CN111653827B - Electrolyte of lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Electrolyte of lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery Download PDF

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CN111653827B
CN111653827B CN202010468984.1A CN202010468984A CN111653827B CN 111653827 B CN111653827 B CN 111653827B CN 202010468984 A CN202010468984 A CN 202010468984A CN 111653827 B CN111653827 B CN 111653827B
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lithium
electrolyte
mass
lithium ion
ion battery
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CN111653827A (en
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李轶
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Vision Power Technology Hubei Co ltd
Envision Power Technology Jiangsu Co Ltd
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Envision Power Technology Jiangsu Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025Organic electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrolyte of a lithium ion battery and the lithium ion battery, wherein the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery comprises a water-insoluble organic solvent, a lithium salt and an additive, and the additive comprises lithium difluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide, propane sultone, fluoroethylene carbonate, lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide and ethylene sulfate. The electrolyte of the lithium ion battery is a ternary system consisting of a water-insoluble organic solvent, a lithium salt and an additive, and all components in the additive are mutually synergistic and have no need.

Description

Electrolyte of lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to an electrolyte of a lithium ion battery and the lithium ion battery.
Background
In recent years, power storage devices, particularly lithium secondary batteries, have been widely used as power sources for small electronic devices such as mobile phones and notebook personal computers, and power sources for electric vehicles and power storage. The lithium ion battery technology is a research hotspot of the future battery technology.
However, in the conventional lithium ion electrolyte system, a large amount of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is generally used as an additive, but it is found that the high nickel battery system made of FEC base is easy to generate gas, and further causes the expansion of the battery cell, and the cycle capacity maintenance rate of the battery is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a lithium ion electrolyte capable of significantly suppressing gas generation of a lithium ion battery system, in order to solve the problem that a lithium ion battery prepared based on a conventional lithium ion electrolyte system is prone to gas generation, and the swelling capacity of the lithium ion battery containing the lithium ion electrolyte is significantly reduced, while the cycle capacity retention rate is significantly improved.
An electrolyte of a lithium ion battery comprises a water-insoluble organic solvent, a lithium salt and an additive, wherein the additive comprises lithium difluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide, propane sultone, fluoroethylene carbonate, lithium bistrifluoromethylenesulfonylimide and ethylene sulfate.
The electrolyte of the lithium ion battery is a ternary system consisting of a water-insoluble organic solvent, a lithium salt and an additive, and all components in the additive are mutually synergistic and have no need.
Specifically, the propane sultone can deactivate active sites on the surface of a positive electrode material of the lithium ion battery and reduce the oxidative decomposition reaction of the electrolyte, and lithium difluorophosphate, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and lithium tetrafluoroborate can form an inorganic electrolyte on the surface of a negative electrode of the lithium ion battery, so that the dissolution and migration of transition elements of the positive electrode to the negative electrode are reduced, and the gas generation caused by the damage of an SEI film is avoided. The fluoroethylene carbonate has a ring-opening structure, so that the film forming is thin, side reactions are less, and gas generation is less. And the lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide can replace part of lithium salt, so that the concentration of PF5 is reduced, and the reaction speed of acetylene generation is further reduced. In addition, the additive is added with vinyl sulfate, and an electrolyte system formed by the vinyl sulfate and other additives can obviously inhibit gas generation of the lithium ion battery. The test proves that the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery has obvious inhibition effect on the gas production, the average expansion amount of 70 days is about 6 percent under the same test condition compared with a comparative test, the average circulating capacity maintenance rate of 500 circles is more than 96 percent under high temperature, and the circulating performance is good.
In one embodiment, the lithium difluorophosphate accounts for 0.1-2.5% by mass of the electrolyte, the lithium tetrafluoroborate accounts for 0.1-2.5% by mass of the electrolyte, the lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide accounts for 0.1-2.5% by mass of the electrolyte, the propane sultone accounts for 0.1-2.5% by mass of the electrolyte, the fluoroethylene carbonate accounts for 0.5-3% by mass of the electrolyte, the lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide accounts for 0.5-3% by mass of the electrolyte, and the vinyl sulfate accounts for 0.1-1.5% by mass of the electrolyte. The components in the additive are reasonable in proportion in the electrolyte, and have a synergistic effect.
