CN1116615C - Device and method for estimating remaining life of battery - Google Patents
Device and method for estimating remaining life of battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN1116615C CN1116615C CN95198009A CN95198009A CN1116615C CN 1116615 C CN1116615 C CN 1116615C CN 95198009 A CN95198009 A CN 95198009A CN 95198009 A CN95198009 A CN 95198009A CN 1116615 C CN1116615 C CN 1116615C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a device for estimating the service life of a battery. The battery supplies charged electricity to an electric appliance. The device of the present invention is provided with a storage section, a discharge voltage drop amount cumulating section and a service life estimating device, wherein the storage section is used for storing the relations between the standard total value of the discharge voltage drop amount from the start of battery discharge and the standard service life value. The discharge voltage drop cumulating amount section is used for accumulating the discharge voltage drop amount from the start of the battery discharge, and the service life estimating device is used for estimating the service life of the battery according to the accumulated total value of the discharge voltage drop amount and the standard total value stored in a storing device.
Description
The method that the present invention relates to measure the equipment of battery life and measure battery life, this equipment is connected to or is included in the electrical equipment, gives electric power supply when power fail occurring.
It is desirable to, even the data that personal computer or workstation are handled are still being stored when power fail appears in the commercial power of giving these power devices.So, provide standby discharging and rechargeable battery, even in order that the data of preparations such as personal computer are still being stored when power fail occurring.
Yet, reserve battery in time disappearance and quality descends, the progress that quality descends just causes reliability to reduce, and for example, it is said that common is two to three years as standby service life of lead accumulator.So, need replace with new battery in view of the quality a lot of battery that descends, after battery damages fully, tell the user to replace battery again and come too late, importantly, tell the progress of user quality decline, in advance by when knowing this replacement battery.Under this condition, the load capacity by reference environment temperature and electrical equipment is measured battery life, provides electrical equipment to link this sensing equipment under the commercial power state.
Yet environment temperature and load capacity are the factors that has a strong impact on battery life and life-span determination.Therefore, during measuring battery life, the load of electrical equipment changed or since the environment temperature cataclysm cause the inside and outside generation temperature difference of battery, such situation will appear, not only can not measure the correct life-span of battery, but also can obtain the battery unreasonable result of badly damaged, although this is a new battery, although perhaps this is one and has used for many years remaining still suitable with new battery life used batteries of life-span.
And, in view of the not necessarily mutual unanimity of the flash-over characteristic of each battery, common battery life assay method is based on such hypothesis, and all batteries have identical flash-over characteristic, so this method can not be measured discrepant each battery life of flash-over characteristic exactly.
In addition, because lead-acid accumulator is after using 2 years, its discharge capability can descend suddenly, only relies on termly, as every month, measures battery life, can not correctly measure and use about 2 years battery life.
In addition, when lead-acid accumulator is connected mutually, " battery unit fault " phenomenon may occur, that is, a battery unit damages suddenly, and its sparking voltage descends suddenly.On the other hand, in battery discharge and the method according to total flash-over characteristic mensuration battery life, shown in Figure 29 (a), discharge process stops when sparking voltage reaches a certain magnitude of voltage (discharge limit).Its reason is to make battery discharge can shorten battery life greatly at this below the discharge limit.Yet, there is such problem, terminal voltage can reach fixing final discharging voltage earlier, shown in Figure 29 (b), has therefore just suppressed not have other battery units of battery unit fault fully to put its ability to good use.
And, in the process of prior art monitoring battery connection status, the cell voltage that is used to monitor is added on the voltage grading resistor to obtain an analog to digital conversion voltage, so pass through with regard to having big relatively electric current, and cell voltage also be used for standby, so, battery AC power equipment (civilian power supply) when being in off-state still work, just have a large amount of power consumptions, various types of information can not be stored for a long time.
Many purposes of the present invention are:
(a) even under the situation of load or environment temperature sudden change, can provide a correct equipment and a method of measuring battery life;
(b), can provide a correct equipment and a method of measuring battery life even under the discrepant situation of the flash-over characteristic of each battery;
(c) provide an equipment and a method of measuring battery life, it will not draw any irrational measurement result;
(d) provide an equipment and the method that whenever can correctly measure battery life during battery service life;
(e) provide an equipment and a method of measuring battery life,, and still can make other battery units fully put ability to good use even any battery unit fault when battery life is measured, occurs; And
(f) provide a no-break power unit, even when AC power equipment disconnects, it still can be connected or not connect with battery with low power consumption.
In order to achieve the above object, according to the invention provides an equipment of measuring battery life, this battery is given electric power supply, and this equipment comprises: the life-span memory storage is used for the storage battery discharge and begins to concern between sparking voltage slippage standard total value afterwards and the standard life value; Sparking voltage slippage adding up device, the rechargeable battery forced discharge that is used to add up begins sparking voltage slippage afterwards; And the life-span determine device, according to the standard total value in add up sparking voltage slippage total value and the memory storage that record, determine battery life.
This life-span determination equipment adds up and begins to the sparking voltage slippage of schedule time end from discharge, and life-span determination is according to the total value that obtains.So measurement result unlikely changes because of the variation of load.
This battery life sensing equipment can also comprise; The life-span memory storage is used for the storage battery discharge and begins to concern between sparking voltage slippage standard total value afterwards and the standard life value; Sparking voltage slippage adding up device, discharge battery discharge beginning sparking voltage slippage afterwards is used to add up; And the life-span determine device, according to the standard total value in add up sparking voltage slippage total value and the memory storage that record, determine battery life.This equipment is finished repeatedly initial discharge, calculate modifying factor, utilization calculate modifying factor correction sparking voltage slippage standard total value and the standard life value between concern, and the sparking voltage slippage total value that records be added to determine battery life in the revised relation.So, even battery characteristic variant, this equipment can be measured battery life.
In addition, this battery life sensing equipment can also comprise: the life-span memory storage is used for the storage battery discharge and begins to concern between sparking voltage slippage standard total value afterwards and the standard life value; Sparking voltage slippage adding up device, discharge battery discharge beginning sparking voltage slippage afterwards is used to add up; And the life-span determine device, according to the standard total value in add up sparking voltage slippage total value and the memory storage that record, determine battery life.With this equipment, life-span determination is under the uniform temp state at battery surface and inside battery to be finished.So this sensing equipment can correctly be measured battery life and not be acted upon by temperature changes.
