CN111642335A - Method for planting pasture in rare earth tailings and comprehensive treatment method of rare earth tailings - Google Patents
Method for planting pasture in rare earth tailings and comprehensive treatment method of rare earth tailings Download PDFInfo
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- CN111642335A CN111642335A CN202010156783.8A CN202010156783A CN111642335A CN 111642335 A CN111642335 A CN 111642335A CN 202010156783 A CN202010156783 A CN 202010156783A CN 111642335 A CN111642335 A CN 111642335A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting pasture in rare earth tailings and a comprehensive treatment method of the rare earth tailings. And (3) establishing a cattle farm in the rare earth tailing area, and preparing feed by using pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass to feed cattle. Earthworm is cultivated by cow dung to obtain wormcast, cow urine is fermented to obtain biogas slurry, and then pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass are respectively planted and irrigated by the wormcast and the biogas slurry. The method can fully utilize the rare earth tailings to breed the cattle in the area and solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by the feces in cattle farms; the method can also fully utilize the cow dung to increase the organic matter content of the rare earth tailing soil, utilize the characteristics of wormcast alkalinity, multiple beneficial microorganisms, active ingredients, enzymes and multiple nutrient substances, neutralize the acidity of the rare earth tailing, improve the survival rate and the growth speed of plants, solve the problem of the source of organic fertilizer in the treatment of the rare earth tailing, and achieve multiple purposes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resources and environment, in particular to a method for planting pasture in rare earth tailings and a comprehensive treatment method of the rare earth tailings.
Background
Rare earth is called as industrial gold and is an important strategic resource, but a large amount of rare earth tailings are stored due to laggard rare earth mining technology in the past some time, organic matters in soil of the rare earth tailings are lacked, soil acidification is serious, plants cannot grow, the tailing amount is large, water and soil loss is serious, and the problem that the plants grow slowly and die due to the fact that the soil is still not repaired is solved by directly planting specific plants in the prior art. Therefore, the repair difficulty of the rare earth tailings is high at present, and effective repair measures are provided.
Pasture is a key factor in the development of animal husbandry, particularly in southern areas, and the pasture also has high requirements for soil. Therefore, how to plant specific pasture grass by using the rare earth tailings and realize self soil remediation is a difficult problem to be faced. In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting pasture in rare earth tailings and a comprehensive treatment method of the rare earth tailings, so as to improve the problems.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
in a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for planting pasture grass in rare earth tailings, which includes: planting pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass in a rare earth tailing area by taking wormcast as a base fertilizer, wherein the pennisetum hydridum is planted in spring, and the ryegrass is planted in winter; preferably, pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass are alternately planted in multiple rows at intervals.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention further provide a method for comprehensive treatment of rare earth tailings, which comprises planting pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass in a rare earth tailings area according to any one of the foregoing embodiments. And (3) establishing a cattle farm in the rare earth tailing area, and preparing feed by using pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass to feed cattle. Earthworm is cultivated by cow dung to obtain wormcast, cow urine is fermented to obtain biogas slurry, and then pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass are respectively planted and irrigated by the wormcast and the biogas slurry.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the wormcast is used as a base fertilizer to plant pennisetum hydridum in the rare earth tailing area, so that various active substances, beneficial microorganisms and the like in the wormcast can be fully utilized to improve the soil matrix; and the characteristics of strong stress resistance, drought resistance and developed root system of pennisetum hydridum are utilized to improve the fertilization depth of the wormcast, so that the problem of water and soil loss of the rare earth tailings is fundamentally solved. The planting of the ryegrass can also solve the problem that the pennisetum hydridum cannot grow in winter and is easy to cause water and soil loss of the rare earth tailings. Meanwhile, the green feed raw materials with higher yield can be obtained all the year round due to the matched planting of pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass.
Further, a cattle farm is built in the rare earth tailing zone, earthworms are bred by cow dung, cow urine sewage is fermented to produce methane, and the earthworm dung and the methane liquid are used for pasture planting and ecological management of the rare earth tailings. Therefore, the rare earth tailings can be fully utilized to breed cattle in the area and solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by the dung and dirt (particularly the dung and dirt water) in cattle farms; the organic matter content of the rare earth tailing soil can be increased by fully utilizing the cow dung, the alkalinity characteristic of the wormcast is utilized to neutralize the acidity of the rare earth tailings, the survival rate and the growth speed of plants are improved, the problem of the source of the organic fertilizer in the treatment of the rare earth tailings is solved, and multiple purposes are achieved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The method for planting pasture in the rare earth tailings and the comprehensive treatment method of the rare earth tailings provided by the invention are specifically explained below.
In a first aspect, some embodiments of the present invention provide a method for growing pasture grass in rare earth tailings, comprising: planting pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass in a rare earth tailing area by taking wormcast as a base fertilizer, wherein the pennisetum hydridum is planted in spring, and the ryegrass is planted in winter; alternatively, pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass are planted in alternating rows at intervals.
