CN111652487A

CN111652487A - Ecological influence evaluation system for road construction project in natural conservation area

Info

Publication number: CN111652487A
Application number: CN202010455025.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张建亮; 徐网谷; 钱者东; 吕莹莹
Original assignee: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences MEE
Current assignee: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences MEE
Priority date: 2020-05-26
Filing date: 2020-05-26
Publication date: 2020-09-11
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-26
Also published as: CN111652487B

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of natural protection, in particular to a system for evaluating ecological influence of road construction projects in a natural protection area. The method comprises the steps of determining evaluation indexes, judging related to endangered species, determining influence levels of the influence evaluation indexes, determining membership functions of the influence evaluation indexes, calculating weight of the influence evaluation indexes, carrying out fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and judging ecological influence levels; the invention determines the membership degree of each element by using the 'semi-reduced trapezoidal distribution diagram', makes the influence of each index on the natural protection area more specific and definite, and carries out quick inspection by calculating the ecological influence index EI of the road construction project. The invention integrates the early warning index and the one-vote rejection index, can quickly evaluate the overall ecological influence of the road construction project, and can objectively and quantitatively reflect the ecological influence degree of the road construction project on the natural protection area.

Description

Ecological influence evaluation system for road construction project in natural conservation area

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of natural protection, in particular to a system for evaluating ecological influence of road construction projects in a natural protection area.

Background

Road construction brings great benefits to the human society and also has direct or indirect influence on many ecological processes. A large amount of theoretical researches are developed aiming at the road ecology internationally, and the method is widely applied to the evaluation of the influence of the road ecology, and has important reference and reference values for developing the research of the influence of the road ecology in China. However, the study of the ecological influence of road construction on the natural protection area usually focuses on a specific aspect, such as the aspects of road influence domain, animal death, evaluation of influence of plants and soil in the road domain, biodiversity and the like, and the study of the size of the overall ecological influence of the natural protection area to judge whether the influence can be accepted is rarely reported.

In 2011, 4 months, the former environmental protection department issued ecological impact of environmental impact evaluation technical guide (HJ/19-2011). The guiding rule standardizes and systematizes the analysis content of the ecological influence of the engineering, analyzes and predicts the ecological influence possibly generated by the engineering construction through engineering analysis and ecological status investigation and evaluation, but most of the ecological influence analysis is qualitative descriptive prediction. In the same year of 10 months, the original environmental protection department issues 'Special ecological influence report formulation guide related to national level natural protection area construction projects', the guide can be applied to evaluation of ecological influence of road construction projects on natural protection areas, but the guide does not specially aim at road construction projects in the natural protection areas, the guide does not fully consider the particularity of the road construction projects, and evaluation results often cannot truly reflect the actual ecological influence of the road projects. The patent with the patent number of CN110245833A and the publication date of 2019, 9 and 17 discloses a method and a system for evaluating ecological influences of development and construction projects in a natural protected area, a remote sensing image of the natural protected area is obtained, remote sensing identification is carried out on one construction project based on the remote sensing image, each evaluation index is calculated respectively aiming at two different periods, specific evaluation indexes of each evaluation index in the two different periods are obtained, and a specific index change value is calculated according to the two specific indexes; substituting the specific index change value into an ecological influence evaluation model to obtain an influence index, and judging the influence degree of the influence index; the invention also discloses a system for evaluating the ecological influence of the development and construction project of the natural conservation area, which comprises a remote sensing identification subsystem, a project extraction subsystem, an ecological system conservation area influence evaluation subsystem and a wild animal conservation area influence evaluation subsystem. However, the distribution condition of endangered species in a natural protection area is ignored, indirect influences (water and soil loss, foreign invasive species, change of the habitat of a protected object and the like) caused by road construction cannot be fully considered by the evaluation indexes, and deviation of the evaluation result is possibly caused.

Therefore, it is an urgent need to solve the problem for those skilled in the art to design an evaluation system capable of objectively and quantitatively reflecting the ecological influence of road construction projects in natural reserve.

Disclosure of Invention

1. Problems to be solved

Aiming at the defect that the evaluation result of a road construction project ecological influence evaluation system in a natural preservation area is inaccurate in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the road construction project ecological influence evaluation system in the natural preservation area, which comprises the steps of determining evaluation indexes, judging related to endangered species, determining influence levels of the influence evaluation indexes, determining membership functions of the influence evaluation indexes, calculating weight of the influence evaluation indexes, carrying out fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and judging ecological influence levels; the invention utilizes the 'semi-trapezoid distribution map' to determine the membership degree of each element, so that the influence of each index on the natural protection area is more specific and definite, and the ecological influence degree of the road construction project on the natural protection area can be objectively and quantitatively reflected.

2. Technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a natural reserve road construction project ecological impact assessment system, which comprises the following steps:

s100, determining an evaluation index; determining ecological influence evaluation indexes of road construction projects on natural protection areas; the ecological influence evaluation index comprises a road attribute influence evaluation index A₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄；

Road engineering influence evaluation index A₁Including road lengths involving nature-preserving zonesDegree A₁₁Area A of natural protection area invaded by road and accessory facilities₁₂And road grade A₁₃Wherein the road length A₁₁Area A of natural protection area invaded by road and accessory facilities₁₂Are all quantitative indexes, road grade A₁₃Is a qualitative index; susceptibility influence evaluation index A₂Functional area A including road construction project traversal₂₁And to distribution of endangered species A₂₂Wherein the road construction project passes through the functional area A₂₁And to distribution of endangered species A₂₂Are all qualitative indexes; direct influence evaluation index A₃Including the direct loss of a primary protected object₃₁Area of soil erosion₃₂And disruption of habitat influence intensity A₃₃Wherein the primary protected object directly loses A₃₁Area of soil erosion₃₂And disruption of habitat influence intensity A₃₃Are all quantitative indicators; indirect influence evaluation index A₄Including foreign invasive species status A₄₁And indirect loss of protected objects A₄₂Wherein the foreign invasive species status A₄₁For qualitative index, indirect loss of protected object A₄₂Is a quantitative index; when the quantitative indexes are determined, determining the numerical values of the quantitative indexes respectively;

wherein, the road grade A₁₃Determining according to the traffic volume, the road use task and the property, wherein the higher the road grade is, the greater the influence degree is; concerning distribution of endangered species A₂₂According to the endangered species diversity field investigation and determination, the distribution is from scattered to concentrated, and the influence degree is stronger; foreign invasive species condition A₄₁Data consulting, accessing and field investigation and determination are adopted;

s200, judging related endangered species; according to actual investigation, related distribution condition A of endangered species₂₂If IUCN is related along the road and the red famous and extremely dangerous species, the red famous and extremely dangerous species and the red famous and extremely dangerous species in China are intensively distributed, the road construction project is not acceptable, and the grade evaluation is finished; if IUCN is not involved along the road and the red directory of the Chinese endangered species is extremely dangerous, endangered and national grade I key protection species centralized distribution areaIf so, entering S300;

s300, determining the influence grade of the influence evaluation index; a is prepared by₁₁、A₁₂、A₁₃、A₂₁、A₂₂、A₃₁、A₃₂、A₃₃、A₄₁And A₄₂Dividing the ecological environment into three levels according to the influence degree on the ecology, wherein the three levels are level I, level II and level III respectively; wherein, level I shows that the ecological influence of the road project on the natural protection area is within an acceptable range, the influence level is green and the number of the influence level is 1, level II shows that the road project has obvious influence on the natural protection area, corresponding protection measures are needed to reduce the adverse influence, the influence level is yellow and the number of the influence level is 2, level III shows that the road project has serious adverse influence on the natural protection area, the influence level is red and the number of the influence level is 3;

s400, determining a membership function of the influence evaluation index; determining the membership degree of each ecological influence evaluation index, wherein,

membership matrix R₁For road attribute influence evaluation index A₁Is 3 × 3 matrix, and the membership matrix

