CN111638136B - High-speed railway foundation dynamic loading model test device and method for underlying underground engineering - Google Patents
High-speed railway foundation dynamic loading model test device and method for underlying underground engineering Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-speed railway foundation power loading model test device and a method for an underlying underground engineering, and the technical scheme is that a space enclosed by a bottom plate, a left side beam, a right side beam and soil limiting plates at two sides forms a filling space of a similar rock-soil body, a sliding table which is driven by an electric push rod and slides left and right along the length direction of the top beam is arranged on the top beam, and a loading mechanism which extends downwards out of the lower surface of the top beam and is positioned right above the filling space is fixed on the sliding table; when the electric push rod drives the sliding table to drive the loading mechanism to slide back and forth along the length direction of the top beam, the first steering touch plate is contacted with the steering button on the second steering touch plate and presses the steering button, the steering button is triggered, and the electric push rod changes the telescopic direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of foundation dynamic loading similar model tests, in particular to a high-speed railway foundation dynamic loading model test device and method for an underlying underground engineering.
Background
The method aims at the research of the related problems of building a high-speed railway on the foundation of the existing under-engineering, and the like, and a large number of model tests are needed to be carried out besides the field test, so that comprehensive and reliable test data are obtained to support the actual engineering.
The utility model patent with publication number CN 101787716A relates to a model test device for researching dynamic response and long-term sedimentation rules of a high-speed railway and the utility model patent with publication number CN 106501079A relates to a roadbed dynamic loading model test system, and the two utility model devices can only test vibration displacement, speed and acceleration of a roadbed and a shallow foundation under the action of a train cyclic dynamic load, but do not consider accumulated deformation and dynamic stress attenuation of an underlying underground engineering foundation under the action of the cyclic dynamic load. The utility model patent with publication number CN 204405654U discloses a device for simulating goaf exploitation, which is inserted into a rubber tube filled with sand by using a hollow tube so as to achieve the purpose of simulating goaf exploitation by using sand discharge. The device is full of sand in the rubber tube and the level is laid, and sand compresses closely knit and mobility is poor under the action of the upper earth covering layer dead weight, and the operation is difficult, leads to experimental effect not good. The device can only simulate a shallow goaf, but cannot simulate the influence of the cyclic dynamic load of the high-speed rail on the goaf foundation. The utility model patent with publication number CN 110409518A discloses a device and a method for a high-speed railway goaf foundation simulated power loading model test. The device water bag is placed horizontally, the water bag is soft in material and easy to deform, the construction difficulty of the soil layer on the upper portion of the water bag is high, and the fixed loading device cannot accurately simulate the real running condition of a train. Furthermore, the utility model prefabricated the rock-soil body outside the model and then moved into the model, which is extremely difficult and impossible to achieve.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a high-speed railway foundation power loading model test device and method for the underground engineering, which can effectively solve the problem of high-speed railway foundation power loading simulation test of the underground engineering.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The high-speed railway foundation power loading model test device for the underlying underground engineering comprises a base, a left side beam, a right side beam and a top beam, wherein the left side beam and the right side beam are vertically arranged on two sides of the base, the top beam is horizontally arranged on the tops of the left side beam and the right side beam, a plurality of soil limiting plates are connected between two side surfaces of the left side beam and the right side beam, the space enclosed by the bottom plate, the left side beam, the right side beam and the soil limiting plates on two sides forms a filling space of a similar rock-soil body, a sliding table which is driven by an electric push rod and slides leftwards and rightwards along the length direction of the top beam is arranged on the top beam, and a loading mechanism which downwards extends out of the lower surface of the top beam and is positioned right above the filling space is fixed on the sliding table; the loading mechanism comprises a supporting plate connected to the bottom of the sliding table, two symmetrical telescopic loading mechanisms are respectively arranged at two ends of the supporting plate, track pulleys which extend along with the telescopic loading mechanisms are connected to the lower ends of the telescopic loading mechanisms, first steering touch plates which extend downwards are connected to the lower surfaces of the two ends of the supporting plate, steering buttons which are used for changing the extending direction of the electric push rods are respectively arranged on the surfaces of the first steering touch plates at the two ends, which are far away from each other, and relative to the center line of the supporting plate, the steering buttons are arranged on the outer sides of the telescopic loading mechanisms, braking steering mechanisms which are located at the same height with the first steering touch plates are respectively arranged on the sides, which are close to each other, of the upper ends of the left side beams and the right side beams, second steering touch plates which correspond to the steering buttons are respectively fixed on the end faces of one ends, which are close to each other, and when the electric push rods drive the sliding table to drive the loading mechanism to slide forwards and backwards along the length direction of the top beam, the steering buttons on the first steering touch plates are contacted with the second steering touch buttons and squeeze the steering buttons, the steering buttons are triggered by the steering buttons, and the electric push rods change the extending directions, and reciprocating circulation sliding structures of the loading mechanisms are formed.
