CN111642626A - Feed additive for promoting growth of aquatic animals and application thereof - Google Patents
Feed additive for promoting growth of aquatic animals and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed additive for promoting healthy growth of aquatic animals and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of prevention and treatment of aquatic animal diseases. The feed additive disclosed by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45-90% of grape seed extract; 10 to 55 percent of tea extract; the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent. The grape seed extract and the tea extract adopted by the invention have the functions of resisting oxidation, removing free radicals, promoting growth and inhibiting bacteria, but the main component procyanidin is bioflavonoid, the tea polyphenol is a mixture consisting of fused ring aromatic hydrocarbon and derivatives thereof, the structure is different, the mechanism acting on the organism is different, the two components are compounded, the advantages are complementary, and the effect is better. The invention adopts Chinese herbal medicine extracts, is non-toxic and pollution-free, and has no hidden danger of damaging the culture ecological environment and drug residue of aquatic products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of prevention and treatment of aquatic animal diseases, and particularly relates to a feed additive for promoting healthy growth of aquatic animals and application thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of intensive aquaculture, the aquaculture density is gradually increased, and the problems of aquatic animal diseases caused by the feeding of formula feed, water quality deterioration, seed quality degradation and the like are solved, while the problems of water body pollution and aquatic product drug residue caused by the large amount of drug use are solved, so that the aquatic animals can grow healthily, the diseases are reduced, the drug use is reduced, healthy and high-quality aquatic products are provided for consumers while the yield is ensured, and the current aquaculture dilemma is realized.
For the above reasons, the present application has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The feed additive refers to a certain or some trace substances added into the feed for a certain special requirement. The main functions are as follows: (1) the deficiency of nutrient components in the compound feed is supplemented, and the utilization rate of the feed is improved; (2) the taste of the feed is improved, and the palatability is improved; (3) promoting normal development and accelerated growth of animals, improving product quality, and preventing and treating animal diseases; (4) improve the processing performance of the feed and reduce the loss of nutrient components in the processes of storage, processing and transportation of the feed. The grape seed extract contains procyanidin as main ingredient, is a bioflavonoid with special molecular structure, and has biological activities of resisting oxidation, scavenging free radicals, reducing blood lipid, protecting blood vessel, inhibiting bacteria, resisting inflammation, regulating immunity, etc. Research shows that a certain amount of procyanidine is added into feeds such as gift tilapia, starred fishes, eels and the like, so that the oxidation resistance of fish bodies can be improved, the intestinal health is improved, and the death rate is reduced. The tea extract mainly contains tea polyphenol, is a mixture of fused ring aromatic hydrocarbons and derivatives thereof with complex components, large molecular weight and obvious structural difference, and has the effects of resisting oxidation, bacteria and viruses, reducing fat and the like. Researchers find that the tea polyphenol improves the production performance of livestock, poultry and aquatic animals such as chicks, piglets, rainbow trout and the like, improves the meat quality and improves the nonspecific immunity.
In view of the problems or disadvantages of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a feed additive for promoting healthy growth of aquatic animals and applications thereof. The additive is a compound preparation prepared from grape seed extract and tea extract according to a certain proportion, has the functions of improving the nonspecific immunity and oxidation resistance of cultured animals, enhancing the antibacterial ability and promoting the growth, can be added into feed to enhance the disease resistance of the cultured animals and promote the rapid and healthy growth of the cultured animals.
In order to achieve the first object of the present invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
a feed additive for promoting healthy growth of aquatic animals comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
45 to 90 percent of grape seed extract
10 to 55 percent of tea extract; the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Further, according to the technical scheme, the feed additive for promoting the healthy growth of the aquatic animals comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
55 to 80 percent of grape seed extract
20 to 45 percent of tea extract; the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Furthermore, according to the technical scheme, the feed additive for promoting the healthy growth of the aquatic animals comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
60 to 75 percent of grape seed extract
25 to 40 percent of tea extract; the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the feed additive for promoting the healthy growth of the aquatic animals comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
grape seed extract 70%
30% of tea extract; the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the feed additive for promoting the healthy growth of aquatic animals in aquaculture.
An aquaculture feed comprises the feed additive for promoting the healthy growth of aquatic animals.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the effect is better when the composition is prepared. The grape seed extract and the tea extract adopted by the invention have the functions of resisting oxidation, removing free radicals, promoting growth and inhibiting bacteria, but the main component procyanidin is bioflavonoid, the tea polyphenol is a mixture consisting of fused ring aromatic hydrocarbon and derivatives thereof, the structure is different, the mechanism acting on the organism is different, the two components are compounded, the advantages are complementary, and the effect is better.