In one embodiment, the lithium difluorophosphate accounts for 0.5-1.0% of the electrolyte by mass, the lithium tetrafluoroborate accounts for 0.1-0.5% of the electrolyte by mass, the lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide accounts for 0.1-0.5% of the electrolyte by mass, the propane sultone accounts for 0.5-1.5% of the electrolyte by mass, the fluoroethylene carbonate accounts for 0.5-3% of the electrolyte by mass, the lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide accounts for 1-3% of the electrolyte by mass, and the vinyl sulfate accounts for 0.1-1% of the electrolyte by mass. The components in the additive are reasonable in proportion in the electrolyte, and have a synergistic effect.
In one embodiment, the additive further comprises lithium difluoro-oxalato-borate accounting for 0.1-0.5% of the electrolyte by mass. The addition of lithium difluorooxalato borate has the advantage of facilitating SEI film formation.
In one embodiment, the lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, and the lithium salt accounts for 10% -20% of the electrolyte by mass.
In one embodiment, the water-insoluble organic solvent accounts for 62.5-88.5% of the electrolyte by mass.
In one embodiment, the water-insoluble organic solvent is selected from at least one of ethylene carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, polycarbonate, and dimethyl carbonate.
In one embodiment, the water-insoluble organic solvent is a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, and the mixed solvent is favorable for ion migration in the electrolyte. The mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the ethyl methyl carbonate to the diethyl carbonate is (1-5) to (2-7) to (1-6). Further, the mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate, the ethyl methyl carbonate and the diethyl carbonate is (2-4): (4-7): (1-3).
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery which comprises a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, a diaphragm and the lithium ion battery electrolyte.
In one embodiment, the positive electrode piece comprises a positive active material, a conductive agent and a binder, wherein the positive active material comprises LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2Wherein x is more than 0 and less than 1, and y is more than 0 and less than 1.
In one embodiment, the lithium ion battery is a pouch type lithium ion battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the change in swelling capacity of lithium ion batteries according to examples of the present invention and comparative examples;
fig. 2 is a graph comparing the change in the cycle capacity maintenance rates of the lithium ion batteries of the example of the present invention and the comparative example.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
Preparing a lithium ion electrolyte:
uniformly mixing ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate according to the mass ratio of 3:5:2 to obtain a water-insoluble organic solvent, then adding lithium hexafluorophosphate accounting for 14% of the mass of the electrolyte into the water-insoluble organic solvent, then sequentially adding lithium difluorophosphate accounting for 0.8% of the mass of the electrolyte, lithium difluorosulfonimide accounting for 2% of the mass of the electrolyte, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the electrolyte, lithium tetrafluoroborate accounting for 0.1% of the mass of the electrolyte, fluoroethylene carbonate accounting for 2% of the mass of the electrolyte, propane sultone accounting for 1% of the mass of the electrolyte, ethylene sulfate accounting for 0.2% of the mass of the electrolyte and lithium difluorooxalatoborate accounting for 0.1% of the mass of the electrolyte.
Preparing a lithium battery:
NCM 97wt% of the positive electrode active material, carbon black 2wt% of the conductive agent, and PVDF 1wt% of the binder were added to the N-methylpyrrolidone solvent to obtain positive electrode mixture slurry. The positive electrode mixture slurry was coated to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 μm and dried, followed by roll die cutting thereof to manufacture a positive electrode.
An anode mixture slurry was prepared by dissolving 98wt% artificial graphite as an anode active material, 1wt% SBR as a binder, and 1wt% sodium carboxymethylcellulose as a thickener in water. And coating the negative electrode mixture slurry on copper foil with the thickness of 8 mu m, drying, and rolling and die-cutting the copper foil to manufacture the negative electrode.
The thus-manufactured positive and negative electrodes were manufactured into a laminate pouch battery together with a separator formed of three layers of PP/PE/PP, and then a lithium ion electrolyte was injected, thereby completing the manufacture of a lithium secondary battery.
Example 2
Preparing a lithium ion electrolyte:
uniformly mixing ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate according to the mass ratio of 3:5:2 to obtain a water-insoluble organic solvent, then adding lithium hexafluorophosphate accounting for 14% of the mass of the electrolyte into the water-insoluble organic solvent, then sequentially adding lithium difluorophosphate accounting for 1.0% of the mass of the electrolyte, lithium difluorosulfonimide accounting for 2% of the mass of the electrolyte, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide accounting for 0.4% of the mass of the electrolyte, lithium tetrafluoroborate accounting for 0.1% of the mass of the electrolyte, fluoroethylene carbonate accounting for 2% of the mass of the electrolyte, propane sultone accounting for 1% of the mass of the electrolyte, ethylene sulfate accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the electrolyte and lithium difluorooxalatoborate accounting for 0.1% of the mass of the electrolyte.
