CN111644512B - Composite punch and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Composite punch and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111644512B
CN111644512B CN202010515679.3A CN202010515679A CN111644512B CN 111644512 B CN111644512 B CN 111644512B CN 202010515679 A CN202010515679 A CN 202010515679A CN 111644512 B CN111644512 B CN 111644512B
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punch
intermediate layer
connecting surface
composite
welded
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CN111644512A (en
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王桂龙
孙福
张昊
邵长斌
王蒙蒙
王莉敏
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Jiangsu Bolianshuo Welding Technology Co ltd
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Jiangsu Bolianshuo Welding Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
    • B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
    • B23K20/025—Bonding tips therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/14—Preventing or minimising gas access, or using protective gases or vacuum during welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite punch and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of dissimilar material welding. The composite punch comprises a punch body, an intermediate layer and a matrix which are welded in sequence, wherein the intermediate layer is added between the punch body and the matrix to inhibit the formation of interface brittle compounds and reduce the harm of residual stress of joints; the thickness of the middle layer is gradually reduced from the center to the edge, so that the welding strength of the joint at the edge of the middle layer can be improved, cracks are prevented from being generated, the middle layer can absorb more impact loads, the impact force applied to the composite punch is relieved, and the composite punch has better mechanical property and longer service life. In the preparation method of the composite punch, the welding is completed by utilizing the diffusion of the intermediate layer, so that the brittle intermediate metal can be prevented from being formed at the joint, the difference of the linear expansion coefficients of the punch body and the matrix is reduced, the obtained welded joint has good quality, no overheated structure and heat affected zone exist, the parameters are easy to control, and the quality and the performance of the joint are stable during batch production.

Description

Composite punch and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dissimilar material welding, in particular to a composite punch and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Cemented carbide has excellent properties such as high hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance, and is widely used for manufacturing punch parts. However, since the alloy has poor toughness, high brittleness and is difficult to process, it is often necessary to weld a cemented carbide to a high-speed steel having good toughness, high strength, excellent workability and low cost to manufacture a composite punch in practical applications. The composite punch can have the advantages of two materials, and has the advantages of high hardness, high wear resistance, good impact toughness and the like.
The performance of the composite punch head mainly depends on the quality of a joint of the hard alloy and the high-speed steel, and the hard alloy and the high-speed steel have great difference in linear expansion coefficient, so that the hard alloy side interface has great residual stress after welding, the welding strength of the joint is low, and the use requirement cannot be met. In the welding process, C in the hard alloy is transitionally diffused to liquid brazing filler metal to form M poor in carbon6C type or M12The C-shaped hard and brittle phase seriously deteriorates the performance of the joint, so that the mechanical property and the service life of the punch are difficult to meet the requirements of industrial production when the punch is subjected to the combined action of complex loads such as impact, vibration and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite punch and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem that the mechanical property and service life of the composite punch in the prior art are difficult to meet the requirements of industrial production.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
in one aspect of the embodiment of the invention, a composite punch comprises a punch body, an intermediate layer and a base body which are welded in sequence, wherein the thickness of the intermediate layer in the direction of welding in sequence is gradually reduced from the center to the edge.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, a connection surface between the intermediate layer and the punch body is a first connection surface, a connection surface between the intermediate layer and the substrate is a second connection surface, and both the first connection surface and the second connection surface are arc surfaces.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the directions of the circular arcs of the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface are the same, and the circular radius of the first connecting surface is smaller than the circular radius of the second connecting surface.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, a connection surface of the intermediate layer and the punch body is a first connection surface, a connection surface of the intermediate layer and the substrate is a second connection surface, the first connection surface is an arc surface, and the second connection surface is a plane, or the first connection surface is a plane and the second connection surface is an arc surface.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, a connection surface of the intermediate layer and the punch body is a first connection surface, a connection surface of the intermediate layer and the substrate is a second connection surface, the first connection surface and the second connection surface are both conical surfaces, and a conical corner of the conical surface is a fillet.
In an optional embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the outer edge of the intermediate layer is 3-10 μm.
In an optional embodiment of the invention, the central thickness of the intermediate layer is 30-150 μm.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the material of the punch body is cemented carbide, the material of the base body is high-speed steel, and the material of the intermediate layer is nickel.
