CN111646851A - 一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111646851A CN111646851A CN202010618722.9A CN202010618722A CN111646851A CN 111646851 A CN111646851 A CN 111646851A CN 202010618722 A CN202010618722 A CN 202010618722A CN 111646851 A CN111646851 A CN 111646851A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fertilizer
- dry powder
- humic acid
- sulfate
- yellow humic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
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Abstract
本发明涉及肥料技术领域,具体为一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料及其制备方法;所述颗料肥料由以下组分制成:黄腐植酸干粉、大量元素肥料、微量元素肥料及微生物菌剂;所述大量元素肥料为硫酸钾、硝酸钾、氯化钾、硫酸铵、氯化铵、尿素、磷酸铵中的一种或几种;所述微量元素肥料为硫酸锌、硫酸镁、硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁、硼酸中的一种或几种,所述黄腐植酸干粉采用生物源黄腐植酸干粉或矿物源黄腐植酸干粉;本发明可减少肥料浪费,提高肥料利用率;避免肥料飞扬到植物上造成伤害;避免肥料飞扬到施工人员身上造成伤害;用于冲施或滴灌时,可以避免肥料团聚,减少搅拌强度,减轻劳动强度;营养全面,可根据不同的作物及作物不同的生长期添加合适的大量元素、中微量元素。满足植物生产需要;添加微生物,改善植物根部环境,提高作物抗逆性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及肥料技术领域,具体为一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料及其制备方法。
背景技术
水溶性肥料是一种能够完全溶解于水的多元素复合型肥料,相对于传统的过磷酸钙、造粒复合肥等非肥料和缓释品种,由于其具有速溶、吸收率高、见效快、无残渣、施用方便等显著优点,得到了迅猛的发展。特别是在面对温室效应所带来的日趋严重的环境保护及水资源匮乏的情况下,滴灌系统、喷施喷灌等具有显著节水、节能功能的新型施肥方式开始得到推广应用,使农业施肥者对肥料的认识发生了根本的变化。水溶性复合肥作为目前灌溉肥的主流,可以节水、节肥、节省工时。
腐植酸作为一种绿色的有机物质,其原料易得且不产生二次污染,在农业上对改良土壤、提高作物抗逆性、提高肥料利用率、改善农产品品质等具有重要的应用价值。随着我国绿色环保产业和全球低碳经济的发展,腐植酸类技术和产品的市场空间巨大,腐植酸类新型肥料产业将赢来更好的发展。
目前黄腐植酸干粉及普通水溶肥料存在以下缺点:
1、养分单一:黄腐植酸干粉虽然具有强大的功能,但不能满足植物生长的各种元素需要。现有的水溶肥料生产中配方单一,主要为化学肥料,长期使用会导致土地板结、土壤肥力下降等一系列严重的问题,影响肥料的吸收利用,且肥效低。
2、使用不方便:黄腐植酸干粉是一种较轻较细的粉末状易吸潮产品,容重0.3-0.5g/ml,目数200-300。使用时粉末飞扬粘在作物叶片上,造成伤害,也容易飘移到施用人身上。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料及其制备方法,以解决上述背景技术中所提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料,所述颗料肥料由以下组分制成:黄腐植酸干粉、大量元素肥料、微量元素肥料及微生物菌剂;所述大量元素肥料为硫酸钾、硝酸钾、氯化钾、硫酸铵、氯化铵、尿素、磷酸铵中的一种或几种;所述微量元素肥料为硫酸锌、硫酸镁、硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁、硼酸中的一种或几种,所述黄腐植酸干粉采用生物源黄腐植酸干粉或矿物源黄腐植酸干粉。
