CN111211351A - Electrolyte functional additive for lithium ion battery, lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Electrolyte functional additive for lithium ion battery, lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention relates to an electrolyte functional additive for a lithium ion battery, a lithium ion battery electrolyte and the lithium ion battery, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries. An electrolyte functional additive for a lithium ion battery comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2-2 parts of vinylene carbonate, 0.5-2.5 parts of vinyl sulfate, 0.2-1 part of lithium difluorophosphate, 0.2-1 part of a film-forming agent and 0.5-2.5 parts of fluoroethylene carbonate; the film forming agent is at least one of tris (trimethylsilane) borate and tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate. When the functional additive for the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery is used for the lithium ion battery with the high-capacity ternary cathode material, an excellent SEI film can be formed on the surfaces of the anode and the cathode, the direct contact of the electrolyte and the surface of the anode can be effectively prevented, the dissolution of metal ions is reduced, and the cycle performance of the battery is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrolyte functional additive for a lithium ion battery, a lithium ion battery electrolyte and the lithium ion battery, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries.
Background
Energy is the basis of the existence and development of human society, and the modern society based on mineral energy is increasingly frequently confronted with the crisis of energy shortage and environmental pollution. In order to reduce the pollution emission of urban automobiles and realize the development strategy of new energy automobiles, the development of electric automobiles is the most important thing at present. Since commercialization of lithium ion batteries in the 90's of the 20 th century, lithium ion batteries have received much attention due to their excellent performance in various respects. However, with the gradual development of electric vehicles, higher requirements are also put on the energy density of lithium ion batteries.
The ternary positive electrode material used by the lithium battery in the current market is mainly NCM111, the energy density of the battery of the system is relatively low, the requirement of the power market on the energy density of the battery is continuously improved, and the battery positive electrode material is gradually changed to high-nickel ternary materials such as NCM532, NCM622 and even NCM 811. Along with the increase of the nickel content of the ternary material, the material structure is more and more unstable, and metal ions are easily separated out and deposited on a negative electrode in the circulation process, so that an SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) film of the negative electrode is damaged, and the circulation life of a battery is influenced; meanwhile, metal ions on the surface of the material can easily play a certain catalytic role on the electrolyte, so that the electrolyte is oxidized and decomposed on the surface of the anode, the electrolyte is consumed, and the cycle life of the battery is influenced.
In the prior art, chinese patent application with application publication No. CN106025359A discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion power battery, which is obtained by mixing 30g of ethylene carbonate, 40g of dimethyl carbonate and 30g of diethyl carbonate uniformly, adding lithium hexafluorophosphate in two batches to form a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery with a common lithium salt molar concentration of 1mol/L, then adding 1g of lithium difluorophosphate, 1.7g of vinylene carbonate, 1,2,3,4,5, 6-hexamethylcyclotrisilazane, and mixing uniformly. According to the electrolyte, lithium difluorophosphate, vinylene carbonate and 1,2,3,4,5, 6-hexamethylcyclotrisilazane are added to improve the stability of the anode and the cathode of the battery, so that the dissolution of transition metal ions and the oxidative decomposition of a solvent are effectively inhibited, and the cycle performance and the storage performance of the electrolyte under a high-temperature condition are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electrolyte functional additive for a lithium ion battery, which can obviously improve the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery electrolyte capable of obviously improving the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery and the lithium ion battery with good cycle performance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the functional additive for the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery is as follows:
an electrolyte functional additive for a lithium ion battery comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2-2 parts of vinylene carbonate, 0.5-2.5 parts of vinyl sulfate, 0.2-1 part of lithium difluorophosphate, 0.2-1 part of a film-forming agent and 0.5-2.5 parts of fluoroethylene carbonate; the film forming agent is at least one of tris (trimethylsilane) borate and tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate.