In addition, this battery life sensing equipment can also comprise: the life-span memory storage is used for the storage battery discharge and begins to concern between sparking voltage slippage standard total value afterwards and the standard life value; Sparking voltage slippage adding up device, discharge battery discharge beginning sparking voltage slippage afterwards is used to add up; And the life-span determine device, according to the standard total value in add up sparking voltage slippage total value and the memory storage that record, determine battery life, with this equipment, measure even under battery quality has descended a lot of situation, can realize correct battery life.
This battery life sensing equipment can also comprise: the life-span memory storage is used for the storage battery discharge and begins to concern between sparking voltage slippage standard total value afterwards and the standard life value; Sparking voltage slippage adding up device, the rechargeable battery forced discharge that is used to add up begins sparking voltage slippage afterwards; And the life-span determine device, according to the standard total value in add up sparking voltage slippage total value and the memory storage that record, determine battery life, wherein after detecting a battery unit fault, can finish battery life with the sparking voltage slippage that records after revising and measure.
In addition, measure and can comprise for the battery life equipment of electric power supply: the life-span memory storage is used for the storage battery discharge and begins to concern between sparking voltage slippage standard total value afterwards and the standard life value; Sparking voltage slippage adding up device, the rechargeable battery forced discharge that is used to add up begins sparking voltage slippage afterwards; And the life-span determine device, according to the standard total value in add up sparking voltage slippage total value and the memory storage that record, determine battery life.So unreasonable result can not appear in this equipment, and its life-span of the battery of just having brought into use is very short.
According to the invention provides a method of measuring battery life, the step that the method comprises is: concern between sparking voltage slippage standard total value in memory storage after the storage battery discharge beginning and the standard life value; Measure the rechargeable battery forced discharge and begin afterwards the sparking voltage slippage of disappearance in time; And, determine battery life according to concerning between the standard life value of storing in the sparking voltage slippage total value that in the elapsed time of regulation, records and standard total value and the memory storage.
This battery life assay method can also comprise the steps: to finish the repeatedly initial discharge of battery; According to flash-over characteristic and the standard flash-over characteristic that initial discharge repeatedly obtains, calculate modifying factor; Utilize between the standard life value of storing in modifying factor correction standard total value and the memory storage and concern; And the total value that records is added in the revised relation, determine battery life.
In addition, preferably, temperature survey is carried out when life-span determination begins, if temperature variation surpasses predetermined value, carries out life-span determination after passing by at the appointed time again.
In addition, it also is feasible doing like this, and before cycle stipulated time, battery life mensuration is to carry out after first cycle stage after battery uses beginning; After cycle stipulated time, it is to carry out after second cycle stage that battery life is measured, and first circulation of second recycle ratio is short.
According to the electrical equipment that the invention provides a band lead-acid accumulator, this electrical equipment is supply voltage to be provided for the circuit of electrical equipment by this lead-acid accumulator, and this electrical equipment comprises: the flash-over characteristic measurement mechanism is used to measure the flash-over characteristic of battery; Battery unit failure judgment device judges whether there is battery unit fault according to flash-over characteristic; And the device that reduces the battery discharge final voltage, when battery unit fault appears in judgement, reduce predetermined value of final discharging voltage.In this equipment, in case detect after the battery unit fault, final discharging voltage just be arranged on regulation than on the low value.So just correspondingly prolong discharge time, in order that make other battery units of the first fault of no battery can obtain effectively utilizing.
According to the no-break power unit that the invention provides a charged road part and battery part, be connected to each other between this circuit part and the battery part, no-break power unit comprises: the ON-OFF decision maker, judge that providing the AC power equipment of power supply to circuit part is ON or OFF; First signal output apparatus is used to export the voltage that is equivalent to battery part number; The secondary signal output unit is used to export the binary signal that whether connects corresponding to the battery part; Monitoring device, the OFF state that the ON state of judging according to the ON-OFF decision maker is judged from the signal of first signal output apparatus with according to the ON-OFF decision maker is from the signal of secondary signal output unit, the connection status of monitoring battery part.Preferably, by preceding monitored signal output in first signal output apparatus and the two output of secondary signal output unit is transformed into back monitored signal output, observe averaging process output signal afterwards continuously with utilizing, no-break power unit is monitored the connection status of each battery part.Preferably, previous signal output in the output from the output of first signal output apparatus and secondary signal output unit, no matter which output is at first to be monitored to, forward the OFF state at switch to from the ON state, or after the OFF state forwards the ON state to, be transformed into back signal output, utilize the connection status of each battery part of the average back signal output of displacement monitoring.
In this no-break power unit, when AC power equipment was OFF, the work of circuit part relied on the voltage from AC power equipment, after differentiating to ON, response to number of battery cells is that circuit part is from voltage of first signal output apparatus output.So monitoring device can be known the number of connection according to the resultant voltage of accurate evaluation.On the other hand, when AC power equipment is OFF, because the signal whether an expression of secondary signal output unit output battery connects, for example, one is high level or low level signal, whether monitoring device just can connect by differentiating that high level or low level detect, and stores this signal.In the case, what all need be done is to identify high level or low level, owing to passing through voltage grading resistor without any big electric current, so can reduce power consumption.