Preparing a lithium battery:
NCM 97wt% of the positive electrode active material, carbon black 2wt% of the conductive agent, and PVDF 1wt% of the binder were added to the N-methylpyrrolidone solvent to obtain positive electrode mixture slurry. The positive electrode mixture slurry was coated to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 μm and dried, followed by roll die cutting thereof to manufacture a positive electrode.
An anode mixture slurry was prepared by dissolving 98wt% artificial graphite as an anode active material, 1wt% SBR as a binder, and 1wt% sodium carboxymethylcellulose as a thickener in water. And coating the negative electrode mixture slurry on copper foil with the thickness of 8 mu m, drying, and rolling and die-cutting the copper foil to manufacture the negative electrode.
The thus-manufactured positive and negative electrodes were manufactured into a laminate pouch battery together with a separator formed of three layers of PP/PE/PP, and then a lithium ion electrolyte was injected, thereby completing the manufacture of a lithium secondary battery.
Example 3
Preparing a lithium ion electrolyte:
uniformly mixing ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate according to the mass ratio of 1:2:2 to obtain a water-insoluble organic solvent, then adding lithium hexafluorophosphate accounting for 14% of the mass of the electrolyte into the water-insoluble organic solvent, then sequentially adding lithium difluorophosphate accounting for 0.1% of the mass of the electrolyte, lithium difluorosulfonimide accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the electrolyte, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide accounting for 0.1% of the mass of the electrolyte, lithium tetrafluoroborate accounting for 0.1% of the mass of the electrolyte, fluoroethylene carbonate accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the electrolyte, propane sultone accounting for 0.1% of the mass of the electrolyte, vinyl sulfate accounting for 0.1% of the mass of the electrolyte and lithium difluorooxalato borate accounting for 0.1% of the mass of the electrolyte.
Preparing a lithium battery:
NCM 97wt% of the positive electrode active material, carbon black 2wt% of the conductive agent, and PVDF 1wt% of the binder were added to the N-methylpyrrolidone solvent to obtain positive electrode mixture slurry. The positive electrode mixture slurry was coated to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 μm and dried, followed by roll die cutting thereof to manufacture a positive electrode.
An anode mixture slurry was prepared by dissolving 98wt% artificial graphite as an anode active material, 1wt% SBR as a binder, and 1wt% sodium carboxymethylcellulose as a thickener in water. And coating the negative electrode mixture slurry on copper foil with the thickness of 8 mu m, drying, and rolling and die-cutting the copper foil to manufacture the negative electrode.
The thus-manufactured positive and negative electrodes were manufactured into a laminate pouch battery together with a separator formed of three layers of PP/PE/PP, and then a lithium ion electrolyte was injected, thereby completing the manufacture of a lithium secondary battery.
Example 4
Preparing a lithium ion electrolyte:
uniformly mixing ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate according to a mass ratio of 5:6:5 to obtain a water-insoluble organic solvent, then adding lithium hexafluorophosphate accounting for 14% of the mass of the electrolyte into the water-insoluble organic solvent, then sequentially adding lithium difluorophosphate accounting for 2.5% of the mass of the electrolyte, lithium difluorosulfonimide accounting for 3% of the mass of the electrolyte, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide accounting for 2.5% of the mass of the electrolyte, lithium tetrafluoroborate accounting for 2.5% of the mass of the electrolyte, fluoroethylene carbonate accounting for 3% of the mass of the electrolyte, propane sultone accounting for 2.5% of the mass of the electrolyte, ethylene sulfate accounting for 1.5% of the mass of the electrolyte and lithium difluorooxalatoborate accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the electrolyte.
Preparing a lithium battery:
NCM 97wt% of the positive electrode active material, carbon black 2wt% of the conductive agent, and PVDF 1wt% of the binder were added to the N-methylpyrrolidone solvent to obtain positive electrode mixture slurry. The positive electrode mixture slurry was coated to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 μm and dried, followed by roll die cutting thereof to manufacture a positive electrode.
An anode mixture slurry was prepared by dissolving 98wt% artificial graphite as an anode active material, 1wt% SBR as a binder, and 1wt% sodium carboxymethylcellulose as a thickener in water. And coating the negative electrode mixture slurry on copper foil with the thickness of 8 mu m, drying, and rolling and die-cutting the copper foil to manufacture the negative electrode.
The thus-manufactured positive and negative electrodes were manufactured into a laminate pouch battery together with a separator formed of three layers of PP/PE/PP, and then a lithium ion electrolyte was injected, thereby completing the manufacture of a lithium secondary battery.