Membership matrix R₁The a-th row and the j-th column of (A) are denoted as r_aj，r_ajFor road attribute influence evaluation index A₁The membership degree of the middle alpha influence evaluation index to the grade with the number j; wherein a is a positive integer and a is 1, 2, 3, j is a positive integer and j is 1, 2, 3;

membership matrix R₂Evaluation index A for susceptibility influence₂Is a 2 × 3 matrix, a membership matrix

Membership matrix R₂The b-th row and j-th column element of (1) is denoted as r_bj，r_bjEvaluation index A for susceptibility influence₂The membership degree of the middle b-th influence evaluation index to the grade with the number j; wherein b is a positive integer and b is 1,2. 3, j is a positive integer and j is 1, 2, 3;

membership matrix R₃To directly influence the evaluation index A₃Is 3 × 3 matrix, and the membership matrix

Membership matrix R₃The element of row c and column j is denoted as r_cj，r_cjTo directly influence the evaluation index A₃The membership degree of the c-th influence evaluation index to the grade with the number j; wherein c is a positive integer and c is 1, 2, 3, j is a positive integer and j is 1, 2, 3;

membership matrix R₄As an indirect influence evaluation index A₄Is a 2 × 3 matrix, a membership matrix

Membership matrix R₄The d-th row and j-th column of (1) are denoted as r_dj，r_djAs an indirect influence evaluation index A₄The membership degree of the d-th influence evaluation index to the grade with the number j; wherein d is a positive integer and d is 1, 2, 3, j is a positive integer and j is 1, 2, 3;

when determining the membership degrees of the 6 quantitative indexes in the S100, determining a membership degree function by adopting trapezoidal distribution, and calculating the membership degree of the grade numbered j of each quantitative index by using the determined membership degree function;

for road grade A₁₃Is determined according to the road grade A determined in S200₁₃Is determined by the grade of R_1e1 and R_1e'0; wherein e is a positive integer and e is the road grade A determined in S200₁₃The grade number of (2); e ' is a positive integer, e ' ═ 1, 2, 3, and e ' ≠ e;

functional area A for road construction project crossing₂₁Is determined according to the functional area A traversed by the road construction project determined in S200₂₁Is determined by the grade of R_1f1 and R_1f'0; wherein f is a positive integer and f is determined in S200Functional area A crossed by fixed road construction project₂₁The grade number of (2); f ' is a positive integer, f ' is 1, 2, 3, and f ' ≠ f;

for distribution conditions A involving endangered species₂₂Is determined according to the distribution condition A of the related endangered species determined in S200₂₂Is determined by the grade of R_1g1 and R_1g'0; wherein g is a positive integer and g is the distribution A related to endangered species determined in S200₂₂The grade number of (2); g 'is a positive integer, g' ≠ g, 1, 2, 3;

for foreign invasive species status A₄₁Is determined according to the determined foreign invasive species condition A in S200₄₁Is determined by the grade of R_1h1 and R_1h'0; wherein h is a positive integer and h is the alien invasive species status A determined in S200₄₁The grade number of (2); h 'is a positive integer, h' ≠ h, 1, 2, 3;

s500, calculating the weight of the influence evaluation index; evaluation index A for influence on road attribute₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄The weight of the evaluation index is calculated, and the method for influencing the weight calculation of the evaluation index is an analytic hierarchy process; and the road attribute influence evaluation index A₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄The weights of (A) are respectively denoted as W₁、W₂、W₃And W₄To obtain a weight vector T, T ═ W₁，W₂，W₃，W₄)；

Evaluation index A for influence on road attribute₁Middle 3 ecological impact evaluation indexes A₁₁、A₁₂And A₁₃Are calculated respectively, and A is calculated₁₁、A₁₂And A₁₃The weights of (A) are respectively denoted as W₁₁、W₁₂And W₁₃To obtain A₁Weight vector T₁，T₁＝(W₁₁，W₁₂，W₁₃)；

Evaluation index A for influence on sensitivity₂Middle 2 ecological impact evaluation indexes A₂₁And A₂₂Are calculated respectively, and A is calculated₂₁And A₂₂The weights of (A) are respectively denoted as W₂₁And W₂₂To obtain A₂Weight vector T₂，T₂＝(W₂₁，W₂₂)；

For direct influence evaluation index A₃Middle 3 ecological impact evaluation indexes A₃₁、A₃₂And A₃₃Are calculated respectively, and A is calculated₃₁、A₃₂And A₃₃The weights of (A) are respectively denoted as W₃₁、W₃₂And W₃₃To obtain A₃Weight vector T₃，T₃＝(W₃₁，W₃₂，W₃₃)；

Evaluation index A for indirect influence₄Middle 2 ecological impact evaluation indexes A₄₁And A₄₂Are calculated respectively, and A is calculated₄₁And A₄₂The weights of (A) are respectively denoted as W₄₂And W₄₂To obtain A₄Weight vector T₄，T₄＝(W₄₂，W₄₂)；

S600, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; according to the membership degree matrix R determined in S400₁、R₂、R₃And R₄And the weight vector T determined in S500₁、T₂、T₃And T₄Calculating road attribute influence evaluation index A₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄Membership degree vector of (1), road attribute influence evaluation index A₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄Are respectively B₁、B₂、B₃And B₄(ii) a Wherein the road attribute influences the evaluation index A₁The calculation formula of the membership degree vector is B₁＝T₁R₁(ii) a Susceptibility influence evaluation index A₂The calculation formula of the membership degree vector is B₂＝T₂R₂(ii) a Direct influence evaluation index A₃The calculation formula of the membership degree vector is B₃＝T₃R₃(ii) a Indirect influence evaluation index A₄The calculation formula of the membership degree vector is B₄＝T₄R₄(ii) a According to B₁、B₂、B₃And B₄Obtaining an influence evaluation membership degree matrix R,

calculating a fuzzy evaluation matrix B according to the formula B ═ TR, (B ═ TR)₁，b₂，b₃)；

S700, judging the ecological influence level; evaluating the influence degree of the road construction project on the natural protection area by using the fuzzy evaluation matrix B; b₁、b₂、b₃Respectively corresponding to the evaluated specific gravities of the grade I, the grade II and the grade III; level I indicates that the ecological influence of the road project on the natural conservation area is within an acceptable range; level II shows that the road project has obvious influence on the natural protected area, and protective measures need to be taken to relieve the adverse influence; grade iii indicates that the road project has a serious adverse effect on the natural reserve, which is unacceptable.