进一步的,所述颗料肥料由以下组分按重量百分比制成:黄腐植酸干粉1%~100%、硫酸钾0%~50%、硝酸钾0%~50%、硫酸铵0%~50%、尿素0%~30%、磷酸一铵0%~15%、硫酸锌0%~3.5%、硫酸镁0%~5%、硼酸0%~1.2%、微生物菌剂0%~1%。
优选的,所述颗料肥料由以下组分按重量百分比制成:黄腐植酸干粉45%,硫酸钾12%、硝酸钾15%、硫酸铵10%、尿素10%、磷酸一铵6%、硫酸锌0.5%、硫酸镁0.5%、硼酸0.7%、微生物菌剂0.3%。
本发明采用的一种方式,所述生物源黄腐植酸干粉通过以下步骤制作而成:
S1:将糖蜜发酵酒精(酵母)废液浓缩到固含量为30%~35%之间,加入葡萄糖1.5%,尿素1%,待用;
S2:向上述物料接入5%~10%复合菌种,发酵温度30℃~36℃,发酵时间72h~84h;
S3:将发酵物进一步浓缩至固含量65%~70%之间,将浓缩液用喷雾干燥工艺直接干燥得粉末状黄腐植酸干粉。
本发明采用的另一种方式,所述矿物源黄腐植酸干粉的制作方法是在煤粉中加入过氧化氢、硝酸钠、固体酸催化剂及氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾搅拌成混合溶液,对混合溶液分离除渣得腐植酸溶液,向腐植酸溶液中加入强酸型阳离子交换树脂中和至PH值为5,过滤除去离子交换树脂及生成的少量沉淀,得到黄腐植酸干粉溶液,对溶液减压至固含量为10%,喷雾干燥即得到粉状黄腐植酸干粉。
具体的,所述微生物菌剂包括枯草芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌、胶冻样芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉FMJ1、胶质芽孢杆菌及细黄链霉菌,所述各类菌剂的重量百分比为:枯草芽孢杆菌20%~40%、植物乳杆菌10%~15%、胶冻样芽孢杆菌10%~15%、黑曲霉FMJ1 15%~20%、胶质芽孢杆菌10%~15%、细黄链霉菌10%~15%。
进一步的,所述微生物菌剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)先将菌剂载体加热125℃,进行灭菌处理,然后自然冷却至室温,得到灭菌载体;
2)将灭菌载体与各菌种混合,加入到搅拌罐中,在搅拌罐中35转/分钟均匀搅拌8分钟,得到混合培养基;
3)将混合培养基加入到培养皿中,加入无菌水,振荡搅拌,然后在加入海藻酸纳和聚丙烯醇溶液,进行培养,得到培养溶液;
4)将培养溶液通过磁力搅拌均匀后,分批次快速加入到无菌氯化钙和无菌硼酸溶液中,进行交联固化,得到凝胶球;取出凝胶球进行冻干处理,即可得到菌剂颗粒。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料,其特征在于:所述菌剂载体采用玉米芯,将玉米芯进行粉碎到90-100目的细粉,将玉米芯粉平铺至阴凉通风处凉干。
在本发明中,一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料制备方法,将黄腐植酸干粉、硫酸钾、硝酸钾、硫酸铵、尿素、磷酸一铵、硫酸锌、硫酸镁、硼酸、微生物菌剂按比例在搅拌机中混合搅拌均匀后进入对辊挤压机造粒,颗粒进入整形机对颗粒进行整形,整形后的颗粒进入精细筛分机进行颗粒筛分,最后对经过筛分后的颗粒进行包装成品。
黄腐植酸干粉是一种无定型的、多种高分子物质的混合物,具有离子交换、吸附、络合、絮凝等多种功能。可作为陶瓷添加剂、软水染色剂、离子交换剂、锅炉水处理剂等应用于工业中,在农业上主要作为农药增效剂、营养土添加剂,生根和壮根肥添加剂、土壤改良剂、植物生长调节剂、抗寒剂、抗旱剂、复合肥增效剂等,可以有效提高农产品的产量和质量。归纳起来,黄腐植酸干粉在农业上有八大作用:
