CN111647836A - Steel wire alloy coating and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Steel wire alloy coating and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111647836A CN111647836A CN202010589706.1A CN202010589706A CN111647836A CN 111647836 A CN111647836 A CN 111647836A CN 202010589706 A CN202010589706 A CN 202010589706A CN 111647836 A CN111647836 A CN 111647836A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
- C22C18/04—Alloys based on zinc with aluminium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/38—Wires; Tubes
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Abstract
A steel wire alloy coating and a preparation method and application thereof are disclosed, wherein the alloy coating comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 69.8-95.48% of Zn, 4-22% of Al, 0.5-6% of Mg, 0.01-1.5% of Si and 0.01-0.7% of Ce; the sum of the mass percentages is 100 percent. The steel wire Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Ce alloy coating for the hot-dip coated bridge cable has bright and smooth surface and good adhesiveness, and does not generate plating leakage; according to the Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Ce alloy coating, the thickness of the coating is thinner than that of the Zn-Al-Mg alloy coating, the bonding strength of the coating and a substrate is high, and the zinc consumption and the production cost are reduced; on the premise of fully ensuring the mechanical property of the steel wire, the Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Ce alloy coating further improves the corrosion resistance compared with the current mainstream zinc-aluminum alloy coating, meets the service comprehensive performance requirement of the bridge cable steel wire in a complex environment, and has wide market prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of steel wire plating layers and preparation methods thereof, and particularly relates to a steel wire alloy plating layer and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The large-span bridge mainly comprises structures such as beams, cables, towers and the like, wherein the bridge cables mainly comprise high-strength steel wires or steel wire products and are important components for bearing weight and transferring load. The bridge cable is in a moist and oxygen-containing electrolyte environment for a long time, is easy to corrode and even completely destroy, and greatly reduces the service life. The corrosion protection of bridge cables is one of the key technologies for prolonging and guaranteeing the safety life of structural bridges, and hot-dip galvanizing and alloy thereof are the most economical and common corrosion protection methods for steel materials.
At present, the mainstream hot-dip Zn-Al alloy coating bridge cable steel wire has Zn cathode protection and Al passivation protection, and the corrosion resistance is improved by 2-4 times compared with the traditional pure Zn coating. However, with the environmental pollution and the increasing scale of bridge construction, and the bridge cable is always under the stress action of static load and dynamic load, it is difficult to meet the requirement of the bridge cable for one hundred years of service life. In order to further improve the corrosion resistance and quality appearance of the coating, Al element and Mg element are simultaneously added into the zinc liquid, so that the diffusion of dissolved oxygen in a corrosion medium can be controlled, intercrystalline corrosion is inhibited, crystal grains are refined, and Zn/MgZn appears in the coating2Binary eutectic structure and Zn/Al/MgZn2The corrosion resistance of the plating layer can be greatly improved due to the ternary eutectic structure. At present, the research on hot dip plating of a Zn-Al-Mg alloy coating is mainly focused on low carbon steel plates, the hot dip plating temperature is 500-800 ℃, and the hot dip plating needs to be carried out at a lower temperature in order to ensure the strength and the torsion performance of the bridge cable steel wire. And with the increase of the Mg content, the fluidity of a molten pool is deteriorated, the surface quality of a plating layer is difficult to control, and the thickness of the plating layer is thicker and the workability of the plating layer is poorer. The research shows that the addition of Si element can improve the uniformity of the coating and reduceThe defect degree of cracks, air holes and the like is reduced, the bonding property of the plating layer and the substrate is improved, and the corrosion resistance of the plating layer is improved. On one hand, the addition of a small amount of RE can improve the fluidity of a molten pool, shear a thin coating and reduce the loss and the production cost; on the other hand, RE can improve the wetting ability of the plating solution, reduce plating leakage, enhance the bonding strength of the plating layer and the substrate and improve the processability of the plating layer; in addition, RE has the function of purifying and strengthening the grain boundary, can reduce the intergranular corrosion rate, and further improves the corrosion resistance of the plating layer.
In order to develop a hot-dip plated steel wire coating for a bridge cable with high corrosion resistance, good quality appearance and excellent mechanical property, the research prepares a hot-dip plated Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Ce alloy coated steel wire by adding Al, Mg, Si and Ce elements into a zinc bath, and researches the preparation process and the performance of the hot-dip plated Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Ce alloy coated steel wire.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the invention provides a steel wire alloy coating and a preparation method and application thereof.
The technical scheme is as follows: a steel wire alloy coating is characterized in that the alloy coating comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 69.8-95.48% of Zn, 4-22% of Al, 0.5-6% of Mg, 0.01-1.5% of Si and 0.01-0.7% of Ce; the sum of the mass percentages is 100 percent.
Preferably, the thickness of the alloy plating layer is 20 to 100 μm.