The pennisetum hydridum is high-quality perennial gramineous plant forage grass, has the characteristics of high nutritional value and good palatability, and is the forage grass with the largest cattle and sheep breeding demand and the widest planting range; due to the characteristics of high growth speed, strong fertility, high yield and high temperature resistance, the problem of shortage of southern high-quality pasture can be effectively solved by planting pennisetum hydridum in the south. Meanwhile, the pennisetum hydridum has relatively developed root systems, strong stress resistance of acid resistance, drought resistance and high temperature resistance, is suitable for growing in sandy soil and has good effects on water and soil moisture preservation such as rare earth tailing treatment. Therefore, the pennisetum hydridum planting method can meet the requirements of cattle and sheep breeding and can repair and treat the rare earth tailings. The ryegrass planted can make up the problem that the pennisetum hydridum cannot grow in winter and is easy to cause water and soil loss of the rare earth tailings, and the soil fertility is improved. Earthworms are an organism which uses putrefactive substances as food raw materials, and play an important biological function in the evolution of the earth and the maintenance of ecological balance; the wormcast is a harmless product which is rich in various organic matters, humic acid, trace elements, various enzyme systems and beneficial microorganisms, has a special effect particularly in the aspect of soil improvement, can improve soil matrix by fully utilizing various active substances, beneficial microorganisms and the like in the wormcast as a base fertilizer for pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass, provides nutrient substances for pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass, and can improve the fertilization depth of the wormcast by utilizing the characteristics of strong stress resistance, drought resistance and developed root system of the pennisetum hydridum, thereby fundamentally solving the problem of water and soil loss of rare earth tailings.
In some embodiments, wormcast is filled in a plurality of rows of channels arranged at intervals and dug in a rare earth tailing area in spring, and pennisetum hydridum is planted on the wormcast in the channels; in winter, wormcast is dug and filled in the interline area of pennisetum hydridum, and ryegrass is planted in the interline area. The planting method can comprehensively cover the rare earth tailings area, and the wormcast can fully repair the rare earth tailings, improve the water and soil loss problem of the rare earth tailings area, and provide sufficient fertility for the growth of pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass. According to the growth climate requirements of pasture, the planting time of pennisetum hydridum in spring is 2-4 months in the Gregorian, and 3 last ten days in the preferred time; the time of planting the ryegrass in winter is 10-12 months, preferably 11 months in the gregorian calendar.
In an optional embodiment, the width of a channel for planting pennisetum hydridum is 25-35cm, the depth of the channel is 33-38 cm, and the line spacing is 0.7-1 m. For example, the channel width is 30cm, the depth is 35cm, and the line spacing is 0.8 m. The setting through above-mentioned channel can satisfy the needs of filling earthworm cast, also can make earthworm cast can fully improve rare earth tailings soil on certain degree of depth, prevents soil erosion and water loss, also can make the pennisetum hydridum can have suitable growth density simultaneously.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the specific operations of pennisetum hydridum are: filling wormcast with the thickness of 30-35 cm in the channel, then planting pennisetum hydridum seedlings on the wormcast, wherein when planting is carried out, the axillary buds of the seeds face upwards and are obliquely inserted into the ground at an angle of 40-50 degrees, the axillary buds are 1.5-2.5 cm in soil, and then covering the axillary buds with the wormcast so that the wormcast is approximately flush with the ground; optionally, the planting distance between pennisetum hydridum of each row of the channel is 20-30 cm. Preferably, the wormcast is filled to be 32cm thick, pennisetum hydridum is planted, the oblique crossing bottom is 45 degrees, and the bud is buried for 2 cm. Through the arrangement, the pennisetum hydridum can well grow, and the survival rate is high.
In an optional embodiment, when the ryegrass is planted, soil with the surface depth of 8-12 cm in the inter-row area of pennisetum hydridum is dug, wormcast with the thickness of 6-10 cm is filled, then the ryegrass is planted, and the wormcast is covered after the planting, preferably, the planting area is 0.5-0.7 kg/mu; preferably, the ryegrass is planted by sowing in a strip planting method.
In an alternative embodiment, pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass are both watered with biogas slurry. Preferably, the biogas slurry is fermented from cow urine. The biogas slurry fermented by cow urine is used for planting pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass and improving rare earth tailing soil, compared with the biogas slurry fermented by pig wastes such as pig urine, the rare earth tailing does not have the problems of exceeding of heavy metal content and the heavy metal content of pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass, and the safety is high. The cattle urine fermented biogas slurry stock solution in the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the steps of enabling cattle farm urine, drinking residual water and a small amount of sewage in a cleaning pen to enter a biogas tank through a sewage discharge pipe, generating biogas in the biogas tank through anaerobic fermentation, and obtaining the remaining biogas slurry (the biogas slurry contains a small amount of biogas residues). The main components of the cattle farm biogas slurry are as follows: the organic matter content is 0.50-1.20%, the total nitrogen content is 0.56-0.93%, the total phosphorus content is 0.058-1.20%, the total potassium content is 0.056-0.92%, the pH value is 6.90-7.60, preferably, the organic matter content is 0.76%, the total nitrogen content is 0.76%, the total phosphorus content is 0.096%, the total potassium content is 0.076%, and the pH value is 7.22.