Preferably, the calculation of the influence evaluation index weight in S500 is an influence evaluation index weight comprehensive calculation, and the steps are as follows,

s501, subjective weight calculation of the impact evaluation indexes; evaluation index A for influence on road attribute₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄The subjective weights of (a) are calculated to obtain a subjective weight vector C, C ═ μ₁，μ₂，μ₃) (ii) a The constructed judgment matrix is a first judgment matrix D₁First decision matrix D₁Is a 4-order matrix;

evaluation index A for influence on road attribute₁Middle 3 ecological impact evaluation indexes A₁₁、A₁₂And A₁₃Respectively calculating the subjective weights of A and B₁₁、A₁₂And A₁₃The subjective weights of (A) are respectively denoted as mu₁₁、μ₁₂And mu₁₃To obtain A₁Subjective weight vector C₁，C₁＝(μ₁₁，μ₁₂，μ₁₃) (ii) a The constructed judgment matrix is a second judgment matrix D₂Second decision matrix D₂Is a 3-order matrix;

evaluation index A for influence on sensitivity₂Middle 2 ecological impact evaluation indexes A₂₁And A₂₂Respectively calculating the subjective weights of A and B₂₁And A₂₂The subjective weights of (A) are respectively denoted as mu₂₂And mu₂₂To obtain A₂Subjective weight vector C₂，C₂＝(μ₂₂，μ₂₂) (ii) a The constructed judgment matrix is a third judgment matrix D₃The third judgment matrix D₃Is a 2-order matrix;

for direct influence evaluation index A₃Middle 3 ecological impact evaluation indexes A₃₁、A₃₂And A₃₃Respectively calculating the subjective weights of A and B₃₁、A₃₂And A₃₃The subjective weights of (A) are respectively denoted as mu₃₁、μ₃₂And mu₃₃To obtain A₃Subjective weight vector C₃，C₃＝(μ₃₁，μ₃₂，μ₃₃) (ii) a The constructed judgment matrix is a fourth judgment matrix D₄Fourth decision matrix D₄Is a 3-order matrix;

evaluation index A for indirect influence₄Middle 2 ecological impact evaluation indexes A₄₁And A₄₂Respectively calculating the subjective weights of A and B₄₁And A₄₂The subjective weights of (A) are respectively denoted as mu₄₂And mu₄₂To obtain A₄Subjective weight vector C₄，C₄＝(μ₄₂，μ₄₂) (ii) a The constructed judgment matrix is a fifth judgment matrix D₅Fifth decision matrix D₅Is a 2-order matrix;

s502, calculating objective weight of the influence evaluation index; using the first determination matrix D₁Calculating to obtain road attribute influence evaluation index by adopting entropy weight methodMark A₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄Objective weight λ of₁、λ₂、λ₃And λ₄；

Using the second decision matrix D₂Evaluation index A for influence of entropy weight method on road attribute₁Middle 3 ecological impact evaluation indexes A₁₁、A₁₂And A₁₃Respectively calculating the objective weights of A and B₁₁、A₁₂And A₁₃The objective weights of (A) are respectively denoted as λ₁₁、λ₁₂And λ₁₃；

Using the third determination matrix D₃Evaluation index A for sensitivity influence by entropy weight method₂Middle 2 ecological impact evaluation indexes A₂₁And A₂₂Respectively calculating the objective weights of A and B₂₁And A₂₂The objective weights of (A) are respectively denoted as λ₂₂And λ₂₂；

Using the fourth determination matrix D₄Evaluating index A by direct influence of entropy weight method₃Middle 3 ecological impact evaluation indexes A₃₁、A₃₂And A₃₃Respectively calculating the objective weights of A and B₃₁、A₃₂And A₃₃The objective weights of (A) are respectively denoted as λ₃₁、λ₃₂And λ₃₃；

Using the fifth decision matrix D₅Evaluation index A for indirect influence by entropy weight method₄Middle 2 ecological impact evaluation indexes A₄₁And A₄₂Respectively calculating the objective weights of A and B₄₁And A₄₂The objective weights of (A) are respectively denoted as λ₄₂And λ₄₂；

S503, calculating the combined weight of the influence evaluation indexes; calculation of A₁、A₂、A₃And A₄Combining weight W of₁、W₂、W₃And W₄To obtain a weight vector T, T ═ W₁，W₂，W₃，W₄)；

The calculation formula is as follows,

W_m＝α₁λ_m+(1-α₁)μ_m

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

W_mis A_mM is a positive integer and m is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 4;

μ_mis A_mM is a positive integer and is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 4;

λ_mis A_mM is a positive integer and is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 4;

α₁is a difference coefficient between the subjective and objective weights

Calculating road attribute influence evaluation index A₁Combining weight W of₁₁、W₁₂And W₁₃To obtain A₁Weight vector T₁，T₁＝(W₁₁，W₁₂，W₁₃)；

The calculation formula is as follows,

W_1m＝α₂λ_1m+(1-α₂)μ_1m

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

W_1mis A_1mM is a positive integer and m is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3;

μ_1mis A_1mM is a positive integer and is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3;

λ_1mis A_1mM is a positive integer and is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3;

α₂is A₁And the difference coefficient between the subjective and objective weights of

Calculation of sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Combining weight W of₂₁And W₂₂To obtain A₂Weight vector T₂，T₂＝(W₂₁，W₂₂)；

The calculation formula is as follows,

W_2m＝α₃λ_2m+(1-α₃)μ_2m

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

W_2mis A_2mM is a positive integer and m is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2;

μ_2mis A_2mM is a positive integer and is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2;

λ_2mis A_2mM is a positive integer and is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2;

α₃is A₂And α₃＝W₂₁+W₂₂-1.5；

Calculating direct influence evaluation index A₃Combining weight W of₃₁、W₃₂And W₃₃To obtain A₃Weight vector T₃，T₃＝(W₃₁，W₃₂，W₃₃)；

The calculation formula is as follows,

W_3m＝α₂λ_3m+(1-α₃)μ_3m

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

W_3mis A_3mM is a positive integer and m is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3;

μ_3mis A_3mM is a positive integer and is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3;

λ_3mis A_3mM is a positive integer and is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3;

α₄is A₃And the difference coefficient between the subjective and objective weights of

Calculating an indirect influence evaluation index A₄Combining weight W of₄₂And W₄₂To obtain A₄Weight vector T₄，T₄＝(W₄₂，W₄₂)；

The calculation formula is as follows,

W_4m＝α₂λ_4m+(1-α₃)μ_4m

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

W_4mis A_4mM is a positive integer and m is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2;

μ_4mis A_4mM is a positive integer and is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2;

λ_4mis A_4mM is a positive integer and is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2;

α₅is A₄And α₅＝W₄₁+W₄₂-1.5。

Preferably, a validity check is also included in S600; the validity test is to test the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the calculation formula is,

wherein alpha is the maximum membership principle validity index;

β is b₁，b₂，b₃Maximum value of (1);

gamma is b₁，b₂，b₃The second largest value of;

when alpha is less than 0.5, evaluating the influence degree of the road construction project on the natural protection area by adopting a weighted average principle; otherwise, the influence degree of the road construction project on the natural protection area is evaluated by adopting the maximum membership principle.