(一)保水抗旱
黄腐植酸干粉是具有胶体性的有机物质,它能使土壤疏松,吸附水量大,适气增湿,养墒、抗旱。
(二)改良盐碱地
黄腐植酸干粉的分子量小,活性较高,可螯合土壤中的金属阳离子。从而降低土壤中盐的浓度,减少盐类对种子和幼苗的危害,改良盐碱地。
(三)调节土壤PH值
黄腐植酸官能团比较多,黄腐植酸干粉和黄腐植酸干粉盐互相转化,形成一个缓冲系统,从而起到调节土壤PH的作用。
(四)防重金属污染
黄腐植酸干粉能络合重金属离子生成难溶的络合物,从而减轻土壤重金属的污染,防止它们进入生物循环。
(五)提高肥效
1、固氮:氮元素施到土壤中,很容易挥发到大气中或随水土流失到河流中。黄腐植酸干粉能够吸附土壤中的氮元素,减少它的挥发和流失,提高了利用率;
2、解隣:磷元素施到土壤中,容易被土壤固定。黄腐植酸干粉能够通过与磷元素的螫合,将磷元素从土壤中解放出来,用于植物的吸收,提高了磷的利用率
3、活化钾:施到土壤中的钾元素大多以钾盐的形式存在,不能直接被作物吸收。黄腐植酸干粉能够通过离子交换功能,使难溶性钾转化为可溶性钾,增加土壤中的有效钾,提高钾的利用率
4、微肥:作物能与难溶性微量元素发生螯合反应,生成溶解性好可被作物吸收的植酸微量元素螯合物,从而有利于根系和叶面吸收微量元素
(六)增强作物抗逆机理
黄腐植酸干粉含有多种羧基、酚羟基等含氧官能团,具有较高的生理活性。可提高植物体内ABA含量(脱落酸)及SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、CAT(过氧化氢酶)的含量。减少水份蒸腾,促进脯氨酸等调渗物质的积累,使植株保持较多水份;同时促进根系发育,提高根系活力,使作物在干旱条件下能吸收更多的水份和养料;提高植物抗旱、抗寒、抗病能力。
(七)改善农产品品质
黄腐植酸干粉加强酶对糖分、淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪及各种维生素的合成运转。可刺激多糖酶的活性,使多糖转化为可溶性单糖,从而提高果实甜度;提高烟叶中总糖与烟碱及钾、氯的比值,改善烟叶品质;提高西瓜、哈密瓜等瓜果中总含糖量及维生素C含量。
(八)刺激植物生长
黄腐植酸干粉类似植物体内源激素,能够促进种子萌发、根生长、果实着色早熟。具体表现在:
1、促进根的生长和活性,类似生长素效果。
2、促进种子萌发、出苗整齐和幼苗生长,类似赤霉素的效果。
3、使叶片增大、增厚、保绿,下部叶片衰老推迟,类似细胞分裂素的作用。
4、使气孔缩小、蒸腾作用降低,类似脱落酸的作用。
5、使果实提前着色、成熟,类似乙烯催熟作用。
6、促进细胞分裂和细胞生长、分化等方面的作用,类似两种以上植物激素的作用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明是利用黄腐植酸干粉的特殊功效与大量元素、微量元素的不可或缺性,根据不同作物的生长需要,科学配比,相辅相成。达到提高大量元素利用率、减少肥料用量、提高作物品质的目的。
2.本发明是将较轻较细产品性状制成颗粒,无论撒施、冲施都比原粉状产品具有很大的便利。而且减少物料浪费,避免作物、人身伤害。
3.本发明用于冲施或滴灌时,可以避免肥料团聚,减少搅拌强度,减轻劳动强度。
4、本发明添加微生物,改善植物根部环境,提高作物抗逆性。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明以下实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一:
一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料,所述颗料肥料由以下组分按重量百分比制成:黄腐植酸干粉1%,硫酸钾25%、硝酸钾25%、硫酸铵20%、尿素15%、磷酸一铵6%、硫酸锌3.5%、硫酸镁3%、硼酸1.2%、微生物菌剂0.3%,所述黄腐植酸干粉采用生物源黄腐植酸干粉或矿物源黄腐植酸干粉。
