CN110245833A - A kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation method and its system - Google Patents
A kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation method and its system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation methods; obtain the remote sensing image of nature reserve area; remote sensing image, which is based on, for a construction project carries out remote sensing recognition; for two different times; each evaluation index is calculated respectively; the specific evaluation number of each evaluation index of two different times is obtained, and specific index changing value is calculated according to specific index twice；Specific index changing value is substituted into Ecological Evaluation model and obtains Intrusion Index, its influence degree is judged by Intrusion Index；The invention also discloses a kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation systems, including remote sensing recognition subsystem, item extraction subsystem, ecosystem protection zone influence Evaluation subsystem and wildlife reserve to influence Evaluation subsystem.The present invention, which quantitatively can be realized rapidly, builds movable influence intensity evaluation to Development in Nature Reserve, can efficiently reduce the investment of manpower and material resources, have high economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental protection technical field, more particularly to a kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project
Ecological Evaluation method and its system.
Background technique
Establish the important foundation that nature reserve area is countries in the world protection species habitat, and biology in protection habitat
Diversity is most direct, one of most effective measure.Nature reserve area can provide natural " background " of the ecosystem for the mankind, be
The natural repository of all kinds of natural ecosystems and wildlife species is the rarity and essence of China's natural ecological environment, is
Promote conservation culture, building National Ecological Security barrier, the beautiful Chinese important carrier of construction.
Currently, although China's Natural Reserves construction achieves very big achievement, with the continuous growth of China human mortality
It with economic fast development, protects and becomes increasingly conspicuous with the contradiction of exploitation, the destructions such as energy development, exploitation of mineral resources, road construction are certainly
The mankind's activity of right protection zone is more and more frequent.No matter ecologist and biological protection scholar are it is believed that in which kind of space ruler
On degree, Habitat patches fragmentation caused by development & construction activity is the biggest threat of bio-diversity.Quick development & construction are living
It moves so that zone of influence large size Habitat patches are constantly occupied and nibbled, the species and the ecosystem destroyed in protection zone are effectively dwelt
Breath ground, in protection zone species and the ecosystem cause great threat, seriously threatened the guarantor of zone of influence bio-diversity
Shield.It is to lead to the principal element of nature reserve area ecological disruption, but difference is developed that many scholars, which study discovery development & construction activity,
Which ecology influence construction activity has to the object of different type nature reserve area, what degree is influenced, and there is presently no a set of
Quantitative quick index and method system.
Therefore, influence of the different development & construction activities to different type nature reserve area ecology can be directed to by designing one kind
The problem of evaluation index and method system are those skilled in the art's urgent need to resolve.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation method and its being
System, is classified Development in Nature Reserve construction project, using the technical advantage of satellite monitoring, realizes quick identification,
And different development & construction activities are constructed to the Ecological Evaluation index of different type nature reserve area, on this basis, lead to
Building evaluation model is crossed, the ecology influence index of different construction projects is calculated, and by classification, has rated different construction projects
To the ecology influence degree of different type nature reserve area, promptly and accurately, targetedly for nature reserve area authorities at different levels
The development & construction activity intensity that nature reserve area is grasped on ground provides foundation.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation method, comprising:
Step 1: obtaining the remote sensing image of nature reserve area, a Development in Nature Reserve is directed to based on the remote sensing image
Construction project carries out remote sensing recognition, wherein the construction project includes road construction project, water resources and hydropower construction project and mineral products
Resource construction project；
Step 2: the construction project of each type is equipped with different evaluation indexes for the difference of nature reserve area type；
For two different times, each evaluation index is calculated respectively, obtains each institute's commentary of two different times
The specific evaluation number of valence index, and specific index changing value is calculated according to the specific index described twice；
Step 3: the specific index changing value is substituted into Ecological Evaluation model to obtain the different construction
Project judges its influence degree by the Intrusion Index to the ecology influence index of the zone of influence.
Preferably, the buffer area in nature reserve area for 1~5km near each construction project is as the zone of influence；Its
In, the nature reserve area type includes ecosystem class protection zone and wild animal class protection zone.
Preferably, Ecological Evaluation of the road construction project to ecosystem class protection zone and wild animal class protection zone
Index difference is as follows:
1. road construction project includes: to the Ecological Evaluation index of ecosystem class protection zone
Link length index, path space distribution sensitivity indices, the advanced road of the zone of influence occupy natural ecosystem
System area ratio, road width index, connectivity index and normalized differential vegetation index；
2. road construction project includes: to the Ecological Evaluation index of wild animal class protection zone
It is the link length index on animal habitat ground in the zone of influence, water surface area ratio, path space distribution sensitivity indices, high
Grade road with occupying wild animal habitat area ratio, road width index, connectivity index, animal habitat air pollutant
Volume index and normalized differential vegetation index；
Circular is as follows:
1. link length index
Calculation method: by link length divided by zone of influence area；
2. path space is distributed sensitivity indices
Calculation method: path space is distributed sensitivity indices=(core space link length * 0.6+ buffer area link length *
The test block 0.3+ link length * 0.1)/road total length degree；
3. road width index
Calculation method: extracting road from image, will affect area boundary and road is overlapped, utilize GIS method choice
Three sections of road are measured, and three sections of road is selected to be measured, and are used average value as road width, are had a lot of social connections with the road
Degree is divided by road construction project zone of influence area；
4. connectivity index
Calculation method:
In formula, cijkIndicate connection value of the patch j and patch k in given threshold value distance in patch class i, wherein be connected as
1, it is not connected to be 0, niIndicate the patch number of patch class i in landscape；
5. normalized differential vegetation index
Calculation method: NDVI=(NIR-R)/(NIR+R)；
In formula, NDVI is normalized differential vegetation index, and NIR is reflectivity of the vegetation in remote sensing image near infrared band, and R is to plant
By the reflectivity in remote sensing image infrared band；
6. advanced road occupies natural ecosystems area ratio
Calculation method: the area of the natural ecosystems occupied with high-level road is divided by zone of influence area；
7. advanced road occupies wild animal habitat area ratio
Calculation method: the area of the wild animal habitat occupied with high-level road is divided by zone of influence area；
8. water surface area ratio
Calculation method: by water surface area divided by zone of influence area；
9. air pollution performance figure
Calculation method:
In formula, AQI is air pollution performance figure, ValueiFor the air quality index of pixel i, a pixel corresponding one
A AQI value is then obtained by calculated with weighted average method but if a construction project covers multiple pixels.
