CN111660618B - 一种淤泥复合水泥基多层板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种淤泥复合水泥基多层板材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111660618B
CN111660618B CN202010542954.0A CN202010542954A CN111660618B CN 111660618 B CN111660618 B CN 111660618B CN 202010542954 A CN202010542954 A CN 202010542954A CN 111660618 B CN111660618 B CN 111660618B
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席宗隆
李庆峰
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Jiangsu Daotong New Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种淤泥复合水泥基多层板材及其制备方法，一种淤泥复合水泥基多层板材，包括从上到下依次相接的上水泥层、淤泥混合水泥芯层和下水泥层；上水泥层和下水泥层中均复合有无纺布层；淤泥混合水泥芯层为微孔结构，淤泥混合水泥芯层中复合有耐碱网格布层。本发明淤泥复合水泥基多层板材，解决了淤泥的处理问题，变废为宝，得到了轻质、隔音、隔热，且强度高、耐候性好、表面具备装饰效果的淤泥复合水泥基多层板材，可作为饰面板材等，用于装配式建筑等；可在清淤现场就地生产，配置灵活适应清淤工程需要；制备方法简单易操作。

Description

一种淤泥复合水泥基多层板材及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种淤泥复合水泥基多层板材及其制备方法，属于利用淤泥制备多层水泥板材的领域。
背景技术
河道清淤工程目前非常普遍，清淤出的污泥处置情况一直不是很理想，主要以焚烧为主，但焚烧需要相应电厂/水泥厂，运输过程中对环境形成污染，运输成本高且有污染风险，如果能将清淤污泥就近生产成产品，将能极大提高河道清淤效率，节约成本。
目前国家在建筑建材方面大力推广装配式建筑，在装配式建筑中隔墙隔板，尤其是可在外墙使用的带装饰效果的水泥板材需求非常迫切，市场前景巨大。目前装配式建筑的重钢或轻钢结构框架的设计、生产、组装已经非常成熟，但光有架子却很少有与其配套的饰面板材，这类板材首先要求耐候性强，可在外墙使用，其次对保温、隔音、轻质也有一定要求。尤其是厂房建筑，目前普遍使用的彩钢瓦包泡沫的厂房，由于金属本身耐候性能较差，泡沫易燃且污染环境，此类彩钢板已被标为需要淘汰和取缔的产品。
发明内容
本发明提供一种淤泥复合水泥基多层板材及其制备方法，解决了淤泥的处理问题，变废为宝，得到了轻质、隔音、隔热，且强度高、耐候性好的多层板材，多层板材表面具备装饰效果，可作为饰面板材等，用于装配式建筑等，本发明的板材可使用设备在清淤现场就地生产，配置灵活适应清淤工程需要。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
一种淤泥复合水泥基多层板材，包括从上到下依次相接的上水泥层、淤泥混合水泥芯层和下水泥层；上水泥层和下水泥层中均复合有无纺布层；淤泥混合水泥芯层为微孔结构，淤泥混合水泥芯层中复合有耐碱网格布层。
上下水泥层为带无纺布的高强水泥层，具有装饰效果；淤泥混合水泥芯层为微孔结构，提高了板材的隔热、隔音性能，降低了板材密度、减轻了板材质量，提高了安装的方便性；且使得建筑整体减重，具有非常大的社会意义。
上述多层板材耐候性强，抗压强度高，抗折强度高。
为了提高装置效果，同时确保结构强度，上水泥层和下水泥层中的无纺布层的上下表面均复合有水泥层。
为了便于制备，同时确保板材的结构强度，无纺布层的克重为18～25g，耐碱网格布层的目数为8-10目。
为了进一步提高板材的结构强度，耐碱网格布层有两层、分别为上层耐碱网格布层和下层耐碱网格布层，上层耐碱网格布层距离淤泥混合水泥芯层上表面的距离为2～4mm，下层耐碱网格布层距离淤泥混合水泥芯层下表面的距离为2～4mm。
为了兼顾板材的轻质和结构强度，淤泥混合水泥芯层的厚度为15～25mm，上水泥层和下水泥层的厚度均为3～8mm。
淤泥混合水泥芯层的原料组分的配比，与淤泥含水率有关，通常淤泥含水率在75-95％之间，该含水率情况下，淤泥混合水泥芯层除耐碱网格布外的原料组分包括：河道淤泥250-300份、水泥100-150份、辅料5-7.5份和水50-100份，所述份数为质量份数；其中，辅料包括：工业级碳酸锂1-2份，硅酸钠溶液35-45份，木质纤维素10-15份和硅粉50份，所述份数为质量份数。