In order to achieve the best irrigation effect and keep the pennisetum hydridum to have continuous and proper fertility, when the pennisetum hydridum is irrigated, diluted biogas slurry obtained by diluting 5-7 times with a biogas slurry stock solution is irrigated until the soil is completely irrigated, and then the pennisetum hydridum is irrigated once a week until the soil is completely irrigated; and then irrigating once every three weeks with diluted biogas slurry obtained by diluting 2-4 times with the biogas slurry stock solution until the soil is completely wetted, and no water is accumulated during each irrigation.
Similarly, according to the growth characteristics and growth requirements of ryegrass, when the ryegrass is irrigated, after the ryegrass germinates, the ryegrass starts to be irrigated by using the diluted biogas slurry obtained by diluting 2-4 times with the biogas slurry stock solution until the soil is completely irrigated without water accumulation, and then the ryegrass is irrigated by using the diluted biogas slurry obtained by diluting 2-4 times with the biogas slurry stock solution every four weeks. Preferably, when the temperature is lower than 4 ℃ in winter, the soil is irrigated in the period of 11: 00-15: 00, and the biogas slurry is beneficial to completely infiltrating the soil in the period of time.
In further some embodiments, annual ryegrass is planted in the first year, no stopping and cutting is performed, field returning and fertilizing are performed, and the growth of rare earth tailing vegetation in winter is kept; perennial ryegrass is planted in the next year, the first stopping cutting is carried out when the plant height of the ryegrass reaches 37-39 cm, the stopping cutting is only left for 4-6 cm, and the stopping cutting is carried out every 32-38 days later and is used as a cattle green feed. Annual ryegrass is planted in winter in the first year, is mainly used for fertilizing rare earth tailing soil and plays a role in sand fixation; perennial ryegrass is planted in winter in the second year, so that the effects of fertilizing rare earth tailing soil and fixing sand are achieved, and good economic benefits can be brought.
In some embodiments, the pennisetum hydridum is cut and stopped 3-4 times a year to reach a height of 1.2-1.4 meters, then cut and stopped 5-6 times a year, preferably, pennisetum hydridum is cut and stopped 3 times a year to reach a height of 1.3 meters, then cut and stopped 5 times a year, and mechanically cut to prepare the green beef cattle feed. The nutrient value and the heavy metal content of the cut pennisetum hydridum are measured, and the measurement result shows that the heavy metals of Cu, Hg, As, Cr and Cd all meet the feed raw material standard, and the content of crude protein reaches more than 8.28 percent.
In some embodiments, before pasture is planted, the rare earth tailing area is prepared, so that the rare earth tailing area is a flat field, the field for planting pasture can be uniformly permeated when biogas slurry or water is poured, and water and soil loss is not easily caused. The leveling refers to a more regular rare earth tailing area which is approximately horizontal and has a gradient below 15 degrees, and ditching planting along the gradient direction can be directly adopted.
Furthermore, in order to adapt to and meet the growth climate conditions of pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass, the altitude of the selected rare earth tailing area is generally below 1500 meters. Further preferably, the rare earth tailing areas are located at longitude and latitude of 113 ° 54-116 ° 38 ' east longitude and 24 ° 29 ' -27 ° 09 ' north latitude.
Further, in the embodiment of the invention, the wormcast not only serves as a base fertilizer for the growth of pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass to improve the fertility, but also serves as a function of repairing and improving the rare earth tailings soil, so that the wormcast with different components also has certain difference in the functions. Therefore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the wormcast is wormcast converted from cow dung as a main raw material.
Specifically, the preparation method of the wormcast comprises the following steps:
earthworms are introduced into a culture bed set by cow dung bed bait, the bed is watered every day, the humidity of the bed is kept at 50% -55%, and raw materials in the culture bed are completely converted into wormcast; in some preferred embodiments, the cultivation bed has a length of 3 to 5m, a width of 0.2 to 0.3m and a height of 0.2 to 0.3m, and the earthworms are added in the cultivation bed in an amount of 10 to 15 kg. The culture bed is obtained by placing cow dung bed bait on a place with good drainage and shading in a strip shape.
Further, in order to make the cow dung-based bed bait have good palatability and the obtained wormcast have better carbon-nitrogen ratio, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the cow dung-based bed bait is prepared by the following steps: fermenting the mixture of the cow dung, the wormcast and the navel orange residues in a fermentation tank, wherein preferably, the mass ratio of the cow dung to the wormcast to the navel orange residues is 100: 10-15: 5-10, and the fermentation time is 3-5 days. Preferably, the cow dung does not contain drinking water and rainwater so as to better control the element composition in the wormcast.
In a second aspect, some embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for comprehensive treatment of rare earth tailings, which comprises planting pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass in a rare earth tailings area according to any one of the previous embodiments. And (3) establishing a cattle farm in the rare earth tailing area, and preparing feed by using pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass to feed cattle. Earthworm is cultivated by cow dung to obtain wormcast, cow urine is fermented to obtain biogas slurry, and then pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass are respectively planted and irrigated by the wormcast and the biogas slurry.