Preferably, ecology influence of the water resources and hydropower construction project to ecosystem class protection zone and wild animal class protection zone
Evaluation index difference is as follows:
1. water resources and hydropower construction project includes: to the Ecological Evaluation index of ecosystem class protection zone
The water conservancy and hydropower project area ratio of the zone of influence, water conservancy and hydropower project spatial distribution sensitivity indices, water conservancy and hydropower are set
It applies and occupies natural ecosystems area ratio, riveway dry-up percentage and Scenic Bridges；
2. water resources and hydropower construction project is to the Ecological Evaluation index of wild animal class protection zone
The water conservancy and hydropower project area ratio on animal habitat ground, water conservancy and hydropower project spatial distribution sensibility refer in the zone of influence
Air pollutant amount refers to occupying wild animal habitat area ratio, Scenic Bridges and animal habitat for number, water conservancy and hydropower facility
Number；
Circular is as follows:
1. water conservancy and hydropower project area ratio
Calculation method: by water conservancy and hydropower project area divided by zone of influence area；
2. water conservancy and hydropower project spatial distribution sensitivity indices
The water conservancy and hydropower project space sensitive sex index=(buffer area core space water conservancy and hydropower project area * 0.6+ water conservancy water
The electric test block facilities item * 0.3+ water conservancy and hydropower project area * 0.1)/zone of influence area；
3. water conservancy and hydropower facility occupies natural ecosystems area ratio
Calculation method: the area of the natural ecosystems occupied with water conservancy and hydropower facility is divided by zone of influence area；
4. water conservancy and hydropower facility occupies wild animal habitat area ratio
Calculation method: the area of the wild animal habitat occupied with water conservancy and hydropower project is divided by zone of influence area；
5. riveway dry-up percentage
Calculation method:
In formula: CiFor river i cutout length percent, EiFor the riverbed length of exposure of river i, LiFor the overall length of river i
Degree；
6. Scenic Bridges
Calculation method:
In formula, CiFor the degree of fragmentation of landscape i, NiFor the patch number of landscape i, AiFor the gross area of landscape i；
7. air pollution performance figure
Calculation method:
In formula, AQI is air pollution performance figure, ValueiFor the air quality index of pixel i, a pixel corresponding one
A AQI value is then obtained by calculated with weighted average method but if a construction project covers multiple pixels.
Preferably, ecology influence of the mineral resources construction project to ecosystem class protection zone and wild animal class protection zone
Evaluation index difference is as follows:
1. mineral resources construction project includes: to the Ecological Evaluation index of ecosystem class protection zone
Mineral resources project area ratio, mineral resources facility space distribution sensitivity indices, the mineral resources of the zone of influence are set
It applies and occupies natural ecosystems area ratio, Scenic Bridges and normalized differential vegetation index；
2. mineral resources construction project includes: to the Ecological Evaluation index of wild animal class protection zone
The air pollution performance figure on zone of influence animal habitat ground, mineral resources project area ratio, water surface area ratio, mineral products
Facility resource spatial distribution sensitivity indices, mineral resources facility occupy wild animal habitat area ratio, Scenic Bridges and
Normalized differential vegetation index；
Circular is as follows:
1. mineral resources project area ratio
Calculation method: by mineral resources project area divided by zone of influence area；
2. mineral resources project spatial distribution sensitivity indices
Calculation method: mineral resources project spatial distribution sensitivity indices=(core space mineral resources project area * 0.6+
The buffer area test block mineral resources project area * 0.3+ mineral resources project area * 0.1)/zone of influence area；
3. mineral resources facility occupies natural ecosystems area ratio
Calculation method: the area of the natural ecosystems occupied with mineral resources project is divided by zone of influence area；
4. mineral resources facility occupies wild animal habitat area ratio
Calculation method: the area of the wild animal habitat occupied with mineral resources project is divided by zone of influence area；
5. Scenic Bridges
Calculation method:
In formula, CiFor the degree of fragmentation of landscape i, NiFor the patch number of landscape i, AiFor the gross area of landscape i；
6. normalized differential vegetation index
Calculation method: NDVI=(NIR-R)/(NIR+R)
In formula, NDVI is normalized differential vegetation index, and NIR is reflectivity of the vegetation in remote sensing image near infrared band, and R is to plant
By the reflectivity in remote sensing image infrared band；
7. water surface area ratio
Calculation method: by water surface area divided by zone of influence area；
8. air pollution performance figure
Calculation method:
In formula, AQI is air pollution performance figure, ValueiFor the air quality index of pixel i, a pixel corresponding one
A AQI value is then obtained by calculated with weighted average method but if a construction project covers multiple pixels.
Preferably, calculating mould of the road construction project to the ecology influence index of the ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence
Type:
IREAA=X1×0.2+X2×0.2+X3×0.3+X4×0.1+X5×0.1-X6×0.1
In above formula, X1For link length index variation, X2Sensitivity indices variation, X are distributed for path space3It is high-grade
Road occupies the variation of natural ecosystems area ratio, X4For road width index variation, X5For connectivity index variation, X6To return
One changes vegetation index variation；
Computation model of the road construction project to the ecology influence index of the wild animal class protection zone zone of influence:
IRAAA=X1×0.1-X2×0.1+X3×0.2+X4×0.1+X5×0.1+X6×0.1+X7×0.1+X8×0.2
In above formula, X1For link length index variation, X2It is water surface area than variation, X3Sensibility is distributed for path space
Index variation, X4The variation of wild animal habitat area ratio, X are occupied for advanced road5For road width index variation, X6For
Connectivity index variation, X7For animal habitat air pollutant's volume index variation, X8For normalized differential vegetation index variation.
Preferably, meter of the water resources and hydropower construction project to the ecology influence index of the ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence
Calculate model:
IHEAA=X1×0.25+X2×0.25+X3×0.3+X4×0.1+X5×0.1
In above formula, X1For the variation of water conservancy and hydropower project area ratio, X2For the change of water conservancy and hydropower project spatial distribution sensitivity indices
Change, X3The variation of natural ecosystems area ratio, X are occupied for water conservancy and hydropower facility4For the variation of riveway dry-up percentage and X5For landscape
Degree of fragmentation variation；
Computation model of the water resources and hydropower construction project to the ecology influence index of the wild animal class protection zone zone of influence:
IHAAA=X1×0.25+X2×0.25+X3×0.3+X4×0.1+X5×0.1
In above formula, X1For the variation of water conservancy and hydropower project area ratio, X2For the change of water conservancy and hydropower project spatial distribution sensitivity indices
Change, X3The variation of wild animal habitat area ratio, X are occupied for water conservancy and hydropower facility4For Scenic Bridges variation and X5It dwells for animal
The variation of Xi Di air pollutant's volume index.
Preferably, meter of the mineral resources construction project to the ecology influence index of the ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence
Calculate model:
IMEAA=X1×0.25+X2×0.25+X3×0.3+X4×0.1-X5×0.1
In above formula, X1For the variation of mineral resources project area ratio, X2Sensitivity indices are distributed for mineral resources facility space to become
Change, X3The variation of natural ecosystems area ratio, X are occupied for mineral resources facility4For Scenic Bridges variation and X5It is planted for normalization
By index variation；
Computation model of the mineral resources construction project to the ecology influence index of the wild animal class protection zone zone of influence:
IMAAA=X1×0.1+X2×0.2-X3×0.1+X4×0.15+X5×0.1+X6×0.15-X7×0.2
In above formula, X1For the variation of air pollution performance figure, X2For the variation of mineral resources project area ratio, X3For waters face
Product is than variation, X4Sensitivity indices variation, X are distributed for mineral resources facility space5Wild animal is occupied for mineral resources facility to dwell
Ground area is ceased than variation, X6For Scenic Bridges variation and X7For normalized differential vegetation index variation.
A kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation system, including remote sensing recognition subsystem, project mention
Taking subsystem, ecosystem protection zone to influence Evaluation subsystem and wildlife reserve influences Evaluation subsystem；
The remote sensing recognition subsystem, for obtaining remote sensing image；
The item extraction subsystem includes: that multi-scale division module, information extraction modules and protection zone type judge mould
Block；
The multi-scale division module, for carrying out multi-scale division to remote sensing recognition image；
The information extraction modules, for being extracted to evaluation index parameter；
The protection zone type judging module, the protection zone type for the zone of influence to required evaluation judge；
The ecosystem protection zone, which influences Evaluation subsystem and the wildlife reserve, influences Evaluation subsystem point
The calculating of ecology influence index Yong Yu not be carried out for different types of protection zone.