The functional additive for the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery is prepared by compounding vinylene carbonate, vinyl sulfate, lithium difluorophosphate, a film-forming agent and fluoroethylene carbonate. The matching use of various additives ensures that a compact and stable SEI film is formed on the surface of the negative electrode, and improves the high-temperature storage performance and the high-temperature cycle performance of the battery. The film forming agent, the lithium difluorophosphate and the like can form a layer of protective film on the surface of the anode, so that the direct contact between the electrolyte and the anode material is effectively prevented, the catalytic oxidation of the electrolyte on the surface of the anode is avoided, and the cycle performance of the battery is improved; meanwhile, the dissolution of metal ions can be reduced, the damage of the metal ions to a negative electrode SEI film is avoided, and the cycle performance of the battery is improved. Particularly when the electrolyte is used for a lithium ion battery for a high-capacity ternary cathode material, an excellent SEI film can be formed on the surfaces of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, the direct contact of the electrolyte and the surface of the positive electrode can be effectively prevented, the dissolution of metal ions is reduced, and the cycle performance of the battery is obviously improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the lithium ion battery electrolyte is as follows:
the lithium ion battery electrolyte comprises an organic solvent, electrolyte lithium salt and a functional additive; the functional additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2-2 parts of vinylene carbonate, 0.5-2.5 parts of vinyl sulfate, 0.2-1 part of lithium difluorophosphate, 0.2-1 part of a film-forming agent and 0.5-2.5 parts of fluoroethylene carbonate; the ethylene carbonate is 0.2-2% of the total mass of the electrolyte; the film forming agent is at least one of tris (trimethylsilane) borate and tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate.
According to the lithium ion battery electrolyte, the functional additive is adopted, the alternating current impedance of the electrolyte is obviously reduced, the rate capability and the low-temperature performance are favorably improved, an SEI film generated on the surface of a negative electrode is compact and stable, and meanwhile, a protective film is formed on the surface of a positive electrode, so that the high-temperature performance and the cycle performance of the battery can be obviously improved.
The concentration of electrolyte lithium salt in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is 0.5-1.5 mol/L.
The electrolyte lithium salt consists of lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide; the molar ratio of the lithium hexafluorophosphate to the lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide is 6-10: 1.
The organic solvent is a carbonate compound.
Preferably, the organic solvent is at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate.
Further preferably, the organic solvent is a mixture of any three or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate.
Still more preferably, the organic solvent is composed of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate; the mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the propylene carbonate to the diethyl carbonate to the ethyl methyl carbonate is 2-3: 0.3-0.8: 1.5-3: 4-7.
The technical scheme adopted by the lithium ion battery is as follows:
a lithium ion battery adopting the lithium ion battery electrolyte is provided.
The lithium ion battery provided by the invention has good high and low temperature performances, and particularly has good cycle performance and rate capability.
The lithium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a diaphragm, a negative plate and the lithium ion batteryThe electrolyte of the sub-battery, the positive plate comprises a positive active substance which is a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material Li (Ni)xCoyMnz)O2Wherein, 0.5<x≤0.8，0.1<y≤0.5，0.1<z is less than or equal to 0.5 and x + y + z is 1; or Ni-Co-Al ternary material Li (Ni)xCoyAlz)O2Wherein, 0.5<x≤0.8，0.1<y≤0.5，0.1<z is less than or equal to 0.5 and x + y + z is 1.
The diaphragm is a ceramic diaphragm. The ceramic diaphragm comprises a polyolefin diaphragm substrate and a ceramic coating coated on the polyolefin diaphragm. The ceramic coating is an alumina coating. The polyolefin diaphragm substrate is made of PE. The thickness of the ceramic coating is 2-3 mu m.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
The electrolyte of the lithium ion battery in the specific embodiment is prepared by uniformly mixing the functional additive of the electrolyte for the lithium ion battery, an organic solvent and electrolyte lithium salt.
Example 1
The functional additive for the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery comprises the following components in parts by weight: vinylene carbonate 2 parts, vinyl sulfate 1.5 parts, lithium difluorophosphate 1 part, tris (trimethylsilane) borate 1 part and fluoroethylene carbonate 2 parts.
The lithium ion battery electrolyte of the embodiment consists of an organic solvent, electrolyte lithium salt and a functional additive; the organic solvent consists of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, and the mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the propylene carbonate to the diethyl carbonate to the ethyl methyl carbonate is 2.5:0.5:2: 5; the electrolyte lithium salt consists of lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, the molar ratio of the lithium hexafluorophosphate to the lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide is 6:1, and the total molar concentration of the electrolyte lithium salt in the electrolyte is 1.2 mol/L; the functional additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of vinylene carbonate, 1.5 parts of vinyl sulfate, 1 part of lithium difluorophosphate, 1 part of tris (trimethylsilane) borate and 2 parts of fluoroethylene carbonate; the mass percentage of the vinylene carbonate in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is 2%.