Fig. 1 is a block scheme, the no-break power unit of expression band battery life sensing equipment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the battery life of microcomputer is measured circuit block diagram;
Fig. 3 is a block scheme, the composition of timer part in presentation graphs 2 block schemes;
Fig. 4 is a block scheme, the composition of standby part in presentation graphs 2 block schemes;
Fig. 5 is a block scheme, the composition of totalizer in presentation graphs 2 block schemes;
Fig. 6 is the discharging voltage characteristic curve of battery;
Fig. 7 is a sparking voltage slippage total value table;
Fig. 8 is the life value table;
Fig. 9 is a block scheme, the composition of life value table counter in presentation graphs 2 block schemes;
Figure 10 is the subordinate function figure of temperature, and this temperature is an input of fuzzy reasoning part;
Figure 11 is the subordinate function figure of load, and this load is an input of fuzzy reasoning part;
Figure 12 is a battery life mensuration table of describing load and temperature;
Figure 13 is the interpolation table of 100% life value;
Interpolation when Figure 14 is 180W and 20 ℃ is table as a result;
Figure 15 is the main flow chart in the battery life mensuration process;
Figure 16 describes the process flow diagram that battery life is measured process with Figure 15 process flow diagram;
Figure 17 describes the process flow diagram that battery life is measured process with Figure 15 and 16 process flow diagrams;
Figure 18 describes the process flow diagram that battery life is measured process with Figure 15 to 17 process flow diagram;
Figure 19 is a normal voltage decline scale;
Figure 20 is 1 a digit interpolation table of normal voltage slippage and total value;
Figure 21 is the example of interpolation ground fruit when 180W and 20 ℃;
Figure 22 is the storage of array table that is used to detect battery unit fault;
Figure 23 is the subordinate function figure of life value, and this life value is an input of fuzzy reasoning part;
Figure 24 is the subordinate function figure of month number of process, and the moon number of this process is an input of fuzzy reasoning part;
Figure 25 is the subordinate function figure of charging history, and this charging history is an input of fuzzy reasoning part;
Figure 26 is the subordinate function figure of fuzzy reasoning part conclusion part;
Figure 27 is the used rule of fuzzy reasoning part;
Figure 28 is the main process flow diagram part of no-break power unit;
Figure 29 is the battery unit fault graph of describing in the accumulator;
Figure 30 is the monitoring function figure of description control unit and battery unit connection status;
Figure 31 is a time diagram, describes the operation of monitoring function afterwards from the ON state variation to the OFF state of AC power equipment;
Figure 32 is a process flow diagram, describes the operation of monitoring function afterwards from the ON state variation to the OFF state of AC power equipment;
Figure 33 is a time diagram, describes the operation of monitoring function afterwards from the OFF state variation to the ON state of AC power equipment; And
Figure 34 is a process flow diagram, describes the operation of monitoring function afterwards from the OFF state variation to the ON state of AC power equipment.
Implement now in conjunction with describing each preferred embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
(1) composition of no-break power unit
Fig. 1 is the block scheme of no-break power unit.Whole by reference number 1 expression of this no-break power unit, it generally includes battery unit 10 and control module 20, and wherein this battery unit 10 and control module 20 are connected with connector 12 with many cables 11 between mutual.This no-break power unit 1 is supplied with electrical equipment to common electric power from commercial power 30 feed-ins through control module 20, that is, and and as the electrical equipment 40 of a load.In addition, no-break power unit 1 gives battery unit 10 chargings, when the commercial power power failure (for example, power fail), the electricity of substituting the bad for the good for battery unit 10 is offered load 40 through control module 20.
In addition, temperature sensor 14 is linked battery unit 10, so that the environment temperature that battery 13 is placed is input in the BMCU microcomputer 26, and, load, promptly electrical equipment 40, disposed detect load load cell 42 (for example, power pack), wherein the output of sensor is converted to digital signal by UMCU microcomputer 27, and the digital signal that obtains is sent to BMCU microcomputer 26 by the serial communication circuit.
(2) operation of no-break power unit
The ruuning situation of following sketch out no-break power unit 1.Under the normal condition, make power circuit 23 be set in such state from a signal of control circuit 24, power circuit 23 is connected to each other with plug 21 and socket 22.So, from the power supply of civilian power supply 30 through plug 21, power circuit 23, socket 22 and the plug 41 of linking socket 22 are passed to electrical equipment 40.In addition, the AC electric current of supply power circuit 23 also offers battery unit 10 through power unit 25, so battery 13 is recharged.In addition, self-contained battery is charged, in order that be used as the Control current of microcomputer 26,27 and various circuit through the power pack ground of power unit 25.
When making civilian power supply 30 power failure owing to reasons such as power fails, the interruption status Be Controlled circuit 24 of formation detects.BMCU microcomputer 26 is exported a prearranged signals to control circuit 24 through UMCU microcomputer 27, so that power circuit 23 is switched, in addition, according to signal from control circuit 24, battery 13 and inverter circuit that BMCU microcomputer 26 starts in the battery unit 10, make to change the AC electric current into, and supply with electrical equipment 40 through power circuit 23 from the DC electrorheological of battery 13 outputs.Therefore, electrical equipment 40 moves according to the mode identical with normal condition.And even under this interruption status, BMCU microcomputer 26 is still monitored the connection status of battery 13, and its output voltage uses the duration, or the like.
(3) battery life circuit
Fig. 2 is the life-span determination circuit of BMCU microcomputer 26, and it finishes the life-span determination of battery 13.The carrying out of this life-span determination passes through following steps in principle, by discharge of electricity three times (initial discharge) to filling in the battery 13, measure the sparking voltage slippage characteristic (actual discharge falling quantity of voltages characteristic) of battery 13, this result is compared with the standard sparking voltage slippage characteristic that is stored in the BMCU microcomputer 26.In addition, consider the charging history of battery 13, the required factors such as duration of charging are determined the mensuration life value of battery once more, send according to measurement result and change the battery untill further notice.
Hereinafter the various piece of life-span determination circuit 50 is given to describe.
1. timer section 51
In this life-span determination circuit 50, the loop cycle that timer section 51 specified lifes are measured, the life-span determination process is to repeat in the step of designated cycle.Say that in particular timer section 51 shown in Figure 3 comprises: month timer 511, signal of its output in every month; All timers 512, it exports a signal weekly; Select part 513 with timer, its select timer 511 and timer 512 the two one of.Timer selects part 513 to select month timer 511 in two years that battery 13 uses after beginning, after using past 2 years of beginning, select all timers 512, when timer 511 or 512 expires, timer section 51 is just exported a signal, and the signal of output is input to the part 53 of having prepared trigger pip.
2. standby part 53
3. temperature survey part 54
4. the load capacity measure portion 55
Load capacity measure portion 55 detects the load of electrical equipment 40 according to the output of load cell 42.Then, if load capacity is lower than the rated power of no-break power unit 1, perhaps be equal to or greater than 15% of this rated power, then life-span determination allows; Otherwise life-span determination is unallowed.