It can be seen via above technical scheme that compared with prior art, the present disclosure provides a kind of nature reserve areas
Development construction item Ecological Evaluation method, has following technical effect that
(1) present invention proposes to refer to the Ecological Evaluation of different type nature reserve area for different development & construction activities
Mark and method system can be quantified and rapidly be realized on the movable influence intensity evaluation of Development in Nature Reserve construction, can be effectively
The investment for reducing manpower and material resources, has high economic benefit.
(2) achievement of the present invention is by constructing Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation method system, energy
Development & construction activity influence intensity in protection zone is quickly grasped for nature reserve area integrated management department, direct basis is provided, also can
Evidence locking and problem notification of the more crowdes of center environmental protection supervisors about nature reserve area are supported, there is stronger social benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The embodiment of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis
The attached drawing of offer obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 attached drawing is Development in Nature Reserve construction activity Ecological Evaluation method flow diagram provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 attached drawing is Wulushan Nature Reserve conservation of nature zone position provided by the invention and function distinguishing Butut；
Fig. 3 attached drawing is Wulushan Nature Reserve nature reserve area provided by the invention protection zone striograph in 2006；
Fig. 4 attached drawing is Wulushan Nature Reserve nature reserve area provided by the invention protection zone striograph in 2015；
Fig. 5 attached drawing is -2015 years 2006 mineral resources construction project positions in Wulushan Nature Reserve nature reserve area provided by the invention
It sets and distribution map；
Fig. 6 attached drawing is that -2015 years 2006 newly-increased mineral resources in Wulushan Nature Reserve nature reserve area provided by the invention build item
Mesh A remote sensing image comparison diagram；
Fig. 7 attached drawing is that -2015 years 2006 popularization mineral resources in Wulushan Nature Reserve nature reserve area provided by the invention are built
If project B remote sensing image comparison diagram；
Fig. 8 attached drawing is that -2015 years 2006 popularization mineral resources in Wulushan Nature Reserve nature reserve area provided by the invention are built
If project C remote sensing image comparison diagram；
Fig. 9 attached drawing is Development in Nature Reserve construction activity Ecological Evaluation system structure provided by the invention signal
Figure.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one:
The embodiment of the present invention one discloses a kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation method, such as Fig. 1
It is shown.
(1) natural reserve construction project remote sensing recognition method
Object-oriented classification method is spectrum and shape feature based on remote sensing image, sets suitable segmentation scale, light
The parameters such as heterogeneity, shape heterogeneity are composed, image is split, homogeneity object is obtained, further according to class object comprehensive analysis
Spectrum, shape, the Texture eigenvalue of object carry out classification and the extraction of ground object target.It is broadly divided into following four step:
1) multi-scale division
Multi-scale division is substantially to merge algorithm (FNEA algorithm) using based on the minimum heterogeneous zone of influence, by image
The multiple target polygon objects being divided under different scale, so that the different types of ground objects of remote sensing image are all optimum by its
Scale describes.The algorithm is mainly controlled the process entirely divided, i.e. scale parameter, spectrum heterogeneity parameter by 3 parameters
With shape heterogeneity parameter, segmentation scale parameter is bigger, and obtained object is bigger, and vice versa.Multi-scale division can be used
Developer64 softwares of eCognition or independent research algorithm are realized.
2) feature extraction
The allusion quotation of all kinds of index classifications is selected according to spectrum, shape and the textural characteristics of object after the segmentation of different construction projects
Type feature.
3) rule set is established
According to many experiments as a result, being directed to different construction projects, establish corresponding with reference to rule set.Due to construction project
Texture, shape and spectral signature on different times or different regions image have some differences, can be right according to the actual situation
It is adjusted with reference to the threshold value of rule set.
4) classify
According to the typical classification feature of each monitoring index, to three kinds of road, water conservancy and hydropower, mineral resources construction project difference
Classify.
5) it corrects
It is interpreted by manually visualizing, the extraction result of object-oriented is checked, the result of wrong point, leakage point is carried out
Amendment.
(2) natural reserve construction classification of the items rule set
Development in Nature Reserve construction project classifying rules includes being shown in Table 1 as properties.
1 Development in Nature Reserve construction project classifying rules collection of table
1) nature reserve area road construction classification of the items rule set
Road is broadly divided into railway, advanced road and ordinary road.It is soft by eCognition Developer 64
Part completes multi-scale division process, and segmentation scale is 20, and form parameter 0.1, compact degree parameter is 0.5.
After segmentation, the rule set based on expert's priori knowledge extracts road construction project, with specific reference to index such as table
2。
Table 2 refers to rule set-road construction project
2) nature reserve area water resources and hydropower construction classification of the items rule set
Water conservancy and hydropower project mainly includes dam, power station, sluice, flume and reservoir.Pass through eCognition
64 softwares of Developer complete multi-scale division process, and for different monitoring objectives, different points is rule of thumb arranged
Parameter is cut, it is specific such as table 3.
3 partitioning parameters of table-water resources and hydropower construction project
After segmentation, the rule set based on expert's priori knowledge extracts water resources and hydropower construction project, with specific reference to index
Such as table 4.It is extracted in water resources and hydropower construction Project Process with object-oriented classification method, dam, power station and sluice often do not have
Method is distinguished, and needs to interpret subsidiary discriminant by visual observation.
Table 4 refers to rule set-water resources and hydropower construction project
3) nature reserve area mineral resources construction project classifying rules collection
Mineral resources mainly include stope, refuse dump, mining area workshop, mine road, Tailings Dam, transfer place and reclaim
Area.Multi-scale division process is completed by 64 softwares of eCognition Developer, segmentation scale uses 20, shape ginseng
Number is 0.1, and compact degree parameter is 0.5.
After segmentation, the rule set based on expert's priori knowledge extracts mineral resources construction project information, with specific reference to
Index such as table 5.
Table 5 refers to rule set-mineral resources construction project
3, Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation index and calculation method
(1) road construction project Ecological Evaluation index and calculation method
Road construction will affect the integrality of the nature reserve area ecosystem, increase the degree of fragmentation of the ecosystem, cause to plant
The destruction of quilt changes the reduction of vegetation coverage and species richness.1~5 kilometer of road construction project is chosen in protection zone
The zone of influence influences the zone of influence as it to be evaluated.No in view of protected object (natural ecosystems or wild animal)
Together, Ecological Evaluation index of the road construction project to natural ecosystems class protection zone and wild animal class nature reserve area
It is as follows respectively:
1) road construction project Ecological Evaluation index
1. road construction project is to the Ecological Evaluation index of natural ecosystems class protection zone
The link length index, path space distribution sensitivity indices, advanced road for passing through the zone of influence occupy nature life
State system area ratio, road width index, connectivity index and normalized differential vegetation index；
2. road construction project includes: to the Ecological Evaluation index of wild animal class protection zone
The link length index on animal habitat ground in the zone of influence, water surface area ratio, path space distribution sensibility is passed through to refer to
Number, advanced road with occupying wild animal habitat area ratio, road width index, connectivity index, animal habitat air
Pollute performance figure and normalized differential vegetation index；
2) road construction project Ecological Evaluation index calculating method
1. link length index
Calculation method: extracting all kinds of roads from image, will affect area boundary and road is overlapped, utilize GIS method
Link length in the zone of influence is calculated, with length divided by zone of influence area.
Data source: remote sensing image and zone of influence data boundary.
2. path space is distributed sensitivity indices
Calculation method: space sensitive sex index=(core space link length * 0.6+ zone of influence link length * 0.3+ experiment
Area link length * 0.1)/zone of influence road total length degree
All kinds of roads are extracted from image, protection zone function division and road are overlapped, and utilize GIS method statistic shadow
The link length of different function subregion in area is rung, and according to model space sensitivity indices.