The lithium ion battery of the embodiment is a 5Ah lithium ion battery, and comprises a positive plate, a diaphragm, a negative plate and the lithium ion battery electrolyte of the embodiment; the positive plate comprises a current collector and an active material layer arranged on the current collector, wherein the active material in the active material layer is Li (Ni)0.52Co0.11Mn0.37)O2. The lithium ion battery of the embodiment is assembled according to the prior art and is obtained after activation.
Example 2
The functional additive for the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery comprises the following components in parts by weight: vinylene carbonate 1 part, vinyl sulfate 1 part, lithium difluorophosphate 0.5 part, tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate 0.5 part and fluoroethylene carbonate 2 parts.
The lithium ion battery electrolyte of the embodiment consists of an organic solvent, electrolyte lithium salt and a functional additive; the organic solvent consists of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, and the mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the propylene carbonate to the diethyl carbonate to the ethyl methyl carbonate is 2.5:0.5:2: 5; the electrolyte lithium salt consists of lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, the molar ratio of the lithium hexafluorophosphate to the lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide is 6:1, and the total molar concentration of the electrolyte lithium salt in the electrolyte is 0.8 mol/L; the functional additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of vinylene carbonate, 1 part of vinyl sulfate, 0.5 part of lithium difluorophosphate, 0.5 part of tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate and 2 parts of fluoroethylene carbonate; the mass percentage of the vinylene carbonate in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is 1%.
The lithium ion battery of the embodiment is a 5Ah lithium ion battery, and comprises a positive plate, a diaphragm, a negative plate and the lithium ion battery electrolyte of the embodiment; the positive plate comprises a current collector and an active material layer arranged on the current collector, wherein the active material in the active material layer is Li (Ni)0.78Co0.11Mn0.11)O2. The lithium ion battery of the present embodiment was assembled according to the prior art, and then activatedObtaining after chemical conversion; the adopted diaphragm is a ceramic diaphragm and comprises a polyolefin diaphragm substrate and a ceramic coating coated on the polyolefin diaphragm substrate; the polyolefin diaphragm substrate is made of PE material, the ceramic coating is made of alumina ceramic, and the thickness of the ceramic coating is 2-3 mu m.
Example 3
The functional additive for the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery comprises the following components in parts by weight: vinylene carbonate 2 parts, vinyl sulfate 1.5 parts, lithium difluorophosphate 0.5 part, tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate 0.5 part, and fluoroethylene carbonate 2.5 parts.
The lithium ion battery electrolyte of the embodiment consists of an organic solvent, electrolyte lithium salt and a functional additive; the organic solvent consists of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, and the mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the propylene carbonate to the diethyl carbonate to the ethyl methyl carbonate is 2.5:0.5:2: 5; the electrolyte lithium salt consists of lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, the molar ratio of the lithium hexafluorophosphate to the lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide is 8:1, and the total molar concentration of the electrolyte lithium salt in the electrolyte is 1.1 mol/L; the functional additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: vinylene carbonate 2 parts, vinyl sulfate 1.5 parts, lithium difluorophosphate 0.5 part, tris (trimethylsilane) borate 0.5 part and fluoroethylene carbonate 2.5 parts; the mass percentage of the vinylene carbonate in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is 2%.
The lithium ion battery of the embodiment is a 5Ah lithium ion battery, and comprises a positive plate, a diaphragm, a negative plate and the lithium ion battery electrolyte of the embodiment; the positive plate comprises a current collector and an active material layer arranged on the current collector, wherein the active material in the active material layer is Li (Ni)0.51Co0.38Mn0.11)O2. The lithium ion battery of the embodiment is assembled according to the prior art and is obtained after activation.
Example 4
The functional additive for the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery comprises the following components in parts by weight: vinylene carbonate 1 part, vinyl sulfate 1.5 parts, lithium difluorophosphate 1.0 part, tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate 0.5 part, and fluoroethylene carbonate 1 part.
