CN111642359B - Green soil moisture conservation slow-release composite organic culture medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Green soil moisture conservation slow-release composite organic culture medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111642359B CN111642359B CN202010553932.4A CN202010553932A CN111642359B CN 111642359 B CN111642359 B CN 111642359B CN 202010553932 A CN202010553932 A CN 202010553932A CN 111642359 B CN111642359 B CN 111642359B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic culture mediums, and particularly relates to a green soil moisture preservation slow-release composite organic culture medium and a preparation method thereof. The organic cultivation medium with the soil moisture preservation and slow release functions is prepared from the raw materials of edible fungus fermentation fungus chaff, attapulgite clay, potassium humate and the like through chemical polymerization, physical crosslinking and mixed compounding. The method has simple process and lower cost, and the prepared organic culture medium has higher water absorption and nutrient release effects and overcomes the defects of single function, poor gel property, difficult degradation and higher preparation cost of the traditional macromolecular water-absorbent resin. The invention also solves the problems of long composting fermentation period, easy loss of nutrients and the like of the organic/inorganic compound organic culture medium. The fertilizer is suitable for water absorption, water retention, fertilizer retention and fertilizer release of agricultural and forestry soil, and after the fertilizer is used, the soil structure can be improved, the drought resistance, saline-alkali resistance of crops are improved, the water absorption and moisture retention capability of the soil is enhanced, the fertilizer loss and environmental pollution are reduced, and the crop yield is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic culture substrates, and particularly relates to an organic culture substrate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the cultivation scale of edible fungi in China is continuously enlarged, and the cultivation technology of the edible fungi is changed from the original cut-log cultivation to the cultivation of fungus chaff. However, except that a small amount of the conventional edible Fungus Chaff (FC) is used as livestock and poultry feed, most of the conventional edible fungus chaff is discarded or burned after being used, so that resources are wasted, and environmental pollution is easily caused. The fermented mushroom bran has high content of crude protein and crude fat, and also contains amino acid, polysaccharide and various mineral elements, and the chemical composition and the physical and chemical properties of the fermented mushroom bran can effectively change the aggregate structure in soil, increase the content of organic substances in the soil and improve the soil fertility. Therefore, the fermentation fungus chaff can be used as a raw material to develop a novel organic culture medium with low cost and multiple functions.
At present, most of methods for preparing organic culture substrates by utilizing mushroom bran are produced in a fermentation composting mode, the preparation period is long, the efficiency is not high, the function is single, the functions of water retention and slow release are not provided, and new environmental pollution is easily caused in the fermentation composting process. However, the patent of preparing the multifunctional organic culture medium by using the fermentation fungus chaff is not common. The patent of 'method for preparing high water absorption resin material by using fermentation fungus chaff' (application number: 201110323825.3) relates to that wood chip substrate agaric fermentation fungus chaff, pholiota nameko fermentation fungus chaff, oyster mushroom fermentation fungus chaff or shiitake mushroom fermentation fungus chaff and the like are used as raw materials, a microwave method is adopted to prepare water absorption material, but the method is only limited to the fermentation fungus chaff using wood chips as substrate. The patent 'method for preparing composite high water absorbent material by dregs of edible fungi fermentation fungus chaff and application thereof' (application number: 201910509746.8) relates to a method for preparing composite high water absorbent material by dregs of edible fungi fermentation fungus chaff and application thereof, and mainly comprises the steps of fermenting the by-product fungus chaff generated by dregs of edible fungi cultivation, and then forming the gelatinous water absorbent resin by chemical crosslinking reaction. However, the water-absorbent resin prepared by the method has poor gel strength in the using process, the structure is very easy to loosen after water absorption, the water absorption and the water retention are reduced, and in addition, the resin does not have the nutrient slow release capacity.
Attapulgite clay (ATP) is a naturally-formed water-containing magnesium-rich silicate clay mineral with a special fibrous crystal structure, has a unique one-dimensional fibrous structure and a developed microporous structure, so that the internal and external surface areas of the clay are large, and a large number of hydrophilic hydroxyl groups are distributed on the surface of the clay, so that the clay shows unique dispersibility, plasticity, cohesive force and physical adsorption characteristics, and is widely applied to the fields of environment and agriculture.
At present, most of agricultural high polymer materials prepared by taking attapulgite as a raw material are organic/inorganic hybrid water-retaining agents prepared by taking acrylic acid or acrylamide as a monomer through graft polymerization, most of the organic/inorganic hybrid water-retaining agents have single functions, only play a role in water absorption and water retention, and do not have a fertilizer slow-release effect. Such as: in the prior patent of invention, the method for preparing the water-retaining agent by using acrylamide and attapulgite (application number: CN 200710015031.4) mainly adopts an aqueous solution polymerization method, takes the attapulgite clay and the acrylamide as comonomers, and generates copolymerization reaction under the action of an initiator to obtain super absorbent resin; however, the water-absorbent resin is mainly applied to oil field production, does not have a fertilizer slow release function, and does not relate to the field of agricultural planting. In the prior patent, cheap attapulgite, humic acid, acrylic acid and acrylamide are used as main raw materials of a composite water-retaining agent, an initiator and a cross-linking agent are added, and the composite water-retaining agent is prepared by graft copolymerization, cross-linking, washing, drying and crushing in an aqueous solution. However, in view of the use effect, the use of a large amount of raw materials such as acrylic acid causes the biodegradability of the water-retaining agent to be poor, the water-retaining agent is difficult to naturally degrade, and the long-term use causes serious environmental pollution.
Humic acid is a functional organic compound mainly containing fat and aromatic compounds, is an important nutrient substance in soil, and can remarkably improve the growth and development levels of crops. In addition, the humic acid is rich in hydrophilic groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, enol group and the like, can be complexed with inorganic ions in soil to form aggregates, stabilizes and improves the soil microstructure, and the hydrophilic groups are easy to generate chemical crosslinking and electrostatic adsorption with zymophyte bran and attapulgite clay, and have potential as a composite water-retention slow-release material. Therefore, the method combines the fermentation fungus chaff, the attapulgite clay and the potassium humate (SH) to prepare a novel multifunctional organic culture medium which is green, environment-friendly, pollution-free, easy to degrade, has the functions of water absorption, water retention and fertilizer holding and slow release, and has good ecological environment effect and production and application values.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel multifunctional composite organic culture medium which is green and environment-friendly, has no pollution, is easy to degrade, and has the functions of water absorption, water retention, fertilizer retention and slow release, and a preparation method thereof.