Data source: function partition data in remote sensing image and the zone of influence.
3. water surface area ratio
Calculation method: extracting waters from image, will affect area boundary and waters is overlapped, and is calculated using GIS method
Zone of influence water surface area, with the area divided by zone of influence area.
Data source: remote sensing image and zone of influence data boundary.
4. road width index
Calculation method: extracting road from image, will affect area boundary and road is overlapped, utilize GIS method choice
Three sections of road are measured, and use average value as road width, with length divided by zone of influence area.
Data source: remote sensing image and zone of influence data boundary.
5. connectivity index
Calculation method:
In formula, cijkIndicate that connection value of the patch j and patch k in given threshold value distance (is connected as 1, no in patch class i
It is connected as 0), niIndicate the patch number of patch class i in landscape.
It will affect area boundary and land classification data investigation, directly count connectivity using landscape pattern software Fragstas
Index.
Data source: land classification data.
6. air pollution performance figure
Calculation method:
In formula, AQI is the air pollution performance figure of road project, ValueiFor the air quality index of pixel i, one
Pixel corresponds to an AQI value, but if road project covers multiple pixels, then needs to calculate weighted average calculation and obtains.
Data source: the socioeconomic data of NASA and application center obtain.
7. normalized differential vegetation index
Calculation method:
NDVI=(NIR-R)/(NIR+R)
In formula, NDVI is normalized differential vegetation index, and NIR is reflectivity of the vegetation in remote sensing image near infrared band, and R is to plant
By the reflectivity in remote sensing image infrared band.
Data source: remote sensing image.
8. advanced road occupies natural ecosystems area ratio
Calculation method: the high-level road of the zone of influence is extracted from image, and by road construction project and land classification number
According to being overlapped, the area for the natural ecosystems that high-level road occupies is extracted using GIS method, is occupied with high-level road
Natural ecosystems area divided by zone of influence area；
Data source: remote sensing image, land classification data and zone of influence data boundary.
9. advanced road occupies wild animal habitat area ratio
Calculation method: the high-level road of the zone of influence is extracted from image, and by road construction project and habitat data
It is overlapped, the area for the wild animal habitat that high-level road occupies is extracted using GIS method, occupied with high-level road
Wild animal habitat area divided by zone of influence area；
Data source: remote sensing image, land classification data and zone of influence data boundary.
(2) water resources and hydropower construction project Ecological Evaluation index
Although water resources and hydropower construction project promotes people's lives and production, but there is also occupy protection zone land used, draw
Situations such as playing river discharge reduction, cutout, the problems such as causing vegetation deterioration, the water soil erosion, soil erosion.It chooses in protection zone
The zone of influence that 1~5 kilometer of water resources and hydropower construction project influences the zone of influence as it to be evaluated.In view of protected object is (raw
State system or wild animal) difference, water resources and hydropower construction project protects ecosystem class protection zone and wild animal class naturally
The Ecological Evaluation index difference for protecting area is as follows:
1) water resources and hydropower construction project Ecological Evaluation index
1. water resources and hydropower construction project includes: to the Ecological Evaluation index of natural ecosystems class protection zone
Water conservancy and hydropower project area ratio, water conservancy and hydropower project spatial distribution sensitivity indices, water conservancy and hydropower facility are occupied certainly
Right Ecosystem area ratio, riveway dry-up percentage and Scenic Bridges；
2. water resources and hydropower construction project is to the Ecological Evaluation index of wild animal class protection zone
The water conservancy and hydropower project area ratio on animal habitat ground, water conservancy and hydropower project spatial distribution sensitivity indices, water conservancy water
Electric facility with occupying wild animal habitat area ratio, Scenic Bridges and animal habitat air pollutant volume index；
2) water resources and hydropower construction project Ecological Evaluation index calculating method
1. water conservancy and hydropower project area ratio
Calculation method: extracting water conservancy and hydropower project from image, will affect area boundary and water conservancy and hydropower project is overlapped,
Hydroelectric project area in influencing is calculated using GIS method, with water conservancy and hydropower project area divided by zone of influence area.
Data source: remote sensing image and zone of influence data boundary.
2. water conservancy and hydropower project spatial distribution sensitivity indices
Calculation method:
Space sensitive sex index=(core space water conservancy and hydropower project area * 0.6+ zone of influence water conservancy and hydropower facilities item *
The test block 0.3+ water conservancy and hydropower project area * 0.1) the water conservancy and hydropower project gross area in the/zone of influence
Water conservancy and hydropower project is extracted from image, protection zone function division and water conservancy and hydropower project are overlapped, and is utilized
The water conservancy and hydropower project area of GIS method statistic different function subregion, and according to model space sensitivity indices.
Data source: remote sensing image and zone of influence function division data.
3. water conservancy and hydropower facility occupies natural ecosystems area ratio
Calculation method: the water conservancy and hydropower project of the zone of influence is extracted from image, and by water conservancy and hydropower project and land classification
Data are overlapped, and the area for the natural ecosystems that water conservancy and hydropower facility occupies is extracted using GIS method, is set with water conservancy and hydropower
The area of the natural ecosystems of occupancy is applied divided by zone of influence area；
Data source: remote sensing image, land classification data and zone of influence data boundary.
4. water conservancy and hydropower facility occupies wild animal habitat area ratio
Calculation method: the water conservancy and hydropower project of the zone of influence is extracted from image, and by water conservancy and hydropower project and land classification
Data or habitat data are overlapped, and the face for the wild animal habitat that water conservancy and hydropower project occupies is extracted using GIS method
Product, the area of the wild animal habitat occupied with water conservancy and hydropower project is divided by zone of influence area；
Data source: remote sensing image, land classification data and zone of influence data boundary.
5. riveway dry-up percentage
Calculation method:
In formula: CiFor river i cutout length percent, EiFor the riverbed length of exposure of river i, LiFor the overall length of river i
Degree；
River and cutout information are extracted from image, and is overlapped with protection zone boundary, calculate river using GIS method
Stop percentage.
Data source: remote sensing image.
6. Scenic Bridges
Calculation method:
In formula, CiFor the degree of fragmentation of landscape i, NiFor the patch number of landscape i, AiFor the gross area of landscape i.
It will affect area boundary and land classification data investigation, it is broken directly to count landscape using landscape pattern software Fragstas
Broken degree index.
Data source: land classification data.
7. air pollution performance figure
Calculation method:
In formula, AQI is the air pollution performance figure of water resources and hydropower construction project,Value iAir quality for pixel i refers to
Number, the corresponding AQI value of a pixel then need to calculate weighted average meter but if a construction project covers multiple pixels
It obtains.
Data source: the socioeconomic data of NASA and application center obtain.