Preferably, the road length A related to the nature reserve₁₁Is divided into standard functions of

d₁The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein d is₁The influence strength of the road length in the natural protection area is obtained;

l is the length of the road, km, related to the natural reserve;

p is the perimeter of the natural protected area, km;

area A of natural protection area invaded by auxiliary facilities₁₂Is divided into standard functions of

d₂The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein d is₂The influence strength of the area of the road and the accessory facilities thereof;

s is the area of the road and its subsidiary facilities invading the natural protection area hm²；

A is the total area of the natural reserve, hm²；

Road grade A₁₃The division standard of (1) is that when the road construction project is a highway and a first-level road, the influence level is level III; the road construction projects are second-level and third-level roads, and the influence level is level II; the road construction project is a four-level road and other roads, and the influence level is level I;

functional area A traversed by road construction project₂₁The division standard of (1) is that when the road construction project relates to a core area and a buffer area, the influence level is level III; when the road construction project relates to a test area, the influence level is level II; when the road construction project relates to other areas, the influence level is level I;

concerning distribution of endangered species A₂₂The division standard is that when the road construction project relates to IUCN, the red directory of Chinese endangered species is extremely dangerous, the national class I species is scattered distribution area or the national class II centralized distribution area, the influence level is level III; when the road construction project relates to IUCN and red name records of endangered species in China, and the national level II is scattered, the influence grade is level II; when the road construction project does not relate to the distribution area of the species, the influence level is level I;

direct loss of primary protected object A₃₁Is divided into standard functions of

Wherein d is₃The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein d is₃Directly impact strength for the primary protected object;

when the main protected object is a plant, M is the direct loss amount of the plant individual number, the plant cluster number or the plant distribution area caused by the road construction project; when the main protected object is an animal, M is the habitat area directly invading the main protected object species;

when the main protected object is a plant, T is the plant individual number, the plant clump number or the total plant distribution area of the main protected object in the natural protected area; when the main protected object is an animal, T is the total habitat area of the main protected object in the natural protected area;

area of soil erosion₃₂Is divided into standard functions of

Wherein d is₄Setting the percentage of the water and soil loss area caused by road construction in the range of 30m at both sides of the road in the natural protection area to the total area of 30m buffer areas at both sides of the road;

intensity of influence of disruption of habitat A₃₃Is divided into standard functions of

d₅The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein d is₅For the environment fragmentation change rate, t is after road construction, and t-1 is before road construction;

FI is an environmental disruption index;

S_kis the area of the kth habitat patch, where k is a positive integer, hm²；

A is the total area of the natural reserve, hm²；

Foreign invasive species condition A₄₁The division standard of (1) is that when external invasive species are found along the road construction project and are propagated in a large area, the influence grade is grade III; the road construction project is sporadically distributed with external invasive species along the line, but the influence level is level II when large-area diffusion is not achieved at present; when no foreign invasive species are found along the road construction project, the influence level is level I;

indirect loss of protected objects a₄₂The division criterion function of (a) is,

d₆the formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein d is₆Indirectly influencing the intensity for the main protected object;

r is the rate of change of the importance (or frequency of occurrence) of the main protected species in the community.

Preferably, road class A₁₃The standard for the classification of the road grade in (1) is,

the highway is a highway with particularly important political and economic significance, is provided with four or more lanes, is provided with a central separation zone, is completely intersected and has perfect traffic safety facilities, management facilities and service facilities, and is a special highway specially used for high-speed driving of automobiles, wherein the ADT is more than or equal to 25000;

the first-level highway is a highway connecting the important political and economic culture center and part of overpasses, and ADT is more than or equal to 10000 and less than 25000;

the secondary highway is a main highway connected with politics and economic centers or a great industrial and mining area or a suburban highway with busy transportation, and ADT is more than or equal to 2000 and less than 10000;

the third level road is a branch road for communicating with a city in or above a county, and ADT is more than or equal to 200 and less than 2000;

the four-level road is a branch road for communicating counties, towns and villages, and ADT < 200.

Preferably, in S400, the road attribute influences the evaluation index a₁The calculation formula of the membership degrees of the grade I, the grade II and the grade III is as follows,

and

area A of natural protection area invaded by auxiliary facilities₁₂The calculation formula of the membership degrees of the grade I, the grade II and the grade III is as follows,

and

direct loss of primary protected object A₃₁The calculation formula of the membership degrees of the grade I, the grade II and the grade III is as follows,

and

area of soil erosion₃₂Formula for calculating membership of grade I, grade II and grade IIIIn order to realize the purpose,

and

intensity of influence of disruption of habitat A₃₃The calculation formula of the membership degrees of the grade I, the grade II and the grade III is as follows,

and

indirect loss of protected objects a₄₂The calculation formula of the membership degrees of the grade I, the grade II and the grade III is as follows,

and

preferably, the protection object indirectly loses A₄₂The protected object in (1) refers to a specific protected object species in a natural protected area, a rare or endangered species or a main constituent species in a representative ecosystem.

Preferably, the method also comprises an ecological influence index test, wherein the calculation formula is,

the EI is an ecological influence index of a road construction project;

D_iis A_iI is an integer and i is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 4;

w_iis A_iI is an integer and is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 4;

when the EI is less than or equal to 50, the ecological influence level of the road construction project is green; when EI is more than 50 and less than 80, the ecological influence level of the road construction project is yellow, and when EI is more than or equal to 80, the ecological influence level of the road construction project is red.

Preferably, D_iIncluding a road attribute index D₁Sensitivity index D₂Direct influence index D₃And an indirect influence index D₄；

Road attribute index D₁The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein D is₁Is a road attribute index;

d₁the influence strength of the road length in the natural protection area is obtained;

d₂the influence strength of the area of the road and the accessory facilities thereof;

x is the road grade influence strength; grade A of the current road₁₃When the classified influence grade is grade III, x is 100; grade A of the current road₁₃When the classified influence grade is grade II, x is 61.8; grade A of the current road₁₃When the classified influence grade is grade I, x is 38.2;

sensitivity index D₂The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein D is₂Is a sensitivity index;

y is the influence strength of the related functional regions; functional area A crossed by road construction project₂₁When the classification level of (1) is level III, y is 100; functional area A crossed by road construction project₂₁When the grade of (1) is grade II, y is 38.2; functional area A crossed by road construction project₂₁When the classification level of (1) is level I, y is 0;

z is the impact intensity related to endangered species; when concerning distribution of endangered species A₂₂When the classification level of (1) is level III, z is 100; when concerning distribution of endangered species A₂₂When the grade is II, z is 61.8; when concerning distribution of endangered species A₂₂When the grade is I, z is 38.2;

direct influence index D₃The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein D is₃Is a direct impact index;

d₃directly impact strength for the primary protected object;

d₄setting the percentage of the water and soil loss area caused by road construction in the range of 30m at both sides of the road in the natural protection area to the total area of 30m buffer areas at both sides of the road;

d₅to an environmental disruption index;

index of indirect influence D₄The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein D is₄Is an indirect influence index;

n is the foreign invasive species impact strength; when foreign invaded species status A₄₁When the grade of (1) is grade III, n is 100; when foreign invaded species status A₄₁When the grade of (1) is grade II, n is 61.8; when foreign invaded species status A₄₁When the classification level of (1) is level I, n is 0;

d₆the intensity is indirectly influenced for the main protected object.

Preferably, w_iDerived from analytic hierarchy process and expert consulting method, w₁＝0.2，w₂＝0.3，w₃＝0.25，w₄＝0.25。

3. Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the invention discloses an ecological influence evaluation system for road construction projects in a natural reserve area, which comprises the steps of determining evaluation indexes, judging related to endangered species, determining influence levels of the influence evaluation indexes, determining membership functions of the influence evaluation indexes, calculating the weight of the influence evaluation indexes, carrying out fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and judging the ecological influence levels; the invention utilizes the 'semi-trapezoid distribution map' to determine the membership of each element, so that the influence of each index on the natural protection area is more specific and definite, and the ecological influence degree of the road construction project on the natural protection area can be objectively and quantitatively reflected.

(2) According to the ecological influence evaluation system for the road construction project in the natural conservation area, the difference coefficient between subjective and objective weights is introduced, and the combined weight method of an analytic hierarchy process and an entropy weight method is adopted to weight each influence evaluation index, so that the advantages of subjective weighting and objective weighting can be fully exerted; the method is combined with a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the ecological influence of road construction projects in the natural conservation area, the evaluation time is short, the evaluation result is objective and accurate, and the application prospect is wide.

