CN111646807A - 低导热抗热震耐磨砖及其生产工艺 - Google Patents
低导热抗热震耐磨砖及其生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种低导热抗热震耐磨砖及其生产工艺，低导热抗热震耐磨砖各原料质量百分比为：高铝矾土熟料20‑50％、红柱石颗粒5‑30％、红柱石细粉3‑15％、锆英砂3‑10％，耐火泥8‑12％、莫来石细粉5‑10％、糊精0.5‑1.5％。采用本发明制备的低导热抗热震耐磨砖，荷重软化温度大于1600℃、常温耐压强度大于75MPa、显气孔率介于13％‑16.5％之间、1100℃水冷热震稳定性大于25次，具有导热系数低、耐热性高、抗热震耐磨的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及耐火材料领域，具体涉及低导热抗热震耐磨砖及其生产工艺。
背景技术
耐火砖简称火砖。用耐火黏土或其他耐火原料烧制成的耐火材料。淡黄色或带褐色。主要用于砌冶炼炉，能耐1580-1770℃的高温。也叫火砖。具有一定形状和尺寸的耐火材料。按制备工艺方法来划分可分为烧成砖、不烧砖、电熔砖(熔铸砖)、耐火隔热砖；按形状和尺寸可分为标准型砖、普通砖、特异型砖等。可用作建筑窑炉和各种热工设备的高温建筑材料和结构材料，并在高温下能经受各种物理化学变化和机械作用。例如耐火粘土砖、高铝砖、硅砖、镁砖等。
粘土砖通常以硬质粘土为原料，预先煅烧成熟料，然后配以软质粘土，以半干法或可塑法成型，温度在1300～1400℃烧成粘土砖制品。也可以加少量的水玻璃、水泥等结合剂制成不烧制品和不定形材料。粘土砖主要由莫来石(25％～50％)、玻璃相(25％～60％)和方石英及石英(最高可达30％)所组成。
高铝耐火砖的矿物组成为刚玉、莫来石和玻璃相，其含量取决于AL2O3/SiO2比以及杂质的种类和数量，可按AL2O3含量进行耐火砖的等级划分。原料为高铝矾土和硅线石类天然矿石，也有掺加电熔刚玉、烧结氧化铝、合成莫来石的，以及用氧化铝与粘土按不同比例煅烧的熟料。
硅砖是指含SiO2 93％以上的耐火砖，是酸性耐火砖的主要品种。它主要用于砌筑焦炉，也用于各种玻璃、陶瓷、炭素煅烧炉、耐火砖的热工窑炉的拱顶和其他承重部位，在热风炉的高温承重部位也用，但是不宜在600℃以下且温度波动大的热工设备中使用。
镁砖是指以镁石作原料，以方镁石为主晶相，MgO含量在80-85％以上的耐火砖。其产品分为冶金镁砂和镁质制品两大类。依化学组成及用途的不同，有马丁砂、普通冶金镁砂、普通镁砖、镁硅砖、镁铝砖、镁钙砖、镁碳砖及其他品种等。镁质耐火砖是碱性耐火砖中最主要的制品，耐火度高，对碱性渣和铁渣有很好的抵抗性，是一种重要的高级耐火砖。主要用于平炉、氧气转炉、电炉及有色金属熔炼等。
现有耐火砖具有良好的耐火性能和耐磨性能，适用于建筑窑炉和各种热工设备的高温建筑材料和结构材料，但是耐火砖的抗热震性依然有待提高。
发明内容
本发明目的是为了弥补已有技术缺陷，提供低导热抗热震耐磨砖及其生产工艺，进一步提高了耐火砖的抗热性能，具有较高的耐震和耐磨性。
为实现上述目的，本发明通过以下方案予以实现：
本发明提供了一种低导热抗热震耐磨砖，各原料质量百分比为：高铝矾土熟料20-50％、红柱石颗粒5-30％、红柱石细粉3-15％、锆英砂3-10％，耐火泥8-12％、莫来石细粉5-10％、糊精0.5-1.5％。
优选地，高铝矾土熟料中Al2O3含量大于80wt％，高铝矾土熟料的粒度为1-5mm。
优选地，红柱石颗粒的粒度为1-3mm，红柱石细粉的粒度为320目-200目。
优选地，锆英砂粒度为80目-60目。
优选地，耐火泥粒度为320目-200目。
优选地，莫来石细粉粒度为320目-200目。
本发明还提供了一种低导热抗热震耐磨砖的生产工艺，包括以下步骤：
(1)先按比例称量高铝矾土熟料、红柱石颗粒、锆英砂，加入糊精搅拌3-5分钟，加适量水搅拌2-3分钟，得到预混料A；
(2)然后按比例称量红柱石细粉、耐火泥和莫来石细粉，加入预混料A中搅拌5-6分钟，得到预混料B；
(3)使用630吨压力机将预混料B成型，干燥，得到砖坯；