(3) mineral resources construction project Ecological Evaluation index
Exploitation of mineral resources is the key that China's economic growth, is had great significance to the development of national economy.However,
The protected object of mineral resources Development control area meeting protection zone generates negative impact, destroys the habitat of animal, influences nature guarantor
The integrality for protecting area's ecosystem, influences its original landscape.Choose 1~5 kilometer of mineral resources construction project in protection zone of shadow
Ringing area as it influences the zone of influence to be evaluated.In view of the difference of protected object (ecosystem or wild animal), mineral products
Resource construction project to the Ecological Evaluation index of ecosystem class protection zone and wild animal class nature reserve area respectively such as
Under:
1) mineral resources construction project Ecological Evaluation index
1. mineral resources construction project includes: to the Ecological Evaluation index of natural ecosystems class protection zone
Mineral resources project area ratio, mineral resources facility space distribution sensitivity indices, mineral resources facility are occupied certainly
Right Ecosystem area ratio, Scenic Bridges and normalized differential vegetation index；
2. mineral resources construction project includes: to the Ecological Evaluation index of wild animal class protection zone
Air pollution performance figure, mineral resources project area ratio, water surface area ratio, the mineral resources on animal habitat ground are set
Apply spatial distribution sensitivity indices, mineral resources facility occupies wild animal habitat area ratio, Scenic Bridges and normalization
Vegetation index；
2) mineral resources construction project Ecological Evaluation index calculating method
1. mineral resources project area ratio
Calculation method: extracting mineral resources project from image, will affect area boundary and mineral resources project is overlapped,
Mineral resources project area in the zone of influence is calculated using GIS method, with mineral resources project area divided by zone of influence area.
Data source: remote sensing image and zone of influence data boundary.
2. mineral resources project spatial distribution sensitivity indices
Calculation method:
Space sensitive sex index=(core space mineral resources project area * 0.6+ zone of influence mineral resources project area *
The test block 0.3+ mineral resources project area * 0.1) the mineral resources project gross area in the/zone of influence
Mineral resources project is extracted from image, area's function division is will affect and mineral resources project is overlapped, and is utilized
The mineral resources project area of GIS method statistic different function subregion, and according to model space sensitivity indices.
Data source: remote sensing image and zone of influence function division data.
3. mineral resources facility occupies natural ecosystems area ratio
Calculation method: the mineral resources project of the zone of influence is extracted from image, and by mineral resources project and land classification
Data are overlapped, and the area for the natural ecosystems that mineral resources project occupies are extracted using GIS method, with mineral resources item
The area for the natural ecosystems that mesh occupies is divided by zone of influence area；
Data source: remote sensing image, land classification data and zone of influence data boundary；
4. mineral resources facility occupies wild animal habitat area ratio
Calculation method: the mineral resources project of the zone of influence is extracted from image, and by mineral resources project and habitat number
According to being overlapped, the area for the wild animal habitat that mineral resources project occupies is extracted using GIS method, with mineral resources item
The area for the wild animal habitat that mesh occupies is divided by zone of influence area；
Data source: remote sensing image, land classification data and zone of influence data boundary；
5. Scenic Bridges
Calculation method:
In formula, CiFor the degree of fragmentation of landscape i, NiFor the patch number of landscape i, AiFor the gross area of landscape i.
It will affect area boundary and land classification data investigation, it is broken directly to count landscape using landscape pattern software Fragstas
Broken degree index.
Data source: land classification data.
6. normalized differential vegetation index
Calculation method:
NDVI=(NIR-R)/(NIR+R)
In formula, NDVI is normalized differential vegetation index, and NIR is reflectivity of the vegetation in remote sensing image near infrared band, and R is to plant
By the reflectivity in remote sensing image infrared band.
Data source: remote sensing image.
7. air pollution performance figure
Calculation method:
In formula, AQI is the air pollution performance figure of mineral resources project, ValueiFor the air quality index of pixel i,
The corresponding AQI value of one pixel then needs to calculate weighted average meter but if a mineral resources project covers multiple pixels
It obtains.
Data source: the socioeconomic data of NASA and application center obtain.
8. water surface area ratio
Calculation method: extracting waters from image, will affect area boundary and waters is overlapped, and is calculated using GIS method
Zone of influence water surface area, with the area divided by zone of influence area.
Data source: remote sensing image and zone of influence data boundary.
4, Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation method and model
Influence of the development construction item to nature reserve area ecological environment is a long-term and dynamic process, is needed by right
Than influencing to obtain on caused by protected object (ecosystem or wild animal) before and after project construction.Therefore Development in Nature Reserve
Construction project Ecological Evaluation is to calculate separately each evaluation index using two issues evidence, and each index is subtracted each other, and obtains each finger
Target situation of change, by establishing model, influence degree of the evaluation development construction item to nature reserve area ecological environment.
1, Ecological Evaluation method and model of the road construction project to nature reserve area
(1) Ecological Evaluation method and model of the road construction project to ecosystem class protection zone
1~5 kilometer of road construction project in nature reserve area of the zone of influence is chosen, calculated separately for two phases passes through the zone of influence
Link length index variation, path space distribution sensitivity indices variation, advanced road occupy natural ecosystems area
Change 6 indexs as evaluation index than variation, road width index variation, connectivity index variation, normalized differential vegetation index,
The weight of all kinds of indexs is determined using Delphi method (also known as Experts consultation method).
For the zone of influence of ecosystem class protection zone, the Ecological Evaluation index and weight of road construction project are such as
Under:
6 road construction project of table is to ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence Ecological Evaluation index and weight
Ecology influence index (Index of Road of the road construction project to the ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence
Project Impact Assessment for Ecosystem Type Affected Areas) computation model:
IREAA=X1×0.2+X2×0.2+X3×0.3+X4×0.1+X5×0.1-X6×0.1
IREAAAs road construction project is divided into 4 grades, i.e., to the ecology influence degree of the ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence
Substantially it influences, significantly affect, extremely significant influence without influence, slightly, be specifically shown in Table 7.
7 road construction project of table is to ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence ecology influence grading
(2) Ecological Evaluation method and model of the road construction project to wild animal class protection zone
The zone of influence for choosing 1~5 kilometer of road construction project in nature reserve area, calculates separately and passes through animal in the zone of influence
Link length index variation, the variation of water surface area ratio, the variation of path space distribution sensitivity indices, advanced road of habitat
Occupy the variation of wild animal habitat area ratio, road width index variation, connectivity index variation, animal habitat air it is dirty
Performance figure variation, normalized differential vegetation index 8 indexs of variation are contaminated, is determined using Delphi method (also known as Experts consultation method) each
The weight of class index.
For the zone of influence of wild animal class protection zone, the Ecological Evaluation index and weight of road construction project are such as
Under:
8 road construction project of table is to wild animal class protection zone zone of influence Ecological Evaluation index and weight
Ecology influence index (Index of Road of the road construction project to the wild animal class protection zone zone of influence
Project Impact Assessment for Wild Animal type Affected Areas) computation model:
IRAAA=X1×0.1-X2×0.1+X3×0.2+X4×0.1+X5×0.1+X6×0.1+X7×0.1+X8×0.2
IRAAAAs road construction project is divided into 4 grades, i.e., to the ecology influence degree of the wild animal class protection zone zone of influence
Substantially it influences, significantly affect, extremely significant influence without influence, slightly.Specifically it is shown in Table 9.
9 road construction project of table is to wild animal class protection zone zone of influence ecology influence grading
2, Ecological Evaluation method and model of the water resources and hydropower construction project to nature reserve area
(1) Ecological Evaluation method and model of the water resources and hydropower construction project to ecosystem class protection zone
The zone of influence for choosing 1~5 kilometer of water resources and hydropower construction project in nature reserve area, calculates separately different year and is related to
The variation of water conservancy and hydropower project area ratio, the variation of water conservancy and hydropower project spatial distribution sensitivity indices, water conservancy of the protection zone zone of influence
Hydroelectric project occupies the variation of natural ecosystems area ratio, the variation of riveway dry-up percentage, Scenic Bridges index variation 5 fingers
Mark, the weight of all kinds of indexs is determined using Delphi method (also known as Experts consultation method).