In another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a composite punch is provided, including: respectively carrying out ultrasonic cleaning and blow-drying on the punch body, the middle layer and the matrix; sequentially assembling the punch body, the middle layer and the matrix to obtain a workpiece to be welded; heating a workpiece to be welded to 700-1100 ℃ in a vacuum environment, preserving heat, and continuously applying pressure in the assembly direction of the workpiece to be welded; cooling to below 100 ℃ to obtain the composite punch.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the heating the workpiece to be welded to 700 to 1100 ℃ in a vacuum environment, and then maintaining the temperature, and continuously applying pressure in the assembling direction of the workpiece to be welded further includes: in a vacuum environment, heating a workpiece to be welded to 700-1100 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 min, and continuously applying pressure of 0.5-5 MPa in the assembly direction of the workpiece to be welded.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the situation that the punch body and the matrix are directly welded together, the intermediate layer is added between the punch body and the matrix, so that the formation of interface brittle compounds can be inhibited, and the harm of residual stress of joints can be reduced. In addition, as the composite punch bears large impact force in the working process, the composite punch is mainly damaged in a mode that cracks are generated from the welding edge and spread to the whole welding interface of the hard alloy and the steel, and finally the joint is broken. Therefore, a contradiction is faced in the design process of the thickness of the middle layer, on one hand, the thickness of the edge position of the middle layer is required to be thin, so that the strength of the middle layer at the edge position is improved by utilizing the solid solution strengthening effect in the welding process, the composite punch is prevented from being broken in the using process, and the service life of the composite punch is prolonged; on the other hand, in the use process of the composite punch, the intermediate layer has the function of absorbing impact load and relieving the impact on the composite punch, so that the intermediate layer needs to be thicker. To solve this contradiction, the thickness of the intermediate layer in the direction of successive welds is gradually reduced from the center to the edges. The thickness of the edge part of the middle layer is small, so that atoms in the punch body and the matrix can be diffused into the middle layer, the welding strength of a joint at the edge is improved, and cracks are prevented from being generated; the middle part of the middle layer is thicker, so that the middle layer can absorb more impact load, the impact force borne by the composite punch is relieved, and the buffer effect of the middle layer is improved; the thickness in intermediate level reduces to the edge by the center gradually for the intermediate level is smooth surface and transition in succession with the face of being connected of drift body and base member, can be better play the cushioning effect. The composite punch has the advantages of high hardness, high wear resistance, good impact toughness and the like, and is good in mechanical property and long in service life.
According to the preparation method of the composite punch provided by the embodiment of the invention, the punch body, the intermediate layer and the matrix are pressurized at high temperature, and welding is completed by diffusion of the intermediate layer, so that brittle intermediate metal can be prevented from being formed at a joint, and meanwhile, the difference of linear expansion coefficients of the punch body and the matrix is reduced. The obtained welded joint has good quality, the microstructure and the performance of the welded joint are close to or the same as those of the punch body and the base body, no fusion welding defect exists at the joint, and no overheated structure and heat affected zone exist. Welding parameters are easy to control accurately, and the quality and the performance of the joint are stable during batch production. The punch body, the intermediate layer and the base body are not overheated or melted during welding, almost all metals or nonmetals can be welded under the condition of not reducing the performances of the punch body and the base body, and the requirements on the materials of the punch body and the base body are lower. The punch body, the middle layer and the matrix are integrally heated, the pressure is small during welding, the integral plastic deformation of the composite punch obtained after cooling is small, and generally no machining is needed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a compound punch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an intermediate layer in a composite punch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a second schematic structural diagram of a composite punch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a third schematic structural diagram of a composite punch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a fourth schematic structural view of the composite punch according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a fifth schematic structural view of a composite punch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a sixth schematic structural view of a composite punch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a seventh schematic structural diagram of the compound punch according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 100-composite punch; 110-a punch body; 120-an intermediate layer; 121-a first connection face; 122-a second connection face; 130-matrix.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "inside", "outside", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The punch is a metal part arranged on a stamping die, is applied to stamping and is in direct contact with a material, so that the material is deformed and cut. The punch is generally made of high-speed steel, cemented carbide (tungsten steel), or the like, and includes a high-speed steel punch, a cemented carbide punch, or the like. Punches of different materials have different advantages, and in order to combine the advantages of punches of different materials, the concept of the compound punch 100 is proposed. The composite punch 100 can have the advantages of two materials and has more excellent use performance.
