section; the submerged plants are Jingxihai cauliflower, potamogeton crispus, Japanese buttercup, hydrilla verticillata, small arrowroot algae and phoenix grass, the microorganism attachment base is made of porous ceramic materials, the surface porosity is 60-75%, the pore diameter is 5-15 mm, and the interior of the microorganism attachment base is hollow and is filled with fermented straws;
step S5: an ecological floating bed is arranged at the water area section, pear-shaped periwinkle snails, freshwater mussels, river snails, loaches, catfishes, grass carps, bighead carps, freshwater shrimps, prawns and macrobrachium are put in the ecological floating bed, water hyacinth, juncus, potherb mustard and dayflower are planted on the ecological floating bed, the bottom of the ecological floating bed is connected with a carbon fiber hose with micropores distributed on the surface, the bottom of the carbon fiber filter tube is sealed, magnetic microspheres are filled in the carbon fiber hose, and the magnetic microspheres are CS-EGDE/Fe3O4Mixing the gel microspheres, the Fe3O 4/modified chitosan magnetic microspheres and the modified magnetic chitosan microspheres in a ratio of 1:1: 1.
In this embodiment, the distribution density of the pear-shaped periplophora canaliculata, the freshwater mussel, the river snail, the loach, the catfish, the grass carp, the bighead carp, the freshwater shrimp, the grass shrimp and the macrobrachium shrimp put in the water area section is 20-30 fish/100 m2。
Example 3
A wetland ecosystem restoration method comprises the following steps:
step (ii) ofS1: the water area of the object wetland is pumped in sections for dredging, the pumped wetland water body is stored in an anaerobic tank, the cleaned sludge is decontaminated, then is soaked in water and is aerated for 22 hours, and the aeration intensity is 12L/m2Precipitating part of sludge, suspending part of flocculent sludge in water, and separating the precipitated sludge from the suspended sludge to obtain activated sludge and deposited sludge;
step S2: exposing the deposited sludge at 40 ℃ for 72h until the water content is not more than 5%, crushing the dried deposited sludge to the particle size of not more than 100mm, diluting EM (effective microorganisms) powder, ammonia oxidizing bacteria powder, bacillus subtilis powder and Prospirobio growth promoter by 200 times by adding water respectively, and fully mixing the diluted EM powder, ammonia oxidizing bacteria powder, bacillus subtilis powder and Prospirobio growth promoter in a volume ratio of 2:1:1:1 to obtain mixed bacteria liquid; mixing the deposited sludge and the volcanic mud in a volume ratio of 4:1 to obtain mixed soil; fully mixing the mixed soil and the mixed bacteria liquid according to the volume ratio of 35:2 to obtain bacterial sludge with the bacterial colony number of 1.0 multiplied by 10^ 7-1.0 multiplied by 10^8 CFU/g;
step S3: putting the activated sludge into the wetland water body of the anaerobic tank, and carrying out intermittent aeration, wherein the aeration times are 5 times, the aeration is carried out for 6 hours every 15 hours, and the dissolved amount of oxygen in the water is more than 8mg/L each time;
step S4: backfilling the bacterial sludge to the water area section for pumping water and dredging, wherein the backfilling thickness is 40cm, planting submerged plants and arranging microorganism attaching bases on the bacterial sludge, and filling the wetland water body in the step S3 back to the water area section; the submerged plants are Jingxihai cauliflower, potamogeton crispus, water buttercup, hydrilla verticillata, large arrowroot algae, small arrowroot algae and phoenix grass, the microorganism attachment base is made of porous ceramic materials, the porosity of the surface is 60-75%, the pore diameter is 5-15 mm, and the interior of the microorganism attachment base is hollow and is filled with fermented straws;
step S5: an ecological floating bed is arranged at the water area section, pear-shaped periwinkle snails, freshwater mussels, river snails, loaches, catfishes, grass carps, bighead carps, freshwater shrimps, prawns and macrobrachium are put in the ecological floating bed, water hyacinth, juncus, potherb mustard and dayflower are planted on the ecological floating bed, the bottom of the ecological floating bed is connected with a carbon fiber hose with micropores distributed on the surface, the bottom of the carbon fiber filter tube is sealed, magnetic microspheres are filled in the carbon fiber hose, and the magnetic microspheres are filled in the carbon fiber hoseThe balls are CS-EGDE/Fe3O4Mixing the gel microspheres, the Fe3O 4/modified chitosan magnetic microspheres and the modified magnetic chitosan microspheres in a ratio of 1:1: 1.