5. totalizer part 56 (see figure 5)s
Totalizer part 56 shown in Figure 5 comprises: falling quantity of voltages measure portion 561; Battery unit fault detector 562; Corrector 563 is in case detect the drop-out voltage that the fault correction of battery unit records; The timer section 564 of Measuring Time; And counter 565, it adds up the falling quantity of voltages and the time of drop-out voltage.In this totalizer part 56, in the curve that concerns between discharge time and the battery discharge voltage, the sparking voltage slippage is to begin to add up from drop-out voltage as shown in Figure 6, beginning to the cycle that finishes to measure, the step-length of time be by, for example, 500WS (Watts/sec).
Recorded all total values by experiment and be illustrated in the normal voltage slippage total value table (standard total value table), therefore can access optimum life span measurement result (see figure 7) corresponding to a temperature and a load capacity.So, calculate and carry out repeatedly, become the setting of representing in the total value table up to accumulated value.
Say that in particular the sparking voltage slippage is to be measured by measure portion 561.Meanwhile, when battery unit fault in measuring process, occurring, battery unit fault detector 562 can detect, and corrector 563 is just revised the actual sparking voltage slippage that records, and totalizer part 565 is according to the timer 564 designated time intervals step-lengths sparking voltage slippage that adds up.
Standard total value table is pointed out four temperature (O ℃, 10 ℃, 25 ℃, 45 ℃), four loads (50W, 125W, 250W, 500W), and the standard sparking voltage total value (WS) that optimum life span is measured under these temperature and loading condition.So, for example, be 700 ℃ if temperature is 10 ℃ and load capacity, the falling quantity of voltages that then adds up becomes a up to total value
42Be not listed under the situation of standard total value table in temperature and loading condition, for example, under 15 ℃ and 200W situation, determine the standard total value of interpolation by the essential numerical value of interpolation in this table.In addition, for 16 standard total values in the standard total value table, prepared 16 standard total value tables, these tables have illustrated between falling quantity of voltages (product of drop-out voltage and time) and the life value and have concerned (see figure 8).
6. life value table counter part 57 (see figure 9)s
Life value table counter part 57 has disposed 16 standard life value table 571 (see figure 6)s, four temperature in the table (0 ℃, 10 ℃, 25 ℃, 45 ℃) and four loads (50W, 125W, 250W, 500W) combination mutually.By fuzzy interpolation total value in standard total value table, counter 572 determine to be different under said temperature and the loading condition (for example, 15 ℃, life value table 30W).And, in fuzzy reasoning, adopted Figure 10 and subordinate function shown in Figure 11.
Utilize (reality) total value that records respectively in three initial discharges and the standard total value of determining by calculating (or interpolation total value), counter 572 (1) is as follows determined modifying factor γ:
γ＝I/I
s (1)
Wherein I is the total value that records in the actual measurement, I
sIt is standard (or interpolation) total value.Then, each is on duty with modifying factor γ in the standard life value table shown in Figure 7, the concrete life value table of temperature and load when having obtained measuring.
Modifying factor γ is finally determined by three initial discharges.Say the modifying factor γ that determines during storage initial discharge first time in particular
1Then, calculate the modifying factor γ that initial discharge is for the second time determined
2With last modifying factor γ
1Between mean value γ
12Then, according to modifying factor γ
12The modifying factor γ that initial for the third time discharge is determined
3, determine final modifying factor γ according to following formula (2).
γ＝(2γ
12+γ
3)/3 (2)
Now, further specify fuzzy interpolation method based on the falling quantity of voltages total value of standard life value table.About four load capacity 50W, 125W, 250W, 0 ℃ of 500W and four temperature, 10 ℃, 25 ℃, 45 ℃ of 16 conditions that combine, prepared life value-total difference table, step-length is 10% the life value and the relation of their corresponding sparking voltage slippage total difference between these table explanations from 0% to 100%.(seeing Figure 12), and each life value of preparing based on above-mentioned these tables (100% ..., 0%) and interpolation table (seeing Figure 13), so can utilize these interpolation tables to blur interpolation falling quantity of voltages total value.In addition, 1digit represents 0.05V at these tables, for example, and 20digits correspondence 1 (Vsec).For example, be that 180W and temperature are under 20 ℃ of conditions in load capacity shown in Figure 13, utilize the total difference of interpolation table (Figure 13) calculating of each life value, and utilize each total difference correction standard total value table corresponding to each life value.
7. measure criterion and judge part 58
Measure criterion and judge the required criterion of part 58 judgement life-span determination, as the measurement temperature, sensing lead, and corresponding to concrete life value table under these conditions or the like.
8. measure part 59
9. total fuzzy reasoning part 60
Total fuzzy reasoning part 60 is measured the battery life that part 59 is determined according to battery charge history 61 and battery charge elapsed time 62 with the fuzzy reasoning method comprehensive assessment.
(4) life-span determination
Life-span determination with reference to the flow chart description battery of Figure 15.Should be noted that it is to be to finish under the state that connects of load 40 at electrical equipment that battery life is measured.
Life-span determination begins, and when discharge order for the first time is ready to (ST1), control circuit 24 just makes power circuit 23 switch to holding state from normal condition, and wherein battery 13 discharges of battery unit 10 are to give electrical equipment 40 power supplies.In this process, sparking voltage reduces along curve shown in Figure 6, and the curve gradient is with load capacity and temperature and different among the figure.
After passing by at the fixed time, for example, after 10 seconds of discharge beginning, sensing lead electric current and calculate its bearing power (ST2).Load measure is to carry out continuously eight times, determines the bearing power mean value of eight measurements.And, according to bearing power, determine optimum voltage slippage total value and measurement duration that load life is measured.This falling quantity of voltages total value can obtain from the total value that interpolation standard total value table generates, or with reference to the value in this total value table under this temperature and the loading condition.Measuring the duration can determine according to falling quantity of voltages total value and bearing power.For example, with reference to the normal voltage slippage total value table of Fig. 7, be that 125W and temperature are that this total value is defined as 58000WS under 25 ℃ of conditions in bearing power.Secondly, according to this total value and bearing power, determine the duration of measuring.In addition, being 5 ℃ in the measurement temperature is under the condition of 100W with bearing power, by the numerical value in the interpolation normal voltage slippage total value table, determines target total value and measurement duration.
