CN111640636B - Traveling wave tube slow wave circuit working at positive and second spatial harmonics - Google Patents
Traveling wave tube slow wave circuit working at positive and second spatial harmonics Download PDFInfo
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- CN111640636B CN111640636B CN202010518096.6A CN202010518096A CN111640636B CN 111640636 B CN111640636 B CN 111640636B CN 202010518096 A CN202010518096 A CN 202010518096A CN 111640636 B CN111640636 B CN 111640636B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a traveling wave tube slow wave circuit working at positive and second spatial harmonics, wherein a plurality of periodic structures are placed in a rectangular waveguide, each period is formed by three metal grids which are sequentially placed at a certain interval, a gap is reserved between the left side and the right side of a first metal grid and the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, a gap is reserved between the lower side of a second metal grid and the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, a gap is reserved between the upper side of a third metal grid and the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, and the center of an open hole formed by the opening of the first metal grid, the opening of the second metal grid and the opening of the third metal grid are positioned on the same straight line and used as an electron beam channel. Therefore, the traveling wave tube slow wave circuit working at the positive secondary space harmonic wave can work in the positive secondary space, the size of the device is increased, and the output power can meet the actual requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vacuum electronic devices, and particularly relates to a traveling wave tube slow wave circuit working at positive second-order space harmonic.
Background
In the process of developing towards a high-frequency band and higher power, due to the influence of the size common effect, the traveling wave tube encounters the difficult problems that the size of a slow wave circuit is too small to be processed, the electron beam channel is too small to greatly reduce the available current and the like, and has scientific and technical bottlenecks of reduction of power capacity, limitation of the available current and the like, so that the output power is sharply reduced.
How to improve the slow wave circuit for the slow wave circuit realizes processing easily and utilizes more heavy current, alleviates the restriction that size common degree effect brought promptly, is the problem that needs urgent solution at present millimeter wave terahertz travelling wave tube.
Conventional approaches to alleviating the limitations of the common dimension effect include: the method is used for researching a processing means and a beam bunching method, researching a novel high-frequency structure and working by utilizing a high-order mode. However, under the condition of not increasing the current density, no method can multiply the available current of the terahertz traveling wave device; the increase in current density makes beam bunching very difficult, and although the bunching approach has been improved, it is far from satisfactory. Although device size can be increased and thus available current can be increased and structure processing can be made relatively easy with higher order mode operation, higher order mode operation suffers from a substantial reduction in coupling impedance, a narrowing of bandwidth, and a low to no practical value in efficiency.
Traveling wave tubes operating with higher spatial harmonics of the slow wave circuit can have a relatively large size. For example, a slow wave circuit of the zigzag waveguide traveling wave tube utilizing the positive first space harmonic wave is relatively larger than a slow wave circuit of the spiral line traveling wave tube utilizing the fundamental wave to work, so that the slow wave circuit can work in a higher frequency band. The size of the traveling wave tube slow wave circuit is relatively larger if it can operate with second order air harmonics. However, except that the rectangular single-grid return wave tube can work with negative second-order space harmonic wave, the output power is too low due to too low coupling impedance, and no existing traveling wave tube slow wave circuit can work with positive second-order space harmonic wave.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a traveling wave tube slow wave circuit working at positive and second spatial harmonics, the slow wave circuit can work by using the positive and second spatial harmonics so as to further increase the size of a device, meanwhile, the output power can meet the actual requirement, and the traveling wave tube working by using the slow wave circuit has good output performance.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a slow-wave circuit of a traveling-wave tube operating at positive second spatial harmonic, comprising:
a rectangular waveguide as a shield case;
a plurality of periodic structures, arrange in the rectangular waveguide in proper order, every cycle comprises three metal bars (be first metal bar, second metal bar and third metal bar in proper order) that place in proper order at a certain distance apart, wherein:
the upper direction and the lower direction of the first metal grid are contacted with the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, gaps are reserved between the left direction and the right direction and the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, and an opening is formed in the center;
the left direction, the right direction and the upper part of the second metal grid are contacted with the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, gaps are reserved between the lower part of the second metal grid and the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, and an opening is formed in the lower half part of the second metal grid;
the left direction, the right direction and the lower part of the third metal grid are contacted with the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, a gap is reserved between the upper part of the third metal grid and the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, and an opening is formed in the upper half part of the third metal grid;
the center of the opening of the first metal grid, the center of the opening formed by the opening of the second metal grid and the center of the opening formed by the opening of the third metal grid are on the same straight line and are used as electron beam channels.