A cattle farm is built in the rare earth tailing zone, earthworms are bred from cow dung, cow urine sewage is fermented to produce methane, and the earthworm dung and the methane liquid are used for ecological management of the rare earth tailings. Therefore, the rare earth tailings can be fully utilized to breed cattle in the area and solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by the dung and dirt (particularly the dung and dirt water) in cattle farms; but also can fully utilize the cow dung to increase the organic matter content of the rare earth tailings, and utilize the alkaline property of the wormcast to neutralize the acidity of the rare earth tailings, thereby improving the survival rate and the growth speed of plants, solving the problem of the source of organic fertilizer in the treatment of the rare earth tailings, and achieving multiple purposes.
Specifically, the comprehensive treatment method of the rare earth tailings can comprise the following specific steps:
step one, establishing a cattle farm in the rare earth tailing area and collecting cattle manure. Collecting cattle manure from a cattle farm, and controlling drinking water and rainwater for breeding beef cattle not to enter the cattle manure; wherein, the collected cow dung can be treated by adopting a cleaning method, and meanwhile, the biogas slurry is separately treated after the cow urine enters the biogas digester for fermentation.
And step two, fermenting the cow dung. And (3) placing the cow dung collected in the step one into a fermentation tank, adding wormcast and navel orange residues into the fermentation tank for fermentation, adding 10-15 kg of wormcast and 5-10 kg of navel orange residues into every 100kg of cow dung, and fermenting for 3-5 days to obtain the base bed bait for culturing earthworms. The earthworm cast contains various active substances, so that the fermentation speed of the cow cast can be increased, and the palatability of the earthworm can be improved.
And step three, breeding earthworms. And (3) placing the base bed bait obtained in the second step on a ground with good drainage and shade to obtain a culture base bed for culturing earthworms, controlling the length of the culture base bed to be 3-5 m, the width to be 0.2-0.3 m and the height to be 0.2-0.3 m, adding 10-15 kg of earthworms into the culture base bed, watering the culture base bed every day to keep the humidity to be 50-55%, culturing for 20-25 days to completely convert the raw materials in the culture base bed into earthworm feces, and collecting the earthworms to obtain the earthworm feces.
And step four, planting pennisetum hydridum in the rare earth tailings. Firstly, arranging rare earth tailing areas (east longitude 113-54-116-38 ', north latitude 24-29-27-09', elevation below 1500 meters) into a plurality of flat fields according to different gradients, and ditching in each horizontal field, wherein the width and the depth of each field are 25-35cm and 35cm, and the row spacing is 0.8 m; filling the wormcast obtained in the third step to the depth of 32cm in the ditch; planting and cutting pennisetum hydridum seedlings in 3 months, obliquely inserting the pennisetum hydridum seedlings into soil at an angle of 45 degrees with the ground, enabling the pennisetum hydridum seedlings to penetrate into the soil for 2cm at an interval of 25cm, and covering the pennisetum hydridum seedlings with wormcast.
And step five, irrigating pennisetum hydridum with biogas slurry. After the pennisetum hydridum seedlings are planted in a cuttage mode, the biogas slurry (diluted by 6 times) obtained in the step one is used for the first time until the soil is completely watered, and water cannot be accumulated. Watering for 1 time every 1 week until the soil is completely watered, and no water can be accumulated. The biogas slurry (diluted by 3 times) is irrigated every 3 weeks until the soil is completely irrigated, no water can be accumulated, and the watering frequency is reduced in the rainy period. The pennisetum hydridum is cut for 3 times in the first year to reach the height of 1.3 meters, and is cut for 5 times every year later, and the green feed for beef cattle is prepared by mechanical cutting.
And step six, interplanting ryegrass in winter. The method comprises the following steps of planting pennisetum hydridum in 3 months in spring, planting annual ryegrass in 11 months in winter in the same year, firstly digging 10cm of rare earth tailing surface soil in a planting area at the row spacing of the pennisetum hydridum, filling the soil to 8cm with wormcast, and then planting annual ryegrass in a strip planting mode, wherein the planting area is 0.5-0.7kg per mu; and after the sowing is finished, covering 2cm with wormcast. Irrigating the biogas slurry obtained in the step one (the biogas slurry stock solution is diluted by 3 times) after the ryegrass germinates, and until the soil is completely wetted, no water is accumulated; irrigating the biogas slurry obtained in the step one (the biogas slurry stock solution is diluted by 3 times) for 1 time every 4 weeks. In the 1 st year, the ryegrass is not cut and utilized, and is returned to the field for fertilizing. Interplanting perennial ryegrass in the second year, sowing and planting the perennial ryegrass in 11 months in winter, firstly digging 2cm of original soil of rare earth tailings in a planting area on the row spacing of pennisetum hydridum, and then sowing and planting the perennial ryegrass by a strip planting method, wherein the sowing area is 0.55-0.75kg per mu; after the sowing is finished, covering 2cm with wormcast; irrigating the biogas slurry obtained in the step one after the ryegrass germinates (the biogas slurry stock solution is diluted by 3 times), and until the soil is completely wetted, no water is accumulated; irrigating the biogas slurry obtained in the step one for 1 time every 4 weeks (the biogas slurry stock solution is diluted by 3 times); stopping cutting for the first time when the plant height of the ryegrass reaches 38cm, keeping the stopping cutting for only 5cm, and stopping cutting every 35 days later to be used as the cattle greenish feed.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
Step one, collecting cow dung. And (3) collecting the cow dung from the cattle farm, controlling drinking water and rainwater for breeding the beef cattle not to enter the cow dung, and fermenting the cow dung in a methane tank to obtain biogas slurry stock solution.