Then, measure temperature, and judge that temperature is whether in the concrete scope of being scheduled to (ST3) according to the output of temperature sensor.If temperature just stops discharge in concrete scope (for example, 0-40 ℃) in addition, transmit a discharge decretum inhibitorium, EOP (end of program), (ST4).If temperature is then determined load capacity according to the output of load cell in concrete scope, and judge that load capacity is whether in the scope of being scheduled to (ST5).If load on beyond the predetermined scope, just stop discharge, transmit a discharge decretum inhibitorium, EOP (end of program) (ST6).If capacity is in preset range, then judge bearing power displacement mean value when each load measure finishes, whether changed displacement mean value 10% or bigger, this displacement mean value is the value (ST7) that obtains the last time.If load variations has reached 10% or bigger, just stop discharge, transmit one and measure decretum inhibitorium, EOP (end of program) (ST8).If load variations is less than 10%, whether the measurement duration of determining before then judging passes by (ST9), wherein two process per seconds of ST7 and ST8 repeatedly carry out, finish up to measuring the duration, after measuring past duration, for the first time initial discharge finishes (ST10), and control circuit 24 switches power circuit 23, holding state is got back to normal condition, makes battery be in charged state and is activated.This charged state continues two minutes (ST11).
In case finish after the activating charge, send discharge order (ST12) for the second time, the discharge that is used for life-span determination has begun, and control circuit 24 switches power circuit 23, forwards holding state to from normal condition.And, as the ST2 process, sensing lead electric current (ST13), judge that in this process whether load variations is 10% or bigger (ST14), if load variations is 10% or bigger, just stops discharge, transmit one and measure decretum inhibitorium, this EOP (end of program) (ST15).If load variations less than 10%, is just stored this load variations value (ST16).Cun Chu load variations value is used for the correction of life value table herein.For example, if load variations is 5%, then modifying factor γ just revises 5%, utilizes amended modifying factor, the concrete life value table of measuring condition and the battery of surveying 13 after revising.
Then, according to standard total value table, the temperature during measurement utilizes fuzzy reasoning to determine the interpolation total value S of load capacity
sWith concrete life value table (ST17).Interpolation total value table (ST18) when in addition, preparation is measured under temperature and the load capacity condition.In addition, the district that adds up (beginning to the zone of measure finishing from measurement) is divided into ten subregions, the measurement total value (subregion total value) of calculating each subregion (ST19).
In each step of following ST19 to ST44, detect battery unit fault.At first, in ST19, each subregion total value is by the duration (ST20) of load capacity divided by definite each subregion.Though the duration of each subregion changes with temperature and load capacity, general, the subregion total value of each subregion is about 1670WS, and the subregion duration is about 7 seconds.Enter into the process of calculating each subregion falling quantity of voltages now, remove falling quantity of voltages total value S
s(ST21), begin to calculate the life value of each subregion.
The sparking voltage slippage D that records when at first, determining to measure beginning
s, and the falling quantity of voltages first time of each subregion (subregion initial value) D
Ss(I) (ST23).
Interpolation falling quantity of voltages table (ST24) when secondly, determining to measure under temperature and the load capacity.This interpolation falling quantity of voltages table is to determine by the following method.For example, being 20 ℃ in temperature is under the 180W condition with load, and according to 16 normal voltage decline scales and progressive power total value, these are combined by four load capacities and four temperature, the interpolation falling quantity of voltages table (seeing Figure 19) of preparation Figure 20.Then, according to this interpolation falling quantity of voltages table, can obtain load capacity is that 180W and temperature are the interpolation result shown in Figure 21 under 20 ℃ of conditions.
Then, according to interpolation falling quantity of voltages table, determine normal voltage slippage D corresponding to each subregion in above-mentioned ten subregions
hWith starting potential slippage (subregion initial value) Dhs (I) (ST25).
Then, judge whether discharge finishes (ST26), if discharge finishes, discharge process just stops (ST64).In addition, when being judged to be warning, transmit " damaging a fully " signal, when being judged to be warning, transmit " warning " signal.If the result of determination at ST26 is NO, judge then whether sparking voltage slippage total value has reached 500WS (ST27).If this result is NO, then program turns back to ST26, and the process of ST26 and ST27 carries out surpassing 500WS up to total value repeatedly herein; As if this result is YES, then D
s-D
Ss(I) be added to the subregion falling quantity of voltages total value S that records
Sk(I) go up (ST28), D
sBe added to the falling quantity of voltages total value S that records
sGo up (ST29).In the case, if the process of 500WS has exceeded partition boundaries, the falling quantity of voltages D that gets of this pacing then
sThe total value that is belonged to each subregion is in proportion removed, and adds up to belong to the value of being divided by in proportion of each subregion again.
At ST30, the interpolation falling quantity of voltages table when determining to measure under temperature and the load capacity condition.Then, interpolation slippage D
hOne interpolation slippage subregion initial value D
Hs(I) be added to subregion falling quantity of voltages total value S
Sk(I) go up (ST30), judge herein whether a subregion finishes (ST32).The process of ST26 to ST32 is carried out repeatedly up to a branch end of extent, the subregion interpolation slippage of the subregion that adds up thus.
Secondly, interpolation life value table multiply by subregion interpolation slippage total value S
Hk(I), removed by each value of 100% total value table afterwards, thus the life value table (ST33) of subregion I all set.Then, determine subregion life value J (I) (ST34), and be stored in (ST35) in the array shown in Figure 22.In Figure 22, I represents a subregion of current calculating, and I-1 represents first subregion before the subregion I, and I-2 represents subregion I second subregion before.Character J represents the subregion life value, and a sign of battery unit fault is revised in the F representative, and the required numerical value of battery unit's fault is revised in the H representative.This numerical value H (k) is provided by following formula (3):
H(k)＝D
ss(k)-D
hs(K) (3)
In order to judge whether to exist battery unit fault, whether at first judge subregion life value J (I) less than 40%, and whether subregion life value J (I-1) or subregion life value J (I-2) all are not less than 60% (ST36).If YES, sign F (I) is set to 1 (ST37), and program enters into ST38.If NO, program is skipped ST37, enters into ST38.At ST38, whether judge subregion life value J (I-1) less than 40%, and whether subregion life value J (I) or subregion life value J (I-2) all are not less than 60%.If YES, sign F (I-1) is set to 1 (ST39), and program enters into ST40.If NO, program is skipped ST39, enters into ST40.
