CN111643110A - Electroencephalogram detection device based on focused ultrasound spatial coding - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electroencephalogram detection device based on focused ultrasound spatial coding, which comprises a focused ultrasound transmitting module, an electric signal acquisition module, a different-frequency signal separation and decoding module and a signal characteristic extraction module, wherein the focused ultrasound transmitting module is used for generating and transmitting focused ultrasound pulse waves to a brain; focusing the focused ultrasonic waves on the brain functional area corresponding to the stimulation signals; the electric signal acquisition module is used for acquiring a mixed signal of an induced electroencephalogram signal and an ultrasonic coding signal; the different-frequency signal separation and decoding module is used for respectively carrying out low-pass filtering and high-pass filtering on the mixed signals collected by the electric signal collection module according to the characteristics of the induced electroencephalogram signals as low-frequency signals and the central frequency and the repetition frequency of the focused ultrasonic pulse waves to respectively obtain the induced electroencephalogram signals and the ultrasonic coded signals, and carrying out hilbert transformation on the ultrasonic coded signals obtained by separation to obtain ultrasonic decoding signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of detection, and particularly relates to an electroencephalogram detection device based on focused ultrasound spatial coding.
Background
Brain science is the science of studying the structure and function of the brain, and its progress has a vital role in all countries. The Chinese brain plan takes the integrated two wings as the overall layout. "integrated" is the subject and core of the neural basis (cognitive brain) that explains human cognition; the two wings are used for developing new means for diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases (protecting the brain) and creating new brain-computer intelligent technology (simulating the brain). The electroencephalogram signals have high time resolution of millisecond (ms) level, and can reflect the electrophysiological activity of the brain in real time, so the electroencephalogram signals are widely applied to brain function research. Common Electroencephalogram signal detection methods are scalp Electroencephalogram (EEG) and cortical Electroencephalogram (ECoG). The scalp electroencephalogram EEG mainly based on the electroencephalogram cap has the advantages of non-invasive safety and is an important and main means for researching the brain function of a human. The cortical electroencephalon ECoG based on the invasive needle electrode technology is mostly applied to clinical research and animal experiments due to the invasive infectivity of the cortical electroencephalon ECoG.
Each patch on the brain electricity cap is an electrode, and the electrode can record the electrical signal activity of the cerebral cortex below the corresponding skull after being contacted with the scalp through the conductive paste. However, because of the distance between electrodes, the accuracy of the electrodes, and the skull attenuation and volume conductor effect, the EEG signals recorded by the electroencephalogram cap electrodes are the result of the superposition of the neural clusters, and the neural-electric activity of the brain region directly corresponding to the EEG signals cannot be accurately reflected. The spatial resolution of EEG signals is limited, typically on the order of centimeters (cm). The invasive needle electrode can directly record physiological ECoG electric signals of the brain on the surface of the cerebral cortex, and the recorded signals are not influenced by the volume conductor effect. The spatial resolution of the ECoG signal is significantly better than that of the EEG signal, which can be on the order of millimeters (mm). However, because of the infection potential of invasive collection, this method is only applied to a small part of the patients needing operation and animals needing anesthesia or head fixation. Both EEG signals and ECoG signals are brain electrophysiological signals recorded under the action of an electric field of a single brain electrophysiological activity, and cannot have the characteristics of non-invasive and high spatial resolution.