The high-speed steel and the hard alloy are common materials for preparing the punch, and take the high-speed steel and hard alloy composite punch 100 as an example, the high-speed steel punch can keep good red hardness during high-speed punching and upsetting, has excellent wear resistance and can ensure certain toughness; the hard alloy material is generally used on a die with higher requirements, mainly produced by hard alloy, has high requirements on the toughness of the material, has higher technical threshold during production and higher production cost, and is generally used in the stainless steel cold heading industry and the heavy deep drawing field. The composite punch 100 made of high-speed steel and hard alloy has the advantages of two materials, and the combination of high hardness, high wear resistance and good impact toughness is realized.
However, because the linear expansion coefficients of the hard alloy and the high-speed steel are greatly different, the hard alloy side interface has large residual stress after welding, so that the welding strength of the joint is low, the use requirement cannot be met, and the mechanical property and the service life of the punch cannot meet the requirements of industrial production in a working environment under the combined action of complex loads such as impact, vibration and the like. The present application is proposed to solve the above technical problems in the prior art.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a composite punch 100, which includes a punch body 110, an intermediate layer 120 and a base 130 welded in sequence, and compared with directly welding the punch body 110 and the base 130 together, the addition of the intermediate layer 120 between the punch body 110 and the base 130 can suppress the formation of interfacial brittle compounds and reduce the risk of residual stress of the joint. In addition, because compound punch 100 is subjected to high impact forces during operation, compound punch 100 fails primarily in the form of cracks from the weld edge and propagating throughout the carbide-steel weld interface, eventually resulting in joint failure. Therefore, a contradiction is faced in the design process of the thickness of the middle layer 120, on one hand, the thickness of the edge position of the middle layer 120 is thin, so that the strength of the middle layer 120 at the edge position is improved by utilizing the solid solution strengthening effect in the welding process, the composite punch 100 is prevented from being broken in the using process, and the service life of the composite punch 100 is prolonged; however, in the use of composite punch 100, intermediate layer 120 has a function of absorbing an impact load and alleviating an impact applied to composite punch 100, and therefore, intermediate layer 120 needs to have a large thickness. To solve this contradiction, referring again to fig. 2, the thickness of the intermediate layer 120 in the direction of successive welds gradually decreases from the center to the edges. The thickness of the edge part of the intermediate layer 120 is small, so that atoms in the punch body 110 and the substrate 130 can be diffused into the intermediate layer 120, the welding strength of a joint at the edge is improved, and cracks are prevented from being generated; the middle part of the middle layer 120 has a larger thickness, so that the middle layer 120 can absorb more impact load, the impact force borne by the composite punch 100 is relieved, and the buffer effect of the middle layer 120 is improved; the thickness of the middle layer 120 is gradually reduced from the center to the edge, so that the connecting surfaces of the middle layer 120, the punch body 110 and the base body 130 are smooth and transition continuously, and a buffering effect can be better achieved.
First, the materials of the punch body 110 and the base 130 are not limited, and a material commonly used for manufacturing a punch, for example, cemented carbide, high-speed steel, or the like, may be selected.
Second, the material of the intermediate layer 120 is not limited, but in order to better weld the punch body 110 and the base 130 together, the material of the intermediate layer 120 should have good chemical compatibility with the punch body 110 and the base 130 and reduce the type and amount of interfacial brittle reaction products. Meanwhile, the intermediate layer 120 should have the characteristics of low yield strength and good plastic deformation capability, and the residual stress at the joint can be relieved by utilizing the plastic deformation of the intermediate layer.
Third, the shapes of the punch body 110 and the base 130 are not limited, but the welding of the punch body 110 and the base 130 to the intermediate layer 120 is matched with the intermediate layer 120 in order to weld the intermediate layer 120. For example, if the side of the middle layer 120 welded to the punch body 110 is a convex arc surface, the side of the punch body 110 welded to the middle layer 120 is a concave arc surface matching the convex arc surface.