At ST40, whether judge subregion life value J (I-2) less than 40%, and whether subregion life value J (I) or subregion life value J (I-1) are less than 60%.If YES, sign F (I-2) is set to 1 (ST41), and program enters into ST42.If NO, program is skipped ST41, enters into ST42.At ST42, whether judgement symbol F (I-2) is 1.If YES is judged to be battery unit fault, just deducts modified value H (I-1) (ST43), and deduct the accumulative frequency (ST44) that 2H (I-1) multiply by a subregion from the slippage total value Ss that records from the following slippage Ds that records.
In this embodiment, detect battery unit fault according to the method described above, after detecting battery unit fault, revise the life-span determination result of following subregion, the battery unit fault factor is removed from the life-span determination result.
Then, judge in battery life mensuration process whether battery is badly damaged.For this purpose, judge in ST45 whether I is 4.If YES, in ST46 and following process, carry out alarm level and judge, in this alarm level is judged, from the slippage total value Ss that records, determine life value first, store the life value that this draws, promptly upgrade life value.In ST47, judge from the battery charge characteristic whether battery damages then by fuzzy reasoning.Fuzzy reasoning in the case is, adopt life value subordinate function (seeing Figure 23), battery uses the process month number subordinate function (seeing Figure 24) after the beginning, with the charging history subordinate function (seeing Figure 25) as input value, subordinate function is normal at the mark (seeing Figure 26) of conclusion part, warning and warning.Fuzzy rule is represented in Figure 27, the history of herein charging Low (0), Mid (120), High (240) (each numerical value is to obtain divided by 10 from the product of temperature with process month number) is illustrated respectively in, in, following three phases, through a month number NEW (12), MED (36), the direction indication of OLD (60) (each numerical value is moon number in the past) in each stage along row, life value 100%, 70%, 30% presses three-dimensional in each stage along the direction of row arranges, and wherein life value can be determined according to the weighted mean of these numerical value.Calculating is finished in the following order: (1) 27 fineness multiply by the life value 100%, 50% and 0% of conclusion part in each truth table; (2) to whole 27 calculated values summations, summed result is divided by total fineness (value that 27 finenesses summations are obtained).Ask the weighted mean of this value of calculating.According to this result of calculation, be 100 to 70 for life value, this battery is judged to be " normally "; For life value is 70 to 30, is judged to be " warning "; For life value is 30 to 0, is judged to be " warning ".
Refer again to the process flow diagram of Figure 18,, then finish discharge, send " warning " signal (ST48) if the result of fuzzy reasoning reports to the police in ST47.In addition, if the result of fuzzy reasoning is normal or warning, then program turns back to ST22, enters into the calculating of next subregion, that is, and and subregion I=5.
If I is not equal to 4 in the judgement of ST45, then judge at ST49 whether I equals 9.If YES promptly, if program enters into the calculating of subregion I=9, then carries out the warning level and judges, this judgement is to carry out STS0 last processing procedure afterwards.In this warning level is judged, according to falling quantity of voltages total value Ss counting cell life value and stored (ST50) at first.Then, in ST47, life value, three subordinate functions of charging history and process month number judge that by fuzzy reasoning battery is in normally, which state among warning or the warning three as input value.Those subordinate functions that three subordinate functions are among the ST47 to be adopted.
According to the result of fuzzy reasoning, if battery is judged to be in normal condition, when transmitting result of determination, finish discharge (ST52), send the finish command (ST53) that discharges for the second time, transmit " normally " decision signal (ST54).Then, whether judge the discharge of next time carrying out for for the third time (ST55), if be judged to be for the third time, program enters into ST56, calculates above-mentioned modifying factor herein.Secondly, whether judge load variations less than 5%, herein if YES, the counter that is used to calculate initial discharge time increases 1 (ST58), the life value (ST61) of renewal modifying factor (ST60) and storage battery.
If the result of fuzzy reasoning is warning in ST51, then discharge finishes, and transmits " warning " signal (ST62).If the result of fuzzy reasoning reports to the police, then discharge finishes, and transmits " warning " signal (SB63).
Above-mentioned life-span determination is according to periodically carrying out shown in Figure 28 process flow diagram.This battery uses before after the beginning 24 months in battery unit, judges that in ST71 the result who whether pass by in 24 months is NO, judges in the case whether from the last life-span determination 30 days pass by (ST72).Keep holding state in the past until 30 days, the past tense when 30 days, 30 days timers reset (ST73), just begin the life-span determination process.In other words, before 24 months after battery uses beginning, the life-span determination process is to carry out once in per 30 days.
After had pass by after battery uses beginning 24 months, the judgement in ST71 was YES, judged whether from the last life-span determination 7 days pass by (ST74) at this moment.Keep holding state in the past until 7 days, the past tense when 7 days, timer resetted in 7 days, just began life-span determination.
In the above-described embodiments, the structure of no-break power unit is that battery unit and control module are mutually independently.Yet these two unit can be integrated into a unit, or control module and electrical equipment gather together.
In addition, in no-break power unit, also can arrange like this, when battery unit fault was arranged in detecting accumulator, final discharging voltage was arranged to low 2V, and shown in Figure 29 (c), making does not have other battery units of battery unit fault can obtain effectively utilizing.
In addition, concern between falling quantity of voltages total value and the life value etc. and storing with the form of form.Yet these relations also can stored with the form of function formula, and perhaps, life value etc. can utilize the data that record to calculate by arithmetical operation.
As mentioned above, according to the present invention, adding up of sparking voltage slippage is to begin till the stipulated time in the past from battery discharge, and the mensuration of life value is according to the total value that obtains.So this life-span determination is the result unlikely be affected because of factors such as load variations.
And modifying factor is by repeatedly initial discharge is and definite, and the characteristic of each battery obtains revising.So, can measure battery life exactly and with each battery in property difference irrelevant.
In addition, when temperature variation in the life-span determination process, occurring, measured battery life again in the past in the stipulated time of armed state above setting.So battery life is to measure under the identical state of the inside and outside temperature of battery.So, can carry out life-span determination accurately and not be acted upon by temperature changes.