The lithium ion battery electrolyte of the embodiment consists of an organic solvent, electrolyte lithium salt and a functional additive; the organic solvent consists of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, and the mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the propylene carbonate to the diethyl carbonate to the ethyl methyl carbonate is 2.5:0.5:2: 5; the electrolyte lithium salt consists of lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, the molar ratio of the lithium hexafluorophosphate to the lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide is 10:1, and the total molar concentration of the electrolyte lithium salt in the electrolyte is 1.1 mol/L; the functional additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of vinylene carbonate, 1.5 parts of vinyl sulfate, 1.0 part of lithium difluorophosphate, 0.5 part of tris (trimethylsilane) borate and 1 part of fluoroethylene carbonate; the mass percentage of the vinylene carbonate in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is 1%.
The lithium ion battery of the embodiment is a 5Ah lithium ion battery, and comprises a positive plate, a diaphragm, a negative plate and the lithium ion battery electrolyte of the embodiment; the positive plate comprises a current collector and an active material layer arranged on the current collector, wherein the active material in the active material layer is Li (Ni)0.51Co0.11Al0.38)O2. The lithium ion battery of the embodiment is assembled according to the prior art and is obtained after activation.
Example 5
The functional additive for the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery comprises the following components in parts by weight: vinylene carbonate 2 parts, vinyl sulfate 0.5 part, lithium difluorophosphate 1.0 part, tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate 0.5 part, and fluoroethylene carbonate 2 parts.
The lithium ion battery electrolyte of the embodiment consists of an organic solvent, electrolyte lithium salt and a functional additive; the organic solvent consists of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, and the mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the propylene carbonate to the diethyl carbonate to the ethyl methyl carbonate is 2.5:0.5:2: 5; the electrolyte lithium salt consists of lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, the molar ratio of the lithium hexafluorophosphate to the lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide is 6:1, and the total molar concentration of the electrolyte lithium salt in the electrolyte is 1.1 mol/L; the functional additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: vinylene carbonate 2 parts, vinyl sulfate 0.5 part, lithium difluorophosphate 1.0 part, tris (trimethylsilane) borate 0.5 part and fluoroethylene carbonate 2 parts; the mass percentage of the vinylene carbonate in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is 2%.
The lithium ion battery of the embodiment is a 5Ah lithium ion battery, and comprises a positive plate, a diaphragm, a negative plate and the lithium ion battery electrolyte of the embodiment; the positive plate comprises a current collector and an active material layer arranged on the current collector, wherein the active material in the active material layer is Li (Ni)0.78Co0.11Al0.11)O2. The lithium ion battery of the embodiment is assembled according to the prior art and is obtained after activation.
Example 6
The lithium ion battery electrolyte of example 6 differs from the lithium ion battery electrolyte of example 1 only in that the mass ratio of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate in the organic solvent used is 3:0.3:3: 4; the electrolyte lithium salt used was lithium hexafluorophosphate.
Comparative example 1
The lithium ion battery electrolyte of comparative example 1, consisting of an organic solvent, an electrolyte lithium salt and a functional additive; the organic solvent consists of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, and the mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the propylene carbonate to the diethyl carbonate to the ethyl methyl carbonate is 2.5:0.5:2: 5; the electrolyte lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, and the total molar concentration of the electrolyte lithium salt in the electrolyte is 1.1 mol/L; the functional additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: vinylene carbonate 2 parts, vinyl sulfate 1 part, tris (trimethylsilane) borate 0.5 part and fluoroethylene carbonate 2 parts; the mass percentage of the vinylene carbonate in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is 2%.
Comparative example 2
The lithium ion battery electrolyte of comparative example 2 was prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
uniformly mixing 30g of ethylene carbonate, 40g of dimethyl carbonate and 30g of diethyl carbonate, adding lithium hexafluorophosphate in two batches to form a non-aqueous electrolyte of a lithium ion battery with the common lithium salt molar concentration of 1mol/L, and then adding 1g of lithium difluorophosphate, 1.7g of vinylene carbonate and 0.1g of 1,2,3,4,5, 6-hexamethylcyclotrisilazane and uniformly mixing to obtain the lithium ion battery.