For the zone of influence of ecosystem class protection zone, the Ecological Evaluation index and weight of water resources and hydropower construction project
It is as follows:
10 water resources and hydropower construction project of table is to ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence Ecological Evaluation index and weight
Ecology influence index (Index of of the water resources and hydropower construction project to the ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence
Hydropower Project Impact Assessment for Ecosystem Type Affected Areas) calculating
Model:
IHEAA=X1×0.25+X2×0.25+X3×0.3+X4×0.1+X5×0.1
IHEAAAs water resources and hydropower construction project is divided into 4 to the ecology influence degree of the ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence
Grade is influenced substantially without influence, slightly, is significantly affected, extremely significant influence.Specifically it is shown in Table 11.
11 water resources and hydropower construction project of table is to ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence ecology influence grading
(2) Ecological Evaluation method and model of the water resources and hydropower construction project to wild animal class protection zone
The zone of influence for choosing 1~5 kilometer of water resources and hydropower construction project in nature reserve area calculates separately different year protection
The variation of water conservancy and hydropower project area ratio, the variation of water conservancy and hydropower project spatial distribution sensitivity indices, water conservancy on area animal habitat ground
Hydroelectric facility project occupies the variation of wild animal habitat area ratio, Scenic Bridges variation, animal habitat ground air pollutant
Volume index changes 5 indexs.
For the zone of influence of wild animal class protection zone, the Ecological Evaluation index and weight of water resources and hydropower construction project
It is as follows:
12 water resources and hydropower construction project of table is to wild animal class protection zone zone of influence Ecological Evaluation index
And weight
Ecology influence index (Index of of the water resources and hydropower construction project to the wild animal class protection zone zone of influence
Hydropower Project Impact Assessment for Wild Animal type Affected Areas) meter
Calculate model: IHAAA=X1×0.25+X2×0.25+X3×0.3+X4×0.1+X5×0.1
IHAAAAs water resources and hydropower construction project is divided into 4 to the ecology influence degree of the wild animal class protection zone zone of influence
Grade is influenced substantially without influence, slightly, is significantly affected, extremely significant influence.Specifically it is shown in Table 13.
13 water resources and hydropower construction project of table is to wild animal class protection zone zone of influence ecology influence grading
3, Ecological Evaluation method and model of the mineral resources construction project to nature reserve area
(1) Ecological Evaluation method and model of the mineral resources construction project to ecosystem class protection zone
The zone of influence for choosing 1~5 kilometer of mineral resources construction project in nature reserve area, calculates separately different year and is related to
The mineral resources facility area ratio variation of the ecosystem-type zone of influence, mineral resources facility space distribution sensitivity indices become
Change, mineral resources facility occupies the variation of natural ecosystems area ratio, Scenic Bridges index variation, normalized differential vegetation index change
Change 5 indexs, the weight of all kinds of indexs is determined using Delphi method (also known as Experts consultation method).
For the zone of influence of ecosystem class protection zone, the Ecological Evaluation index and weight of mineral resources construction project
It is as follows:
14 mineral resources construction project of table is to ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence Ecological Evaluation index and weight
Ecology influence index (Index of of the mineral resources construction project to the ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence
Mineral Resources Impact Assessment for Ecosystem Type Affected Areas) calculating
Model: IMEAA=X1×0.25+X2×0.25+X3×0.3+X4×0.1-X5×0.1
IMEAAAs mineral resources construction project is divided into 4 to the ecology influence degree of the ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence
Grade is influenced substantially without influence, slightly, is significantly affected, extremely significant influence.Specifically it is shown in Table 15.
15 mineral resources construction project of table is to ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence ecology influence grading
(2) Ecological Evaluation method and model of the mineral resources construction project to wild animal class protection zone
The zone of influence for choosing 1~5 kilometer of mineral resources construction project in nature reserve area, calculates separately different year mineral products
The variation of wild animal habitat area ratio, waters are occupied in the variation of facility resource spatial distribution sensitivity indices, mineral resources facility
Area ratio variation, Scenic Bridges variation, normalization coupling relationship and air pollution performance figure change 7 indexs, using moral
Er Feifa (also known as Experts consultation method) determines the weight of all kinds of indexs.
For the zone of influence of wild animal class protection zone, the Ecological Evaluation index and weight of mineral resources construction project
It is as follows:
16 mineral resources construction project of table is to wild animal class protection zone zone of influence Ecological Evaluation index and weight
Ecology influence index (Index of of the mineral resources construction project to the wild animal class protection zone zone of influence
Mineral Resources Impact Assessment for Wild Animal type Affected Areas) meter
Calculate model: IMAAA=X1×0.1+X2×0.2-X3×0.1+X4×0.15+X5×0.1+X6×0.15-X7×0.2
IMAAAAs mineral resources construction project is divided into 4 to the ecology influence degree of the wild animal class protection zone zone of influence
Grade is influenced substantially without influence, slightly, is significantly affected, extremely significant influence.Specifically it is shown in Table 17.
17 mineral resources construction project of table is to wild animal class protection zone zone of influence ecology influence grading
By taking Wulushan Nature Reserve nature reserve area as an example, Wulushan Nature Reserve Development in Nature Reserve construction activity ecology influence is commented
Valence:
(1) protection zone overview
Wulushan Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province Nature Reserve belongs to ecosystem-type nature reserve area, be located at Shanxi Province Pu County,
Xixian County is domestic, is located in Lvliang City, the south, mountain range, and geographical coordinate is 36 ° 23 ' 45 of north latitude "~36 ° 38 ' 20 ", 111 ° 2 '~111 ° of east longitude
18′.Protection zone afforestation rate 68%.1993 are established in, the nature reserve area of forest ecosystem type is belonged to, it is main to protect
Object is world's rare bird eared pheasani and Chinese endemic tree lacebark pine.The scondary forest based on Chinese pine is protected simultaneously, has day in area
Right more than 40000 mu of woods, 14000 mu of artificial forest, chief species are Chinese pine, birch, oak class.Wulushan Nature Reserve conservation of nature zone position and function
It is as shown in Figure 2 Butut to be distinguished.
(2) mineral resources construction project extracts
Radiation calibration, atmospheric correction, ortho-rectification, geometry essence school are carried out based on No. 1 remote sensing satellite 2m/8m image of high score
Just, image co-registration, image mosaic, image such as cut at the pretreatment, image after handle, and progress mineral resources construction project mentions
It takes.2006 and the difference of Wulushan Nature Reserve nature reserve area image in 2015 it is as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4.
Using the method for object oriented classification, nature reserve area mineral resources project remote sensing recognition is carried out.Mineral resources master
It is divided into stope, refuse dump, mining area workshop, mine road, Tailings Dam, transfer place and Subsided Reclamation Region.Pass through eCognition
Developer64 softwares complete multi-scale division processes, and segmentation scale uses 20, form parameter 0.1, and compact degree parameter is
0.5.After segmentation, mineral resources construction project information is extracted by rule set, with specific reference to index such as following table.
18 Wulushan Nature Reserve protection zone mineral resources construction project recognition rule collection of table
It interprets by visual observation, the above mineral resources construction project information extraction result is checked, it is existing to mistake point, leakage point
As being modified.