(2) Reasonable proportioning and stronger effect. Experiments show that after the grape seed extract and the tea extract are compounded, the growth promoting effect is better, repeated experiments show that the optimal ratio range of the grape seed extract to the tea extract is further optimized to obtain the optimal ratio, and the effects of promoting growth and improving immunity can be achieved.
(3) The effect is good. Experiments show that the compound preparation can not only improve the growth speed of the cultured finless eels, but also enhance the nonspecific immunity of the finless eel organisms and improve the disease resistance, and the survival rate is high (92.3%).
(4) The invention adopts Chinese herbal medicine extracts, is nontoxic and pollution-free, and has no hidden danger of damaging the culture ecological environment and drug residue of aquatic products.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to examples. The present invention is implemented on the premise of the technology of the present invention, and the detailed embodiments and specific procedures are given to illustrate the inventive aspects of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Various modifications to the precise description of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the information contained herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. It is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the procedures, properties, or components defined, as these embodiments, as well as others described, are intended to be merely illustrative of particular aspects of the invention. Indeed, various modifications of the embodiments of the invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art or related fields are intended to be covered by the scope of the appended claims.
For a better understanding of the invention, and not as a limitation on the scope thereof, all numbers expressing quantities, percentages, and other numerical values used in this application are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless expressly indicated otherwise, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained. At the very least, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 (formulation screening)
The tea extract, the grape seed extract and the turmeric extract are found to have the functions of resisting oxidation, resisting bacteria and viruses and promoting growth in daily experimental research, so that the three components are combined and compounded for experiment, the weight gain rate and the survival rate of the finless eel are taken as investigation indexes, and the specific test method is as follows.
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials
Compounding the tea extract, the grape seed extract and the turmeric extract, wherein the test groups comprise 4 compounding groups as follows:
grape seed extract: tea extract (mass ratio 1: 1); grape seed extract: turmeric extract (mass ratio 1: 1); tea extract: turmeric extract (mass ratio 1: 1); grape seed extract: tea extract: turmeric extract (mass ratio 1: 1); common finless eel feed is used as a control group.
1.2 test methods
The test is divided into 4 groups, 1 control group and 3 test groups, each group is 3 parallel, 100 finless eels are placed in parallel, the control group feeds common finless eels, the test groups feed feeds with the feed added with the compound groups respectively, and the addition amount of each drug (compound group) in the feed is 1%. Feeding twice a day, respectively feeding once at 9:00 and 16:00, wherein the feeding amount is the same for each time, and the experiment lasts for 30 days.
1.3 Effect on finless eel growth
Fasting is carried out for 24 hours before test sampling, all net cages are fished up during sampling, the mantissa of the finless eel in each net cage is counted, and then 10 finless eels are randomly pumped out from each net cage to measure the weight.
The weight gain rate and the survival rate of the test finless eels are respectively calculated by the following formulas.
(W) rate of increase in weightt－W0)/W0]×100％
Survival rate ═ residual tail at end of test ÷ initial stocking tail) × 100%
In the formula: wtAnd W0Final and initial average weights, g, respectively; t is the experimental period, 30 d.
The test results are shown in table 1 below. As can be seen from table 1, the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the finless eels in each compound group are significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05), wherein the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the grape seed extract and the tea extract are significantly higher than those in other compound groups (P <0.05), the weight gain rate of each other compound group has significant difference (P <0.05), and for the survival rate, the grape seed extract and turmeric extract compound group has no significant difference (P >0.05) with the tea extract and turmeric extract compound group, and the tea extract and turmeric extract compound group has no significant difference (P >0.05) with the three compound groups. Therefore, the compounding effect of the grape seed extract and the tea extract is the best.