According to the composite organic culture medium provided by the invention, attapulgite clay, edible fermentation mushroom bran, potassium humate and other raw materials are effectively combined, and a novel composite organic culture medium is obtained through chemical polymerization, physical crosslinking and blending compounding and is marked as the attapulgite clay/edible fermentation mushroom bran/potassium humate composite organic culture medium; the composite organic culture medium has the functions of water absorption and soil moisture preservation, fertilizer holding and slow release, and the fermentation fungus chaff is loose and porous and is easy to degrade, so that the good water absorption and water retention performance of gel is maintained, meanwhile, the use of a large amount of chemical raw materials such as acrylic acid is reduced, the environmental pollution risk is reduced, and the composite organic culture medium is a green and environment-friendly multifunctional organic culture medium.
According to the invention, a large amount of hydroxyl distributed on the surface of the attapulgite clay and the fermentation mushroom bran are chemically crosslinked to form the organic/inorganic composite gel, and due to the inherent adhesive property of the attapulgite clay, the composite gel is endowed with good mechanical property, so that the problems of loose structure and poor gel capability of the water-retaining agent prepared based on the fermentation mushroom bran at present are solved. In addition, the potassium humate is rich in anions and cations with different charges, and the proper amount of potassium humate can be added into the attapulgite clay and the fermentation fungus chaff molecules through chemical bonding and electrostatic attraction, so that the mechanical property of the composite gel is further enhanced, and the potassium humate can be slowly released in the using process to provide nutrients necessary for the growth of crops. Therefore, the defects that the existing humic acid fertilizer has long fermentation period and does not have the slow release function are overcome.
The preparation method of the organic culture medium provided by the invention comprises the following specific steps:
(1) purification of attapulgite clay: firstly, crushing attapulgite raw soil into clay powder of 150-200 meshes; then adding the mixture into a sodium pyrophosphate solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-2.5%, and stirring at a high speed until the mixture is uniformly mixed; then heating to 30-50 ℃, continuously stirring for 0.5-2H, standing for layering, extracting upper-layer turbid liquid, and adding H3PO4No bubble escapes from the reaction; after ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 15-45 min, the mixture is vigorously stirred for 2.5-5 h, aged for 24-48 h at room temperature, centrifugally separated to remove supernatant, collected and dried at 80-100 ℃ for lower-layer solids to obtain purified attapulgite clay, ground and sieved by a 200-mesh screen for later use;
(2) pretreating edible fungus fermentation fungus chaff: repeatedly washing the edible fungus fermentation fungus chaff with distilled water until no residue exists; drying at 40-60 ℃, then putting into a ball mill for grinding for 5-10 min, respectively taking 10-20 parts of zymophyte bran powder and 50-60 parts of deionized water according to mass fraction, and performing ultrasonic gelatinization under the stirring condition;
(3) respectively weighing 40-60 parts by weight of deionized water and 5-10 parts by weight of attapulgite clay, placing the deionized water and the attapulgite clay into a three-neck flask, adding 10-20 parts by weight of ultrasonically gelatinized fermentation fungus chaff and 1-2 parts by weight of potassium humate, adjusting the pH to be 9.0-10.0, stirring and mixing, and ultrasonically dispersing until the mixture is uniform to obtain a matrix dispersion liquid;
(4) respectively taking 40-50 parts by weight of deionized water and 20-30 parts by weight of acrylic acid, fully stirring in a cold water bath, and adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the neutralization degree to 60-70%; then adding 4-5 parts of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide solution, and stirring uniformly to obtain a polymerization monomer solution;
(5) placing 40-50 parts of matrix dispersion liquid and 10-20 parts of monomer solution into a three-neck flask, dropwise adding 4-5 parts of potassium persulfate solution, adjusting the temperature, performing heat preservation reaction at 40-45 ℃ for 20-30 min, heating to 70-75 ℃, and reacting for 2-3 h; after the reaction is finished, taking out the product for cooling, soaking and extracting the product for 6-8 h by using an ethanol solution, taking out the product, drying the product in vacuum, crushing and sieving the product to obtain a water-retaining slow-release auxiliary agent;
(6) fully stirring 20-30 parts of purified attapulgite clay, 40-55 parts of zymophyte bran powder and 10-20 parts of water-retaining slow-release auxiliary agent to obtain a dry cultivation matrix;
(7) adding 5-10 parts of granulation auxiliary agents into the uniformly mixed dry cultivation substrate, uniformly spraying 1-2 parts of wetting agents, and then feeding into a granulator for granulation;
(8) and drying the obtained granular culture medium, screening, and packaging the screened qualified granules.
In the invention, the attapulgite is natural rod-shaped aluminosilicate mineral clay, has the characteristics of water molecule adsorption, ion exchange, cohesiveness and the like, and has a specific surface area of about 90-200 cm2·g。
In the invention, the fermentation fungus chaff is at least one of edible fungus chaff fermented by pleurotus cornucopiae, oyster mushroom, agaricus bisporus, pleurotus eryngii, agrocybe cylindracea, golden needle, pleurotus citrinopileatus, black fungus, lyophyllum decastes and the like; or the mixture of more than two.
The invention discloses an auxiliary agent with water retention and slow release functions, which is prepared from attapulgite clay (ATP), edible fungus fermentation Fungus Chaff (FC), potassium humate (SH), Acrylic Acid (AA), N-Methylene Bisacrylamide (MBA) and potassium persulfate solution (KPS) by adopting an aqueous solution polymerization method. Wherein the using amount of the attapulgite clay and the edible fungus fermentation fungus chaff matrix dispersion liquid is 40-50 parts; 10-20 parts of acrylic acid and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide solution and 4-5 parts of potassium persulfate solution; the potassium humate is used as an organic fertilizer, and the using amount of the potassium humate is 3-5% of the total mass of the water-retaining slow-release functional auxiliary agent.