黄腐植酸颗粒肥料制备方法,将黄腐植酸干粉、硫酸钾、硝酸钾、硫酸铵、尿素、磷酸一铵、硫酸锌、硫酸镁、硼酸、微生物菌剂按比例在搅拌机中混合搅拌均匀后进入对辊挤压机造粒,造粒进入整形机对颗粒进行整形,整形后的颗粒进入精细筛分机进行颗粒筛分,最后对经过筛分后的颗粒进行包装成品。
本实施例一的黄腐植酸干粉的含量最少,因此对作物发挥的作用最小。
实施例二:
一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料,所述颗料肥料由以下组分按重量百分比制成:黄腐植酸干粉92%,硫酸钾0%、硝酸钾0%、硫酸铵0%、尿素0%、磷酸一铵0%、硫酸锌1%、硫酸镁5%、硼酸1%、微生物菌剂1%,所述黄腐植酸干粉采用生物源黄腐植酸干粉或矿物源黄腐植酸干粉。颗粒肥料的制作方法与实施例一相同。
实施例三:
一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料,所述颗料肥料由以下组分按重量百分比制成:黄腐植酸干粉100%,硫酸钾0%、硝酸钾0%、硫酸铵0%、尿素0%、磷酸一铵0%、硫酸锌0%、硫酸镁0%、硼酸0%、微生物菌剂0%,所述黄腐植酸干粉采用生物源黄腐植酸干粉或矿物源黄腐植酸干粉。颗粒肥料的制作方法与实施例一相同。
实施例四:
一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料,所述颗料肥料由以下组分按重量百分比制成:黄腐植酸干粉46%,硫酸钾50%、硝酸钾0%、硫酸铵0%、尿素0%、磷酸一铵0%、硫酸锌1.5%、硫酸镁1%、硼酸1%、微生物菌剂0.5%,所述黄腐植酸干粉采用生物源黄腐植酸干粉或矿物源黄腐植酸干粉。颗粒肥料的制作方法与实施例一相同。
实施例五:
一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料,所述颗料肥料由以下组分按重量百分比制成:黄腐植酸干粉46%,硫酸钾10%、硝酸钾0%、硫酸铵30%、尿素5%、磷酸一铵5%、硫酸锌1.5%、硫酸镁1%、硼酸1%、微生物菌剂0.5%,所述黄腐植酸干粉采用生物源黄腐植酸干粉或矿物源黄腐植酸干粉。颗粒肥料的制作方法与实施例一相同。
实施例六:
一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料,所述颗料肥料由以下组分按重量百分比制成:黄腐植酸干粉45%,硫酸钾12%、硝酸钾15%、硫酸铵10%、尿素10%、磷酸一铵6%、硫酸锌0.5%、硫酸镁0.5%、硼酸0.7%、微生物菌剂0.3%,所述黄腐植酸干粉采用生物源黄腐植酸干粉或矿物源黄腐植酸干粉。颗粒肥料的制作方法与实施例一相同。
将实施例一至六所得到的黄腐植酸干粉颗粒肥料分别用于施种蔬菜(包括番茄、青椒、青瓜、南瓜、西瓜)、喷施水果(荔枝和香蕉)以及用于土地施肥等;通过使用后显示:蔬菜类,病虫害少,产品纤维素少,为无低害产品;荔枝果皮漂亮,裂果少,落果特别少,比不喷施本发明的落果少1/3,香蕉少发黄芯病;使用到土地中能改变土地的酸碱度,防止土地板结,有改土功能,在六个实施例中,效果最好的为实施例二,然后到实施例三和实施例四,因此,本发明在实际实施过程中,首选实施例二、实施例三、实施例四及实施例五。
尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料,其特征在于:所述颗料肥料由以下组分制成:黄腐植酸干粉、大量元素肥料、微量元素肥料及微生物菌剂;所述大量元素肥料为硫酸钾、硝酸钾、氯化钾、硫酸铵、氯化铵、尿素、磷酸铵中的一种或几种;所述微量元素肥料为硫酸锌、硫酸镁、硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁、硼酸中的一种或几种,所述黄腐植酸干粉采用生物源黄腐植酸干粉或矿物源黄腐植酸干粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料,其特征在于:
所述颗料肥料由以下组分按重量百分比制成:黄腐植酸干粉1%~100%、硫酸钾0%~50%、硝酸钾0%~50%、硫酸铵0%~50%、尿素0%~30%、磷酸一铵0%~15%、硫酸锌0%~3.5%、硫酸镁0%~5%、硼酸0%~1.2%、微生物菌剂0%~1%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料,其特征在于:所述颗料肥料由以下组分按重量百分比制成:黄腐植酸干粉45%,硫酸钾12%、硝酸钾15%、硫酸铵10%、尿素10%、磷酸一铵6%、硫酸锌0.5%、硫酸镁0.5%、硼酸0.7%、微生物菌剂0.3%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料,其特征在于:所述生物源黄腐植酸干粉通过以下步骤制作而成:
S1:将糖蜜发酵酒精(酵母)废液浓缩到固含量为30%~35%之间,加入葡萄糖1.5%,尿素1%,待用;
S2:向上述物料接入5%~10%复合菌种,发酵温度300C~360C,发酵时间72h~84h;
S3:将发酵物进一步浓缩至固含量65%~70%之间,将浓缩液用喷雾干燥工艺直接干燥得粉末状黄腐植酸干粉。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料,其特征在于:
所述矿物源黄腐植酸干粉的制作方法是在煤粉中加入过氧化氢、硝酸钠、固体酸催化剂及氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾搅拌成混合溶液,对混合溶液分离除渣得腐植酸溶液,向腐植酸溶液中加入强酸型阳离子交换树脂中和至PH值为5,过滤除去离子交换树脂及生成的少量沉淀,得到黄腐植酸干粉溶液,对溶液减压至固含量为10%,喷雾干燥即得到粉状黄腐植酸干粉。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料,其特征在于:所述微生物菌剂包括枯草芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌、胶冻样芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉FMJ1、胶质芽孢杆菌及细黄链霉菌,所述各类菌剂的重量百分比为:枯草芽孢杆菌20%~40%、植物乳杆菌10%~15%、胶冻样芽孢杆菌10%~15%、黑曲霉FMJ115%~20%、胶质芽孢杆菌10%~15%、细黄链霉菌10%~15%。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料,其特征在于:所述微生物菌剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)先将菌剂载体加热125℃,进行灭菌处理,然后自然冷却至室温,得到灭菌载体;
2)将灭菌载体与各菌种混合,加入到搅拌罐中,在搅拌罐中35转/分钟均匀搅拌8分钟,得到混合培养基;
3)将混合培养基加入到培养皿中,加入无菌水,振荡搅拌,然后在加入海藻酸纳和聚丙烯醇溶液,进行培养,得到培养溶液;
4)将培养溶液通过磁力搅拌均匀后,分批次快速加入到无菌氯化钙和无菌硼酸溶液中,进行交联固化,得到凝胶球;取出凝胶球进行冻干处理,即可得到菌剂颗粒。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料,其特征在于:所述菌剂载体采用玉米芯,将玉米芯进行粉碎到90-100目的细粉,将玉米芯粉平铺至阴凉通风处凉干。
9.一种黄腐植酸颗粒肥料制备方法,其特征在于:将黄腐植酸干粉、硫酸钾、硝酸钾、硫酸铵、尿素、磷酸一铵、硫酸锌、硫酸镁、硼酸、微生物菌剂按比例在搅拌机中混合搅拌均匀后进入对辊挤压机造粒,颗粒进入整形机对颗粒进行整形,整形后的颗粒进入精细筛分机进行颗粒筛分,最后对经过筛分后的颗粒进行包装成品。
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Application publication date: 20200911 |