In this embodiment, the distribution density of the pear-shaped periplophora canaliculata, the freshwater mussel, the river snail, the loach, the catfish, the grass carp, the bighead carp, the freshwater shrimp, the grass shrimp and the macrobrachium shrimp put in the water area section is 20-30 fish/100 m2。
Example 4
A wetland ecosystem restoration method comprises the following steps:
step S1: the water area of the object wetland is pumped in sections for dredging, the pumped wetland water body is stored in an anaerobic tank, the cleaned sludge is decontaminated, then is soaked in water and is aerated for 20 hours, and the aeration intensity is 11L/m2Precipitating part of sludge, suspending part of flocculent sludge in water, and separating the precipitated sludge from the suspended sludge to obtain activated sludge and deposited sludge;
step S2: drying the deposited sludge at the high temperature of 60 ℃ for 30 hours until the water content of the deposited sludge is not more than 5%, then crushing the dried deposited sludge to the particle size of not more than 100mm, diluting EM (effective microorganisms) powder, ammonia oxidizing bacteria powder, bacillus subtilis powder and Protozoa growth promoter by 120 times respectively by adding water, and fully mixing the diluted materials in a volume ratio of 2:1:1:1 to obtain mixed bacteria liquid; mixing the deposited sludge and the volcanic mud in a volume ratio of 4:1 to obtain mixed soil; fully mixing the mixed soil and the mixed bacteria liquid according to the volume ratio of 40:2 to obtain bacterial sludge with the bacterial colony number of 1.0 multiplied by 10^ 7-1.0 multiplied by 10^8 CFU/g;
step S3: putting the activated sludge into the wetland water body of the anaerobic tank, and carrying out intermittent aeration, wherein the aeration times are 6 times, the aeration is carried out for 6 hours every 12 hours, and the dissolved amount of oxygen in the water is more than 8mg/L each time;
step S4: backfilling the bacterial sludge to the water area section for pumping water and dredging, wherein the backfilling thickness is 50cm, planting submerged plants and arranging microorganism attaching bases on the bacterial sludge, and filling the wetland water body in the step S3 back to the water area section; the submerged plants are Jingxihai cauliflower, potamogeton crispus, Japanese buttercup and phoenix grass, the microorganism attachment base is made of porous ceramic materials, the surface porosity is 60-75%, the pore diameter is 5-15 mm, and the interior of the microorganism attachment base is hollow and is filled with fermented straws;
step S5: an ecological floating bed is arranged at the water area section, pear-shaped periwinkle snails, freshwater mussels, loaches, grass carps, bighead carps, grass shrimps, macrobrachium nipponensis and crayfish are put in the ecological floating bed, water hyacinths, juncus roemerianus, watercress and dayflower are planted on the ecological floating bed, a carbon fiber hose with micropores distributed on the surface is connected to the bottom of the ecological floating bed, the bottom of the carbon fiber filter tube is sealed, magnetic microspheres are filled in the carbon fiber hose, and the magnetic microspheres are CS-EGDE/Fe3O4Mixing the gel microspheres, the Fe3O 4/modified chitosan magnetic microspheres and the modified magnetic chitosan microspheres in a ratio of 1:1: 1.