In the step (3), the pH is adjusted by using 0.05-0.1 mol/L sodium carbonate solution.
In the step (4), 0.5-1.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution is adopted for neutralizing the acrylic acid monomer solution.
In step (7) of the present invention, the granulation aid comprises the following components: the biological agent comprises attapulgite clay, biochar, quicklime, peat, humic acid solution, fulvic acid solution, ulmic acid solution, black humic acid solution, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and sodium stearate.
In step (7) of the present invention, the wetting agent comprises any one or a combination of several of deionized water, ethanol, Span and Tween.
In the step (8), the drying temperature is constant within the range of 80-105 ℃.
The green soil moisture conservation slow-release functional organic culture medium prepared by the invention has great application value in the aspects of agricultural cultivation, fruit and vegetable planting and flower seedling culture, particularly in the aspects of developing water-saving agriculture and performing desertification control in water resource shortage areas.
The method for measuring the liquid absorption rate of the culture substrate prepared by the invention comprises the following steps:
accurately weighing mass m1Adding appropriate amount of distilled water or 1% NaCl solution into the culture medium, magnetically stirring for 30min to make it fully swell, slowly pouring into 70 μm nylon mesh bag, suspending and standing until there is no drop, weighing the gel mass m when swelling is balanced2Difference of the values m1The ratio is the liquid absorption rate.
The determination method of the water retention rate comprises the following steps: accurately weighing 1.0g of culture medium, uniformly mixing with 100g of dry soil (< 30 meshes), placing in a PVC tube (20 cm multiplied by 5 cm) with the bottom sealed by a nylon net (70 mu M), weighing, and recording the total weight as M0. Running water is slowly injected from the upper end of the soil pillar pipe until water seeps out from the bottom. Standing until no water seeps from the bottom of the soil column pipe, weighing again, and recording the total weight as M1. Placing at room temperature, weighing the soil column tube every 3 days, and recording as MiAnd continuously weighing for 30 days. The water retention of the sample was (M)i-M0)/(M1-M0)×100%。
A method for measuring the slow release performance of humic acid in a culture medium adopts a standard method: DB 21/T1322-one 2004 determination, the slow release performance of the potash fertilizer adopts a standard method: GBT 8574-.
The method is environment-friendly, simple in process and low in cost; the product has higher water absorption and nutrient release effects, is easy to degrade, and overcomes the defects of single function, poor gel property, difficult degradation and higher preparation cost of the traditional high-molecular water-absorbent resin. The invention also solves the problems that the common organic/inorganic compound organic culture medium on the market has long stack retting fermentation period, easily runs off nutrients, can not meet the nutritional requirement of crops in the whole growth period, and has poor water absorption and retention performance and the like. Tests prove that the distilled water absorption rate of the product can reach 350g/g, the saline absorption rate can reach 68g/g, and the water release rate of the resin can reach 72.0%; and potassium humate in the resin can be continuously and slowly released in distilled water for 30 days, and the fertilizer has good slow release capacity. Therefore, the fertilizer is suitable for water absorption, water retention, fertilizer retention and fertilizer release of agricultural and forestry soil, and after the fertilizer is used, the soil structure can be improved, the drought resistance and saline-alkali resistance of crops are improved, the water absorption and soil moisture retention capability of the soil can be enhanced, the problems of fertilizer loss and environmental pollution are reduced, the water-fertilizer balance of the soil is kept, and the yield of the crops is obviously improved. Therefore, the organic cultivation medium is a novel multifunctional organic cultivation medium which is green, can preserve soil moisture and can be slowly released, and has great application value in the aspects of agricultural cultivation and fruit and vegetable planting, particularly in the aspect of carrying out desertification control in water resource shortage areas and developing water-saving agriculture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) photograph of the water retention aid for composite organic cultivation medium of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an infrared spectrum of the water retention aid for the composite organic cultivation substrate of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the comparison of the water retention aid of the composite organic cultivation medium before and after swelling.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the water absorption rate of the composite organic culture medium of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a water retention property curve of the composite organic cultivation medium of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of potassium humate released from the composite organic culture medium of the present invention and time.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
(1) sending attapulgite raw soil into a pulverizer to be pulverized and sieving to obtain 150-mesh clay powder;
(2) adding the attapulgite clay powder into a sodium pyrophosphate solution with the mass concentration of 1.0%, and stirring at a high speed until the attapulgite clay powder and the sodium pyrophosphate solution are uniformly mixed; then heating to 40 ℃, continuing stirring for 1.0H, standing for layering, extracting upper suspension, and adding H3PO4Reacting until no bubbles escape;
(3) ultrasonically dispersing the suspension for 20min, strongly stirring for 2.5h, aging at room temperature for 24h, centrifuging by using a high-speed centrifuge, removing the supernatant, and collecting the lower-layer solid; drying in oven at 80 deg.C, grinding, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve;
(4) repeatedly washing the oyster mushroom fermentation fungus chaff with distilled water until no residue exists; drying at 40 ℃, then grinding in a ball mill for 5min, respectively taking 10 parts of oyster mushroom zymocyte bran powder and 50 parts of deionized water according to mass fraction, and performing ultrasonic gelatinization under stirring for later use;
(5) respectively weighing 40 parts of deionized water and 5 parts of attapulgite clay according to parts by weight, placing the deionized water and the attapulgite clay into a three-neck flask, adding 10 parts of ultrasonically gelatinized oyster mushroom fermentation fungus chaff and 1 part of potassium humate, adjusting the pH to be =9.0, stirring and mixing, and ultrasonically dispersing until the mixture is uniform to obtain a matrix dispersion liquid;
(6) respectively taking 40 parts by weight of deionized water and 20 parts by weight of acrylic acid, fully stirring in a cold water bath, and then adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the neutralization degree to 60%; then adding 4 parts of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide solution, and stirring the mixture uniformly to obtain a polymerization monomer solution;