And step two, preparing the cow dung-based bed bait. Placing the cow dung into a fermentation tank, adding wormcast and navel orange residues, and fermenting for 4.5 days, wherein the mass ratio of the cow dung to the wormcast to the navel orange residues is 100: 12.5: 7.5, fermenting to obtain the cow dung-based bed bait for breeding the earthworms.
And step three, preparing wormcast. Placing the cow dung base bed bait on a shady ground with good drainage property according to a strip shape to obtain a culture base bed for culturing earthworms, controlling the length of the culture base bed to be 4m, the width to be 0.25m and the height to be 0.25m, adding 13.5kg of earthworms into the culture base bed, watering the culture base bed every day to keep the humidity to be about 53%, culturing for 23 days to completely convert the raw materials in the culture base bed into earthworm dung, and collecting the earthworms to obtain the earthworm dung.
And step four, planting pennisetum hydridum in the rare earth tailings. Firstly, sorting rare earth tailing areas (east longitude 114-68 ', northern latitude 25-58', altitude 925-936 m) into a plurality of flat fields according to different gradients, and ditching in each horizontal field, wherein the width of each horizontal field is 30cm, the depth of each horizontal field is 35cm, and the row spacing is 0.8 m; filling the wormcast obtained in the third step to the depth of 32cm in the ditch; planting and cutting pennisetum hydridum seedlings in 3 months, obliquely inserting the pennisetum hydridum seedlings into soil at an angle of 45 degrees with the ground, enabling the pennisetum hydridum seedlings to penetrate into the soil for 2cm at an interval of 25cm, and covering the pennisetum hydridum seedlings with wormcast.
And step five, irrigating pennisetum hydridum with biogas slurry. After the pennisetum hydridum seedlings are planted in a cuttage mode, the biogas slurry (diluted by 6 times) obtained in the step one is used for the first time until the soil is completely watered, and water cannot be accumulated. Watering for 1 time every 1 week until the soil is completely watered, and no water can be accumulated. The biogas slurry (diluted by 3 times) is irrigated every 3 weeks until the soil is completely irrigated, no water can be accumulated, and the watering frequency is reduced in the rainy period. The pennisetum hydridum is cut for 3 times in the first year to reach the height of 1.3 meters, and is cut for 5 times every year later, and the green feed for beef cattle is prepared by mechanical cutting.
And step six, interplanting ryegrass in winter. Planting pennisetum hydridum in 3 months in spring, sowing annual ryegrass in 11 months in winter in the same year, firstly digging 10cm of rare earth tailing surface soil in a planting area at the row spacing of pennisetum hydridum, filling the soil to 8cm with wormcast, and then sowing and planting annual ryegrass by a strip planting method, wherein the sowing area is 0.62kg per mu; and after the sowing is finished, covering 2cm with wormcast. Irrigating the biogas slurry obtained in the step one after the ryegrass germinates (the biogas slurry stock solution is diluted by 3 times), and until the soil is completely wetted, no water is accumulated; irrigating the biogas slurry obtained in the step one (the biogas slurry stock solution is diluted by 3 times) for 1 time every 4 weeks. In the 1 st year, the ryegrass is not cut and utilized, and is returned to the field for fertilizing. Interplanting perennial ryegrass in the second year, sowing and planting the perennial ryegrass in 11 months in winter, firstly digging 2cm of original soil of rare earth tailings in a planting area on the row spacing of pennisetum hydridum, and then sowing and planting the perennial ryegrass by a strip planting method, wherein the sowing area is 0.55-0.75kg per mu; after the sowing is finished, covering 2cm with wormcast; irrigating the biogas slurry obtained in the step one after the ryegrass germinates (the biogas slurry stock solution is diluted by 3 times), and until the soil is completely wetted, no water is accumulated; irrigating the biogas slurry obtained in the step one (the biogas slurry stock solution is diluted by 3 times) 1 time every 4 weeks, and irrigating the biogas slurry when the temperature is higher in the day in the period of 11: 00-15: 00 when the temperature is lower than 4 ℃ in winter; stopping cutting for the first time when the plant height of the ryegrass reaches 38cm, keeping the stopping cutting for only 5cm, and stopping cutting every 35 days later to be used as the cattle greenish feed.
Example 2
The present embodiment differs from embodiment 1 as follows:
in the second step, the mass ratio of the cow dung to the wormcast to the navel orange residues is 100: 13.5: and 8.5, fermenting for 4 days to obtain the cow dung base bed bait.