In this embodiment, the distribution density of the pear-shaped periplophora canaliculata, the freshwater mussel, the river snail, the loach, the catfish, the grass carp, the bighead carp, the freshwater shrimp, the grass shrimp and the macrobrachium shrimp put in the water area section is 20-30 fish/100 m2。
Comparative example 1
The wetland ecosystem restoration method is different from the embodiment 2 in that:
step 1: carrying out sectional water pumping and dredging on the water area of the object wetland, storing the pumped wetland water body into an anaerobic tank, and removing impurities from the cleaned sludge to obtain deposited sludge; and step 3: adding activated sludge into wetland water in an anaerobic tank, wherein the activated sludge is sweet anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge (GANDEW-MIX) purchased from the market; the remaining steps and conditions were similar to those of example 3.
Comparative example 2
Step 2: insolating or drying the deposited sludge at high temperature until the water content is not more than 5%, crushing the dried deposited sludge, adding EM (effective microorganisms) powder, ammonia oxidizing bacteria powder and bacillus subtilis powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain bacterial sludge; the remaining steps and conditions were similar to those of example 3.
Comparative example 3
According to patent number ZL201310164738.7, a method for restoring and purifying the water body ecology of a lake wetland is disclosed.
Water quality change detection
The test method comprises the following steps:
collecting litchi bay surge polluted water and sludge which is rich in organic matters and in a black and odorous state in the litchi bay area in Guangzhou city for subsequent experiments; EM (effective microorganisms) powder is provided by Shandong Letu biotechnology, Inc., bacillus subtilis powder is provided by Jinan Qingyuyuan new material, Inc., ammonia oxidizing bacteria powder is TOGAWA ammonia oxidizing bacteria powder, and Protozoan is provided by Protozoan (Shanghai) Biotech, Inc.
In this experiment, 7 experimental groups were set, namely 4 example groups and 3 comparative example groups, namely example 1 (group a), example 2 (group B), example 3 (group C), example 4 (group D), comparative example 1 (group E), comparative example 2 (group F) and comparative example 3 (group G). The experimental device is a fish tank with the width multiplied by 100cm (width multiplied by length multiplied by height), the silt and the water body are mixed to obtain an initial water body on the 0 th day, and the volume of the initial water body is 100cm multiplied by 90cm (width multiplied by length multiplied by height); and on day 1, obtaining the primarily purified water body by adopting the repairing method of the embodiment and the comparative example, and maintaining ecological self-purification of the water body on days 2-30. The Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) of the water quality at day 0, day 1, day 3, day 5, day 7, day 10, day 15, day 20, day 25, and day 30 were measured, and the transparency of the water body was observed.
Wherein: the total nitrogen is determined by referring to a method of GB11894-89, the total phosphorus is determined by referring to a method of GB11893-89, the lead (Pb) element, the cadmium (Cd) element and the chromium (Cr) element are determined by referring to an atomic fluorescence method (AFS), and the mercury (Hg) element, the zinc (Zn) element and the copper (Cu) element are determined by referring to an atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
The test results are shown in tables 1 to 7.
Table 1 shows the A group water quality detection test data
Table 2 shows the water quality testing data of group B
Table 3 shows the water quality test data of group C
Table 4 shows the D-group water quality detection test data
Table 5 shows the water quality testing data of group E
Table 6 shows the F group water quality testing data
Table 7 shows the water quality test data of group G
From tables 1 to 7, the water quality of the constructed wetland is greatly improved, the transparency of the water body is greatly improved, and in unit time, the Total Nitrogen (TN) content is averagely reduced by 86 to 93 percent, the Total Phosphorus (TP) content is averagely reduced by 88 to 93 percent, the lead (Pb) element content is averagely reduced by 87 to 88 percent, the zinc (Zn) element content is averagely reduced by 88 to 90 percent, the copper (Cu) element content is averagely reduced by 88 to 89 percent, the cadmium (Cd) element content is averagely reduced by 88 to 90 percent, the chromium (Cr) element content is averagely reduced by 89 to 90 percent, the mercury (Hg) element content is averagely reduced by 88 to 90 percent, the ecological purification effect is obvious, and the purification efficiency is high.