(7) placing 50 parts of matrix dispersion liquid and 20 parts of monomer solution into a three-neck flask, dropwise adding 5 parts of potassium persulfate solution, adjusting the temperature, keeping the temperature at 40 ℃ for reaction for 20min, and then heating to 75 ℃ for reaction for 3 h; after the reaction is finished, taking out the product, cooling, soaking and extracting for 6h by using an ethanol solution, taking out the product, drying in vacuum, crushing and sieving to obtain the water-retaining slow-release functional auxiliary agent;
(8) fully stirring 25 parts of purified attapulgite clay, 50 parts of fermented oyster mushroom bran powder and 15 parts of water-retention slow-release auxiliary agent to obtain a dry cultivation matrix;
(9) adding 10 parts of granulation auxiliary agent (the composition and the mass fraction of the granulation auxiliary agent are respectively 60% of attapulgite clay, 20% of quicklime, 10% of peat, 5% of humic acid solution, 4% of sodium carbonate and 1% of sodium dodecyl sulfate) into the uniformly mixed dry cultivation substrate, then uniformly spraying 2 parts of wetting agent (the composition and the mass fraction of the wetting agent are respectively 60% of water, 30% of ethanol and 10%) and then sending the mixture into a granulator for granulation;
(10) drying the obtained granular culture medium, screening, and packaging the screened qualified granules;
(11) characterizing the micro-morphology of the synthesized water-retention slow-release functional auxiliary agent by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM); spraying gold on the surface of the prepared water retention functional additive, observing the appearance of the water retention functional additive by using a field emission scanning electron microscope, wherein as shown in figure 1, through graft polymerization reaction, fermentation fungus chaff, attapulgite clay and acrylic acid are chemically crosslinked to form a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure, a large number of pore channels appear on the surface after swelling, the pore diameters are distributed in the range of dozens to several microns, and the pore channels are communicated with each other and uniformly distributed in a high molecular network, so that the specific surface area of the water retention additive is increased, and the swelling capacity of the water retention additive is improved;
(12) the chemical structure of the synthesized water-retaining slow-release functional auxiliary agent is characterized by adopting an infrared absorption spectrum, firstly taking 1mg of zymocyte bran powder, attapulgite clay, potassium humate and the synthesized water-retaining auxiliary agent, respectively mixing the zymocyte bran powder, the attapulgite clay, the potassium humate and the synthesized water-retaining auxiliary agent with 100mg of potassium bromide in an agate mortar, and grinding the mixture until the particle size is reached<Tabletting and sample preparation after 0.071 mm, testing on a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and scanning in the range of 500-4000 cm-1The specific results are shown in FIG. 2; as can be seen from FIG. 2, the infrared spectrogram of the attapulgite clay (ATP) is 3400-3550 cm-1The broad peak is O-H stretching vibration peak 1667 cm-1Is characterized by attapulgite characteristic vibration peak of 989 cm-1In which-O-Si-O-elongation appearsVibration peak, 669 cm-1Is a-O-Mg-O-characteristic absorption peak of the attapulgite; in the infrared spectrogram of fermented bran (FC), the spectrum is at 3400cm-1The broad peak is O-H stretching vibration peak, 2919 cm-1In the presence of-CH3and-CH2C-H stretching vibration absorption peak in-and, further, 1067cm-1And 1398cm-1The stretching vibration of-C-O-C-in a sugar unit structure obtained after fermentation of the fungus chaff cellulose appears, and the absorption peaks are characteristic absorption peaks of a hemicellulose structure; furthermore 1620cm-1The characteristic absorption peak appearing nearby corresponds to an N-H stretching vibration peak in amino acid, and is 990-1020 cm-1The characteristic spectral band appearing in the range is the typical absorption peak of oligosaccharide, which shows that the hemicellulose in the fungus bran is converted into the oligosaccharide through fermentation and hydrolysis; infrared spectroscopy of potassium humate; 3300-3400 cm-1The range of the O-H stretching vibration peak in the hydroxyl appears; 1700cm-1A stretching vibration absorption peak of-C = O-in the carboxylate ion appears; 1550-1480 cm-1The absorption peak in the range corresponds to the skeleton vibration in the benzene ring, which shows that aromatic compounds exist in the humic acid; furthermore, 1100 to 1030cm-1The absorption peaks in the range correspond to C-O stretching vibration in saccharides, alcohols, alicyclic rings and fats; 730cm-1Nearby appears (CH)2）nThe fragment of the humic acid swings (n is more than or equal to 4), which indicates that the structure of the humic acid also contains aliphatic compounds; according to the infrared spectrum of the FC/ATP/SH polymer, the absorption peaks of the hydroxyl groups corresponding to the fermentation fungus chaff, the attapulgite clay and the humic acid are obviously weakened or even disappeared after polymerization, which shows that the hydroxyl groups are subjected to grafting reaction, and in addition, the characteristic absorption peaks of the fermentation fungus chaff, the attapulgite clay and the humic acid appear in the infrared spectrum of the polymer, but all the absorption peaks are shifted to different degrees, which shows that the three components are crosslinked and inserted into a polymer network to form the polymer;
(13) the water absorption rate of the organic functional culture medium is measured according to the following method:
accurately weighing mass m1Adding appropriate amount of distilled water or 1% NaCl solution into the culture medium, magnetically stirring for 30min to make it fully swell, slowly pouring 70 μm of NiSuspending and standing the bag until no liquid drops exist, and weighing the mass m of the gel when the swelling is balanced2(ii) a Sample absorbency of (m)2-m1)/m1X is 100%; the measurement result shows that the water absorption multiplying power of the prepared organic functional culture medium to distilled water is 327 g/g; the water absorption rate to saline water is 56 g/g;
(14) the water retention of the organic functional culture medium was measured as follows:
measuring the water retention rate; determination of water retention of the sample: accurately weighing 1.0g of culture medium, uniformly mixing with 100g of dry soil (< 30 meshes), placing in a PVC tube (20 cm multiplied by 5 cm) with the bottom sealed by a nylon net (70 mu M), weighing, and recording the total weight as M0(ii) a Slowly injecting tap water from the upper end of the soil column pipe until water seeps out from the bottom; standing until no water seeps from the bottom of the soil column pipe, weighing again, and recording the total weight as M1(ii) a Placing at room temperature, weighing the soil column tube every 3 days, and recording as MiContinuously weighing for 30 days; the water retention of the sample was (M)i-M0)/(M1-M0) X is 100%; the determination result shows that the water retention rate of the prepared organic functional culture medium to tap water is about 26% within 30 days;
(15) according to standard methods: DB 21/T1322-2004 is used for measuring the slow release performance of humic acid in the organic functional culture medium; according to standard methods: GBT 8574-2010 is used for determining the slow release performance of the potassium fertilizer in the organic functional culture medium; the determination result shows that the slow release rates of the humic acid and the potash fertilizer in 30 days of the prepared organic functional culture medium are respectively 75% and 48%.