(3) According to the system for evaluating the ecological influence of the road construction project in the natural protection area, disclosed by the invention, the ecological influence index EI of the road construction project is calculated, the ecological influence of the road construction project on the natural protection area can be quantitatively reflected, the evaluation result is quickly verified, the objectivity of the evaluation result is improved, and the system is favorable for a natural protection area manager to make a decision according to the judged grade.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the evaluation of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a location relationship between a new road in a natural reserve and a functional area;

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating water and soil loss caused by new roads along the natural conservation area;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing a comparison of the fragmentation of a natural reserve environment before and after road construction.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.

The invention discloses a natural reserve road construction project ecological impact assessment system, as shown in figure 1, comprising the following steps:

Road engineering influence evaluation index A₁Including road length A relating to natural reserve₁₁Area A of natural protection area invaded by road and accessory facilities₁₂And road grade A₁₃Wherein the road length A₁₁Area A of natural protection area invaded by road and accessory facilities₁₂Are all quantitative indexes, road grade A₁₃Is a qualitative index; susceptibility influence evaluation index A₂Functional area A including road construction project traversal₂₁And to distribution of endangered species A₂₂Wherein the road construction project passes through the functional area A₂₁And to distribution of endangered species A₂₂Are all qualitative indexes; direct influence evaluation index A₃Including the direct loss of a primary protected object₃₁Area of soil erosion₃₂And disruption of habitat influence intensity A₃₃Wherein the primary protected object directly loses A₃₁Area of soil erosion₃₂And disruption of habitat influence intensity A₃₃Are all quantitative indicators; indirect influence evaluation index A₄Including foreign invasive species status A₄₁And indirect loss of protected objects A₄₂Wherein the foreign invasive species status A₄₁For qualitative index, indirect loss of protected object A₄₂Is a quantitative index; when the quantitative indexes are determined, determining the numerical values of the quantitative indexes respectively;

road grade A₁₃Determining according to the traffic volume, the road use task and the property, wherein the higher the road grade is, the greater the influence degree is; the detailed division criteria are: the highway is a highway with particularly important political and economic significance, has four or more than four lanes, is provided with a central separation zone, is completely intersected and has perfect traffic safety facilities, management facilities and service facilities, and is a special highway specially used for high-speed driving of automobiles, wherein the ADT (average daily traffic volume in the year) is more than or equal to 25000; the first-level highway is a highway connecting the important political and economic culture center and part of overpasses, and ADT is more than or equal to 10000 and less than 25000; the secondary highway is a main highway connected with politics and economic centers or a great industrial and mining area or a suburban highway with busy transportation, and ADT is more than or equal to 2000 and less than 10000; the third level road is a branch road for communicating with a city in or above a county, and ADT is more than or equal to 200 and less than 2000; the four-level road is a branch road for communicating counties, towns and villages, and is ADT<200；

Functional area A traversed by road construction project₂₁The method comprises the steps of determining according to technical rules of functional zoning of a natural protection zone, and dividing the natural protection zone into a core zone, a buffer zone and an experimental zone according to technical rules of functional zoning of the natural protection zone (GB/T35822-; wherein, the core area is a centralized distribution area of a natural ecosystem, rare or endangered wild animals and plants and natural vestige which are well preserved in a natural protection area; the buffer area is an area which is defined at the periphery of the core area and used for slowing down the interference of the outside world to the core area; the experimental area is an effective combination area of natural protection and sustainable resource utilization, and can be used for developing traditional production, scientific experiments, propaganda and education, ecological tourism, management service and natural recovery;

concerning distribution of endangered species A₂₂According to the field investigation and determination of the variety of endangered species, the endangered species refers to IUCN and the extremely dangerous or endangered species in the red directory of the Chinese endangered species, and the wild animal and plant species are mainly protected in the first grade and the second grade of the country, the distribution of the endangered species is from scattered to concentrated, and the influence degree is stronger;

foreign invasive species condition A₄₁According to the famous records of foreign invasive species in China (first batch and second batch), the data is consultedDetermining the state of the foreign invasive species caused by road construction in modes of access, field investigation and the like;

s200, judging related endangered species; according to actual investigation, related distribution condition A of endangered species₂₂If IUCN and Chinese endangered species red directory are extremely dangerous, endangered and national level I key protection species centralized distribution areas along the road, the road construction project is unacceptable, and the level evaluation is finished; if IUCN is not involved along the road, and the red directory of the Chinese endangered species is extremely dangerous, endangered and the concentrated distribution area of the national class I key protection species, the method enters S300;

road length A relating to natural conservation zones₁₁Is divided into standard functions of

d₁The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

l is the length of the road, km, related to the natural reserve;

p is the perimeter of the natural protected area, km;

d₂The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

A is the total area of the natural reserve, hm²；

Wherein d is₃The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein d is₃Directly impact strength for the primary protected object;

area of soil erosion₃₂Is divided into standard functions of

d₅The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein d is₅For the environment breaking change rate, t is the road after the road construction, and t-1 is the roadBefore road construction;

S_kis the area of the kth habitat patch, where k is a positive integer, hm²；

A is the total area of the natural reserve, hm²；

indirect loss of protected objects a₄₂Is divided into standard functions of

d₆The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

degree of membershipMatrix R₂Evaluation index A for susceptibility influence₂Is a 2 × 3 matrix, a membership matrix

Membership matrix R₂The b-th row and j-th column element of (1) is denoted as r_bj，r_bjEvaluation index A for susceptibility influence₂The membership degree of the middle b-th influence evaluation index to the grade with the number j; wherein b is a positive integer and b is 1, 2, 3, j is a positive integer and j is 1, 2, 3;

functional area A for road construction project crossing₂₁Is determined according to the functional area A traversed by the road construction project determined in S200₂₁Is determined by the grade of R_1f1 and R_1f'0; wherein f is a positive integer and f is the functional area A traversed by the road construction project determined in S200₂₁The grade number of (2); f ' is a positive integer, f ' is 1, 2, 3, and f ' ≠ f;

wherein the road attribute influences the evaluation index A₁The calculation formula of the membership degrees of the grade I, the grade II and the grade III is as follows,

and

and

and

area of soil erosion₃₂The calculation formula of the membership degrees of the grade I, the grade II and the grade III is as follows,

and

and

and

s500, calculating the weight of the influence evaluation index; evaluation index A for influence of analytic hierarchy process on road attribute₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄The weight of the road is calculated, and the road attribute influence evaluation index A is calculated₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄The weights of (A) are respectively denoted as W₁、W₂、W₃And W₄To obtain a weight vector T, T ═ W₁，W₂，W₃，W₄)；

S600, validity check is also included; the validity test is to test the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the calculation formula is,

wherein alpha is the maximum membership principle validity index;

β is b₁，b₂，b₃Maximum value of (1);

gamma is b₁，b₂，b₃The second largest value of;

It is worth mentioning that the indirect loss of protected objects A₄₂The protected object in (1) refers to a specific protected object species in a natural protected area, a rare or endangered species or a main constituent species in a representative ecosystem. Except for a protection area with specific protection object species, other protection object protection objects in the protection area generally refer to rare endangered species and a representative ecosystem, and particularly take species habitat as a core, for example, the fir in Qinling mountains does not belong to the endangered species, but the ecosystem of the fir in Qinling mountains belongs to the representative ecosystem, and the protection object is measured according to the change of important values of the fir in Qinling mountains during specific measurement and calculation.

The invention also comprises an ecological impact index test for verifying the evaluation result, the calculation formula is,

the EI is an ecological influence index of a road construction project;

w_iis A_iI is an integer and i is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 4.