The above are merely embodiments of the present invention, which are described in detail and with particularity, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The wetland ecosystem restoration method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: carrying out sectional water pumping and dredging on the water area of the object wetland, storing the pumped wetland water body into an anaerobic tank, and carrying out impurity removal, soaking, aeration, precipitation and separation on the cleaned sludge to obtain activated sludge and deposited sludge;
step S2: insolating or drying the deposited sludge at high temperature until the water content is not more than 5%, then crushing the dried deposited sludge, adding EM (effective microorganisms) powder, ammonia oxidizing bacteria powder, bacillus subtilis powder, Protozoa growth promoter and volcanic mud, and uniformly mixing to obtain bacterial sludge;
step S3: putting the activated sludge into the wetland water body for intermittent aeration;
step S4: backfilling the bacterial sludge to the water area section for pumping water and dredging, wherein the backfilling thickness is 35-50 cm, planting submerged plants and arranging microorganism attaching bases on the bacterial sludge, and filling the wetland water body in the step S3 back to the water area section;
step S5: an ecological floating bed is arranged at the water area section, and benthonic animals, fishes and shrimps are thrown in the ecological floating bed.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the submerged plant is one or more of Jing sea weed, Potamogeton crispus, Ranunculus japonicus, Black algae, Large Sagittaria, Small Sagittaria, and Phoenix reginae.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the wetland water body is aerated 3 to 8 times, and the aeration is carried out for 6 to 8 hours every 10 to 16 hours, and the dissolved oxygen amount in the aerated water is more than 8 mg/L.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sludge is soaked for 20 to 24 hours in step S1, and the soaking and the aeration are performed simultaneously, and the aeration intensity is 10 to 20L/m2。
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the exposure or high temperature drying time is not less than 24h, and the temperature is not less than 50 ℃.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the EM bacterial powder, the ammonia oxidizing bacterial powder, the bacillus subtilis powder, and the prokaryote growth promoter are diluted 100 to 200 times with water, and then fully mixed in a volume ratio of 2:1:1:1 to obtain a mixed bacterial solution; mixing the deposited sludge and the volcanic mud in a volume ratio of 4:1 to obtain mixed soil; and fully mixing the mixed soil and the mixed bacteria liquid in a volume ratio of 20-50: 1-2.
7. The method of claim 1 or 6, wherein in the step S2, the bacterial colony count in the bacterial sludge is 1.0 x 10^7 to 1.0 x 10^8 CFU/g.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the microorganism attachment base is made of porous ceramic material, the surface porosity is 60-75%, the pore size is 5-15 mm, and the interior of the microorganism attachment base is hollow and filled with fermented straw.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S5, the ecological floating bed is planted with one or more of water hyacinth, rush, mustard and dayflower, the bottom of the ecological floating bed is connected with a carbon fiber hose with micropores distributed over the surface, the bottom of the carbon fiber hose is sealed, and the inside of the carbon fiber hose is filled with magnetic microspheres, wherein the magnetic microspheres are CS-EGDE/Fe3O4Gel microspheres, Fe3O4One or more of modified chitosan magnetic microspheres and modified magnetic chitosan microspheres.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the benthonic animals comprise one or more of hemifusus pyriformis, freshwater mussels, river snails, loaches, earthworms; the fish comprises one or more of catfish, grass carp, bighead carp and African crucian carp; the shrimp comprises one or more of freshwater shrimp, grass shrimp, macrobrachium, and crayfish.
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| CN112811712B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-12-13 | 江苏省环境工程技术有限公司 | Method for restoring composite polluted soil, water body or bottom mud by using aquatic organisms |
| CN113024047B (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-10-25 | 辽宁省生态环境保护科技中心 | Water environment comprehensive treatment method and application thereof |
| CN113620539B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-04-18 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | Efficient control method for wetland phosphorus pollution |
| CN114195265A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-18 | 中国葛洲坝集团第二工程有限公司 | Comprehensive water ecological restoration construction method for small and tiny black and odorous water body in town |
| CN114982581B (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2023-09-26 | 海南省林业科学研究院(海南省红树林研究院) | Ecological restoration forestation method for wetland mangrove forest |
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