Fourth, the shape of the intermediate layer 120 is not limited as long as it can ensure that the thickness of the intermediate layer 120 in the direction of successive welding gradually decreases from the center to the edge. Optionally, a connection surface of the intermediate layer 120 and the punch body 110 is defined as a first connection surface 121, and a connection surface of the intermediate layer 120 and the substrate 130 is defined as a second connection surface 122, and then the first connection surface 121 and the second connection surface 122 may both be smooth arc surfaces, or one of the first connection surface 121 and the second connection surface 122 is a smooth arc surface, and the other is a plane.
Fifthly, referring to fig. 2, the thickness of the center of the middle layer 120 is denoted as d1The thickness at the outer edge of the intermediate layer 120 is denoted as d2Then d is1>d2And d is2>0. The outer edge is the outermost edge of the middle layer 120.
In any of the above technical solutions, referring to fig. 3, optionally, a connection surface of the intermediate layer 120 and the punch body 110 is a first connection surface 121, a connection surface of the intermediate layer 120 and the substrate 130 is a second connection surface 122, and both the first connection surface 121 and the second connection surface 122 are arc surfaces. The arc surface is smooth and uniform in transition, so that impact load can be better absorbed, and impact on the composite punch 100 can be relieved. In addition, the arc surface facilitates the location, when welding, only needs to place intermediate level 120 and drift body 110 on base member 130 in proper order, can realize the installation location, need not extra positioner or operation assistance-localization real-time, has guaranteed the in close contact with between intermediate level 120 and drift body 110 and the base member 130 simultaneously, has further improved welding quality.
First, the arc surface is a part of a spherical surface, and the arc radius at each point on the arc surface is equal.
Secondly, the arc surface is divided into a convex arc surface and a concave arc surface, and the first connecting surface 121 and the second connecting surface 122 are not limited as long as the thickness of the middle layer 120 is ensured to be gradually reduced from the center to the edge.
For example, referring to fig. 3, the first connection surface 121 is a convex arc surface, and the second connection surface 122 is a concave arc surface. Alternatively, referring to fig. 4, the first connection surface 121 is a concave arc surface, and the second connection surface 122 is a convex arc surface. Alternatively, referring to fig. 5, the first connection surface 121 and the second connection surface 122 are both convex arc surfaces.
In any of the above technical solutions, referring to fig. 3 and fig. 4 again, optionally, the arc protrusion directions of the first connection surface 121 and the second connection surface 122 are the same, that is, the first connection surface 121 is a convex arc surface, and the second connection surface 122 is a concave arc surface, or the first connection surface 121 is a concave arc surface, and the second connection surface 122 is a convex arc surface. The arc radius of the first connecting surface 121 is smaller than the arc radius of the second connecting surface 122, so that the change of the arc surface of the first connecting surface 121 is fast, and the change of the arc surface of the second connecting surface 122 is slow, thereby gradually reducing the thickness of the middle layer 120 from the center to the edge.
In any of the above technical solutions, referring to fig. 6 and fig. 7, optionally, a connection surface of the intermediate layer 120 and the punch body 110 is a first connection surface 121, a connection surface of the intermediate layer 120 and the substrate 130 is a second connection surface 122, the first connection surface 121 is a circular arc surface, and the second connection surface 122 is a plane, or the first connection surface 121 is a plane and the second connection surface 122 is a circular arc surface. The plane is easier to process and easy to guarantee the processing precision compared with the arc surface, and the structure of the punch body 110 or the base body 130 which is connected with the middle layer 120 in a matched mode is simpler and is convenient to process. One of the first connection surface 121 and the second connection surface 122 is a circular arc surface, and the other is a flat surface, so that the thickness of the intermediate layer 120 is ensured to be gradually reduced from the center to the edge.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, referring to fig. 8, the connecting surface between the intermediate layer 120 and the punch body 110 is the first connecting surface 121, the connecting surface between the intermediate layer 120 and the substrate 130 is the second connecting surface 122, and both the first connecting surface 121 and the second connecting surface 122 are conical surfaces, which are convenient for positioning, and meanwhile, the intermediate layer 120 is ensured to be in close contact with the punch body 110 and the substrate 130, thereby further improving the welding quality. The conical angle of the conical surface is a rounded angle, so that the surfaces of the first connecting surface 121 and the second connecting surface 122 are smooth and transition uniformly.
When the intermediate layer 120 is welded to the punch body 110 and the base 130, the strength of the intermediate layer 120 at the edge position is improved by the solid solution strengthening effect, the composite punch 100 is prevented from being broken in the use process, and the service life of the composite punch 100 is prolonged.