Preferably, the test device further comprises a controller, the telescopic loading mechanism is provided with a pressure sensor for detecting loading force of the telescopic loading mechanism, and the controller is respectively connected with a driving part, the pressure sensor, the electric push rod and the steering button of the telescopic loading mechanism.
The telescopic loading mechanism comprises a hydraulic jack which is fixed on the bottom surface of the supporting plate and stretches along the vertical direction, a vibration exciter supporting plate which stretches and goes up and down along with the hydraulic jack is fixed on the movable part of the lower end of the hydraulic jack, a vibration exciter which stretches along the vertical direction is fixed on the lower surface of the vibration exciter supporting plate, and a track pulley matched with the track mechanism is connected at the lower end of the vibration exciter.
The tunnel precast blocks or the goaf precast blocks or the combination of the tunnel precast blocks and the goaf precast blocks are buried in the similar rock-soil body, and meanwhile, the sensor for monitoring dynamic stress, vibration acceleration or soil settlement in the similar rock-soil body under dynamic load is buried in the similar rock-soil body.
A power loading simulation test method for building underground engineering below an existing high-speed railway based on the test device comprises the following steps:
Step 1: measuring actual working conditions, scaling the high-speed railway roadbed and the geological conditions in equal proportion by adopting a similar principle to obtain the corresponding similar rock-soil body size, and adjusting the position of the left side beam according to the similar rock-soil body size to enable the filling space to be matched with the corresponding similar rock-soil body size obtained by scaling in equal proportion;
step 2: preparing a material of a similar rock-soil body according to a similar principle;
Step 3: laying similar rock-soil bodies in the filling space in an inner layer and burying corresponding sensors 22;
step 4: after the similar rock-soil body of the model is consolidated and stabilized, paving a track mechanism above the similar rock-soil body;
Step 5: spraying water above the similar rock-soil body to simulate natural precipitation;
step 6: and (3) disassembling the soil limiting plate, excavating a supporting goaf or a subway tunnel at a corresponding position on a similar rock-soil body, enabling the loading mechanism to reciprocate along the track mechanism under the condition of applying dynamic load, simulating actual train operation, and monitoring settlement deformation of an upper track system or dynamic stress and vibration acceleration of the rock body through the sensor.
A power loading simulation test method for the existing underground engineering under the operation high-speed railway based on the test device comprises the following steps:
Step 1: measuring actual working conditions, scaling the high-speed railway roadbed and the geological conditions in equal proportion by adopting a similar principle to obtain the corresponding similar rock-soil body size, and adjusting the position of the left side beam according to the similar rock-soil body size to enable the filling space to be matched with the corresponding similar rock-soil body size obtained by scaling in equal proportion;
step 2: preparing a material of a similar rock-soil body according to a similar principle; preparing a tunnel precast block or a goaf precast block by using corresponding similar materials, and respectively simulating and replacing a goaf or a subway tunnel of the underlying existing underground engineering;
step 3: laying similar rock-soil bodies in layers in the filling space, burying corresponding sensors 22, and burying prefabricated tunnel precast blocks or goaf precast blocks at corresponding positions;
step 4: after the similar rock-soil body of the model is consolidated and stabilized, paving a track mechanism above the similar rock-soil body;
Step 5: spraying water above the similar rock-soil body to simulate natural precipitation;
step 6: the loading mechanism reciprocates along the rail mechanism under the condition of applying dynamic load, simulates the actual train operation, and monitors the settlement deformation of the upper rail system or the dynamic stress and vibration acceleration of the rock mass through the sensor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. The dynamic load of the track mechanism is applied through a telescopic loading mechanism formed by the hydraulic jack and the vibration exciter, the vibration exciter is dynamically controlled, the telescopic compensation of the vibration exciter is controlled in real time according to the loading force data acquired by the pressure sensor, the load applied on the steel rail is ensured not to change through the pressure compensation, the stability of the loading force of the track is maintained, the distortion caused by the reduction of the applied load due to the settlement of soil is avoided, and meanwhile, the actual vibration load action frequency during the running of the high-speed train can be truly simulated by setting the loading curve of the load;
2. The electric push rod drives the sliding table to move, so that the rail pulley at the lower part of the loading mechanism is driven to slide on the steel rail, when the first steering touch plate is contacted with the steering button on the second steering touch plate and presses the steering button, the steering button is triggered, the electric push rod changes the telescopic direction, so that the loading mechanism slides in a reciprocating and circulating mode, and meanwhile, the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod is adjusted to effectively simulate different running speeds of a train, so that the reciprocating movement can simulate the real working condition of the reciprocating running of the train of the high speed railway;