Further description of w_iDerived from analytic hierarchy process and expert consulting method, and w₁＝0.2，w₂＝0.3，w₃＝0.25，w₄0.25. The evaluation criteria for EI are: when the EI is less than or equal to 50, the ecological influence level of the road construction project is green; when EI is more than 50 and less than 80, the ecological influence level of the road construction project is yellow, and when EI is more than or equal to 80, the ecological influence level of the road construction project is red.

D_iIncluding a road attribute index D₁Sensitivity index D₂Direct influence index D₃And an indirect influence index D₄；

Road attribute index D₁The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein D is₁Is a road attribute index;

sensitivity index D₂The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein D is₂Is a sensitivity index;

direct influence index D₃The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein D is₃Is a direct impact index;

d₃directly impact strength for the primary protected object;

d₅to an environmental disruption index;

index of indirect influence D₄The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein D is₄Is an indirect influence index;

n is the foreign invasive species impact strength; when foreign invaded species status A₄₁When the classification of (1) is class III, n100; when foreign invaded species status A₄₁When the grade of (1) is grade II, n is 61.8; when foreign invaded species status A₄₁When the classification level of (1) is level I, n is 0;

d₆the intensity is indirectly influenced for the main protected object.

In this embodiment, taking an example of a country-level natural protection area of a blimp ray lawn, the evaluation system provided by the present invention is used for evaluating the ecological impact of a newly added road construction project on the natural protection area after carrying out the ecological impact, and the method for evaluating the ecological impact of the road construction project on the natural protection area includes the following steps:

s100, determining an evaluation index;

s200, judging related endangered species; the road construction project does not relate to IUCN and the concentrated distribution area of the red famous and extremely dangerous, endangered and national I-level key protection species in China, and the road construction project enters S300;

s300, determining the influence grades of the influence evaluation indexes as a grade I, a grade II and a grade III;

calculating the road length based on ArcGIS according to the extracted new road vector data, wherein the road length is 15.38km, and the road length A related to the natural protection area is combined₁₁Will relate to the road length A of the natural reserve₁₁The influence grade of (2) is classified into grade II;

through actual investigation, the length of the road section with the width of 4m of the newly added road is 12.26km, and the length of the road section with the width of 6m is 3.12km, so that the area of the newly added road is 12.26km + 4m +3.12km + 6m which is 6.68hm²The area of the road auxiliary facilities (road maintenance station) is 0.06hm²Combined with subsidiary facilities encroaching on the area A of the natural protected area₁₂Dividing standard function of (1) to encroach subsidiary facilities into natural protected area A₁₂The influence grade of (2) is classified into grade II;

according to the traffic volume, the road use task and the property, the newly added road in the natural protection area is a branch road which is communicated with villages and towns in the packet hometown range, has small traffic flow and belongs to the category of four-level roads; combined with road grade a₁₃The division standard of (1) road class A₁₃The influence grade of (A) is classified into grade I;

extracting road construction information of the natural protection area by comparing the remote sensing images in 2014 and 2017; the extracted road vector data are superposed to a functional zoning map of the natural protection zone, namely, the road construction project passes through a buffer zone of the natural protection zone by combining the map 2; functional area A for crossing in combination with road construction project₂₁The division standard of (A) is a functional area A which is crossed by the road construction project₂₁The influence grade of (1) is classified into grade III;

the newly added road passes through a scattered distribution area of the second-level key protection wild plant species Dabie mountain spikenard of the main protection object country near the threshold ridge of the natural protection area; binding to distribution status related to endangered species A₂₂Will relate to distribution of endangered species A₂₂The influence grade of (2) is classified into grade II;

road construction projects penetrate scattered distribution areas of main protection objects of the macrolepis gigantea in natural protection areas, and investigation proves that the individual macrolepis gigantea is not directly invaded in the project construction process, and direct loss of the main protection object of the macrolepis gigantea is not caused; direct loss of bound primary protected object A₃₁Will directly lose a primary protected object by a division criterion of₃₁The influence grade of (A) is classified into grade I;

the construction of the road can cause water and soil loss on two sides of the roadside, and particularly, the water and soil loss is more serious when the slopes of two sides of the road are larger; by visual interpretation of the remote sensing image, as shown in FIG. 3, and combined with field investigation, the loss area of soil and water within 30m of buffer on both sides of the newly added road is calculated to be 2.21hm²The area of the 30m area of the buffer on the two sides is 15.38 km/0.06 km/92.28 hm²(ii) a Combined soil and water loss area A₃₂Dividing the soil erosion area A into standard functions₃₂The influence grade of (2) is classified into grade II;

making a natural habitat distribution map of a natural protected area before and after road construction, as shown in fig. 4, before road project construction, the number of natural habitat patches is 4, and patch areas are respectively: 5194.26hm²、3713.85hm²、1251.46hm²、1065.7hm²According to the fragmentation algorithm, the fragmentation index Fi is calculated to be 0.72. Method for constructing roadsAnd then, the number of the original natural habitat patches is increased to 5, and the areas are respectively as follows: 3297.04hm²、1897.17hm²、3713.85hm²、1251.46hm²、1065.7hm²The fragmentation index FI is 0.81; after a road is newly built, the fragmentation of the natural habitat of the natural protection area is increased by 12.5 percent; effect of Combined habitat disruption A₃₃By breaking the habitat into influence intensities A₃₃The influence grade of (2) is classified into grade II;

determining the state of the foreign invasive species through field investigation and by combining interview data; no foreign invasive species are found along the road construction project; binding to foreign invasive species Condition A₄₁The division criteria of (2) is to classify the foreign invasive species status A₄₁The influence grade of (A) is classified into grade I;

only 1 Dabie mountain spikenard is distributed around the newly-repaired road near the threshold ridge, survey samples are arranged at a distance of 20m and 100m from the road, and the Dabie mountain spikenard of the protected object is not recorded, so that the change of the important value of the Dabie mountain spikenard is not caused; however, considering that the giant salamander which is a national second-level key protection animal is also a main protection object in a natural protection area, according to interview data of local residents, after the road is built, because the human activities along the road are increased, the frequency of finding the giant salamander in a nearby river channel is reduced compared with that before the road is built, and the indirect loss A of the protection object is combined₄₂Dividing the standard function into a number of blocks, and indirectly losing the protected object by A₄₂The influence grade of (A) is classified into grade I;

s400, determining a membership function of the influence evaluation index;

s500, calculating the weight of the influence evaluation index; evaluation index A for influence of analytic hierarchy process on road attribute₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄Calculating the weight of (a); and a₁₁、A₁₂、A₁₃、A₂₁、A₂₂、A₃₁、A₃₂、A₃₃、A₄₁And A₄₂The weights of (a) are calculated respectively;

s600, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; in the validity test, the maximum membership principle validity index alpha is more than or equal to 0.5, and a fuzzy evaluation matrix B is obtained;

s700, judging the ecological influence level; evaluating the influence degree of the road construction project on the natural protection area by using the fuzzy evaluation matrix B; the evaluation result shows that the ecological influence level of the road construction project is yellow; the evaluation result is checked in combination with an ecological impact index, wherein the road attribute index D₁66.82, sensitivity index D₂83.12, direct impact index D₃66.62, indirect influence index D₄When 43.69, the ecological impact level of the road construction project was "yellow" as a result of the evaluation. The results of the two are the same, which indicates that the newly added road construction project in the protected area has obvious influence on the natural protected area, and corresponding protective measures need to be taken to alleviate the adverse influence. Such as: the new construction of the road causes the disruption of the natural protected area to be intensified, the blocking effect is obvious, and animal channels are established to slow down the blocking effect according to the distribution characteristics of animals along the road; the habitat fragmentation aggravates, has also increased the edge effect simultaneously, and the possibility that the resident of peripheral community got into the protected area through this road and carried out the interference increases, and the probability of discovering the giant salamander like near river course reduces, consequently should strengthen daily patrol and protect, improves the management and maintenance dynamics along the road line.