Example 2:
(1) sending attapulgite raw soil into a pulverizer to be pulverized and sieving to obtain clay powder of 200 meshes;
(2) adding the attapulgite clay powder into a sodium pyrophosphate solution with the mass concentration of 2.0%, and stirring at a high speed until the attapulgite clay powder and the sodium pyrophosphate solution are uniformly mixed; then heating to 40 ℃, continuing stirring for 1.5H, standing for layering, extracting upper suspension, and adding a proper amount of H3PO4Reacting until no bubbles escape;
(3) ultrasonically dispersing the suspension for 30min, strongly stirring for 5h, aging at room temperature for 24h, centrifuging by using a high-speed centrifuge, removing supernatant, and collecting lower-layer solid; drying in oven at 100 deg.C, grinding, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve;
(4) repeatedly washing the agaricus bisporus fermentation fungus chaff with distilled water until no residue exists; drying at low temperature, grinding in a ball mill for 10min, respectively taking 15 parts of agaricus bisporus zymocyte bran powder and 55 parts of deionized water according to mass fraction, and performing ultrasonic gelatinization under stirring for later use;
(5) respectively weighing 50 parts by weight of deionized water, 10 parts by weight of attapulgite clay, placing the deionized water and the attapulgite clay into a three-neck flask, adding 20 parts by weight of ultrasonically gelatinized agaricus bisporus fermentation fungus chaff and 2 parts by weight of potassium humate, adjusting the pH to be =9.0, stirring and mixing, and ultrasonically dispersing until the mixture is uniform to obtain a matrix dispersion liquid;
(6) respectively taking 50 parts by weight of deionized water and 30 parts by weight of acrylic acid, fully stirring in a cold water bath, and then adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the neutralization degree to 70%; then adding 5 parts of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide solution, and stirring the mixture uniformly to obtain a polymerization monomer solution;
(7) putting 45 parts of matrix dispersion liquid and 15 parts of monomer solution into a three-neck flask, dropwise adding 4 parts of potassium persulfate solution, adjusting the temperature, firstly keeping the temperature for reaction for 30min, and then heating to 70 ℃ for reaction for 2 h; after the reaction is finished, taking out the product, cooling, soaking and extracting for 6h by using an ethanol solution, taking out the product, drying in vacuum, crushing and sieving to obtain the water-retaining slow-release functional auxiliary agent;
(8) fully stirring 30 parts of purified attapulgite clay, 55 parts of agaricus bisporus zymophyte bran powder and 20 parts of water-retention slow-release auxiliary agent to obtain a dry cultivation matrix;
(9) adding 5 parts of granulation auxiliary agent (the composition and the mass fraction of the granulation auxiliary agent are respectively 50% of attapulgite clay, 20% of peat, 5% of biochar, 3% of humic acid solution, 2% of fulvic acid solution, 10% of sodium carbonate, 8% of sodium bicarbonate, 1% of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) into the uniformly mixed dry cultivation substrate, uniformly spraying 1 part of wetting agent (the composition and the mass fraction of the wetting agent are respectively 70% of water, 20% of ethanol, 5% of Span and 5%) and then feeding the mixture into a granulator for granulation;
(10) drying the obtained granular culture medium, screening, and packaging the screened qualified granules;
(11) same as example 1, step (11);
(12) same as example 1, step (12);
(13) the same procedure as in step (13) of example 1 shows that the water absorption capacity of the organic functional culture medium prepared is 350g/g for distilled water; the water absorption multiplying power to saline is 68 g/g;
(14) the determination result of the step (14) of the example 1 shows that the water retention rate of the prepared organic functional culture medium to tap water is about 31 percent within 30 days;
(15) as shown in the measurement result of step (15) of example 1, the slow release rates of humic acid and potash fertilizer in 30 days of the prepared organic functional cultivation medium are 85% and 56%, respectively.