3. The filling space of the similar rock-soil body is constructed through the soil limiting plates on the surfaces of the left side beam and the right side beam, the size of the filling space can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the model size through the sliding of the left side beam, and meanwhile, the hydraulic jacks are arranged in the left side beam and the right side beam to provide horizontal lateral stress boundary conditions, so that the laying of the similar rock-soil body is completed better;
4. After the similar rock-soil body is paved, a supporting goaf or a subway tunnel can be excavated at the corresponding position of the similar rock-soil body by removing the soil body limiting plate, or the existing underground engineering such as the goaf, the subway tunnel, the underground pipe gallery and the like can be simulated at any position through the tunnel precast block or the goaf precast block in the process of paving the similar rock-soil body, the underground engineering is simulated by utilizing the precast block method, the layered paving of the overlying rock-soil body and the embedding of various sensors are more convenient, the similar simulation can be completed better, and the dynamic loading of a physical test model is monitored more accurately;
5. The dynamic loading simulation test device for the underground engineering under the high-speed railway can be used for carrying out dynamic loading simulation tests of the existing underground engineering under the operation high-speed railway, and can also be used for carrying out dynamic loading simulation tests of the underground engineering under the operation high-speed railway.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the present invention.
Fig. 3-4 are perspective views of the left side member of the present invention at two different angles.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the sliding table of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the telescopic loading mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the brake steering mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the track mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a block diagram of the original circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view (taken at a similar rock-soil body) of the present invention in use.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the drawings.
1-10, The invention comprises a base 2, a left side beam 3 and a right side beam 4 which are vertically arranged at two sides of the base 2, and a top beam 5 which is horizontally arranged at the tops of the left side beam and the right side beam, wherein a plurality of soil limiting plates 9 which are arranged side by side are connected between two side surfaces of the left side beam 3 and the right side beam 4, a filling space of a similar rock-soil body is formed by a space surrounded by a bottom plate, the left side beam, the right side beam and the soil limiting plates at two sides, a sliding table 14 which is driven by an electric push rod 20 and slides left and right along the length direction of the top beam is arranged on the top beam 5, and a loading mechanism 12 which extends downwards out of the lower surface of the top beam and is positioned right above the filling space is fixed on the sliding table 14; the loading mechanism 12 comprises a supporting plate 123 connected to the bottom of the sliding table 14, two symmetrical groups of telescopic loading mechanisms are respectively arranged at two ends of the supporting plate 123, a track pulley 18 which stretches along with the telescopic loading mechanisms is connected to the lower end of the telescopic loading mechanisms, first steering contact plates 124 which extend downwards are connected to the lower surfaces of two ends of the supporting plate 123, steering buttons 127 for changing the stretching direction of the electric push rod 20 are respectively arranged on the first steering contact plates at two ends, the steering buttons 127 are respectively arranged on the surfaces of the first steering contact plates at two ends, which are far away from each other, and relative to the center line of the supporting plate, the steering buttons are arranged on the outer sides of the telescopic loading mechanisms, brake steering mechanisms 15 which are located at the same height as the first steering contact plates are respectively arranged on the sides, which are close to each other at the upper ends of the left side beams 3 and the right side beams 4, second steering contact plates 151 which correspond to the steering buttons 127 are respectively fixed on the end faces of one ends, when the electric push rod 20 drives the sliding table to slide the loading mechanism to slide forwards and backwards along the length direction, the steering buttons are contacted with the steering buttons on the second steering contact plates 151, the steering buttons are triggered, and the steering buttons are changed, and the directions of the electric push rod 20 change directions, and the reciprocating sliding structures of the loading mechanisms are formed.
In order to ensure the use effect, the test device further comprises a controller 21, a pressure sensor for detecting the loading force of the telescopic loading mechanism is arranged on the telescopic loading mechanism, and the controller 21 is respectively connected with a driving part of the telescopic loading mechanism, the pressure sensor, the electric push rod 20 and the steering button 127.
As shown in fig. 2, the controller 21 may be fixed on the outer sidewall of the right side beam 4 far away from one end of the left side beam, so as to facilitate operation, the controller 21 may be connected with operation keys, a display and a power supply matched with the controller, and the display is used for displaying information such as parameters and states of various components; the operation key is used for inputting instructions to perform corresponding operation, on-off operation and the like on each component; the power supply supplies power to each component.