The preparation method of the steel wire alloy coating comprises the following steps: (1) taking a high-carbon steel wire as a sample, polishing the high-carbon steel wire by using sand paper to remove rust on the surface of the high-carbon steel wire, and preparing hot-dip coating alloy liquid according to chemical components of an alloy coating; (2) putting the sample into 15wt.% NaOH solution for alkali washing and degreasing treatment, wherein the alkali washing temperature is 40 ℃, the alkali washing time is 3min, and taking out the sample and washing the sample with clean water; (3) placing the sample subjected to alkali washing into 15wt.% of HCl solution for acid washing and rust removing treatment, wherein the acid washing temperature is 40 ℃, the acid washing time is 3min, and taking out the sample and washing the sample with clean water; (4) putting the pickled sample into a plating assistant agent for plating assistant treatment, wherein the plating assistant temperature is 80 ℃, and the plating assistant time is 3 min; (5) putting the sample into a drying oven, and drying at 100 ℃ for 3min to remove the surface moisture of the sample; (6) and drying the sample, taking out the sample, performing hot dip coating at the temperature of 425-475 ℃ for 60-120 s, and cooling to obtain the hot dip Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Ce alloy coated steel wire.
Preferably, the method for preparing the hot dip alloying solution in the step (1) comprises the following steps: heating a resistance furnace to 200 ℃, placing the resistance furnace into a crucible for drying for 2h, heating to 450 ℃, adding a pure zinc ingot until the pure zinc ingot is completely melted, heating to 650 ℃, adding a pure aluminum ingot by a pressing-in method, preserving heat for 20min after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding a pure magnesium ingot wrapped by aluminum foil by the pressing-in method, adding an Al-10Si intermediate alloy after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, adding a covering agent, preserving heat for 30min, heating to 820 ℃, adding pure cerium by the pressing-in method, adding the covering agent, preserving heat for 30min, removing surface scum, and stirring for 30min at a constant speed by using a graphite rod to obtain the hot-dip alloy plating solution.
Preferably, the covering agent is an industrially produced RJ-5 flux.
Preferably, in the step (4), the plating assistant agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ZnCl210～30％，NH4Cl 5～15％，SnCl25～10％，CeCl20.1～1％，CH35-10% of OH and the balance of water.
Preferably, the hot dip plating method in the step (6) is single plating by a solvent method.
Preferably, in the cooling method in the step (6), after the alloy liquid on the surface of the sample is solidified after the hot dip coating, the sample is put into water to be cooled and then dried.
The alloy plating layer is applied to preparing steel wires for bridge cables.
Has the advantages that: 1. the steel wire Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Ce alloy coating for the hot-dip coated bridge cable has bright and smooth surface and good adhesiveness, and does not generate plating leakage; 2. according to the Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Ce alloy coating, the thickness of the coating is thinner than that of the Zn-Al-Mg alloy coating, the bonding strength of the coating and a substrate is high, and the zinc consumption and the production cost are reduced; 3. on the premise of fully ensuring the mechanical property of the steel wire, the Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Ce alloy coating further improves the corrosion resistance compared with the current mainstream zinc-aluminum alloy coating, meets the service comprehensive performance requirement of the bridge cable steel wire in a complex environment, and has wide market prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional structure of an alloy plating layer prepared after plating treatment with plating assistant agent No. 3 in example 3.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a steel wire Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Ce alloy coating for a hot-dip coated bridge cable comprises the following steps:
(1) taking a high-carbon steel wire, polishing the high-carbon steel wire by sand paper to remove surface rust, and preparing hot dip coating alloy liquid with the components of Zn-5% of Al-1.5% of Mg-xSi (x is 0, 0.01, 0.2 and 0.4%);
(2) putting the sample into 15wt.% NaOH solution for alkali washing and degreasing treatment, wherein the alkali washing temperature is 40 ℃, the alkali washing time is 3min, and the sample is taken out and washed by clean water for about 1 min;
(3) placing the sample subjected to alkali washing into 15wt.% of HCl solution for acid washing and rust removing treatment, wherein the acid washing temperature is 40 ℃, the acid washing time is 3min, and washing the sample with clear water for about 1min after the sample is taken out;
(4) putting the pickled sample into a plating assistant agent for plating assistant treatment, wherein the plating assistant agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ZnCl215％，NH4Cl 10％，SnCl27％，CeCl20.5％，CH3OH5 percent and the balance of water, wherein the plating assisting temperature is 80 ℃, and the plating assisting time is 3 min;
(5) putting the sample into a drying oven, and drying at 100 ℃ for 3min to remove the surface moisture of the sample;