Example 2

The basic contents of this embodiment are different from those of embodiment 1 in that the calculation of the influence evaluation index weight in S500 is a comprehensive calculation of the influence evaluation index weight, and the steps are as follows,

s502, influencing objective weight of evaluation indexCalculating; using the first determination matrix D₁Calculating to obtain road attribute influence evaluation index A by adopting an entropy weight method₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄Objective weight λ of₁、λ₂、λ₃And λ₄；

The calculation formula is as follows,

W_m＝α₁λ_m+(1-α₁)μ_m

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

α₁is a difference coefficient between the subjective and objective weights

The calculation formula is as follows,

W_1m＝α₂λ_1m+(1-α₂)μ_1m

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

The calculation formula is as follows,

W_2m＝α₃λ_2m+(1-α₃)μ_2m

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

α₃is A₂And α₃＝W₂₁+W₂₂-1.5；

The calculation formula is as follows,

W_3m＝α₂λ_3m+(1-α₃)μ_3m

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

The calculation formula is as follows,

W_4m＝α₂λ_4m+(1-α₃)μ_4m

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

α₅is A₄And α₅＝W₄₁+W₄₂-1.5。

In this embodiment, taking an Anhui ray lawn country-level natural protection area as an example, the evaluation system provided in this embodiment is used for evaluating ecological influence on a newly-added built road project in the natural protection area, the ecological influence of the evaluation road construction project on the natural protection area is large or small, the evaluation result shows that the ecological influence level of the road construction project is yellow, the evaluation result is tested by combining with an ecological influence index, and the results are the same, which indicates that the method can quickly evaluate the overall ecological influence of the road construction project, and is short in evaluation time, objective and accurate in evaluation result and wide in application prospect.

Finally, it should be noted that: it should be understood that the above examples are only for clearly illustrating the present application and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of this type are intended to be covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A natural conservation area road construction project ecological influence assessment system is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s100, determining an evaluation index; for road constructionDetermining ecological influence evaluation indexes of the natural protection area by the project; the ecological influence evaluation index comprises a road attribute influence evaluation index A₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄；

The road engineering influence evaluation index A₁Including road length A relating to natural reserve₁₁Area A of natural protection area invaded by road and accessory facilities₁₂And road grade A₁₃Wherein the road length A₁₁Area A of natural protection area invaded by road and accessory facilities₁₂Are all quantitative indexes, road grade A₁₃Is a qualitative index; the sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Functional area A including road construction project traversal₂₁And to distribution of endangered species A₂₂Wherein the road construction project passes through the functional area A₂₁And to distribution of endangered species A₂₂Are all qualitative indexes; the direct influence evaluation index A₃Including the direct loss of a primary protected object₃₁Area of soil erosion₃₂And disruption of habitat influence intensity A₃₃Wherein the primary protected object directly loses A₃₁Area of soil erosion₃₂And disruption of habitat influence intensity A₃₃Are all quantitative indicators; the indirect influence evaluation index A₄Including foreign invasive species status A₄₁And indirect loss of protected objects A₄₂Wherein the foreign invasive species status A₄₁For qualitative index, indirect loss of protected object A₄₂Is a quantitative index; when the quantitative indexes are determined, determining the numerical values of the quantitative indexes respectively;

wherein the road class A₁₃Determining according to the traffic volume, the road use task and the property, wherein the higher the road grade is, the greater the influence degree is; the distribution condition A of the species involved in endangerment₂₂According to the endangered species diversity field investigation and determination, the distribution is from scattered to concentrated, and the influence degree is stronger; said alien invasive species condition A₄₁Data consulting, accessing and field investigation and determination are adopted;

s200, judging related endangered species; according to actual investigation, related distribution condition A of endangered species₂₂If IUCN is related along the road and the red famous and extremely dangerous species, the red famous and extremely dangerous species and the red famous and extremely dangerous species in China are intensively distributed, the road construction project is not acceptable, and the grade evaluation is finished; if IUCN is not involved along the road, and the red directory of the Chinese endangered species is extremely dangerous, endangered and the concentrated distribution area of the national class I key protection species, the method enters S300;

membership matrix R₁For road attribute influence evaluation index A₁Is a 3 × 3 matrix, the membership matrix

membership matrix R₂To be sensitiveEvaluation index of influence A₂Is a 2 × 3 matrix, the membership matrix

membership matrix R₃To directly influence the evaluation index A₃Is a 3 × 3 matrix, the membership matrix

membership matrix R₄As an indirect influence evaluation index A₄Is a 2 × 3 matrix, the membership matrix

when determining the membership degrees of the 6 quantitative indexes in the S100, determining a membership degree function by adopting trapezoidal distribution, and calculating the membership degree of each quantitative index with the grade of j by using the determined membership degree function;

for road grade A₁₃Is determined according to the road grade A determined in S200₁₃Grade (1) ofIs determined, R_1e1 and R_1e'0; wherein e is a positive integer and e is the road grade A determined in S200₁₃The grade number of (2); e ' is a positive integer, e ' ═ 1, 2, 3, and e ' ≠ e;

s500, calculating the weight of the influence evaluation index; evaluation index A for influence of the road attribute₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄The weight of the influence evaluation index is calculated, and the method for calculating the weight of the influence evaluation index is an analytic hierarchy process; and the road attribute influence evaluation index A₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄The weights of (A) are respectively denoted as W₁、W₂、W₃And W₄To obtain a weight vector T, T ═ W₁，W₂，W₃，W₄)；

S600, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; according to the membership degree matrix R determined in S400₁、R₂、R₃And R₄And the weight vector T determined in S500₁、T₂、T₃And T₄Calculating road attribute influence evaluation index A₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄The road attribute influences the evaluation index A₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄Are respectively B₁、B₂、B₃And B₄(ii) a Wherein the road attribute influences the evaluation index A₁The calculation formula of the membership degree vector is B₁＝T₁R₁(ii) a Susceptibility influence evaluation index A₂The calculation formula of the membership degree vector is B₂＝T₂R₂(ii) a Direct influence evaluation index A₃The calculation formula of the membership degree vector is B₃＝T₃R₃(ii) a Indirect influence evaluation index A₄The calculation formula of the membership degree vector is B₄＝T₄R₄(ii) a According to B₁、B₂、B₃And B₄Obtaining an influence evaluation membership degree matrix R,