(4)将耐磨砖坯送入隧道窑中烧制，得到低导热抗热震耐磨砖。
优选地，加入水的量为原料总质量的2-3％。
优选地，隧道窑温度控制在1500-1550℃。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明低导热抗热震耐磨砖，以不同粒度的高铝矾土熟料、红柱石、莫来石、锆英砂和耐火泥充分混合，使得制备的砖坯各个部位成分配比搭配一致，保证了煅烧所得的低导热抗热震耐磨砖各部位性能的一致性；利用高铝矾土熟料、莫来石、锆英砂、耐火泥的耐烧特性和较好的成型性，以及红柱石在煅烧过程形成的具有抗热冲击力、抗渣性强、荷重转化点高的莫来石，使得制备的低导热抗热震耐磨砖具有高荷软、低蠕变、高抗热震性能。综上所述，采用本发明制备的低导热抗热震耐磨砖，荷重软化温度大于1600℃、常温耐压强度大于75MPa、显气孔率介于13％～16.5％之间、1100℃水冷热震稳定性大于25次，具有导热系数低、耐热性高、抗热震耐磨的优点。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种低导热抗热震耐磨砖，各原料质量百分比为：粒度为3-5mm的高铝矾土熟料40％、粒度为1-3mm的红柱石颗粒30％、粒度为200目的红柱石细粉10％、粒度为60目的锆英砂10％，粒度为200目的耐火泥5％、粒度为200目的莫来石细粉5％、糊精0.5％。
上述低导热抗热震耐磨砖的生产工艺，括以下步骤：
(1)先按比例称量高铝矾土熟料、红柱石颗粒、锆英砂，加入糊精搅拌3分钟，加入原料总质量3％的水搅拌3分钟，得到预混料A；
(2)然后按比例称量红柱石细粉、耐火泥和莫来石细粉，加入预混料A中搅拌5分钟，得到预混料B；
(3)使用630吨压力机将预混料B成型，干燥，得到砖坯；
(4)将耐磨砖坯送入1510℃隧道窑中烧制，得到低导热抗热震耐磨砖。
实施例2
一种低导热抗热震耐磨砖，各原料质量百分比为：粒度为1-3mm的高铝矾土熟料50％、粒度为1-3mm的红柱石颗粒10％、粒度为320目的红柱石细粉15％、粒度为80目的锆英砂10％，粒度为320目的耐火泥10％、粒度为320目的莫来石细粉5％、糊精0.5％。
上述低导热抗热震耐磨砖的生产工艺，括以下步骤：
(1)先按比例称量高铝矾土熟料、红柱石颗粒、锆英砂，加入糊精搅拌5分钟，加入原料总质量2.5％的水搅拌3分钟，得到预混料A；
(2)然后按比例称量红柱石细粉、耐火泥和莫来石细粉，加入预混料A中搅拌6分钟，得到预混料B；
(3)使用630吨压力机将预混料B成型，干燥，得到砖坯；
(4)将耐磨砖坯送入1520℃隧道窑中烧制，得到低导热抗热震耐磨砖。
实施例3
一种低导热抗热震耐磨砖，各原料质量百分比为：粒度为2-4mm的高铝矾土熟料35％、粒度为1-3mm的红柱石颗粒25％、粒度为200目的红柱石细粉15％、粒度为60目的锆英砂10％，粒度为200目的耐火泥5％、粒度为200目的莫来石细粉10％、糊精0.5％。
上述低导热抗热震耐磨砖的生产工艺，括以下步骤：
(1)先按比例称量高铝矾土熟料、红柱石颗粒、锆英砂，加入糊精搅拌5分钟，加入原料总质量2.5％的水搅拌3分钟，得到预混料A；
(2)然后按比例称量红柱石细粉、耐火泥和莫来石细粉，加入预混料A中搅拌6分钟，得到预混料B；
(3)使用630吨压力机将预混料B成型，干燥，得到砖坯；
(4)将耐磨砖坯送入1530℃隧道窑中烧制，得到低导热抗热震耐磨砖。
实施例4
一种低导热抗热震耐磨砖，各原料质量百分比为：粒度为2-3mm的高铝矾土熟料25％、粒度为1-3mm的红柱石颗粒30％、粒度为320目的红柱石细粉12％、粒度为80目的锆英砂10％，粒度为200目的耐火泥12％、粒度为200目的莫来石细粉10％、糊精1％。
上述低导热抗热震耐磨砖的生产工艺，括以下步骤：
(1)先按比例称量高铝矾土熟料、红柱石颗粒、锆英砂，加入糊精搅拌5分钟，加入原料总质量2.5％的水搅拌3分钟，得到预混料A；
(2)然后按比例称量红柱石细粉、耐火泥和莫来石细粉，加入预混料A中搅拌6分钟，得到预混料B；
(3)使用630吨压力机将预混料B成型，干燥，得到砖坯；
(4)将耐磨砖坯送入1540℃隧道窑中烧制，得到低导热抗热震耐磨砖。