(3) mineral resources construction project dynamic monitoring
Using the above method, dynamic monitoring has been carried out to the mineral resources construction project in Wulushan Nature Reserve nature reserve area.Prison
Survey shows: since 2006, protection zone increases mineral resources construction project at 1 newly, and mineral resources construction project scale expands at also 2
Greatly, change point A, B, C position distribution as shown in figure 5, remote sensing monitoring result as shown in figs 6-8；
(4) Wulushan Nature Reserve protection zone mineral resources construction project Ecological Evaluation result
Increase mineral resources construction project A, core space and buffer area positioned at Wulushan Nature Reserve nature reserve area, face in protection zone newly
Product is 2.11 hectares, chooses 1 kilometer of periphery zone of influence and carries out Ecological Evaluation.2006 and two time items in 2015
Evaluation index the results are shown in Table 19.According to mineral resources construction project to the Ecological Evaluation method of ecosystem class protection zone and
Model is calculated, the results showed that mineral resources construction project A is 0.2078 to zone of influence ecology influence extent index.According to finger
Number grade scale, mineral resources construction project A slightly influence the ecological environment of the zone of influence.
19 mineral resources construction project A of table
Popularization mineral resources construction project B in protection zone, positioned at the test block of Wulushan Nature Reserve nature reserve area, area is
It 1.866 hectares, chooses 1 kilometer of periphery zone of influence and carries out Ecological Evaluation.2006 and two time items in 2015 are commented
Valence index the results are shown in Table 20.According to mineral resources construction project to the Ecological Evaluation method and mould of ecosystem class protection zone
Type is calculated, the results showed that mineral resources construction project B is 0.0095 to zone of influence ecology influence extent index.According to index
Grade scale, mineral resources construction project B is on the ecological environment of the zone of influence substantially without influence.
20 mineral resources construction project B of table
Popularization mineral resources construction project C in protection zone, positioned at the test block of Wulushan Nature Reserve nature reserve area, area is
It 1.79 hectares, chooses 1 kilometer of periphery zone of influence and carries out Ecological Evaluation.2006 and two time items evaluations in 2015
Index the results are shown in Table 22.According to mineral resources construction project to the Ecological Evaluation method of natural ecosystems class protection zone and
Model is calculated, the results showed that mineral resources construction project C is 0.0056 to zone of influence ecology influence extent index.According to finger
Number grade scale, mineral resources construction project C is on the ecological environment of the zone of influence substantially without influence.
22 mineral resources construction project C of table
Embodiment two:
The embodiment of the present invention two discloses a kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation system, including distant
Feeling recognition subsystem, item extraction subsystem, ecosystem protection zone influence Evaluation subsystem and wildlife reserve influences
Evaluation subsystem；As shown in Figure 9.
Wherein, remote sensing recognition subsystem, for obtaining remote sensing image；Item extraction subsystem includes: multi-scale division mould
Block, information extraction modules and protection zone type judging module；Multi-scale division module, for carrying out more rulers to remote sensing recognition image
Degree segmentation；Information extraction modules, for being extracted to evaluation index parameter；Protection zone type judging module, for required
The protection zone type of the zone of influence to be evaluated is judged；Ecosystem protection zone influences Evaluation subsystem and the conservation of wildlife
Area influences Evaluation subsystem and is respectively used to carry out the calculating of ecology influence index for different types of protection zone.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.For device disclosed in embodiment
For, since it is corresponded to the methods disclosed in the examples, so being described relatively simple, related place is said referring to method part
It is bright.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest scope of cause.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation method characterized by comprising
Step 1: the remote sensing image of nature reserve area is obtained, based on the remote sensing image for a Development in Nature Reserve construction
Project carries out remote sensing recognition, wherein the construction project includes road construction project, water resources and hydropower construction project and mineral resources
Construction project；
Step 2: the construction project of each type is equipped with different evaluation indexes for the difference of nature reserve area type；For
Two different times respectively calculate each evaluation index, and each evaluation for obtaining two different times refers to
The specific evaluation number of target, and specific index changing value is calculated according to the specific index described twice；
Step 3: the specific index changing value is substituted into Ecological Evaluation model to obtain the different construction projects
To the ecology influence index of the zone of influence, its influence degree is judged by the Intrusion Index.
2. a kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation method according to claim 1, feature exist
In,
Buffer area in nature reserve area for 1~5km near each construction project is as the zone of influence；Wherein, the nature
Protection zone type includes ecosystem class protection zone and wild animal class protection zone.
3. a kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation method according to claim 2, feature exist
In, road construction project to the Ecological Evaluation index of ecosystem class protection zone and wild animal class protection zone respectively such as
Under:
1. road construction project includes: to the Ecological Evaluation index of ecosystem class protection zone
The link length index, path space distribution sensitivity indices, advanced road for passing through the zone of influence occupy natural ecosystem
System area ratio, road width index, connectivity index and normalized differential vegetation index；
2. road construction project includes: to the Ecological Evaluation index of wild animal class protection zone
Pass through the link length index on animal habitat ground in the zone of influence, water surface area ratio, path space distribution sensitivity indices, high
Grade road with occupying wild animal habitat area ratio, road width index, connectivity index, animal habitat air pollutant
Volume index and normalized differential vegetation index；
Circular is as follows:
1. link length index
Calculation method: by link length divided by zone of influence area；
2. path space is distributed sensitivity indices
Calculation method: path space is distributed sensitivity indices=(core space link length * 0.6+ buffer area link length * 0.3+
Test block link length * 0.1)/road total length degree；
3. road width index
Calculation method: extracting road from image, will affect area boundary and road is overlapped, and utilizes GIS method choice road
Three sections measured, select three sections of road to be measured, use average value as road width, removed with the road width
With road construction project zone of influence area；
4. connectivity index
Calculation method:
In formula, cijkIndicate connection value of the patch j and patch k in given threshold value distance in patch class i, wherein be connected as 1, no
It is connected as 0, niIndicate the patch number of patch class i in landscape；
5. normalized differential vegetation index
Calculation method: NDVI=(NIR-R)/(NIR+R)；
In formula, NDVI is normalized differential vegetation index, and NIR is reflectivity of the vegetation in remote sensing image near infrared band, and R is that vegetation exists
The reflectivity of remote sensing image infrared band；
6. advanced road occupies natural ecosystems area ratio
Calculation method: the area of the natural ecosystems occupied with high-level road is divided by zone of influence area；
7. advanced road occupies wild animal habitat area ratio
Calculation method: the area of the wild animal habitat occupied with high-level road is divided by zone of influence area；
8. water surface area ratio
Calculation method: by water surface area divided by zone of influence area；
9. air pollution performance figure
Calculation method:
In formula, AQI is air pollution performance figure, ValueiFor the air quality index of pixel i, the corresponding AQI of a pixel
Value is then obtained by calculated with weighted average method but if a construction project covers multiple pixels.
4. a kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation method according to claim 2, feature exist
In water resources and hydropower construction project distinguishes the Ecological Evaluation index of ecosystem class protection zone and wild animal class protection zone
It is as follows:
1. water resources and hydropower construction project includes: to the Ecological Evaluation index of ecosystem class protection zone
The water conservancy and hydropower project area ratio of the zone of influence, water conservancy and hydropower project spatial distribution sensitivity indices, water conservancy and hydropower facility are invaded
Account for natural ecosystems area ratio, riveway dry-up percentage and Scenic Bridges；
2. water resources and hydropower construction project is to the Ecological Evaluation index of wild animal class protection zone
The water conservancy and hydropower project area ratio on animal habitat ground, water conservancy and hydropower project spatial distribution sensitivity indices, water in the zone of influence
Sharp hydroelectric facility with occupying wild animal habitat area ratio, Scenic Bridges and animal habitat air pollutant volume index；
Circular is as follows:
1. water conservancy and hydropower project area ratio
Calculation method: by water conservancy and hydropower project area divided by zone of influence area；
2. water conservancy and hydropower project spatial distribution sensitivity indices
Water conservancy and hydropower project space sensitive sex index=(buffer area core space water conservancy and hydropower project area * 0.6+ water conservancy and hydropower is set
Apply the test block project * 0.3+ water conservancy and hydropower project area * 0.1)/zone of influence area；
3. water conservancy and hydropower facility occupies natural ecosystems area ratio
Calculation method: the area of the natural ecosystems occupied with water conservancy and hydropower facility is divided by zone of influence area；
4. water conservancy and hydropower facility occupies wild animal habitat area ratio
Calculation method: the area of the wild animal habitat occupied with water conservancy and hydropower project is divided by zone of influence area；
5. riveway dry-up percentage
Calculation method:
In formula: CiFor river i cutout length percent, EiFor the riverbed length of exposure of river i, LiFor the total length of river i；
6. Scenic Bridges
Calculation method:
In formula, CiFor the degree of fragmentation of landscape i, NiFor the patch number of landscape i, AiFor the gross area of landscape i；
7. air pollution performance figure
Calculation method:
In formula, AQI is air pollution performance figure, ValueiFor the air quality index of pixel i, the corresponding AQI of a pixel
Value is then obtained by calculated with weighted average method but if a construction project covers multiple pixels.