In the third step, the earthworm cultivation foundation bed is controlled to be 4.6m long, 0.28m wide and 0.26m high, 14.2kg of earthworms are added into the cultivation foundation bed, the cultivation foundation bed is watered every day, the humidity of the earthworm cultivation foundation bed is kept to be about 53 percent, and cultivation is carried out for 22 days;
in the fourth step, the rare earth tailings are ditched in each horizontal field (the east diameter is 115-58 ', the north latitude is 26-39', the altitude is 1200-1250 meters), and the ditch width is 32 cm; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Planting annual ryegrass in the first year in the sixth step, wherein the planting area is 0.64kg per mu; interplanting perennial ryegrass in the second year, wherein the sowing area is 0.63kg per mu; the rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The present embodiment differs from embodiment 1 as follows:
in the second step, the mass ratio of the cow dung to the wormcast to the navel orange residues is 100: 15: and 10, fermenting for 3 days to obtain the cow dung base bed bait.
In the third step, the earthworm cultivation bed is controlled to be 5m long, 0.3m wide and 0.3m high, 15kg of earthworms are added into the cultivation bed, the cultivation bed is watered every day, the humidity of the cultivation bed is kept about 53 percent, and cultivation is carried out for 25 days;
in the fourth step, the rare earth tailings are ditched in each horizontal field (east diameter 116-38 ', north latitude 26-29', elevation 1100-1120 meters), and the width of each ditch is 35 cm; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Planting annual ryegrass in the first year in the sixth step, wherein the planting area is 0.7kg per mu; interplanting perennial ryegrass in the second year, wherein the sowing area is 0.75kg per mu; the rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The present embodiment differs from embodiment 1 as follows:
in the fourth step, the rare earth tailings area (the east diameter 115-22 ', the north latitude 26-68', the altitude 1025-1110 m) is relatively regular in slope between 9 and 15, and ditching planting is directly carried out along the slope direction; the width of a ditching ditch is 34 cm; the rest is the same as in example 1.
Planting annual ryegrass in the first year in the sixth step, wherein the planting area is 0.68kg per mu; interplanting perennial ryegrass in the second year, wherein the sowing area is 0.72kg per mu; the rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 5
The test method of the rare earth tailing area is the same as that of the example 1, but the cattle farm biogas slurry irrigation is not adopted, and tap water is directly used for replacing the method.
The cattle urine fermented biogas slurry stock solution is prepared by allowing cattle farm urine, drinking residual water and a small amount of sewage in a cleaning pen to enter a biogas tank through a sewage discharge pipe, performing anaerobic fermentation in the biogas tank to produce biogas, and obtaining the residual biogas slurry (the biogas slurry contains a small amount of biogas residues). The main components of the cattle farm biogas slurry are as follows: the content of organic matters is 0.76 percent, the total nitrogen is 0.76 percent, the total phosphorus is 0.096 percent, the total potassium is 0.076 percent, and the pH value is 7.22.
Comparative example 1
Directly planting pennisetum hydridum in the rare earth tailing area in the example 1, and applying an inorganic ternary compound fertilizer, wherein the application amount of pennisetum hydridum is 0.42/m2. The inorganic ternary compound fertilizer comprises the following main components: the nitrogen content is 13 percent, the phosphorus content is more than 7 percent, the potassium content is more than 6 percent, and the ryegrass is not interplanted in winter.
Comparative example 2
The rare earth tailing area is the same as that in the example 1, pennisetum hydridum is planted by using fermented pig manure as an organic fertilizer, and is irrigated by using pig farm biogas slurry, the using method is the same as that in the example 1, and ryegrass is not interplanted in winter.
Comparative example 3
The rare earth tailing area test method is the same as that in example 1, the cattle farm biogas slurry is adopted for irrigation, and the difference is that ryegrass is not interplanted in winter;
comparative example 4
The method for testing the rare earth tailings area is the same as that in the example 1, the cattle farm biogas slurry is adopted for irrigation, and ryegrass is interplanted in winter; the differences are that the cattle manure in the second step is directly subjected to stacking fermentation for 20-25 days, the cattle manure is used as an organic fertilizer after the fermentation is finished, pennisetum hydridum fertilization is carried out (the fourth step), and the rye grass planting is carried out (the sixth step), so that the third step is omitted.
Test example 1
The survival rate of the pasture of the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-4 is detected; the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 forage grass survival rate
The ryegrass of the first year in table 1 is annual ryegrass and the ryegrass of the second year is perennial ryegrass. As can be seen from the results in table 1, the survival rates of pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass in the different areas of the inventive method are substantially higher than those in the comparative areas where the inventive method was not performed.
Test example 2
Statistics were made on the yields of pennisetum hydridum of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 4, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 yield of pennisetum hydridum
Pennisetum hydridum is perennial, and as can be seen from the results in table 1, the yield in the first year is low, the yield in the fifth year reaches a peak, and then the yield gradually decreases. The pennisetum hydridum yield was substantially significantly higher in the different example areas where the inventive method was carried out than in the comparative example areas where no inventive method was carried out.