Example 3:
(1) sending attapulgite raw soil into a pulverizer to be pulverized and sieving to obtain clay powder of 200 meshes;
(2) adding the attapulgite clay powder into a sodium pyrophosphate solution with the mass concentration of 2.5%, and stirring at a high speed until the attapulgite clay powder and the sodium pyrophosphate solution are uniformly mixed; then heating to 45 ℃, continuing stirring for 1.5H, standing for layering, extracting upper suspension, and adding H3PO4Reacting until no bubbles escape;
(3) ultrasonically dispersing the suspension for 40min, strongly stirring for 4.5h, aging at room temperature for 36h, centrifuging by using a high-speed centrifuge, removing supernatant, and collecting lower-layer solid; drying in oven at 95 deg.C, grinding, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve;
(4) repeatedly washing the pleurotus cornucopiae fermentation mushroom bran with distilled water until no residue exists; drying at 60 ℃, then putting into a ball mill for grinding for 10min, respectively taking 20 parts of zymophyte bran powder and 60 parts of deionized water according to mass fraction, and performing ultrasonic gelatinization under the stirring condition for later use;
(5) respectively weighing 40 parts of deionized water and 5 parts of attapulgite clay according to parts by weight, placing the deionized water and the attapulgite clay into a three-neck flask, adding 15 parts of ultrasonically gelatinized pleurotus cornucopiae fermentation fungus chaff and 2 parts of potassium humate, adjusting the pH to be =10.0, stirring and mixing, and ultrasonically dispersing uniformly to obtain a matrix dispersion liquid;
(6) respectively taking 45 parts by weight of deionized water and 25 parts by weight of acrylic acid, fully stirring in a cold water bath, and then adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the neutralization degree to 65%; then adding 5 parts of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide solution, and stirring the mixture uniformly to obtain a polymerization monomer solution;
(7) putting 40 parts of matrix dispersion liquid and 10 parts of monomer solution into a three-neck flask, dropwise adding 4 parts of potassium persulfate solution, adjusting the temperature, keeping the temperature at 45 ℃ for reaction for 25min, and then heating to 70 ℃ for reaction for 2 h; after the reaction is finished, taking out the product, cooling, soaking and extracting for 8h by using an ethanol solution, taking out the product, drying in vacuum, crushing and sieving to obtain the water-retaining slow-release functional auxiliary agent;
(8) fully stirring 20 parts of purified attapulgite clay, 40 parts of pleurotus cornucopiae fermentation fungus bran powder and 10 parts of water-retention slow-release auxiliary agent to obtain a dry cultivation matrix;
(9) adding 5 parts of granulation auxiliary agent (the composition and the mass fraction of the granulation auxiliary agent are respectively 60% of attapulgite clay, 20% of quicklime, 10% of biochar, 5% of fulvic acid solution, 3% of sodium carbonate, 1% of magnesium carbonate and 1% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) into the uniformly mixed dry cultivation substrate, then uniformly spraying 2 parts of wetting agent (the composition and the mass fraction of the wetting agent are respectively 70% of water, 25% of ethanol and 5% of Tween), and then sending the mixture into a granulator for granulation;
(10) drying the obtained granular culture medium, screening, and packaging the screened qualified granules;
(11) same as example 1, step (11);
(12) same as example 1, step (12);
(13) the same procedure as in step (13) of example 1 revealed that the water absorption capacity of the organic functional culture medium prepared was 325g/g for distilled water; the water absorption rate to saline water is 50 g/g;
(14) the determination result of the step (14) of the example 1 shows that the water retention rate of the prepared organic functional culture medium to tap water is about 30% within 30 days;
(15) as shown in the measurement result of step (15) of example 1, the slow release rates of humic acid and potash fertilizer in 30 days of the prepared organic functional cultivation medium are 75% and 46%, respectively.
Example 4:
(1) sending attapulgite raw soil into a pulverizer to be pulverized and sieving to prepare clay powder of 180 meshes;
(2) adding the attapulgite clay powder into a sodium pyrophosphate solution with the mass concentration of 1.5%, and stirring at a high speed until the attapulgite clay powder and the sodium pyrophosphate solution are uniformly mixed; then heating to 50 ℃, continuing stirring for 1.0H, standing for layering, extracting upper suspension, and adding H3PO4Reacting until no bubbles escape;
(3) ultrasonically dispersing the suspension for 45min, strongly stirring for 4h, aging at room temperature for 48h, centrifuging by using a high-speed centrifuge, removing supernatant, and collecting lower-layer solid; drying in oven at 100 deg.C, grinding, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve;
(4) repeatedly washing oyster mushroom and pleurotus cornucopiae mixed fermentation fungus chaff with the mass portion of 1:1.5 by using distilled water until no residue exists; drying at 50 ℃, then putting into a ball mill for grinding for 10min, respectively taking 10 parts of zymophyte bran powder and 60 parts of deionized water according to mass fraction, and carrying out ultrasonic gelatinization under the stirring condition for later use;
(5) respectively weighing 55 parts by weight of deionized water, 8 parts by weight of attapulgite clay, placing the deionized water and the attapulgite clay into a three-necked flask, adding 15 parts by weight of ultrasonically gelatinized oyster mushroom and pleurotus cornucopiae mixed fermentation fungus chaff and 2 parts by weight of potassium humate, adjusting the pH to be =9.0, stirring and mixing, and ultrasonically dispersing to be uniform to obtain a matrix dispersion liquid;
(6) respectively taking 50 parts by weight of deionized water and 20 parts by weight of acrylic acid, fully stirring in a cold water bath, and then adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the neutralization degree to 65%; then adding 5 parts of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide solution, and stirring the mixture uniformly to obtain a polymerization monomer solution;
(7) putting 50 parts of matrix dispersion liquid and 10 parts of monomer solution into a three-neck flask, dropwise adding 4 parts of potassium persulfate solution, adjusting the temperature, firstly keeping the temperature for reaction for 30min, and then heating to 75 ℃ for reaction for 2 h; after the reaction is finished, taking out the product, cooling, soaking and extracting for 7h by using an ethanol solution, taking out the product, drying in vacuum, crushing and sieving to obtain the water-retaining slow-release functional auxiliary agent;
(8) fully stirring 20 parts of purified attapulgite clay, 55 parts of oyster mushroom and pleurotus cornucopiae mixed fermentation fungus bran powder and 10 parts of water-retaining slow-release auxiliary agent to obtain a dry cultivation matrix;
(9) adding 10 parts of granulation auxiliary agent (the components and mass fractions of the granulation auxiliary agent are respectively 60% of attapulgite clay, 10% of quicklime, 10% of biochar, 10% of peat, 4% of humic acid solution, 1% of brown humic acid solution, 3% of sodium carbonate, 1% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 1% of sodium stearate) into the uniformly mixed dry cultivation substrate, uniformly spraying 1 part of wetting agent (the components and mass fractions of the wetting agent are respectively 70% of water, 25% of ethanol and 5% of Span), and then sending the mixture into a granulator for granulation;
(10) drying the obtained granular culture medium, screening, and packaging the screened qualified granules;
(11) same as example 1, step (11);
(12) same as example 1, step (12);
(13) the same procedure as in step (13) of example 1 shows that the water absorption capacity of the organic functional culture medium prepared to distilled water is 342 g/g; the water absorption rate to saline water is 61 g/g;
(14) the determination result of the step (14) of the example 1 shows that the water retention rate of the prepared organic functional culture medium to tap water is about 28 percent within 30 days;
(15) as shown in the measurement result of step (15) of example 1, the prepared organic functional cultivation medium has the slow release rates of 79% and 50% for humic acid and potash fertilizer, respectively, within 30 days.