In addition, the cycle of life-span determination changed with the time in past after the battery use beginning.So, even the battery that damages also can be realized life-span determination accurately.
Because life-span determination is carried out after just revising the sparking voltage slippage detecting battery unit fault, can realize life-span determination accurately and with cause that because of battery unit fault some characteristic variations have nothing to do.
And, because life-span determination is carried out according to fuzzy reasoning method, by the life value that sparking voltage slippage total value is determined, charging history and elapsed time three are as input, this unreasonable result will not appear, the only remaining very short life-span of the battery of just having brought into use.
In addition, when detecting battery unit fault,, just correspondingly prolong discharge time, make other battery units of no battery unit fault can obtain utilization effectively because that final discharging voltage is set in is predetermined than on the low value.
(5) monitoring function
The monitoring function of BMCU microcomputer 26 is described now.Figure 30 is a circuit diagram, being connected between the battery unit 13 in draw BMCU microcomputer 26 and the no-break power unit 1.Battery 13 in the battery unit 10 is through 12 two terminals P 2 of connector, and P3 links BMCU microcomputer 26, and the resistor R 1 in the battery unit 10 is through two terminals P 1 of connector 12, and P4 links BMCU microcomputer 26.In addition, an end of resistor R 1 is linked on the line that links to each other with the terminals P 1 of BMCU microcomputer connector 12, and voltage V1 is added to the other end of resistor R 1.In addition, in the BMCU microcomputer 26 reserve battery is arranged, the voltage V2 of this battery links on another line, and this line is linked the terminals P 1 of BMCU microcomputer connector through resistor R 3.
In this circuit, the resistance value of resistor R 3 is arranged to greater than resistor R 1, the resistance value of R2 (about 10k Ω), and voltage V1 is by resistor R 1 herein, and R2 distributes, and voltage V2 is by resistor R 3, and R4 distributes.When power-supply device is ON, that is, when control module 20 when commercial power obtains power, obtain voltage V1 from power unit, in the case, the voltage of being told by resistor R 1 and R2 enters BMCU microcomputer 26, and these two voltages are converted to digital value by A/D converter in the machine.In the case, the battery unit number of linking control module 20 is big more, and the number in parallel with resistor R 1 is just big more, so the resistance value that makes up between terminals P 1 and the P2 is just more little, and the voltage of terminals P 1 is also just more little.So, can know the battery unit number of connection according to the size of terminals P 1 magnitude of voltage, this magnitude of voltage is changed and is stored by A/D.
When power-supply device is in the OFF state, can not get voltage V1.So, when power-supply device OFF, utilize resistor R 2, whether the voltage detecting battery unit 10 that R3 distributes is connected to control module 20, and whether connecting the signal that depends on through terminals P 1 this line transmission is H or L.If battery unit 10 does not connect, terminals P 1 is in off-state, make this signal by on move H to.If battery unit 10 connects, terminals P 1 has resistor R 3, the dividing potential drop part of V 2 that R2 constitutes, because R3 〉=R1, terminals P 1 pulled down to L.Whether discriminating is H or L, and is stored, can detect thus and write down battery unit 10 and be connected.
Suppose that the power supply of linking control module 20 is in the ON state, change to the OFF state now, with reference to the monitoring of Figure 31 time diagram and Figure 32 flow chart description battery operation, Figure 31 draws and occurs in t constantly from the ON state variation to the OFF state
3, wherein efflux is expressed as from right to left.At moment t
2, the last A/D conversion value that obtains terminals P 1 place 2..At moment t
1, the A/D conversion value that obtains time final value 1., t constantly
1Be moment t
2Last sampling instant.
When power supply at moment t
3When being transformed into OFF, that is, enter sleep pattern, then BMCU microcomputer 26 before power supply forwards OFF to, at first obtain the A/D conversion value 1. with 2. sum, and then add up when forwarding OFF to, i.e. t constantly
3The A/D conversion value 3., this and value are obtained the mean value that is shifted divided by 3,5. the value that will obtain converts H or L level (ST101) to again.
At next sampling instant t
4, BMCU microcomputer 26 is moment t
4The H of terminals P 1 or L value are added to two times of H or 5. the L value goes up, and divided by 3,6. the value that will obtain is expressed as H or L (ST102) again with this result.After this, when each sampling instant arrives, judge whether the power supply of control module 20 has forwarded ON (ST103) to, this moment, the displacement of then carrying out H and L repeatedly was average if power supply has forwarded ON to, and continuation monitoring terminal P1 is at H or on the L level, that is the connection status of monitoring battery unit.If power supply in sampling instant from the OFF state variation to the ON state, then in ST103, be judged to be YES, this moment, program jump forwarded the processing (ST105) of ON state to power supply from the OFF state.
Then, move from the processing that the OFF state forwards the ON state to reference to Figure 33 time diagram and Figure 34 flow chart description power supply.Because it is at moment t that OFF handles
1, t
2Finish, obtain and store terminals P 1 each constantly H and the L value 1., 2..If power supply is at moment t
3Change to the ON state, obtained t constantly
3H and the L discriminant value 3..These values 1., 2., 3. summation and with this and value divided by 3, calculate displacement mean value 4., the value that calculates is transformed into A/D conversion value (ST122).At moment t
4Afterwards, monitor the connection status of battery unceasingly according to the A/D conversion value of terminals P 1.
As mentioned above, in this monitoring function,, utilize the connection status of the signal voltage monitoring battery that is equivalent to the battery linking number in view of when the AC power ON; When power supply OFF, monitoring is equivalent to the signal H and the L that whether connect.So, when being in the OFF state, power supply can save power consumption, and make reserve battery prolong mission life.Therefore, can deal with connection status, duration or the like rightly.
Claims (11)
1. the battery life sensing equipment of an electronic installation, has battery in this electronic installation, and receive the supply voltage that provides to circuit part from this battery, this equipment comprises: the life value memory storage is used to store the accumulated value of the sparking voltage slippage after battery discharge begins and the relation between the life value; Sparking voltage slippage adding up device, sparking voltage slippage after battery discharge begins is used to add up; And the life-span determine device, the accumulated value of the sparking voltage slippage of storing in sparking voltage slippage accumulated value that relatively records and the above-mentioned life value memory storage and the relation between the life value are determined battery life.