The acoustoelectric effect is a physical phenomenon, and particularly refers to: focused ultrasound waves propagate in a medium, causing a periodic variation in the resistivity of a local region (focal region) (determined by the frequency of the ultrasound waves). When the focused ultrasonic wave is focused on a certain region of the brain, under the environment of coupling of a sound field and an electric field in the region, the electroencephalogram signal, the ultrasound coding signal and the signal in the region, namely the electroencephalogram signal and the ultrasound coding signal, can be recorded, as shown in fig. 1. Wherein, JIIn order to distribute the current density, the current density is,
is the lead field of the path current i, k is the acousto-electric interaction constant, ρ0Δ P is the sound pressure variation of the focused ultrasound wave for the original resistivity. As can be seen from equation (1), the ultrasound encoding signal at the position (x, y, z) contains the electroencephalogram information JI(current density distribution), which in turn contains ultrasound position information Δ P. Therefore, the decoded signals obtained by decoding the ultrasonic coded signals not only contain the time sequence information of the electroencephalogram signals, but also contain the accurate position information of the electroencephalogram signals. Based on the principle of the acoustoelectric effect, Russel et al proposed 2008 an Imaging method of current Source Density Imaging, that is, acoustoelectric Imaging, and realized acquisition and Imaging of ultrasound encoding signals induced by pacing in the heart of an ex-vivo rabbit in 2015 (ultrasound induced Source sensitivity Imaging, RagnarOlafsson, Russell S.Witte, Shell-Wen Huang and Matthew O' Donnell, IEEETransactions on biological Engineering,2008, 55(7): 1840-1848); (ultrasound Source sensitivity Imaging of the same, sonic Clinical activation Wave, Russell S.Witte, Yexian Qin and ian Li, IEEETransactionson BiomedicalEngineering,2015,62(1): 241-. In 2019, Tanter et al achieved bioelectric Current density source Imaging in Beating rabbit hearts (Mapping Biological Current Densitions with ultra fast Acoustic Imaging: Application to the coating Rat Heart, Tanter. M, Berthon. B and Behaghel. A, IEEE Transactions on Biological Engineering,2019,38(8): 1852-1857). These work demonstrated decoding from ultrasound encoded signalsThe feasibility of the current source signal provides a theoretical basis for the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-resolution electroencephalogram detection device based on focused ultrasound spatial coding, aiming at the problem that EEG and ECoG electroencephalogram detection methods cannot simultaneously have non-invasive and high spatial resolution. The technical scheme is as follows:
an electroencephalogram detection device based on focused ultrasound spatial coding comprises a focused ultrasound transmitting module, an electric signal collecting module, a different-frequency signal separating and decoding module and a signal characteristic extracting module, wherein,
the focused ultrasonic wave transmitting module is used for generating and transmitting focused ultrasonic pulse waves to the brain; focusing the focused ultrasonic waves on the brain functional area corresponding to the stimulation signals;
the electric signal acquisition module is used for acquiring a mixed signal of an induced electroencephalogram signal and an ultrasonic coding signal, wherein the ultrasonic coding signal is a signal generated under the condition of coupling of an electric field of the induced electroencephalogram signal and a sound field of a focused ultrasonic pulse wave;
the different-frequency signal separation and decoding module is used for respectively carrying out low-pass filtering and high-pass filtering on the mixed signals acquired by the electric signal acquisition module according to the characteristics of the induced electroencephalogram signals as low-frequency signals and the central frequency and the repetition frequency of the focused ultrasonic pulse waves to respectively obtain the induced electroencephalogram signals and the ultrasonic coded signals, and carrying out hilbert transformation on the ultrasonic coded signals obtained by separation to obtain ultrasonic decoding signals;
and the signal characteristic extraction module is used for extracting the waveform and the frequency characteristic of the separated induced electroencephalogram signal and the decoded signal.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the focused ultrasonic wave has non-invasive safety and can realize the measurement of the electroencephalogram signals in a non-invasive way.
(2) The focused ultrasonic wave also has high spatial targeting property, and can provide accurate spatial position information for the electroencephalogram signal, so that the spatial resolution of the electroencephalogram signal is improved, and the measurement of the electroencephalogram signal with high resolution (time resolution: ms, spatial resolution: ms) is realized in a non-invasive manner.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows an electroencephalogram signal and an ultrasound encoding signal when focused ultrasound is focused on a certain region of the brain.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the detecting device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a SSVEP induction experimental paradigm.
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of SSVEP induced brain electrical signals, ultrasound encoded signals and decoded signals.
FIG. 5 is a spectrum diagram of SSVEP evoked brain signals and decoded signals.