实施例5
一种低导热抗热震耐磨砖，各原料质量百分比为：粒度为1-5mm的高铝矾土熟料50％、粒度为1-3mm的红柱石颗粒15％、粒度为200目的红柱石细粉10％、粒度为80目的锆英砂8％，粒度为200目的耐火泥12％、粒度为200目的莫来石细粉5％、糊精0.5％。
上述低导热抗热震耐磨砖的生产工艺，括以下步骤：
(1)先按比例称量高铝矾土熟料、红柱石颗粒、锆英砂，加入糊精搅拌5分钟，加入原料总质量2.5％的水搅拌3分钟，得到预混料A；
(2)然后按比例称量红柱石细粉、耐火泥和莫来石细粉，加入预混料A中搅拌6分钟，得到预混料B；
(3)使用630吨压力机将预混料B成型，干燥，得到砖坯；
(4)将耐磨砖坯送入1550℃隧道窑中烧制，得到低导热抗热震耐磨砖。
性能检测
分别对实施例1-5制备的低导热抗热震耐磨砖中Al2O3含量、显气孔率、常温耐压强度和1100℃热震稳定性、荷重软化温度进行检测，检测结果如表1所示。
表1、低导热抗热震耐磨砖性能检测
从上表中可以看出：实施例1-5提供的低导热抗热震耐磨砖荷重软化温度大于1600℃、常温耐压强度大于75MPa、显气孔率介于13％-16.5％之间、1100℃水冷热震稳定性大于25次，因此所述低导热抗热震耐磨砖各项性能指标符合GB/T3994-2013规定的指标，所述低导热抗热震耐磨砖具有荷重软化温度高、高抗热震的性能。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上公开的本发明优选实施例只是用于帮助阐述本发明。优选实施例并没有详尽叙述所有的细节，也不限制该发明的具体实施方式。显然，根据本说明书的内容，可作很多的修改和变化。本说明书选取并具体描述这些实施例，是为了更好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用，从而使所属技术领域技术人员能很好地理解和利用本发明。本发明仅受权利要求书及其全部范围和等效物的限制。
Claims (9)
1.一种低导热抗热震耐磨砖，其特征在于，各原料质量百分比为：
高铝矾土熟料25-50％、红柱石颗粒5-30％、红柱石细粉3-15％、锆英砂3-10％，耐火泥8-12％、莫来石细粉5-10％、糊精0.5-1.5％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低导热抗热震耐磨砖，其特征在于，所述高铝矾土熟料中Al2O3含量大于80wt％，高铝矾土熟料的粒度为1-5mm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的低导热抗热震耐磨砖，其特征在于，所述红柱石颗粒的粒度为1-3mm，红柱石细粉的粒度为320目-200目。
4.根据权利要求2所述的低导热抗热震耐磨砖，其特征在于，所述锆英砂粒度为80目-60目。
5.根据权利要求1所述的低导热抗热震耐磨砖，其特征在于，所述耐火泥的粒度为320目-200目。
6.根据权利要求1所述的低导热抗热震耐磨砖，其特征在于，所述莫来石细粉粒度为320目-200目。
7.如权利要求1-6所述的低导热抗热震耐磨砖的生产工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)先按比例称量高铝矾土熟料、红柱石颗粒、锆英砂，加入糊精搅拌3-5分钟，加适量水搅拌2-3分钟，得到预混料A；
(2)然后按比例称量红柱石细粉、耐火泥和莫来石细粉，加入预混料A中搅拌5-6分钟，得到预混料B；
(3)使用630吨压力机将预混料B成型，干燥，得到砖坯；
(4)将耐磨砖坯送入隧道窑中烧制，得到低导热抗热震耐磨砖。
8.根据权利要求7所述的低导热抗热震耐磨砖的生产工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中加入水的量为原料总质量的2-3％。
9.根据权利要求7所述的低导热抗热震耐磨砖的生产工艺，其特征在于，所述隧道窑温度控制在1500-1550℃。
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