Test example 3
Statistics were made on the yields of ryegrass of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-4, with annual ryegrass grown in winter in the first year and perennial ryegrass grown in the second year. The first year ryegrass (annual) production and the average annual production of ryegrass (perennial) over a four year period are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Lolium Perenne yield
Test example 4
The pennisetum hydridum of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 4 was subjected to quality inspection, and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 quality differences of pennisetum hydridum
As can be seen from the results in table 4, pennisetum hydridum is perennial, and the pasture quality is the best in the fifth year. The pennisetum hydridum in the area of different embodiments of the embodiment of the invention has no significant change from the main nutrient components of the pasture in the area of the comparative example which is not developed by the technology, but the contents of calcium and phosphorus are higher than those of the comparative example 2 (pennisetum hydridum is planted by pig manure fermented fertilizer and pig biogas slurry) and the comparative example 1 (pennisetum hydridum is directly planted by rare earth tailings); the content of heavy metal has no obvious difference.
Test example 5
The rare earth tailing soil components of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were analyzed, and a blank control (untreated rare earth tailing soil) was set. The results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 composition change of rare earth tailings
The results in table 5 show that the implementation method of the invention can improve the contents of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the rare earth tailings, improve the pH value of the soil and relieve the acidification of the rare earth tailings.
Test example 6
Heavy metal content analysis was performed on the rare earth tailing soils of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 4, and a blank control (untreated rare earth tailing soil) was set. The results are shown in Table 6.
Table 6: change condition of heavy metal in rare earth tailings
By utilizing wormcast and biogas slurry to nourish rare earth tailing soil and planting pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass, compared with comparative example 2, the content of copper, lead and zinc is obviously reduced, and the content of arsenic, chromium and cadmium is improved in examples 1-4; however, in example 5 (which is the same as examples 1-4 but is not irrigated with biogas slurry) compared to comparative example 2, there was no difference in the arsenic, chromium and cadmium contents, indicating that examples 1-4 are primarily concerned with biogas slurry irrigation.
Meanwhile, the contents of arsenic, chromium, cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in the examples 1 to 4 all accord with the agricultural land standard in the soil pollution risk control standard (GB 15618-. Examples 1-4 were able to significantly reduce arsenic, copper, and lead content relative to the blank control (untreated rare earth tailings soil) and comparative example 1 (pennisetum hydridum planted without any treatment). Therefore, the scheme of the embodiment 1-4 of the invention has the effect of obviously improving the rare earth tailings, and the heavy metal meets the requirement.
In summary, in the embodiments of the present invention, a cattle farm can be established in the rare earth tailings zone, earthworms are cultured in cow dung, cow urine sewage is fermented to produce biogas, and the earthworm dung and biogas slurry are used for ecological management of the rare earth tailings. Therefore, the rare earth tailings can be fully utilized to breed cattle in the area and solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by the dung and dirt (particularly the dung and dirt water) in cattle farms; but also can fully utilize the cow dung to increase the organic matter content of the rare earth tailings, and utilize the alkaline property of the wormcast to neutralize the acidity of the rare earth tailings, thereby improving the survival rate and the growth speed of plants, solving the problem of the source of organic fertilizer in the treatment of the rare earth tailings, and achieving multiple purposes.
Secondly, according to the embodiment of the invention, the wormcast is used as a base fertilizer to plant the pennisetum hydridum in the rare earth tailing area, so that various active substances, beneficial microorganisms and the like in the wormcast can be fully utilized to improve the soil matrix; the characteristics of strong stress resistance, drought resistance and developed root system of pennisetum hydridum are utilized to improve the fertilization depth of the wormcast, so that the problem of water and soil loss of the rare earth tailings is fundamentally solved; in addition, by interplanting ryegrass in winter, annual ryegrass planted in the first year is not cut, and the nutritional rare earth tailings died after the temperature of spring festival is increased, so that the planting effect of pennisetum hydridum and the late ryegrass is improved; perennial ryegrass is planted in the second year, the rare earth tailings are fully utilized to plant winter forage grass, the beef cattle is guaranteed to have enough forage grass all the year round, the problem of forage grass shortage in beef cattle breeding is solved, and the breeding cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the ryegrass planted in winter can not grow after pennisetum hydridum passes through winter, so that the rare earth tailings are difficult to lose water and soil.
In addition, according to the embodiment of the invention, a cattle farm can be established by the rare earth tailings, pennisetum hydridum is planted by the rare earth tailings, and ryegrass is interplanted in winter, so that the problem of forage grass shortage in beef cattle breeding can be solved, and the breeding cost is reduced. Meanwhile, wormcast and biogas slurry generated by cow wastes (cow dung and cow dung sewage) are used for planting pennisetum hydridum and improving rare earth tailings, compared with pig wastes, the rare earth tailings do not have the problems of standard exceeding caused by serious increase of heavy metal content and standard exceeding of heavy metals of pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass, and the safety is high. A rare earth tailing based circulation mode of beef cattle, pasture and beef cattle is established, so that the rare earth tailing bioremediation is thorough and economic, the utilization rate is high, and the mode is easy to popularize.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting pasture in rare earth tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
taking wormcast as a base fertilizer in a rare earth tailing area, and irrigating with cattle biogas slurry to plant pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass; wherein pennisetum hydridum is planted in spring, and ryegrass is planted in winter; preferably, pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass are alternately planted in multiple rows at intervals.