The invention aims to realize the following steps:
the invention relates to a traveling wave tube slow wave circuit working at positive and second spatial harmonics, wherein a plurality of periodic structures are placed in a rectangular waveguide, each period is formed by three metal grids which are sequentially placed at a certain interval, gaps are reserved between the left and right sides of a first metal grid and the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, gaps are reserved between the lower side of a second metal grid and the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, gaps are reserved between the upper side of a third metal grid and the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, and the centers of open holes formed by the openings of the first metal grid, the openings of the second metal grid and the openings of the third metal grid are on the same straight line and used as an electron beam channel. Therefore, the traveling wave tube slow wave circuit working at the positive secondary space harmonic wave can work in the positive secondary space, the size of the device is increased, and the output power can meet the actual requirement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the traveling wave tube with the slow wave circuit can work by utilizing positive second space harmonic. The longitudinal electric field amplitude value of the positive second-order space harmonic wave is higher than the electric field amplitude values of the fundamental wave and the positive first-order space harmonic wave, the coupling impedance of the positive second-order space harmonic wave is in the magnitude order of several ohms, and the output power can meet the actual requirement. The traveling wave tube has relatively lower working voltage, and has a larger circuit structure when the working voltage is the same;
(2) when the traveling wave tube works by using the positive secondary space harmonic wave, the slow wave circuit structure is relatively larger under the condition of the same working voltage, so that the traveling wave tube can be easily processed in a millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band;
(3) under the condition of the same current density, the traveling wave tube can work by using larger current, so that the traveling wave tube has higher output power under the condition of the same technical difficulty.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a traveling wave tube slow wave circuit of the present invention operating at positive second spatial harmonics;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a periodic structure of a slow-wave circuit of the traveling-wave tube of FIG. 1 operating at positive second-order spatial harmonics, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of removing the upper rectangular waveguide wall and (b) is a schematic diagram of removing the right rectangular waveguide side wall;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the three metal gates shown in fig. 2, wherein (a) is a first metal gate, (b) is a second metal gate, and (c) is a third metal gate;
FIG. 4 is a dispersion curve diagram of the lowest three modes of a slow wave circuit of a traveling wave tube according to the parameters of Table 1;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the output power of a traveling wave tube constructed according to the parameters of Table 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in order to better understand the present invention for those skilled in the art with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be expressly noted that in the following description, a detailed description of known functions and designs will be omitted when it may obscure the subject matter of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a backward wave tube of a parallel coupling slow-wave circuit according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the slow-wave circuit of the traveling-wave tube operating at the positive second-order spatial harmonic of the present invention includes a rectangular waveguide 1 and a plurality of periodic structures 2.
The rectangular waveguide 1 serves as a shielding shell, and a plurality of periodic structures 2 are sequentially arranged in the rectangular waveguide.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, each period is composed of three metal grids placed at a certain distance in turn, which are a first metal grid 201, a second metal grid 202 and a third metal grid 203, wherein:
as shown in fig. 3(a), the first metal grid 201 contacts the inner wall 101 of the rectangular waveguide 1 in both the upper and lower directions, has a gap between the inner wall 101 of the rectangular waveguide 1 in both the left and right directions, and has a circular opening at the center.
As shown in fig. 3(b), the left and right directions and the upper side of the second metal grid 202 are both in contact with the inner wall 101 of the rectangular waveguide 1, a gap is formed between the lower side and the inner wall 101 of the rectangular waveguide 1, and the lower half opening is in an arched door shape, wherein the arch is a semicircular arc;
as shown in fig. 3(c), the left and right directions and the lower part of the third metal grid 203 are both in contact with the inner wall 101 of the rectangular waveguide 1, a gap is formed between the upper part and the inner wall 101 of the rectangular waveguide 1, and the upper part is opened in an inverted arch shape, wherein the arch shape is a semi-circular arc;
the circle center of the circular opening of the first metal grid 201, the circle center of the circular opening formed by the semicircular arc of the opening of the second metal grid 202 and the semicircular arc of the opening of the third metal grid 203 are on the same straight line and are used as electron beam channels.