Solid solution strengthening refers to the phenomenon of improved strength and hardness of pure metals after proper alloying. The alloy elements are dissolved in the base metal to cause a certain degree of lattice distortion, thereby improving the strength of the alloy. The solute atoms fused into the solid solution cause lattice distortion, and the lattice distortion increases the resistance of dislocation movement, so that slippage is difficult to perform, and the strength and the hardness of the alloy solid solution are increased. This phenomenon of strengthening a metal by forming a solid solution by incorporating a certain solute element is called solid solution strengthening. When the concentration of solute atoms is proper, the strength and hardness of the material can be improved.
Due to the limited diffusion capability of the solute atoms, if the outer edge of the middle layer 120 is too thick, the solute atoms cannot completely diffuse to the entire outer edge, which may result in a phenomenon of lower local strength at the outer edge of the middle layer 120 and still cause the risk of fracture at the joint. However, if the outer edge of the middle layer 120 is too thin, the overall strength will be low. Therefore, in any of the above technical solutions, the thickness of the outer edge of the middle layer 120 is optionally 3 to 10 μm.
In the use process of the composite punch 100, the intermediate layer 120 has the function of absorbing impact load and relieves the impact force borne by the punch, so that if the center of the intermediate layer 120 is too thin, the whole thickness is small, and the capability of absorbing the impact load is poor; if the center of the intermediate layer 120 is too thick, the difference in thickness between the center layer and the outer edge of the intermediate layer is large, which results in a large curvature of the first connection surface 121 and the second connection surface 122 of the intermediate layer 120, which is not easy to machine. Therefore, in any of the above technical solutions, the center thickness of the intermediate layer 120 is optionally 30 to 150 μm.
In any of the above solutions, optionally, the material of the punch body 110 is cemented carbide, the material of the base 130 is high-speed steel, and the material of the intermediate layer 120 is nickel.
Cemented carbide and high-speed steel are commonly used for preparing punches, the cemented carbide has the advantages of high hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and the commonly used cemented carbide is YG8 cemented carbide, YG3 cemented carbide or YG6X cemented carbide and the like. The high-speed steel has the advantages of high hardness, high wear resistance, high heat resistance and the like, has good technological properties and good strength and toughness, and is commonly used as CR12, CR12MOV, asp23, skd11, skd51, skd61 and the like.
When the hard alloy is directly welded with the high-speed steel, a welding interface is easy to generate brittle compounds, and the welded joint has obvious residual stress, so that the mechanical property of the joint is poor. Nickel has good chemical compatibility with cemented carbide and high speed steel, and the nickel is selected as the intermediate layer 120, so that the type and the amount of the generated brittle reaction products of the welding interface can be reduced. Meanwhile, nickel has the characteristics of low yield strength and strong plastic deformation capacity, can better absorb impact load, relieves the impact on the joint, effectively reduces the residual stress on the joint caused by the difference of thermal expansion coefficients, improves the mechanical property of the hard alloy and the high-speed steel joint, and further prolongs the service life of the composite punch 100.
The present embodiment also provides a method for manufacturing a composite punch 100, which includes: respectively carrying out ultrasonic cleaning and blow-drying on the punch body 110, the middle layer 120 and the matrix 130; sequentially assembling the punch body 110, the intermediate layer 120 and the substrate 130 to obtain a workpiece to be welded; heating a workpiece to be welded to 700-1100 ℃ in a vacuum environment, preserving heat, and continuously applying pressure in the assembly direction of the workpiece to be welded; cooling to below 100 ℃ to obtain the composite punch 100.
Pressing the punch body 110, the intermediate layer 120 and the base 130 at a high temperature to complete welding by diffusion of the intermediate layer 120 can prevent formation of brittle intermediate metal at the joint while reducing the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the punch body 110 and the base 130. The resulting welded joint has good quality, a microstructure and properties close to or the same as those of the punch body 110 and the base 130, and no weld defects, no hot spot structure and no heat affected zone at the joint. Welding parameters are easy to control accurately, and the quality and the performance of the joint are stable during batch production. The punch body 110, the intermediate layer 120 and the base 130 are not overheated and melted during welding, and almost all metals or nonmetals can be welded without reducing the performance of the punch body 110 and the base 130, so that the requirements on the materials of the punch body 110 and the base 130 are low.