Comparative example 1
Preparing a lithium ion electrolyte:
the lithium ion electrolyte was prepared in substantially the same manner as in example 1, except that lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide was not added.
Preparing a lithium battery:
the lithium battery was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
Preparing a lithium ion electrolyte:
the lithium ion electrolyte was prepared in substantially the same manner as in example 1, except that lithium difluorophosphate was not added.
Preparing a lithium battery:
the lithium battery was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
Preparing a lithium ion electrolyte:
the lithium ion electrolyte was prepared in substantially the same manner as in example 1, except that no propane sultone was added.
Preparing a lithium battery:
the lithium battery was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
Preparing a lithium ion electrolyte:
the preparation process of the lithium ion electrolyte is substantially the same as that of example 1, except that the addition amount of lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide accounts for 0.4% by mass of the electrolyte, the addition amount of vinyl sulfate accounts for 1.5% by mass of the electrolyte, and the addition amount of fluoroethylene carbonate accounts for 3.5% by mass of the electrolyte.
Preparing a lithium battery:
the lithium battery was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 5
Preparing a lithium ion electrolyte:
the lithium ion electrolyte was prepared in substantially the same manner as in example 1, except that vinyl sulfate was not added.
Preparing a lithium battery:
the lithium battery was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Effect verification
The gas product volume change after high-temperature storage is as follows:
the lithium batteries manufactured in each example and comparative example were charged to 4.25V and then stored at 60 ℃ for 70 days; and the volume was measured until day 3, day 5, day 15, day 30, day 45 and day 70 of storage (the test method was to calculate the buoyancy by throwing into water and then calculate the volume by archimedes' drainage method), and the change in volume after high-temperature storage of the battery for each day was calculated as a percentage (volume for the corresponding day/initial volume-1) × 100%) based on the time before storage. The results are shown in FIG. 1, and the above experiment was performed at 100% SOC.
Circulation capacity retention rate:
the lithium ion batteries of the examples and comparative examples were put into a high temperature of 45 ℃ and subjected to 500 cycles, and the cycle capacity maintenance rates of the lithium ion batteries of the examples and comparative examples were compared, and the results are shown in fig. 2.
As can be seen from the results shown in fig. 1, the volume expansion (gas production) of the lithium ion batteries in the examples 1 and 2 was significantly reduced after storage at high temperature, compared to the comparative example, and was maintained at a low level even after 30 days. Therefore, the high-temperature gas generation inhibiting effect of the embodiment group is excellent. Referring to fig. 2, the lithium ion batteries of examples 1 and 2 also have a significantly higher retention rate of cycle capacity at 45 ℃. This shows that even if the mass ratios of the other components are similar, if any one of the main additives in the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery of the present invention is absent, the gassing inhibition effect is not good, and the cycle capacity maintenance rate is significantly reduced.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

Claims (4)

1. The electrolyte of the lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising a water-insoluble organic solvent, a lithium salt and an additive, wherein the additive comprises lithium difluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide, propane sultone, fluoroethylene carbonate, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide and ethylene sulfate;
the lithium difluorophosphate accounts for 0.8-1.0% of the electrolyte by mass, the lithium tetrafluoroborate accounts for 0.1% of the electrolyte by mass, the lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide accounts for 0.4-0.5% of the electrolyte by mass, the propane sultone accounts for 1% of the electrolyte by mass, the fluoroethylene carbonate accounts for 2% of the electrolyte by mass, the lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide accounts for 2% of the electrolyte by mass, and the vinyl sulfate accounts for 0.2-0.5% of the electrolyte by mass;
the additive also comprises lithium difluoro oxalate borate accounting for 0.1 percent of the mass of the electrolyte;
the lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, and the lithium salt accounts for 14% of the mass percentage of the electrolyte;
the water-insoluble organic solvent is a mixed solvent composed of ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, and the mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the ethyl methyl carbonate to the diethyl carbonate is 3:5: 2.
2. A lithium ion battery, characterized by comprising a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a diaphragm and the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery of claim 1.
3. The lithium ion battery of claim 2, wherein the positive electrode sheet comprises a positive active material, a conductive agent, and a binder, and wherein the positive active material comprises LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2Wherein x is more than 0 and less than 1, and y is more than 0 and less than 1.
4. The lithium ion battery of claim 3, wherein the lithium ion battery is a pouch lithium ion battery.
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CN112467216A (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-03-09 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 Electrolyte and lithium ion battery
CN113422111A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-09-21 吉安谊盛电子材料有限公司 Electrolyte and lithium ion battery containing same
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