The controller is used for receiving loading force data acquired by the pressure sensor, controlling the driving part of the telescopic loading mechanism to stretch and retract in real time according to the loading force data, keeping stability of track loading force, receiving a trigger signal after the steering button is pressed down, and converting the stretching direction of the electric push rod.
The telescopic loading mechanism comprises a hydraulic jack 121 which is fixed on the bottom surface of a supporting plate 123 and stretches out and draws back along the vertical direction, a vibration exciter supporting plate 125 which stretches out and draws back along with the hydraulic jack 121 is fixed on the movable part of the lower end of the hydraulic jack 121, a vibration exciter 122 which stretches out and draws back along the vertical direction is fixed on the lower surface of the vibration exciter supporting plate 125, and a track pulley 18 which is matched with the track mechanism 16 is connected to the lower end of the vibration exciter 122.
The track pulley 18 comprises an axle supporting block 184 fixedly connected to the lower end of the vibration exciter, an axle 181 rotatably penetrating through the axle supporting block 184, and wheels 182 fixed to two ends of the axle.
The pressure sensor may be disposed between the axle 181 and the axle support block 184 for collecting the applied pressure.
In the embodiment, driving components of the telescopic loading mechanism are a hydraulic jack 121 and a vibration exciter 122, a controller is respectively connected with input ends of the hydraulic jack 121 and the vibration exciter 122, an initial pressure is firstly applied through the hydraulic jack, then dynamic control is carried out through the vibration exciter, telescopic compensation of the vibration exciter is controlled in real time according to loading force data acquired by a pressure sensor, load applied to a steel rail is guaranteed not to change through pressure compensation, stability of loading force of a rail is kept, distortion caused by reduction of the applied load due to soil settlement is avoided, and meanwhile, the actual vibration load action frequency during running of a high-speed train can be truly simulated through a loading curve of the load set by the vibration exciter;
The lower end of the vibration exciter 122 is fixed with a first connecting plate 126, the upper end of the wheel axle supporting block 184 is fixed with a second connecting plate 183, and the first connecting plate 126 and the second connecting plate 183 are connected through bolts.
A similar rock-soil body 19 is paved in the filling space, the upper part of the similar rock-soil body 19 extends out of the filling space, and a track mechanism 16 is paved on the similar rock-soil body of the extending part.
The rail mechanism 16 includes a base 161 laid on the upper surface of a similar rock-soil body, a rail plate 162 fixed to the upper surface of the base 161, sleepers 163 fixedly laid on the rail plate 162, and rails 164 fixedly laid on the sleepers 163. The track pulley 18 is in sliding engagement with the rail 164.
The similar rock-soil body 19 is embedded with the tunnel precast block 11 or the goaf precast block 10 or the combination of the tunnel precast block and the goaf precast block, and the similar rock-soil body is embedded with the sensor 22 for monitoring the dynamic stress, the vibration acceleration or the soil body settlement under dynamic load.
If the sensor can adopt HC-3100 series vibrating wire type soil pressure boxes for monitoring dynamic stress in similar rock and soil bodies under dynamic load, the HC-3100 series vibrating wire type soil pressure boxes are matched with a dynamic soil pressure testing instrument, the dynamic soil pressure testing instrument adopts an Donghua DH5937 acquisition instrument, and the Donghua DH5937 acquisition instrument is connected with the HC-3100 series vibrating wire type soil pressure boxes and then connected with a notebook computer provided with a DHDAS dynamic signal acquisition and analysis system to monitor the dynamic stress of the similar rock and soil bodies;
Monitoring department of vibration acceleration in similar rock-soil body under dynamic load adopts an embedded LCD type acceleration sensor to monitor, the acceleration sensor converts signals into 4-20mA standard signals, and the signals are directly collected by a PLC or DCS and other control systems and are connected with a computer;
The monitoring of the settlement of the soil body in the similar rock-soil body under dynamic load can be realized by adopting an LVDT differential transformer type displacement sensor matched with XSEW high-precision display instrument and connecting the two sensors by a computer.
The soil pressure boxes and the acceleration sensors are uniformly arranged along the soil layer from top to bottom and are used for monitoring the propagation characteristics of dynamic stress and vibration acceleration along the depth direction of the soil layer; the displacement sensor is mainly arranged on the top plate of the underground engineering and the lower part of the track system to monitor the stability of the underground engineering and ensure the operation safety of the high-speed train.