(6) and (3) drying the sample, taking out and carrying out hot dip coating, wherein the hot dip coating temperature is 425 ℃, the hot dip coating time is 80s, and cooling to obtain the hot dip Zn-5% Al-1.5% Mg-xSi (x is 0, 0.01, 0.2 and 0.4%) alloy coating steel wire.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a steel wire Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Ce alloy coating for a hot-dip coated bridge cable comprises the following steps:
(1) taking a high-carbon steel wire, polishing the high-carbon steel wire by using sand paper to remove surface rust, and preparing a hot dip coating alloy solution with the components of Zn, 5 percent of Al, 3.0 percent of Mg, 0.2 percent of Si, xCe (x is 0.05, 0.25 and 0.50 percent);
(2) putting the sample into 15wt.% NaOH solution for alkali washing and degreasing treatment, wherein the alkali washing temperature is 40 ℃, the alkali washing time is 3min, and the sample is taken out and washed by clean water for about 1 min;
(3) placing the sample subjected to alkali washing into 15wt.% of HCl solution for acid washing and rust removing treatment, wherein the acid washing temperature is 40 ℃, the acid washing time is 3min, and washing the sample with clear water for about 1min after the sample is taken out;
(4) putting the pickled sample into a plating assistant agent for plating assistant treatment, wherein the plating assistant agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ZnCl212％，NH4Cl 10％，SnCl29％，CeCl20.5％，CH3OH5 percent and the balance of water, wherein the plating assisting temperature is 80 ℃, and the plating assisting time is 3 min;
(5) putting the sample into a drying oven, and drying at 100 ℃ for 3min to remove the surface moisture of the sample;
(6) and (3) drying the sample, taking out and carrying out hot dip coating, wherein the hot dip coating temperature is 450 ℃, the hot dip coating time is 60s, and cooling to obtain the hot dip Zn-5% Al-3.0% Mg-0.2% Si-xCe (x is 0.05, 0.25 and 0.50%) alloy coated steel wire.
Example 3:
a preparation method of a steel wire Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Ce alloy coating for a hot-dip coated bridge cable comprises the following steps:
(1) taking a high-carbon steel wire, polishing the high-carbon steel wire by using sand paper to remove surface rust, and preparing hot dip coating alloy liquid with the components of Zn, 5 percent of Al, 3.0 percent of Mg, 0.2 percent of Si and 0.25 percent of Ce;
(2) putting the sample into 15wt.% NaOH solution for alkali washing and degreasing treatment, wherein the alkali washing temperature is 40 ℃, the alkali washing time is 3min, and the sample is taken out and washed by clean water for about 1 min;
(3) placing the sample subjected to alkali washing into 15wt.% of HCl solution for acid washing and rust removing treatment, wherein the acid washing temperature is 40 ℃, the acid washing time is 3min, and washing the sample with clear water for about 1min after the sample is taken out;
(4) putting the pickled sample into 3 plating assistant agents with different components for plating assistant treatment, wherein the plating assistant agents comprise the following components in percentage by mass in a number 1: ZnCl240％，NH4Cl 10% and the balance of water; 2 #: ZnCl211％，NH4Cl 10％，SnCl25 percent of water, and the balance of water; 3 #: ZnCl212％，NH4Cl 10％，SnCl29％，CeCl20.5％，CH3OH 5% and the balance of water. The plating assisting temperature is 80 ℃, and the plating assisting time is 3 min;
(5) putting the sample into a drying oven, and drying at 100 ℃ for 3min to remove the surface moisture of the sample;
(6) and drying the sample, taking out the sample for hot dipping at 475 ℃ for 120s, and cooling to obtain the hot-dipped Zn-5% Al-3.0% Mg-0.2% Si-0.25% Ce alloy plated steel wire.
The invention analyzes the surface quality and the corrosion resistance of the plating layers with different component proportions, and the table 1 shows the comparison result of the performances of the plating layers with different components, and the table 1 shows that the addition of Si element and Ce element into a Zn-Al-Mg alloy molten pool can improve the fluidity of the molten pool, shear the thin plating layer and reduce the zinc consumption and the production cost; the corrosion resistance of the coating is increased and then reduced along with the increase of the Si content, and the corrosion resistance of the Zn-5% Al-3.0% Mg-0.2% Si-0.25% Ce alloy coating is the best; the Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Ce alloy plating steel wire for the hot-dip coated bridge cable, which is prepared by the invention, has the strength loss within 5 percent, and meets the comprehensive performance requirements of high strength and high corrosion resistance of the modern bridge cable. Table 2 shows the performance comparison results of Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Ce alloy coatings prepared by different plating aids, and it can be seen from table 2 that, for the Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Ce alloy coating of the steel wire for the hot-dip coated bridge cable of the present invention, the plating aids are selected from the following components in percentage by mass: ZnCl210～30％，NH4Cl 5～15％，SnCl25～10％，CeCl20.1～1％，CH35-10% of OH and the balance of waterThe plating assisting process with the plating assisting temperature of 80 ℃ and the plating assisting time of 3min can obtain a plating layer with bright and smooth surface, good adhesiveness and no plating leakage.