2. The method for planting pasture grass on rare earth tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein wormcast is filled in a plurality of rows of channels arranged at intervals and dug in the rare earth tailings area in spring, and pennisetum hydridum is planted on the wormcast in the channels; in winter, wormcast is dug and filled in interline areas of pennisetum hydridum, and ryegrass is planted in the interline areas;
preferably, pennisetum hydridum is planted in late 3 months of the gregorian calendar and ryegrass is planted in 11 months of the gregorian calendar.
3. The method for planting pasture grass in rare earth tailings as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pennisetum hydridum is planted with a channel width of 25-35cm, a depth of 33-38 cm and a row spacing of 0.7-1 m;
preferably, after filling wormcast with the thickness of 30-35 cm in the channel, inserting pennisetum hydridum seedlings on the wormcast, wherein when inserting the pennisetum hydridum seedlings, the axillary buds of the seedlings face upwards and are obliquely inserted into the ground at an angle of 40-50 degrees, the axillary buds are inserted into the soil by 1.5-2.5 cm, and then the wormcast is used for covering the axillary buds; more preferably, the planting distance between pennisetum hydridum of each row of the channel is 20-30 cm.
4. The method for planting pasture grass on rare earth tailings as claimed in claim 2, wherein when planting ryegrass, soil with the surface depth of 8-12 cm in an inter-row area of pennisetum hydridum is dug, wormcast with the thickness of 6-10 cm is filled, then the ryegrass is sowed, and after sowing, the wormcast is covered, and preferably, the sowing area is 0.5-0.7 kg/mu; preferably, the ryegrass is planted by sowing in a strip planting method.
5. A method for planting pasture as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the area of rare earth tailings is prepared, preferably before planting pasture, so that the area of rare earth tailings is a flat field;
preferably, the elevation of the rare earth tailing area is below 1500 m;
more preferably, the rare earth tailing areas are located at longitude and latitude of 113 ° 54-116 ° 38 ' east longitude and 24 ° 29 ' -27 ° 09 ' north latitude;
more preferably, the rare earth tailings area with the gradient below 15 degrees is directly planted in a ditching mode along the gradient direction.
6. The method for planting pasture grass in rare earth tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pennisetum hydridum and the ryegrass are both irrigated with biogas slurry, preferably the biogas slurry is fermented by cow urine;
preferably, when the pennisetum hydridum is irrigated, diluted biogas slurry obtained by diluting 5-7 times with the biogas slurry stock solution is irrigated until the soil is completely wetted, and then the diluted biogas slurry is irrigated once a week until the soil is completely wetted; irrigating once every three weeks with diluted biogas slurry obtained by diluting 2-4 times with the biogas slurry stock solution until the soil is completely wetted, wherein no water is accumulated during each irrigation;
preferably, when the ryegrass is irrigated, after the ryegrass germinates, irrigating the diluted biogas slurry obtained by diluting the diluted biogas slurry by 2-4 times with the biogas slurry stock solution until the soil is completely irrigated without water accumulation, then irrigating the diluted biogas slurry obtained by diluting the diluted biogas slurry by 2-4 times with the biogas slurry stock solution once every four weeks, and preferably irrigating the ryegrass at the temperature of lower than 4 ℃ in winter during the period of 11: 00-15: 00.
7. A method for planting pasture grass in rare earth tailings as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein annual ryegrass is planted in the first year, and is not cut and utilized, and is returned to the field for fertilizing; planting perennial ryegrass in the next year, stopping cutting for the first time when the height of the ryegrass reaches 37-39 cm, only keeping 4-6 cm of the stopping cutting, and stopping cutting every 32-38 days;
preferably, the pennisetum hydridum is cut and stopped for 3-4 times in the first year, the height of the pennisetum hydridum reaches 1.2-1.4 meters, and the pennisetum hydridum is cut and stopped for 5-6 times every year.
8. A method for planting pasture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the wormcast is wormcast converted from cow dung serving as a main raw material;
preferably, the preparation method of the wormcast comprises the following steps:
earthworms are introduced into a culture bed set by cow dung bed bait, the bed is watered every day, the humidity of the bed is kept at 50% -55%, and raw materials in the culture bed are completely converted into wormcast; preferably, the length of the culture bed is 3-5 m, the width is 0.2-0.3 m, the height is 0.2-0.3 m, and the weight of earthworms added into the culture bed is 10-15 kg;
preferably, the culture bed is obtained by placing cow dung bed bait on a place with good drainage and shading in a strip shape.
9. A method for planting pasture grass in rare earth tailings as claimed in claim 8, wherein the cow dung base bed bait is prepared by the following steps:
fermenting the mixture of the cow dung, the wormcast and the navel orange residues in a fermentation tank, wherein preferably, the mass ratio of the cow dung to the wormcast to the navel orange residues is 100: 10-15: 5-10, and the fermentation time is 3-5 days;
preferably, the cow dung does not contain drinking water and rainwater.
10. The comprehensive treatment method of the rare earth tailings is characterized by comprising the steps of planting pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass in a rare earth tailing area according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 9;
establishing a cattle farm in a rare earth tailing area, and preparing feed by pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass to feed cattle;
earthworm is cultivated by cow dung to obtain wormcast, cow urine is fermented to obtain biogas slurry, and then pennisetum hydridum and ryegrass are respectively planted and irrigated by the wormcast and the biogas slurry.
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