Detailed Description
The following description of the "high-resolution electroencephalogram detection device based on focused ultrasound spatial coding" according to the present invention is intended to be described as an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to be the only form in which the device can be manufactured or utilized, and other embodiments capable of achieving the same function are also included in the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a high-resolution electroencephalogram detection device based on focused ultrasound spatial coding. The detection device mainly comprises a focusing ultrasonic wave emission module, an electric signal acquisition module, a computer, different frequency signal separation and decoding modules and a signal decoding characteristic extraction module. The detection device can realize the detection of high-resolution electroencephalogram signals under the coupling action of an electric field of electrophysiological activity of the brain and a sound field of focused ultrasonic waves. The method specifically comprises the following steps: on the basis of a non-invasive electroencephalogram detection method, the detection of electroencephalogram and ultrasonic coded signals is realized by combining the high spatial targeting of focused ultrasonic waves; separating the electroencephalogram signal and the ultrasonic encoding signal from the electroencephalogram and ultrasonic encoding signal; decoding the detected ultrasonic coding signal to obtain a decoding signal, wherein the decoding signal not only contains the time sequence information of the electroencephalogram signal, but also contains the accurate position information of the electroencephalogram signal; and (4) extracting and comparing the decoding signal and the electroencephalogram signal time sequence characteristics obtained by separation.
The working principle of the device is based on the action of the acoustoelectric effect, and the recording of the ultrasonic coding signals can be realized under the coupling action of the electric field of the electrophysiological activity of the brain and the sound field of the focused ultrasonic wave. The ultrasonic coding signals recorded under the coupling action of the electric field and the sound field can not only retain the time sequence information of the electroencephalogram signals, but also contain the position information of focused ultrasound, thereby providing the spatial position information for the electroencephalogram signals. Focused ultrasound is non-invasive and highly spatially targeted, and its spatial targeting is determined by the focal spot size of the focused ultrasound, typically 1-3 mm. Therefore, the invention is expected to realize that the spatial resolution of the collected scalp electroencephalogram signal EEG is leveled up or even exceeds the cortical electroencephalogram signal ECoG obtained by an invasive collection mode in a non-invasive electroencephalogram collection mode, and the collection of the scalp electroencephalogram signal EEG with high resolution (spatial resolution: mm, time resolution: mm) is realized.
The high-resolution electroencephalogram signal detection device based on focused ultrasound spatial coding mainly comprises a focused ultrasound transmitting module, an electric signal acquisition module, a computer, a different-frequency signal separation and decoding module and a signal characteristic extraction module, and is shown in figure 2. The detection device used in this embodiment includes approximately the following 4 steps:
1) a focused ultrasound transmission module is configured.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the size of the ultrasound encoding signal is affected by the size of the electroencephalogram signal. When the size of the electroencephalogram signal is 0, no ultrasonic coding signal can be generated. Although the spontaneous brain wave is not 0, the spontaneous brain wave has random non-stationarity, so the spontaneous brain wave is not commonly applied to related research of brain science. In this example, a visual steady-state evoked potential (SSVEP) with a stimulus frequency of 8Hz with distinct temporal and frequency domain characteristics was chosen. The SSVEP stimulation paradigm is shown in figure 2, with the experiment lasting 200s for a total of 20 dials. Each trial lasted 10s, contained 5s of SSVEP stimulation and 5s of rest time.
Generation and emission of focused ultrasonic pulse wave Olympus 5077PR ultrasonic pulse wave emitting and receiving instrument and Olympus underwater focusing ultrasonic transducer are adopted. The center frequency of the generated focused ultrasonic pulse wave is 1MHz, the repetition frequency of the ultrasonic pulse is 80Hz, the focal length is 22mm, the sound intensity at the focal spot is 1.51MPa, and the focused ultrasonic pulse wave is focused on the visual area of the brain.
2) An electric signal acquisition module is configured and SSVEP induced electroencephalogram + ultrasonic encoding signals are acquired.
The electric signal acquisition device adopts Neuroscan electroencephalogram acquisition equipment and is used for acquiring SSVEP-induced electroencephalogram signals and ultrasonic coding signals. Under the condition that the SSVEP generated under the SSVEP stimulation paradigm in 1) induces the coupling of the electric field of the electroencephalogram signals and the sound field of the focused ultrasonic waves, ultrasonic coding signals can be generated. The Neuroscan electroencephalogram acquisition device can acquire SSVEP-induced electroencephalogram + ultrasonic encoding signals. The collected electric signals are synchronously transmitted to a computer for the next operation.