申请人经研究发现，上述辅料中，碳酸锂在微波场能下会放热，同时在水泥中有初凝作用，这种作用在微波条件下会被放大；硅酸钠溶液在微波条件下会膨胀硬化，结合物料中的水蒸发分形成发泡结构，硬化增加发泡结构的强度使物料保持发泡状态；木质纤维素可提高物料流动性和均匀性，同时对结构有补强作用；硅粉可优化水泥水化反应，作为骨料也提高物料整体强度。
优选，硅粉的目数均为1500-2000目。
为了便于制备，同时确保板材的结构强度，上水泥层和下水泥层除无纺布外的原料组分均包括：水泥250-260份和水75-78份。
淤泥混合水泥芯层、水泥层和下水泥层所用水泥均为小野田525普通硅酸盐水泥或阿尔博525白水泥。当用于带无纺布的水泥层时，小野田水泥用于清水水泥装饰效果，阿尔博白水泥基色为白色，可根据客户要求调制多种装饰颜色如米黄，黄白，蓝白，清白等。
一种制备上述淤泥复合水泥基多层板材的方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将质量比为(250～300)：(100～150)：(5～7.5)：(50～100)的河道淤泥、水泥、辅料和水的混合物在微波功率为30kw的条件下微波照射处理8～10min，然后在速度为40～50转/分钟的条件下搅拌5～8分钟，得淤泥混合料；其中，辅料包括：工业级碳酸锂1～2份，硅酸钠溶液35～45份，木质纤维素10～15份和硅粉50份；
2)将质量比为(3～4)：1的水泥和水，在速度均为150～600转/分钟的条件下搅拌3～5分钟，得水泥拌合料；
3)依次在底模板上铺水泥拌合料、无纺布层、水泥拌合料、淤泥混合料、耐碱网格布层、淤泥混合料、水泥拌合料、无纺布层和水泥拌合料，铺料完成的板材与底模板一同在温度为40-45℃、湿度为60-80％的条件下，养护10-12小时后脱模、切割，即得淤泥复合水泥基多层板材。
上述步骤1)中，由于淤泥混合料经过微波辐照，其中辅料吸波放热，促使混合料初凝、蒸发水分，增加了强度，且形成微孔结构，因此，芯料层为微孔结构，提高了板材的隔热、隔音性能，降低了板材密度、减轻了板材质量。
当耐碱网格布层有两层时，步骤3)为，依次在底模板上铺水泥拌合料、无纺布层、水泥拌合料、淤泥混合料、耐碱网格布层、淤泥混合料、耐碱网格布层、淤泥混合料、水泥拌合料、无纺布层和水泥拌合料，铺料完成的板材与底模板一同在温度为40-45℃、湿度为60-80％的条件下，养护10-12小时后脱模、切割，即得淤泥复合水泥基多层板材。
本发明未提及的技术均参照现有技术。
本发明淤泥复合水泥基多层板材，解决了淤泥的处理问题，变废为宝，得到了轻质、隔音、隔热，且强度高、耐候性好、表面具备装饰效果的淤泥复合水泥基多层板材，可作为饰面板材等，用于装配式建筑等；可在清淤现场就地生产，配置灵活适应清淤工程需要；制备方法简单易操作。
附图说明
图1为本发明淤泥复合水泥基多层板材立体图；
图2为图1的的截面示意图(放大)；
图中，1为淤泥复合水泥基多层板材，11为上水泥层，12为淤泥混合水泥芯层，13为下水泥层，14为无纺布层，15为耐碱网格布层。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明，下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容，但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
本申请“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例1
如图1-2所示，一种淤泥复合水泥基多层板材，长1200mm，宽600mm，厚30mm，表面为素水泥装饰效果，包括从上到下依次相接的上水泥层、淤泥混合水泥芯层和下水泥层；上水泥层和下水泥层中均复合有无纺布层，且无纺布层均位于上水泥层和下水泥层厚度的中间位置；淤泥混合水泥芯层为微孔结构，淤泥混合水泥芯层中复合有两层耐碱网格布层、分别为上层耐碱网格布层和下层耐碱网格布层，上层耐碱网格布层距离淤泥混合水泥芯层上表面的距离为3mm，下层耐碱网格布层距离淤泥混合水泥芯层下表面的距离为3mm，淤泥混合水泥芯层的厚度为20mm，上水泥层和下水泥层的厚度均为5mm。
实施例2
采用如下配方制备实施例1的淤泥复合水泥基多层板材：
淤泥混合水泥芯层除耐碱网格布外的原料组分包括：河道淤泥(含水率为80～83％)280份、水泥(小野田525普通硅酸盐水泥)130份、辅料6份和水75份；其中，辅料包括：工业级碳酸锂(南京斯泰宝贸易有限公司)1.5份，硅酸钠溶液(40％，模数3.3，苏州隆聚化工科技有限公司)40份，木质纤维素(德国GRS)12份和硅粉(二氧化硅含量97％以上，目数1800目，连云港浩特石英有限公司)50份；上水泥层和下水泥层除无纺布外的原料组分均包括：水泥(阿尔博525白水泥)250份和水75份，所述份数为质量份数。所用无纺布规格：20g，无胶，耐碱，山东恒瑞通新材料工程有限公司；所用耐碱网格布规格：8-10目，耐碱，任丘市英华玻纤布厂。