Example 5:
(1) sending attapulgite raw soil into a pulverizer to be pulverized and sieving to obtain clay powder of 200 meshes;
(2) adding the attapulgite clay powder into a sodium pyrophosphate solution with the mass concentration of 2.0%, and stirring at a high speed until the attapulgite clay powder and the sodium pyrophosphate solution are uniformly mixed; then heating to 45 ℃, continuing stirring for 2.0H, standing for layering, extracting upper suspension, and adding H3PO4Reacting until no bubbles escape;
(3) ultrasonically dispersing the suspension for 40min, strongly stirring for 4h, aging at room temperature for 24h, centrifuging by using a high-speed centrifuge, removing supernatant, and collecting lower-layer solid; drying in oven at 90 deg.C, grinding, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve;
(4) repeatedly washing the crude product of the mixed fermentation fungus chaff with the mass fraction ratio of the pleurotus eryngii, the needle mushroom and the lyophyllum decastes of 1:1.5:0.5 by using distilled water until no residue exists; drying at 45 ℃, then putting into a ball mill for grinding for 5min, respectively taking 20 parts of zymophyte bran powder and 50 parts of deionized water according to mass fraction, and performing ultrasonic gelatinization under the stirring condition for later use;
(5) respectively weighing 60 parts of deionized water and 10 parts of attapulgite clay according to parts by weight, placing the deionized water and the attapulgite clay into a three-neck flask, adding 15 parts of ultrasonically gelatinized fermentation fungus chaff and 1 part of potassium humate, then adjusting the pH to be =10.0, stirring and mixing, and ultrasonically dispersing until the mixture is uniform to obtain a matrix dispersion liquid;
(6) respectively taking 40 parts by weight of deionized water and 25 parts by weight of acrylic acid, fully stirring in a cold water bath, and then adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the neutralization degree to 60%; then adding 4 parts of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide solution, and stirring the mixture uniformly to obtain a polymerization monomer solution;
(7) putting 40 parts of matrix dispersion liquid and 20 parts of monomer solution into a three-neck flask, dropwise adding 5 parts of potassium persulfate solution, adjusting the temperature, keeping the temperature at 45 ℃ for reaction for 30min, and then heating to 75 ℃ for reaction for 2.5 h; after the reaction is finished, taking out the product, cooling, soaking and extracting for 8h by using an ethanol solution, taking out the product, drying in vacuum, crushing and sieving to obtain the water-retaining slow-release functional auxiliary agent;
(8) fully stirring 30 parts of purified attapulgite clay, 40 parts of zymophyte bran powder and 20 parts of water-retention slow-release auxiliary agent to obtain a dry cultivation matrix;
(9) adding 5 parts of granulation auxiliary agents (the composition and the mass fraction of the granulation auxiliary agents are respectively 70% of attapulgite clay, 5% of quicklime, 5% of biochar, 20% of peat, 2% of humic acid solution, 1% of fulvic acid solution, 2% of sodium carbonate, 1% of sodium bicarbonate, 1% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 1% of sodium dodecyl sulfate) into the uniformly mixed dry cultivation substrate, uniformly spraying 1 part of wetting agents (the composition and the mass fraction of the wetting agents are respectively 70% of water, 25% of ethanol, 3% of Span and 2% of Tween), and then sending the mixture into a granulator for granulation;
(10) drying the obtained granular culture medium, screening, and packaging the screened qualified granules;
(11) same as example 1, step (11);
(12) same as example 1, step (12);
(13) the same procedure as in step (13) of example 1 revealed that the organic functional culture substrate had a water absorption capacity of 348g/g for distilled water; the water absorption rate to saline water is 65 g/g;
(14) the determination result of the step (14) of the example 1 shows that the water retention rate of the prepared organic functional culture medium to tap water is about 30% within 30 days;
(15) as shown in the measurement result of step (15) of example 1, the slow release rates of humic acid and potash fertilizer in 30 days of the prepared organic functional cultivation medium are 81% and 52%, respectively.
Example 6:
(1) sending attapulgite raw soil into a pulverizer to be pulverized and sieving to prepare clay powder of 180 meshes;
(2) adding the attapulgite clay powder into a sodium pyrophosphate solution with the mass concentration of 2.0%, and stirring at a high speed until the attapulgite clay powder and the sodium pyrophosphate solution are uniformly mixed; then heating to 40 ℃, continuing stirring for 1.5H, standing for layering, extracting upper suspension, and adding a proper amount of H3PO4Reacting until no bubbles escape;
(3) ultrasonically dispersing the suspension for 30min, strongly stirring for 5h, aging at room temperature for 24h, centrifuging by using a high-speed centrifuge, removing supernatant, and collecting lower-layer solid; drying in oven at 100 deg.C, grinding, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve;
(4) repeatedly washing the crude oyster mushroom fermentation fungus chaff with distilled water until no residue exists; drying at low temperature, grinding in a ball mill for 10min, respectively taking 15 parts of zymophyte bran powder and 50 parts of deionized water according to mass fraction, and performing ultrasonic gelatinization under stirring for later use;
(5) respectively weighing 55 parts by weight of deionized water and 8 parts by weight of attapulgite clay, placing the deionized water and the attapulgite clay into a three-neck flask, adding 20 parts by weight of fermented mushroom bran subjected to ultrasonic gelatinization and 2 parts by weight of potassium humate, adjusting the pH to be =9.0, stirring and mixing, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to be uniform to obtain a matrix dispersion liquid;
(6) respectively taking 45 parts by weight of deionized water and 25 parts by weight of acrylic acid, fully stirring in a cold water bath, and then adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the neutralization degree to 70%; then adding 5 parts of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide solution, and stirring the mixture uniformly to obtain a polymerization monomer solution;
(7) putting 45 parts of matrix dispersion liquid and 10 parts of monomer solution into a three-neck flask, dropwise adding 5 parts of potassium persulfate solution, adjusting the temperature, firstly preserving the temperature and reacting for 30min, and then heating and reacting for 2 h; after the reaction is finished, taking out the product, cooling, soaking and extracting for 6h by using an ethanol solution, taking out the product, drying in vacuum, crushing and sieving to obtain the water-retaining slow-release functional auxiliary agent;
(8) fully stirring 25 parts of purified attapulgite clay, 40 parts of zymophyte bran powder and 15 parts of water-retention slow-release auxiliary agent to obtain a dry cultivation matrix;