TABLE 14 comparison of the effects of the combination of the compositions on the survival rate and the weight gain rate
| Group of | Survival rate (%) | Weight gain (%) |
| Grape seed extract: tea extract (1:1) | 85.45±2.47a | 1.59±0.06a |
| Grape seed extract: turmeric extract (1:1) | 82.32±1.86b | 1.52±0.03b |
| Tea extract: turmeric extract (1:1) | 80.64±2.04bc | 1.53±0.05c |
| Grape seed extract: tea extract: turmeric extract (1:1) | 79.20±2.46c | 1.49±0.07d |
| Control group | 75.5±2.23d | 1.45±0.04e |
Example 2 (ratio screening)
The optimal formula screened in the example 1 is selected, and the combination ratio of the grape seed extract and the tea extract is further optimized. The compound preparation is prepared according to the proportions in the table 2, the same test and test methods in the example 1 are adopted, the weight gain rate and the survival rate of the finless eels are taken as investigation indexes, and the results show that the compound preparation prepared according to the proportions can obviously improve the weight gain rate and the survival rate (p <0.05), and when the proportions of the grape seed extract and the tea extract are 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2, the weight gain rate and the survival rate are obviously higher than those of the single preparation (p <0.05), wherein the weight gain rate and the survival rate of the 3:1 and 2:1 groups are obviously higher than those of other groups (p < 0.05). Therefore, the optimal proportion of the compound preparation is determined to be 3: 1-2: 1.
TABLE 2 Table of different ratios of compound preparations
Example 3
A feed additive for promoting healthy growth of aquatic animals comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
grape seed extract 70%
30% of tea extract; the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Example 4 Effect of Compound preparation on growth and non-specific Immunity of Monopteri albi
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials
Grape seed extract, tea extract and compound preparation (70%: 30%)
1.2 test methods
The test is divided into 4 groups, 1 control group and 3 test groups, each group is 3 parallel, 100 finless eels are placed in parallel, the control group feeds common finless eels, the test groups feed feeds with feeds respectively added with grape seed extract, tea extract and compound preparation, and the feed addition amount of each medicine is 1%. Feeding twice a day, respectively feeding once at 9:00 and 16:00, wherein the feeding amount is the same for each time, and the experiment lasts for 30 days.
1.3 Effect on finless eel growth
Fasting is carried out for 24 hours before test sampling, all net cages are fished up during sampling, the mantissa of the finless eel in each net cage is counted, and then 10 finless eels are randomly pumped out from each net cage to measure the weight.
The weight gain rate, Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and survival rate of the test finless eels are respectively calculated by the following formulas.
(W) rate of increase in weightt－W0)/W0]×100％
Specific Growth Rate (SGR) 100 × (In W)t－In W0)/t
Survival rate ═ residual tail at end of test ÷ initial stocking tail) × 100%
In the formula: wtAnd W0Final and initial average weights, g, respectively; t is the experimental period, 30 d.
1.4 Effect on nonspecific immunity of Monopteri albi
Taking 6 finless eel tails per group, cutting off the tail, taking blood, centrifuging at 4000r/min at 4 ℃ after blood coagulation for 10min, collecting serum, and freezing for later use. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), complement C3, and complement C4, and was measured using Nanjing's kit.
1.5 data analysis
All data were analyzed for significance using the SPSS17.0 statistical software LSD method, and then multiple comparisons were performed using the Duncan method. Each data is expressed as mean. + -. standard deviation (mean. + -. SD) of the data from 3 replicates, with significant differences expressed as P < 0.05.
2 results of the test
2.1 Effect on finless eel growth
The test results in table 3 show that the weight gain rate, specific growth rate and survival rate of the three drug groups are all significantly higher than those of the control group (P is less than 0.05), and the difference between the drug groups is significant (P is less than 0.05). The compound preparation has the advantages that the weight gain rate of the finless eel is 65.31 percent, the specific growth rate is 1.67 percent, the survival rate is 92.3 percent, and the compound preparation is higher than other two medicinal herbs, so that the weight gain rate, the specific growth rate and the survival rate of the finless eel can be obviously improved by the grape seed extract, the tea extract and the compound preparation, and the compound preparation has the best effect.
TABLE 3 comparison of growth of finless eel with formulation
| Group of | Initial body weight g | Terminal body weight g | The weight gain rate% | Specific growth rate% | The survival rate is high |
| Grape seed extract | 23.17±2.04 | 37.54±1.93 | 62.02±1.43b | 1.63±0.05b | 88.7±2.05b |
| Tea leaf extract | 21.36±2.35 | 33.49±2.11 | 56.79±1.53c | 1.50±0.06c | 83.7±2.62c |
| Compound preparation | 22.86±1.94 | 37.79±2.27 | 65.31±1.68a | 1.67±0.07a | 92.3±1.25a |
| Control group | 22.75±2.15 | 34.13±2.38 | 50.02±1.35d | 1.36±0.06d | 78.0±2.16d |
Note: different letters after the same column of data in the table indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05).