具体制备方法如下：
1)将河道淤泥、水泥、辅料和水的混合物在微波功率为30kw的条件下微波照射处理9min，然后在速度为45转/分钟的条件下搅拌6分钟，得淤泥混合料；
2)将制备水泥层的水泥和水，在速度均为350转/分钟的条件下搅拌4分钟，得水泥拌合料；
3)依次在底模板上铺水泥拌合料、无纺布层、水泥拌合料、淤泥混合料、耐碱网格布层、淤泥混合料、耐碱网格布层、淤泥混合料、水泥拌合料、无纺布层和水泥拌合料，铺料完成的板材与底模板一同在温度为40-45℃、湿度为70％的条件下，养护12小时后脱模、切割，即得淤泥复合水泥基多层板材。
实施例3
与实施例2基本相同，所不同的是：淤泥混合水泥芯层除耐碱网格布外的原料组分包括：河道淤泥300份、水泥150份、辅料7.5份和水100份；其中，辅料包括：工业级碳酸锂2份，硅酸钠溶液45份，木质纤维素15份和硅粉50份；上水泥层和下水泥层除无纺布外的原料组分均包括：水泥(阿尔博525白水泥)260份和水78份，所述份数为质量份数。
表1为实施例2-3所得淤泥复合水泥基多层板材性能表
项目 测试结果
板材平均密度 800-900kg/m<sup>3</sup>
燃烧性能 A1级
变形率 ＜1％(浸水检测)
导热系数 0.1W/cm.k
抗折强度 15-16N/平方毫米
抗压强度 14-15MPa
隔音性 80-86dB
耐候性 可用于室外

Claims (7)

1.一种淤泥复合水泥基多层板材，其特征在于：包括从上到下依次相接的上水泥层、淤泥混合水泥芯层和下水泥层；上水泥层和下水泥层中均复合有无纺布层；淤泥混合水泥芯层为微孔结构，淤泥混合水泥芯层中复合有耐碱网格布层；
淤泥混合水泥芯层除耐碱网格布外的原料组分包括：河道淤泥250-300份、水泥100-150份、辅料5-7.5份和水50-100份，所述份数为质量份数；其中，辅料包括：工业级碳酸锂1-2份，硅酸钠溶液35-45份，木质纤维素10-15份和硅粉50份，所述份数为质量份数；
上水泥层和下水泥层除无纺布外的原料组分均包括：水泥250-260份和水75-78份；
淤泥复合水泥基多层板材的方法，包括如下步骤：
1）将质量比为（250~300）：（100~150）：（5~7.5）：（50~100）的河道淤泥、水泥、辅料和水的混合物在微波功率为30kw的条件下微波照射处理8~10min，然后在速度为40~50转/分钟的条件下搅拌5~8分钟，得淤泥混合料；其中，辅料包括：工业级碳酸锂1~2份，硅酸钠溶液35~45份，木质纤维素10~15份和硅粉50份；
2）将质量比为（250-260）：（75-78）的水泥和水，在速度均为150~600转/分钟的条件下搅拌3~5分钟，得水泥拌合料；
3）依次在底模板上铺水泥拌合料、无纺布层、水泥拌合料、淤泥混合料、耐碱网格布层、淤泥混合料、水泥拌合料、无纺布层和水泥拌合料，铺料完成的板材与底模板一同在温度为40-45℃ 、湿度为60-80%的条件下，养护10-12小时后脱模、切割，即得淤泥复合水泥基多层板材。
2.如权利要求1所述的淤泥复合水泥基多层板材，其特征在于：上水泥层和下水泥层中的无纺布层的上下表面均复合有水泥层；无纺布层的克重为18~25g，耐碱网格布层的目数为8-10目。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的淤泥复合水泥基多层板材，其特征在于：耐碱网格布层有两层、分别为上层耐碱网格布层和下层耐碱网格布层，上层耐碱网格布层距离淤泥混合水泥芯层上表面的距离为2~4mm，下层耐碱网格布层距离淤泥混合水泥芯层下表面的距离为2~4mm。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的淤泥复合水泥基多层板材，其特征在于：淤泥混合水泥芯层的厚度为15~25mm，上水泥层和下水泥层的厚度均为3~8mm。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的淤泥复合水泥基多层板材，其特征在于：硅粉的目数均为1500-2000目。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的淤泥复合水泥基多层板材，其特征在于：淤泥混合水泥芯层、水泥层和下水泥层所用水泥均为小野田525普通硅酸盐水泥或阿尔博525白水泥。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的淤泥复合水泥基多层板材，其特征在于：步骤3）为，依次在底模板上铺水泥拌合料、无纺布层、水泥拌合料、淤泥混合料、耐碱网格布层、淤泥混合料、耐碱网格布层、淤泥混合料、水泥拌合料、无纺布层和水泥拌合料，铺料完成的板材与底模板一同在温度为40-45℃ 、湿度为60-80%的条件下，养护10-12小时后脱模、切割，即得淤泥复合水泥基多层板材。
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