2. The ecological impact assessment system for road construction projects in natural reserve according to claim 1, characterized in that: the calculation of the influence evaluation index weight in S500 is an influence evaluation index weight comprehensive calculation, and includes the steps of,

s501, influence evaluationCalculating subjective weight of price index; evaluation index A for influence on road attribute₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄The subjective weights of (a) are calculated to obtain a subjective weight vector C, C ═ μ₁，μ₂，μ₃) (ii) a The constructed judgment matrix is a first judgment matrix D₁The first judgment matrix D₁Is a 4-order matrix;

evaluation index A for influence on road attribute₁Middle 3 ecological impact evaluation indexes A₁₁、A₁₂And A₁₃Respectively calculating the subjective weights of A and B₁₁、A₁₂And A₁₃The subjective weights of (A) are respectively denoted as mu₁₁、μ₁₂And mu₁₃To obtain A₁Subjective weight vector C₁，C₁＝(μ₁₁，μ₁₂，μ₁₃) (ii) a The constructed judgment matrix is a second judgment matrix D₂The second determination matrix D₂Is a 3-order matrix;

evaluation index A for influence on sensitivity₂Middle 2 ecological impact evaluation indexes A₂₁And A₂₂Respectively calculating the subjective weights of A and B₂₁And A₂₂The subjective weights of (A) are respectively denoted as mu₂₂And mu₂₂To obtain A₂Subjective weight vector C₂，C₂＝(μ₂₂，μ₂₂) (ii) a The constructed judgment matrix is a third judgment matrix D₃The third determination matrix D₃Is a 2-order matrix;

for direct influence evaluation index A₃Middle 3 ecological impact evaluation indexes A₃₁、A₃₂And A₃₃Respectively calculating the subjective weights of A and B₃₁、A₃₂And A₃₃The subjective weights of (A) are respectively denoted as mu₃₁、μ₃₂And mu₃₃To obtain A₃Subjective weight vector C₃，C₃＝(μ₃₁，μ₃₂，μ₃₃) (ii) a The constructed judgment matrix is a fourth judgment matrix D₄The fourth determination matrix D₄Is a 3-order matrix;

evaluation index A for indirect influence₄Middle 2 ecological impact evaluation indexes A₄₁And A₄₂Respectively calculating the subjective weights of A and B₄₁And A₄₂The subjective weights of (A) are respectively denoted as mu₄₂And mu₄₂To obtain A₄Subjective weight vector C₄，C₄＝(μ₄₂，μ₄₂) (ii) a The constructed judgment matrix is a fifth judgment matrix D₅The fifth judgment matrix D₅Is a 2-order matrix;

s502, calculating objective weight of the influence evaluation index; using the first determination matrix D₁Calculating to obtain road attribute influence evaluation index A by adopting an entropy weight method₁Sensitivity influence evaluation index A₂Evaluation index A of direct influence₃And indirect influence evaluation index A₄Objective weight λ of₁、λ₂、λ₃And λ₄；

The calculation formula is as follows,

W_m＝α₁λ_m+(1-α₁)μ_m

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

α₁is a difference coefficient between the subjective and objective weights

The calculation formula is as follows,

W_1m＝α₂λ_1m+(1-α₂)μ_1m

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

The calculation formula is as follows,

W_2m＝α₃λ_2m+(1-α₃)μ_2m

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

α₃is A₂And α₃＝W₂₁+W₂₂-1.5；

The calculation formula is as follows,

W_3m＝α₂λ_3m+(1-α₃)μ_3m

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

The calculation formula is as follows,

W_4m＝α₂λ_4m+(1-α₃)μ_4m

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

α₅is A₄And α₅＝W₄₁+W₄₂-1.5。

3. The ecological impact assessment system for road construction projects in natural reserve according to claim 1, characterized in that: the S600 also comprises validity check; the validity test is to test the comprehensive evaluation of the fuzzy, the calculation formula is,

wherein alpha is the maximum membership principle validity index;

β is b₁，b₂，b₃Maximum value of (1);

gamma is b₁，b₂，b₃The second largest number inA value;

4. The ecological impact assessment system for road construction projects in natural reserve according to claim 1, characterized in that: the road length A related to the natural reserve₁₁Is divided into standard functions of

d₁The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

l is the length of the road, km, related to the natural reserve;

p is the perimeter of the natural protected area, km;

the area A of the natural protection area invaded by the auxiliary facilities₁₂Is divided into standard functions of

d₂The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

A is the total area of the natural reserve, hm²；

The road grade A₁₃The division standard is that when the road construction project is expressway, first class highwayOn the road, the influence grade is grade III; the road construction projects are second-level and third-level roads, and the influence level is level II; the road construction project is a four-level road and other roads, and the influence level is level I;

the distribution condition A of the species involved in endangerment₂₂The division standard is that when the road construction project relates to IUCN, the red directory of Chinese endangered species is extremely dangerous, the national class I species is scattered distribution area or the national class II centralized distribution area, the influence level is level III; when the road construction project relates to IUCN and red name records of endangered species in China, and the national level II is scattered, the influence grade is level II; when the road construction project does not relate to the distribution area of the species, the influence level is level I;

the primary protected object directly loses A₃₁Is divided into standard functions of

Wherein d is₃The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein d is₃Directly impact strength for the primary protected object;

the area of soil erosion₃₂Is divided into standard functions of

the disruption of the habitat affects intensity A₃₃Is divided into standard functions of

d₅The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

FI is an environmental disruption index;

S_kis the area of the kth habitat patch, where k is a positive integer, hm²；

A is the total area of the natural reserve, hm²；

Said alien invasive species condition A₄₁The division standard of (1) is that when external invasive species are found along the road construction project and are propagated in a large area, the influence grade is grade III; the road construction project is sporadically distributed with external invasive species along the line, but the influence level is level II when large-area diffusion is not achieved at present; when no foreign invasive species are found along the road construction project, the influence level is level I;

the indirect loss of protected object A₄₂The division criterion function of (a) is,

d₆the formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

5. The ecological impact assessment system for road construction projects in natural reserve according to claim 1, characterized in that: the road grade A₁₃The standard for the classification of the road grade in (1) is,

6. The ecological impact assessment system for road construction projects in natural reserve according to claim 4, characterized in that: in S400, the road attribute influence evaluation index a₁The calculation formula of the membership degrees of the grade I, the grade II and the grade III is as follows,

and

the area A of the natural protection area invaded by the auxiliary facilities₁₂The calculation formula of the membership degrees of the grade I, the grade II and the grade III is as follows,

and

the primary protected object directly loses A₃₁The calculation formula of the membership degrees of the grade I, the grade II and the grade III is as follows,

and

the area of soil erosion₃₂The calculation formula of the membership degrees of the grade I, the grade II and the grade III is as follows,

and

the disruption of the habitat affects intensity A₃₃The calculation formula of the membership degrees of the grade I, the grade II and the grade III is as follows,

and

the indirect loss of protected object A₄₂The calculation formula of the membership degrees of the grade I, the grade II and the grade III is as follows,

and

7. the ecological impact assessment system for road construction projects in natural reserve according to claim 4, characterized in that: the indirect loss of protected object A₄₂The protected object in (1) refers to a specific protected object species in a natural protected area, a rare or endangered species or a main constituent species in a representative ecosystem.

8. The ecological impact assessment system for road construction projects in natural reserve according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: also comprises an ecological influence index test, the calculation formula is as follows,

the EI is an ecological influence index of a road construction project;

9. The ecological impact assessment system for road construction projects in natural reserve according to claim 8, characterized in that: said D_iIncluding a road attribute index D₁Sensitivity index D₂Direct influence index D₃And an indirect influence index D₄；

The road attribute index D₁The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein D is₁Is a road attribute index;

the sensitivity index D₂The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein D is₂Is a sensitivity index;

the direct influence index D₃The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein D is₃Is a direct impact index;

d₃directly impact strength for the primary protected object;

d₅to an environmental disruption index;

the indirect influence index D₄The formula for calculating (a) is as follows,

wherein D is₄Is an indirect influence index;

d₆the intensity is indirectly influenced for the main protected object.

10. The ecological impact assessment system for road construction projects in natural reserve according to claim 8, characterized in that: said w_iAnalysis according to hierarchyLaw and expert consulting law to derive, w₁＝0.2，w₂＝0.3，w₃＝0.25，w₄＝0.25。