In any of the above technical solutions, optionally, in a vacuum environment, heating the workpiece to be welded to 700-1100 ℃, and then preserving heat, and continuously applying pressure in the assembly direction of the workpiece to be welded further includes: in a vacuum environment, heating a workpiece to be welded to 700-1100 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 min, and continuously applying pressure of 0.5-5 MPa in the assembly direction of the workpiece to be welded.
The punch body 110, the intermediate layer 120 and the base 130 are heated as a whole, the pressure during welding is small, and the composite punch 100 obtained after cooling has small plastic deformation as a whole and generally does not need to be machined.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The composite punch is characterized by comprising a punch body, an intermediate layer and a base body which are welded in sequence, wherein the thickness of the intermediate layer in the direction of the sequential welding is gradually reduced from the center to the edge; and the intermediate layer is welded with the punch body and the substrate in a diffusion welding mode.
2. The composite punch according to claim 1, wherein a connecting surface of the intermediate layer with the punch body is a first connecting surface, a connecting surface of the intermediate layer with the base body is a second connecting surface, and both the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface are arc surfaces.
3. The composite punch as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface have the same direction of circular arc protrusion, and the circular arc radius of the first connecting surface is smaller than that of the second connecting surface.
4. The composite punch according to claim 1, wherein a connecting surface of the intermediate layer with the punch body is a first connecting surface, a connecting surface of the intermediate layer with the base body is a second connecting surface, the first connecting surface is a circular arc surface, and the second connecting surface is a flat surface, or the first connecting surface is a flat surface and the second connecting surface is a circular arc surface.
5. The composite punch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connecting surface of the intermediate layer with the punch body is a first connecting surface, the connecting surface of the intermediate layer with the substrate is a second connecting surface, the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface are both conical surfaces, and the conical corners of the conical surfaces are rounded corners.
6. The composite punch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer has an outer edge thickness of 3 to 10 μm.
7. The composite punch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the central thickness of the intermediate layer is 30 to 150 μm.
8. The composite punch of claim 1, wherein the punch body is made of cemented carbide, the base is made of high speed steel, and the intermediate layer is made of nickel.
9. A method of making a composite punch, comprising:
respectively carrying out ultrasonic cleaning and blow-drying on the punch body, the middle layer and the matrix;
sequentially assembling the punch head body, the middle layer and the matrix to obtain a workpiece to be welded;
heating the workpiece to be welded to 700-1100 ℃ in a vacuum environment, preserving heat, and continuously applying pressure in the assembling direction of the workpiece to be welded;
cooling to below 100 ℃ to obtain the composite punch;
wherein the thickness of the intermediate layer in the direction of the sequential welding gradually decreases from the center to the edge.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the step of maintaining the temperature of the workpiece to be welded after heating the workpiece to 700-1100 ℃ in a vacuum environment while continuously applying pressure in the assembling direction of the workpiece to be welded further comprises:
and heating the workpiece to be welded to 700-1100 ℃ in a vacuum environment, preserving heat for 30-90 min, and continuously applying pressure of 0.5-5 MPa in the assembling direction of the workpiece to be welded.
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JPH0714544B2 (en) * 1985-11-28 1995-02-22 サンアロイ工業株式会社 High hardness material joining type tool
JPH01154831A (en) * 1987-12-10 1989-06-16 Alps Electric Co Ltd Composite die stock
JP3393090B2 (en) * 1999-06-30 2003-04-07 株式会社シルバーロイ Tool
CN201372731Y (en) * 2009-01-22 2009-12-30 桂林星钻超硬材料有限公司 Strengthened composite diamond segment
CN202683795U (en) * 2012-07-25 2013-01-23 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 Spherical and elliptical dual-purpose novel composite spherical punch die for boiler and pressure container
DE102017200564A1 (en) * 2017-01-16 2018-07-19 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Component with joining auxiliary element, component assembly of at least two components and method for the production
CN106825896A (en) * 2017-04-06 2017-06-13 爱迪森自动化科技（昆山）有限公司 A kind of hard alloy connects method with the composite interlayer liquid-phase diffusion welding of steel
CN109434115B (en) * 2018-11-13 2021-01-15 歌尔光学科技有限公司 Multilayer gradient hard alloy punch
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