(9) adding 5 parts of granulation auxiliary agents (the composition and the mass fraction of the granulation auxiliary agents are respectively 70% of attapulgite clay, 15% of quicklime, 5% of peat, 1% of humic acid solution, 1% of fulvic acid solution, 1% of fulvic acid, 2% of sodium carbonate, 1% of sodium bicarbonate, 1% of ammonium bicarbonate, 1% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.5% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 0.5% of sodium stearate) into the uniformly mixed dry cultivation substrate, uniformly spraying 2 parts of wetting agents (the composition and the mass fraction of the wetting agents are respectively 70% of water, 27% of ethanol and 3% of Span), and then sending the mixture into a granulator for granulation;
(10) drying the obtained granular culture medium, screening, and packaging the screened qualified granules;
(11) same as example 1, step (11);
(12) same as example 1, step (12);
(13) the same procedure as in step (13) of example 1 shows that the water absorption capacity of the organic functional culture medium prepared to distilled water is 340 g/g; the water absorption multiplying power to saline is 55 g/g;
(14) the determination result of the step (14) of the example 1 shows that the water retention rate of the prepared organic functional culture medium to tap water is about 31 percent within 30 days;
(15) as shown in the measurement result of step (15) of example 1, the slow release rates of humic acid and potash fertilizer in 30 days of the prepared organic functional cultivation medium are 82% and 53%, respectively.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a green soil moisture preservation slow-release composite organic culture medium is characterized in that attapulgite clay, edible fungus fermentation mushroom bran and potassium humate are effectively combined, and a novel organic culture medium is obtained through chemical polymerization, physical crosslinking and blending compounding, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) purification of attapulgite clay: firstly, crushing attapulgite raw soil into clay powder of 150-200 meshes; then adding the mixture into a sodium pyrophosphate solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-2.5%, and stirring at a high speed until the mixture is uniformly mixed; then heating to 30-50 ℃, continuously stirring for 0.5-2H, standing for layering, extracting upper-layer turbid liquid, and adding H3PO4No bubble escapes from the reaction; after ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 15-45 min, the mixture is vigorously stirred for 2.5-5 h, aged for 24-48 h at room temperature, centrifugally separated to remove supernatant, collected and dried at 80-100 ℃ for lower-layer solids to obtain purified attapulgite clay, ground and sieved by a 200-mesh screen for later use;
(2) pretreating edible fungus fermentation fungus chaff: repeatedly washing the edible fungus fermentation fungus chaff with distilled water until no residue exists; drying at 40-60 ℃, then putting into a ball mill for grinding for 5-10 min, respectively taking 10-20 parts of zymophyte bran powder and 50-60 parts of deionized water according to mass fraction, and performing ultrasonic gelatinization under the stirring condition;
(3) respectively weighing 40-60 parts by weight of deionized water and 5-10 parts by weight of attapulgite clay, placing the deionized water and the attapulgite clay into a three-neck flask, adding 10-20 parts by weight of ultrasonically gelatinized fermentation fungus chaff and 1-2 parts by weight of potassium humate, adjusting the pH to be 9.0-10.0, stirring and mixing, and ultrasonically dispersing until the mixture is uniform to obtain a matrix dispersion liquid;
(4) respectively taking 40-50 parts by weight of deionized water and 20-30 parts by weight of acrylic acid, fully stirring in a cold water bath, and adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the neutralization degree to 60-70%; then adding 4-5 parts of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide solution, and stirring uniformly to obtain a polymerization monomer solution;
(5) placing 40-50 parts of matrix dispersion liquid and 10-20 parts of polymerization monomer solution into a three-neck flask, dropwise adding 4-5 parts of potassium persulfate solution, adjusting the temperature, performing heat preservation reaction at 40-45 ℃ for 20-30 min, heating to 70-75 ℃, and reacting for 2-3 h; after the reaction is finished, taking out the product for cooling, soaking and extracting the product for 6-8 h by using an ethanol solution, taking out the product, drying the product in vacuum, crushing and sieving the product to obtain a water-retaining slow-release auxiliary agent;
(6) fully stirring 20-30 parts of purified attapulgite clay, 40-55 parts of zymophyte bran powder and 10-20 parts of water-retaining slow-release auxiliary agent to obtain a dry cultivation matrix;
(7) adding 5-10 parts of granulation auxiliary agents into the uniformly mixed dry cultivation substrate, uniformly spraying 1-2 parts of wetting agents, and then feeding into a granulator for granulation;
(8) and drying the obtained granular culture medium, screening, and packaging the screened qualified granules.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the attapulgite clay is aluminosilicate mineral clay with a natural rod-like structure, and the specific surface area of the attapulgite clay is 90-200 cm2·g。
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation mushroom bran is at least one of pleurotus cornucopiae mushroom bran, pleurotus ostreatus mushroom bran, agaricus bisporus mushroom bran, pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran, agrocybe cylindracea mushroom bran, flammulina velutipes mushroom bran, pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom bran, black fungus mushroom bran, and lyophyllum decastes mushroom bran after fermentation.
4. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer, according to claim 1, characterized in that the potassium humate is used as the organic fertilizer, and the dosage of the potassium humate is 3-5% of the total mass of the water-retention slow-release functional auxiliary agent.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the pH is adjusted in step (3) by using 0.05 to 0.1mol/L sodium carbonate solution; in the step (4), the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5-1.0 mol/L.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the granulation aid in step (7) comprises the following components: attapulgite clay, biochar, quicklime, peat, humic acid solution, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and sodium stearate.
7. The method for preparing the water-soluble polymer of claim 1, wherein the wetting agent in the step (7) comprises any one or more of deionized water, ethanol, Span and Tween.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in the step (8) is 80 to 105 ℃.
9. A green soil moisture preservation slow-release composite organic culture medium obtained by the preparation method according to one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The green soil moisture preservation slow-release composite organic culture medium as claimed in claim 9, is applied to agricultural cultivation and desertification control.
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