3) The SSVEP induces the separation of the brain electrical signal and the ultrasonic coding signal and the decoding of the ultrasonic coding signal.
Compared with the center frequency and the repetition frequency of the focused ultrasonic wave, the electroencephalogram signal is a low-frequency signal. Therefore, the electroencephalogram signal and the ultrasonic coded signal can be obtained by respectively carrying out low-pass filtering and high-pass filtering on the acquired electroencephalogram and ultrasonic coded signals, and the separation of the electroencephalogram signal and the ultrasonic coded signal is realized. And separating the SSVEP evoked potential and ultrasonic encoding signals transmitted to the computer by using different frequency signal separation modules. The specific processing flow is that filtering is carried out on the SSVEP-induced electroencephalogram and ultrasonic encoding signals at 6-40Hz and 65-95Hz respectively to obtain the SSVEP-induced electroencephalogram signals and the ultrasonic encoding signals respectively. And performing hilbert transformation on the separated ultrasonic coding signals to obtain decoding signals. FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram of SSVEP-induced electroencephalogram signals, ultrasound-encoded signals, and decoded signals.
4) And (3) extracting the features of the SSVEP induced electroencephalogram signal and the decoded signal.
And finally, extracting the waveform and frequency characteristics of the separated SSVEP evoked brain electrical signals and the decoded signals by using a signal characteristic extraction module. In the waveform diagram of fig. 3, the decoded signal is delayed by 45ms compared with the SSVEP-induced electroencephalogram signal with the signal peak value as a reference, which indicates that there is a stable phase difference between the decoded signal and the SSVEP-induced electroencephalogram signal. And the decoded signal and the SSVEP-induced electroencephalogram signal have positive correlation of amplitude. Fourier (fft) transformation is carried out on the SSVEP induced electroencephalogram signal and the decoding signal obtained by separation in the step 3), and the SSVEP induced electroencephalogram signal and the decoding signal have obvious response at 8Hz, 16Hz for second frequency doubling and 24Hz for third frequency doubling as shown in the spectrogram of figure 4. The decoded signal and the SSVEP-induced brain electrical signal have a consistent frequency characteristic.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides an electroencephalogram detection device based on focused ultrasound spatial coding, includes focused ultrasound wave emission module, electric signal acquisition module, different frequency signal separation and decoding module and signal characteristic extraction module. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the focused ultrasonic wave transmitting module is used for generating and transmitting focused ultrasonic pulse waves to the brain; focusing the focused ultrasonic waves on the brain functional area corresponding to the stimulation signals;
the electric signal acquisition module is used for acquiring a mixed signal of an induced electroencephalogram signal and an ultrasonic coding signal, wherein the ultrasonic coding signal is a signal generated under the condition of coupling an electric field of the induced electroencephalogram signal with a sound field of a focused ultrasonic pulse wave;
the different-frequency signal separation and decoding module is used for respectively carrying out low-pass filtering and high-pass filtering on the mixed signals collected by the electric signal collection module according to the characteristics of the induced electroencephalogram signals as low-frequency signals and the central frequency and the repetition frequency of the focused ultrasonic pulse waves to respectively obtain the induced electroencephalogram signals and ultrasonic coded signals, and carrying out hilbert transformation on the ultrasonic coded signals obtained by separation to obtain ultrasonic decoding signals;
and the signal characteristic extraction module is used for extracting the waveform and the frequency characteristic of the separated induced electroencephalogram signal and the decoded signal.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the external stimulus is applied to the subject such that the subject responds to the stimulus and generates a corresponding evoked brain electrical signal in the corresponding brain functional region.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said induced brain electrical signal is an SSVEP induced brain electrical signal.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the focused ultrasound wave emitting module generates a focused ultrasound pulse wave with a center frequency of 1MHz, an ultrasound pulse repetition frequency of 80Hz, a focal length of 22mm, and an acoustic intensity at the focal spot of 1.51 MPa.
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| CN112220494A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-15 | 天津大学 | Acoustic-electric nerve imaging system based on pulse repetition frequency |
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