In the specific implementation process, the rectangular waveguide can also be deformed into a cylinder shape;
in a specific implementation process, the opening may be a rectangular opening, and the opening may be a rectangular opening, so that the electron beam channel is deformed into a rectangular structure, and the traveling wave tube based on the rectangular opening can work by using a ribbon-shaped electron beam.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the slow-wave circuit of the traveling-wave tube operating at the positive second spatial harmonic of the present invention is formed by 20 periodic structures as shown in fig. 2, and at the ends of the two ends of the slow-wave circuit, the slow-wave circuit is subjected to appropriate structural transformation, and an appropriate input-output coupling circuit is designed to feed and couple the amplified signals.
The values of the slow wave circuit parameters are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Table 1 shows specific structural parameters of one period of the slow wave circuit in the G wave band, wherein w is the length of the wide side of the rectangular waveguide, h is the height of the shell of the rectangular waveguide, p is the length of one period, and w istIs the width of the first metal grid 201, r is the radius of the circular opening, and is also the radius of the semi-circular arc of the arched door of the second metal grid 202 and the third metal grid 203, h1Is the height, h, of the second metal gate 2022Is the height of the third metal gate 203, t is the thickness of the first metal gate 201, the second metal gate 202 and the third metal gate 203 (only the thickness of the first metal gate is marked, and the second metal gate and the third metal gate are not marked), d1Is the distance between the first metal gate 201 and the second metal gate 202. d2The distance between the second metal gate 202 and the third metal gate 203. The dispersion obtained from table 1 is shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from fig. 4, the fundamental mode of the slow-wave circuit exists in a single mode, so that the traveling-wave tube formed by the slow-wave circuit can operate in a single mode.
PIC simulations were performed on the traveling wave tube of fig. 2 based on the parameters of table 1, and the resulting traveling wave tube output power is shown in fig. 5. In simulation, the finite conductivity of the metal material is set to be 2 × 107S, the operating voltage is 26700V, which is the operating voltage corresponding to the second spatial harmonic, and the operating current is 70 mA. FIG. 5 shows that the 3dB bandwidth of the traveling wave tube is 4.8GHz, the in-band output power is greater than 47W, the maximum output power is 98W, and the efficiency is 5.24%. The calculated data indicate that the traveling wave tube of the present invention can operate with second spatial harmonics.
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all matters of the invention which utilize the inventive concepts are protected.
Claims (1)
1. A traveling wave tube slow wave circuit operating at positive second spatial harmonics, comprising:
a rectangular waveguide as a shield case;
a plurality of periodic structures are arranged in the rectangular waveguide in sequence, each period is composed of three metal grids which are arranged at a certain distance in sequence, namely a first metal grid, a second metal grid and a third metal grid, wherein:
the upper direction and the lower direction of the first metal grid are contacted with the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, gaps are reserved between the left direction and the right direction and the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, and an opening is formed in the center;
the left direction, the right direction and the upper side of the second metal grid are in contact with the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, gaps are reserved between the lower side of the second metal grid and the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, and an opening is formed in the lower half part of the second metal grid;
the left direction, the right direction and the lower part of the third metal grid are contacted with the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, gaps are reserved between the upper part and the inner wall of the rectangular waveguide, and an opening is formed in the upper half part;
the opening of the first metal gate is circular;
the lower half opening of the second metal grid is in an arch door shape, wherein the arch is a semicircular arc;
the upper half opening of the third metal grid is in an inverted arch door shape, wherein the arch is a semi-circular arc;
the center of the circular opening of the first metal grid, the center of the circular opening formed by the semicircular arc of the opening of the second metal grid and the semicircular arc of the opening of the third metal grid are on the same straight line and are used as an electronic channel.
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| CN202010518096.6A CN111640636B (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2020-06-09 | Traveling wave tube slow wave circuit working at positive and second spatial harmonics |
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