2.2 influence on nonspecific immune index of Monopteri albi
The results in table 4 show that the AST and ALT enzyme activities of the three medicinal herbs are all obviously smaller than those of the control group (P is less than 0.05), and the difference between the medicinal groups is obvious (P is less than 0.05), wherein the compound preparation is less than the grape seed extract and less than the tea extract; the activity of ALP, ACP, SOD and NOS enzymes and the contents of complements C3 and C4 are all obviously higher than that of a control group (P is less than 0.05), and the difference between drug groups is obvious (P is less than 0.05), wherein the compound preparation is more than a grape seed extract and more than a tea extract. The three medicines can obviously reduce ALT and AST enzyme activities in blood serum, improve ALP, SOD, NOS and ACP enzyme activities in blood serum, and increase the contents of complements C3 and C4 (P is less than 0.05), wherein the compound preparation has the best effect.
TABLE 4 influence of the preparation on nonspecific immune index of Monopteri albi
Note: different letters after the same column of data in the table indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05).
The weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the finless eel are important indexes for measuring the growth of the fish, the grape seed extract, the tea extract and the compound preparation prepared by compounding the grape seed extract and the tea extract are added into the feed, and the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the finless eel fed by the feed are higher than those of a control group fed by a common compound feed. The grape seed extract, the tea extract and the compound preparation can promote the growth of the finless eel, wherein the compound preparation has the best effect.
Serum transaminase (AST, ALT and the like) is a sensitive index of damage of liver cells, and the increase of transaminase reflects the degree of damage of liver cells to a certain extent. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and lysozyme are main humoral immune factors in fish nonspecific immunity, and in general, the activities of the three enzymes are increased, which means that the fish body has a good immune state and the body immunity is also improved. Nitric Oxide (NOS) is produced by arginine catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase in the body, is a regulator and effector molecule in various organisms, is also a nerve messenger, and can regulate inflammation caused by infection, and can immunosuppress the inflammation, etc., so the activity of nitric oxide synthase can reflect the health condition and disease resistance of the organism to a certain extent. The important antioxidant enzyme in superoxide dismutase (SOD) can block and repair the damage of oxygen free radical in organism to cell. Complement is an important component of fish against microbial infection, and has the effects of dissolving and conditioning body target cells after activation, while C3 and C4 are main components of the complement system.
By utilizing the formula preparation, the activity of transaminase is reduced, and the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, superoxide dismutase, complement C3 and C4 in serum are obviously improved, so that the grape seed extract, the tea extract and a compound preparation prepared by compounding the grape seed extract and the tea extract can obviously improve the nonspecific immunity of the finless eel, and the compound preparation has the best action effect.
In conclusion, the compound preparation provided by the invention can enhance the nonspecific immunity of the cultured finless eels, promote the growth of the finless eels and improve the culture survival rate.
Claims (6)
1. A feed additive for promoting healthy growth of aquatic animals is characterized in that: the composition consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
45 to 90 percent of grape seed extract
10 to 55 percent of tea extract; the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
2. The feed additive for promoting healthy growth of aquatic animals according to claim 1, wherein: the composition consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
55 to 80 percent of grape seed extract
20 to 45 percent of tea extract; the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
3. The feed additive for promoting healthy growth of aquatic animals according to claim 2, wherein: the composition consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
60 to 75 percent of grape seed extract
25 to 40 percent of tea extract; the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
4. A feed additive for promoting the healthy growth of aquatic animals according to claim 3, wherein: the composition consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
grape seed extract 70%
30% of tea extract; the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
5. Use of a feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4 for promoting healthy growth of aquatic animals in aquaculture.
6. An aquaculture feed, characterized in that: a feed additive for promoting the healthy growth of aquatic animals according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117044832A (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2023-11-14 | 广州市联鲲生物科技有限公司 | Additive, preparation method and application thereof in improving muscle quality of grass carp |
| CN117044832B (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2024-05-24 | 广州市联鲲生物科技有限公司 | Additive, preparation method and application thereof in improving muscle quality of grass carp |
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| CN109566957A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-05 | 成都八骏科技有限公司 | Feeding complex natural antioxidant and preparation method thereof |
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- 2020-06-29 CN CN202010603659.1A patent/CN111642626A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109566957A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-05 | 成都八骏科技有限公司 | Feeding complex natural antioxidant and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117044832A (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2023-11-14 | 广州市联鲲生物科技有限公司 | Additive, preparation method and application thereof in improving muscle quality of grass carp |
| CN117044832B (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2024-05-24 | 广州市联鲲生物科技有限公司 | Additive, preparation method and application thereof in improving muscle quality of grass carp |
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