2. according to the battery life sensing equipment of claim 1, the individual difference for the discharge characteristic of revising battery also comprises: the device of repeatedly implementing the initial discharge of battery; The modifying factor calculation element, the flash-over characteristic that obtains according to initial discharge is calculated the modifying factor that concerns between the accumulated value that is used for revising above-mentioned sparking voltage slippage and the life value; And correcting device, utilize the accumulated value of the above-mentioned sparking voltage slippage of this modifying factor correction and the relation between the life value, wherein by determining battery life in the relation that the sparking voltage slippage accumulated value that records is added to correction.
3. according to the battery life sensing equipment of claim 1, also comprise: the temperature variation pick-up unit is used to detect this situation that temperature variation has surpassed setting that occurs; With the device of starting life-span determination, occur temperature variation when life-span determination begins and surpassed setting, the schedule time after this begins life-span determination in the past.
4. according to the battery life sensing equipment of claim 1, also comprise: the cycle count device, write down battery and use beginning one-period afterwards; First timer, it stopped after each predetermined period 1; Second timer, it stopped after each predetermined second round, and this second round is shorter than the period 1; And the device that starts the life-span determination device, at cycle count device meter before the specified period, after each above-mentioned period 1, start the life-span determination device, after specified period, after each above-mentioned second round, start the life-span determination device at cycle count device meter.
5. according to the battery life sensing equipment of claim 1, also comprise: battery unit failure detector, detect battery unit fault in the accumulator according to the sparking voltage dropping characteristic; And correcting device, just revise the sparking voltage slippage in case detect battery unit fault, wherein after detecting battery unit fault, utilize the sparking voltage slippage that records after revising to carry out life-span determination.
6. the battery life sensing equipment of an electronic installation, has battery in this electronic installation, and receive the supply voltage that provides to circuit part from this battery, this equipment comprises: the life value memory storage is used to store the accumulated value of the sparking voltage slippage after battery discharge begins and the relation between the life value; Sparking voltage slippage adding up device, sparking voltage slippage after battery discharge begins is used to add up; Life-span is determined device, determines battery life according to this sparking voltage slippage accumulated value that records; Input charging history device; Input elapsed time device; And arrangement for indistinct inference, be used to receive life value, charging history and elapsed time corresponding to accumulated value, carry out fuzzy operation, the life value of output battery.
7. a battery life assay method comprises the following steps: the accumulated value of the sparking voltage slippage after the storage battery discharge beginning in memory storage and the relation between the life value; After the battery discharge that adds up begins along with the sparking voltage slippage of efflux; And the sparking voltage slippage accumulated value of utilization through recording after the stipulated time in the accumulated value of the sparking voltage slippage of in above-mentioned memory storage, storing and the relation between the life value, determine battery life.
8. according to the battery life assay method of claim 7,, further comprising the steps of: as repeatedly to implement the initial discharge of battery for the individual difference of the discharge characteristic of revising battery; According to the flash-over characteristic and the standard flash-over characteristic that obtain from initial discharge repeatedly, calculate modifying factor; Utilize the accumulated value of the sparking voltage slippage of storing in the above-mentioned memory storage of this modifying factor correction and the relation between the life value; And the sparking voltage slippage accumulated value that records is added in the revised relation, determine battery life.
9. according to the battery life assay method of claim 7, wherein: in life-span determination begins, measure temperature variation, if the situation that temperature variation surpasses setting occurred, then life-span determination is to carry out after the interval elapses at the fixed time again.
10. according to the battery life assay method of claim 7, wherein: battery uses beginning specified period afterwards before the past, and life-span determination is to carry out after the period 1; Specified period was after the past, and life-span determination is to carry out after second round, and this second round is shorter than the period 1;
11. battery life sensing equipment according to claim 1, wherein, dispose lead-acid accumulator in the above-mentioned electronic installation and receive the supply voltage of supplying with to circuit part from this lead-acid accumulator, comprising: the flash-over characteristic measurement mechanism is used to measure the flash-over characteristic of accumulator; Battery unit failure judgment device judges whether to exist battery unit fault according to flash-over characteristic; And the device that reduces final discharging voltage, when there is battery unit fault in judgement, final discharging voltage is reduced a setting.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95198009A CN1116615C (en) | 1995-11-29 | 1995-11-29 | Device and method for estimating remaining life of battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95198009A CN1116615C (en) | 1995-11-29 | 1995-11-29 | Device and method for estimating remaining life of battery |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1205083A CN1205083A (en) | 1999-01-13 |
| CN1116615C true CN1116615C (en) | 2003-07-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95198009A Expired - Fee Related CN1116615C (en) | 1995-11-29 | 1995-11-29 | Device and method for estimating remaining life of battery |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1770586B (en) * | 2004-11-04 | 2010-05-05 | 松下电动车辆能源股份有限公司 | Power supply controller, electric vehicle and battery control unit |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4952971B2 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2012-06-13 | 日立工機株式会社 | Battery life discriminator |
| US7647205B2 (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2010-01-12 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Method and apparatus for management of an electric energy storage device to achieve a target life objective |
| CN102221678A (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2011-10-19 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | On-line life calculation method for battery system |
| US9906069B2 (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2018-02-27 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Vehicle battery status detection by tracking a temperature gradient |
| CN104678310B (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2017-10-20 | 江汉大学 | A kind of method and apparatus for detecting battery malfunction |
| JP2018002435A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2018-01-11 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Elevator device |
| CN106291174B (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2021-01-15 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Service life obtaining method and device, electronic equipment and server |
| CN106959422B (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2019-05-31 | 江苏大学 | A kind of detection method of battery life time early warning device |
| CN109613446B (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2020-12-08 | 中国计量大学 | Lithium battery aging detection method based on time series analysis |
| CN113125984B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2023-05-05 | 深圳拓邦股份有限公司 | Method and device for calculating service life of floor washing machine battery and floor washing machine |
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1995
- 1995-11-29 CN CN95198009A patent/CN1116615C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1770586B (en) * | 2004-11-04 | 2010-05-05 | 松下电动车辆能源股份有限公司 | Power supply controller, electric vehicle and battery control unit |
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| CN1205083A (en) | 1999-01-13 |
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