TABLE 1 comparison of coating Properties for different compositions
TABLE 2 comparison of the performances of Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Ce alloy coatings prepared with different plating aids
Note: the components of three different plating assistants are 1 #: ZnCl240％，NH4Cl 10% and the balance of water; 2 #: ZnCl211％，NH4Cl 10％，SnCl25 percent of water, and the balance of water; 3 #: ZnCl212％，NH4Cl 10％，SnCl29％，CeCl20.5％，CH3OH 5% and the balance of water.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A steel wire alloy coating is characterized in that the alloy coating comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: zn69.8-95.48%, Al 4-22%, Mg 0.5-6%, Si 0.01-1.5%, Ce 0.01-0.7%; the sum of the mass percentages is 100 percent.
2. The steel wire alloy coating according to claim 1, wherein the alloy coating has a thickness of 20 to 100 μm.
3. A method of producing a steel wire alloy coating according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the steps of: (1) taking a high-carbon steel wire as a sample, polishing the high-carbon steel wire by using sand paper to remove rust on the surface of the high-carbon steel wire, and preparing hot-dip coating alloy liquid according to chemical components of an alloy coating; (2) putting the sample into 15wt.% NaOH solution for alkali washing and degreasing treatment, wherein the alkali washing temperature is 40 ℃, the alkali washing time is 3min, and taking out the sample and washing the sample with clean water; (3) placing the sample subjected to alkali washing into 15wt.% of HCl solution for acid washing and rust removing treatment, wherein the acid washing temperature is 40 ℃, the acid washing time is 3min, and taking out the sample and washing the sample with clean water; (4) putting the pickled sample into a plating assistant agent for plating assistant treatment, wherein the plating assistant temperature is 80 ℃, and the plating assistant time is 3 min; (5) putting the sample into a drying oven, and drying at 100 ℃ for 3min to remove the surface moisture of the sample; (6) and drying the sample, taking out the sample, performing hot dip coating at the temperature of 425-475 ℃ for 60-120 s, and cooling to obtain the hot dip Zn-Al-Mg-Si-Ce alloy coated steel wire.
4. The method for preparing a steel wire alloy coating according to claim 3, wherein the hot dip alloying solution of step (1) is prepared by: heating a resistance furnace to 200 ℃, placing the resistance furnace into a crucible for drying for 2h, heating to 450 ℃, adding a pure zinc ingot until the pure zinc ingot is completely melted, heating to 650 ℃, adding a pure aluminum ingot by a pressing-in method, preserving heat for 20min after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding a pure magnesium ingot wrapped by aluminum foil by the pressing-in method, adding an Al-10Si intermediate alloy after the magnesium ingot is completely melted, adding a covering agent, preserving heat for 30min, heating to 820 ℃, adding pure cerium by the pressing-in method, adding the covering agent, preserving heat for 30min, removing surface scum, and stirring for 30min at a constant speed by using a graphite rod to obtain the hot-dip alloy plating solution.
5. The method for preparing steel wire alloy coating according to claim 4, wherein the covering agent is RJ-5 flux produced in industry.
6. The preparation method of the steel wire alloy coating according to claim 3, wherein the plating assistant agent in the step (4) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ZnCl210~30%，NH4Cl 5~15%，SnCl25~10%，CeCl20.1~1%，CH3OH 5-10%, and the balance being water.
7. The method for preparing a steel wire alloy coating according to claim 3, wherein the hot dip coating method in the step (6) is single solvent coating.
8. The method for preparing a steel wire alloy coating according to claim 3, wherein the cooling method in the step (6) is to solidify the alloy liquid on the surface of the sample after hot dipping, and the sample is placed into water to be cooled and dried.
9. Use of the alloy coating according to claim 1 or 2 for the production of steel wires for bridge cables.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101948990A (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2011-01-19 | 东北大学 | Electrolytic plating assisting method for hot dip galvanizing of steel wire and electrolytic plating assistant |
| CN104532176A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-22 | 东北大学 | Method for hot dipping by virtue of adopting zinc-aluminum-silicon-magnesium-rare earth hot dipping raw materials |
| CN109252125A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-22 | 东南大学 | A kind of hot galvanizing almag coating and its preparation method and application |
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2020
- 2020-06-24 CN CN202010589706.1A patent/CN111647836A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101948990A (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2011-01-19 | 东北大学 | Electrolytic plating assisting method for hot dip galvanizing of steel wire and electrolytic plating assistant |
| CN104532176A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-22 | 东北大学 | Method for hot dipping by virtue of adopting zinc-aluminum-silicon-magnesium-rare earth hot dipping raw materials |
| CN109252125A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-22 | 东南大学 | A kind of hot galvanizing almag coating and its preparation method and application |
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Application publication date: 20200911 |