5. a kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation method according to claim 2, feature exist
In mineral resources construction project distinguishes the Ecological Evaluation index of ecosystem class protection zone and wild animal class protection zone
It is as follows:
1. mineral resources construction project includes: to the Ecological Evaluation index of ecosystem class protection zone
The mineral resources project area ratio of the zone of influence, mineral resources facility space distribution sensitivity indices, mineral resources facility are invaded
Account for natural ecosystems area ratio, Scenic Bridges and normalized differential vegetation index；
2. mineral resources construction project includes: to the Ecological Evaluation index of wild animal class protection zone
The air pollution performance figure on zone of influence animal habitat ground, mineral resources project area ratio, water surface area ratio, mineral resources
Facility space distribution sensitivity indices, mineral resources facility occupy wild animal habitat area ratio, Scenic Bridges and normalizing
Change vegetation index；
Circular is as follows:
1. mineral resources project area ratio
Calculation method: by mineral resources project area divided by zone of influence area；
2. mineral resources project spatial distribution sensitivity indices
Calculation method: mineral resources project spatial distribution sensitivity indices=(core space mineral resources project area * 0.6+ buffering
The area test block mineral resources project area * 0.3+ mineral resources project area * 0.1)/zone of influence area；
3. mineral resources facility occupies natural ecosystems area ratio
Calculation method: the area of the natural ecosystems occupied with mineral resources project is divided by zone of influence area；
4. mineral resources facility occupies wild animal habitat area ratio
Calculation method: the area of the wild animal habitat occupied with mineral resources project is divided by zone of influence area；
5. Scenic Bridges
Calculation method:
In formula, CiFor the degree of fragmentation of landscape i, NiFor the patch number of landscape i, AiFor the gross area of landscape i；
6. normalized differential vegetation index
Calculation method: NDVI=(NIR-R)/(NIR+R)
In formula, NDVI is normalized differential vegetation index, and NIR is reflectivity of the vegetation in remote sensing image near infrared band, and R is that vegetation exists
The reflectivity of remote sensing image infrared band；
7. water surface area ratio
Calculation method: by water surface area divided by zone of influence area；
8. air pollution performance figure
Calculation method:
In formula, AQI is air pollution performance figure, ValueiFor the air quality index of pixel i, the corresponding AQI of a pixel
Value is then obtained by calculated with weighted average method but if a construction project covers multiple pixels.
6. a kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation method according to claim 3, feature exist
In computation model of the road construction project to the ecology influence index of the ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence:
IREAA=X1×0.2+X2×0.2+X3×0.3+X4×0.1+X5×0.1-X6×0.1
In above formula, X1For link length index variation, X2Sensitivity indices variation, X are distributed for path space3For advanced road
Occupy the variation of natural ecosystems area ratio, X4For road width index variation, X5For connectivity index variation, X6For normalization
Vegetation index variation；
Computation model of the road construction project to the ecology influence index of the wild animal class protection zone zone of influence:
IRAAA=X1×0.1-X2×0.1+X3×0.2+X4×0.1+X5×0.1+X6×0.1+X7×0.1+X8×0.2
In above formula, X1For link length index variation, X2It is water surface area than variation, X3Sensitivity indices are distributed for path space
Variation, X4The variation of wild animal habitat area ratio, X are occupied for advanced road5For road width index variation, X6For connection
Periodic index variation, X7For animal habitat air pollutant's volume index variation, X8For normalized differential vegetation index variation.
7. a kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation method according to claim 4, feature exist
In computation model of the water resources and hydropower construction project to the ecology influence index of the ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence:
IHEAA=X1×0.25+X2×0.25+X3×0.3+X4×0.1+X5×0.1
In above formula, X1For the variation of water conservancy and hydropower project area ratio, X2Change for water conservancy and hydropower project spatial distribution sensitivity indices,
X3The variation of natural ecosystems area ratio, X are occupied for water conservancy and hydropower facility4For the variation of riveway dry-up percentage and X5It is broken for landscape
Broken degree variation；
Computation model of the water resources and hydropower construction project to the ecology influence index of the wild animal class protection zone zone of influence:
IHAAA=X1×0.25+X2×0.25+X3×0.3+X4×0.1+X5×0.1
In above formula, X1For the variation of water conservancy and hydropower project area ratio, X2Change for water conservancy and hydropower project spatial distribution sensitivity indices,
X3The variation of wild animal habitat area ratio, X are occupied for water conservancy and hydropower facility4For Scenic Bridges variation and X5For animal habitat
The variation of ground air pollutant volume index.
8. a kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation method according to claim 5, feature exist
In computation model of the mineral resources construction project to the ecology influence index of the ecosystem class protection zone zone of influence:
IMEAA=X1×0.25+X2×0.25+X3×0.3+X4×0.1-X5×0.1
In above formula, X1For the variation of mineral resources project area ratio, X2Change for mineral resources facility space distribution sensitivity indices,
X3The variation of natural ecosystems area ratio, X are occupied for mineral resources facility4For Scenic Bridges variation and X5To normalize vegetation
Index variation；
Computation model of the mineral resources construction project to the ecology influence index of the wild animal class protection zone zone of influence:
IMAAA=X1×0.1+X2×0.2-X3×0.1+X4×0.15+X5×0.1+X6×0.15-X7×0.2
In above formula, X1For the variation of air pollution performance figure, X2For the variation of mineral resources project area ratio, X3For water surface area ratio
Variation, X4Sensitivity indices variation, X are distributed for mineral resources facility space5Wild animal habitat is occupied for mineral resources facility
Area ratio variation, X6For Scenic Bridges variation and X7For normalized differential vegetation index variation.
9. a kind of Development in Nature Reserve construction project Ecological Evaluation system, it is characterised in that: including remote sensing recognition subsystem
System, item extraction subsystem, ecosystem protection zone influence Evaluation subsystem and wildlife reserve influence Evaluation subsystem；
The remote sensing recognition subsystem, for obtaining remote sensing image；
The item extraction subsystem includes: multi-scale division module, information extraction modules and protection zone type judging module；
The multi-scale division module, for carrying out multi-scale division to remote sensing recognition image；
The protection zone type judging module, the protection zone type for the zone of influence to required evaluation judge；
The information extraction modules, for being extracted to evaluation index parameter；
The ecosystem protection zone, which influences Evaluation subsystem and the wildlife reserve, to be influenced Evaluation subsystem and uses respectively
In the calculating for carrying out ecology influence index for different types of protection zone.
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Application publication date: 20190917 |