Examples of the experiments
The lithium ion batteries were prepared by using the lithium ion battery electrolytes of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 2, respectively, and the cycle performance of the obtained lithium ion batteries was tested. When the lithium ion battery is prepared, the artificial graphite is used as a negative active material to prepare a negative plate, and Li (Ni) is used0.7Co0.15Mn0.15)O2Manufacturing a positive plate for a positive active material, adopting a ceramic diaphragm, respectively adopting the lithium ion battery electrolytes of examples 1-6 and a comparative example, and manufacturing a 5Ah lithium ion battery by adopting a conventional lithium ion battery assembly method; the adopted ceramic diaphragm comprises a PE diaphragm substrate and an alumina coating coated on the diaphragm substrate, wherein the thickness of the alumina coating is 2 μm.
The cycle performance of the lithium ion battery prepared in the above way is tested, each battery is cycled for 1000 times respectively, and the battery capacity retention rate before and after cycling is calculated. The test conditions were as follows, and the normal temperature test: discharging at a rate of 1.0C, charging at a rate of 1.0C, wherein the voltage range is 2.75-4.25V, and the temperature is 25 +/-5 ℃; and (3) high-temperature testing: discharging at a rate of 1.0C, charging at a rate of 1.0C, wherein the voltage range is 2.75-4.25V, and the temperature is 45 +/-5 ℃; low temperature performance test (capacity retention): fully charged at 25 +/-5 ℃, discharged at 1.0 ℃ under the condition of minus 20 ℃, and the voltage range is 2.75-4.25V. The test results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 results of cycle performance test of lithium ion batteries obtained in examples 1 to 6
As can be seen from Table 1, the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery prepared by using the lithium ion battery electrolytes of examples 1-6 is obviously superior to that of comparative examples 1-2, and the low-temperature discharge performance is still good.
Claims (10)
1. An electrolyte functional additive for a lithium ion battery is characterized in that: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2-2 parts of vinylene carbonate, 0.5-2.5 parts of vinyl sulfate, 0.2-1 part of lithium difluorophosphate, 0.2-1 part of a film-forming agent and 0.5-2.5 parts of fluoroethylene carbonate; the film forming agent is at least one of tris (trimethylsilane) borate and tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate.
2. A lithium ion battery electrolyte is characterized in that: comprises an organic solvent, an electrolyte lithium salt and a functional additive; the functional additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2-2 parts of vinylene carbonate, 0.5-2.5 parts of vinyl sulfate, 0.2-1 part of lithium difluorophosphate, 0.2-1 part of a film-forming agent and 0.5-2.5 parts of fluoroethylene carbonate; the ethylene carbonate is 0.2-2% of the total mass of the electrolyte; the film forming agent is at least one of tris (trimethylsilane) borate and tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate.
3. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 2, wherein: the concentration of electrolyte lithium salt in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is 0.5-1.5 mol/L.
4. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 2, wherein: the electrolyte lithium salt consists of lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide; the molar ratio of the lithium hexafluorophosphate to the lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide is 6-10: 1.
5. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 2, wherein: the organic solvent is at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate.
6. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 2, wherein: the organic solvent is a mixture consisting of any three or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate.
7. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 5 or 6, wherein: the organic solvent is composed of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate; the mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the propylene carbonate to the diethyl carbonate to the ethyl methyl carbonate is 2-3: 0.3-0.8: 1.5-3: 4-7.
8. A lithium ion battery using the lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 2.
9. The lithium ion battery of claim 8, wherein: the lithium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a diaphragm, a negative plate and the lithium ion battery electrolyte as claimed in claim 2, wherein the positive plate comprises a positive active material which is a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material Li (Ni)xCoyMnz)O2Wherein, 0.5<x≤0.8，0.1<y≤0.5，0.1<z is less than or equal to 0.5 and x + y + z is 1; or Ni-Co-Al ternary material Li (Ni)xCoyAlz)O2Wherein, 0.5<x≤0.8，0.1<y≤0.5，0.1<z is less than or equal to 0.5 and x + y + z is 1.
10. The lithium ion battery of claim 9, wherein: the diaphragm is a ceramic diaphragm.
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| CN112186253A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-05 | 香河昆仑化学制品有限公司 | Lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
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