In the test process, the information acquired by various types of sensors is transmitted to a computer through an information acquisition instrument, and the data acquisition technology of the sensors is the prior art.
The left side beam 3 is provided with a first pulley 31 on the upper end face and the lower end face respectively, the upper surface of the base 2 and the lower surface of the top beam 5 are provided with a first pulley track 7 corresponding to the first pulley 31 respectively, the first pulley 31 is arranged in the first pulley track in a sliding way to form a front-back sliding structure of the left side beam along the length direction of the base and the top beam, and the base 2 is provided with a second hydraulic jack 6 for driving the left side beam to slide.
The second hydraulic jack 6 is connected with a controller for controlling the initial position of the left side beam.
The one end that the base kept away from right side roof beam 4 is fixed with the first limiting plate 1 that prevents left side roof beam and drop, and the fixed part of second hydraulic jack 6 is adorned on first limiting plate 1, and the telescopic link and the left side roof beam of second hydraulic jack 6 link together, and the left side roof beam can be driven to slide along first pulley track back and forth to the flexible of second hydraulic jack 6 to control its initial position, simulate the similar ground body of equidimension.
The soil body limiting plate 9 can be made of channel steel, two ends of the channel steel are respectively fixed on the side beams on the corresponding sides through connecting bolts 8, and the edges of the two upper and lower adjacent channel steel are tightly attached to prevent soil leakage. Different channel steels are customized according to different lengths of the left side beam 3 and the right side beam 4 to serve as soil limiting plates.
The brake steering mechanism 15 is provided with a bolt connecting hole 152, the brake steering mechanism is fixedly connected with the left side beam 3 and the right side beam 4 through connecting bolts in the bolt connecting hole, the upper surface of the steering mechanism 15 is separated from the top beam, and friction in the sliding process is avoided.
The side surfaces of the left side beam 3 and the right side beam 4, which are close to each other, are provided with a force transmission pressing plate 131 for applying lateral stress, which is driven by a third hydraulic jack 13.
The third hydraulic jacks 13 are horizontally fixed in the left side beam 3 and the right side beam 4, the telescopic rods of the third hydraulic jacks are connected with the force transmission pressing plates 131, and when the telescopic rods are telescopic, the force transmission pressing plates can be driven to squeeze similar rock-soil bodies in the filling space, so that lateral stress is applied to the similar rock-soil bodies, and boundary conditions are determined.
The sliding table 14 comprises a bottom plate 144, a vertical plate 145 vertically connected to the upper surface of the bottom plate and a top plate 142 horizontally connected to the upper end of the vertical plate, a second pulley track 17 arranged along the length direction of the top plate 5 is arranged on the top plate 5, a plurality of second pulleys 143 matched with the second pulley track 17 are rotatably connected to the top plate 142, the second pulleys are slidably arranged on the second pulley track to form a guiding structure for sliding the sliding table along the length direction of the top plate, a driving connecting block 141 is fixed to the top plate 142, an electric push rod 20 is fixed to one side of the top plate, a telescopic rod of the electric push rod 20 is fixedly connected with the driving connecting block 141, a first bolt hole 144a is formed in the bottom plate 144, a second bolt hole 123a corresponding to the first bolt hole 144a is formed in the supporting plate 123, and the bottom plate 144 and the supporting plate 123 are fixedly connected together through bolts and nuts screwed in the two bolt holes.
The end of the second pulley track 17, which is far away from the right side beam 4, is fixed with a second limiting plate 18 for preventing the sliding table from falling off.
The electric push rod 20 stretches out and draws back, and can drive the sliding table to slide back and forth along the second pulley track, so that the loading mechanism is driven to slide back and forth along the steel rail.
A power loading simulation test method for building underground engineering below an existing high-speed railway based on the test device comprises the following steps:
Step 1: measuring actual working conditions, scaling the high-speed railway roadbed and the geological conditions in equal proportion by adopting a similar principle to obtain the corresponding similar rock-soil body size, and adjusting the position of the left side beam according to the similar rock-soil body size to enable the filling space to be matched with the corresponding similar rock-soil body size obtained by scaling in equal proportion;
step 2: preparing a material of a similar rock-soil body according to a similar principle;
Step 3: laying similar rock-soil bodies in the filling space in an inner layer and burying corresponding sensors 22;
detecting that the relevant physical indexes of each layer of soil sample are qualified, and then manufacturing and paving upper soil;
step 4: after the similar rock-soil body of the model is consolidated and stabilized, paving a track mechanism above the similar rock-soil body;
Step 5: spraying water above the similar rock-soil body to simulate natural precipitation;
step 6: and (3) disassembling the soil limiting plate, excavating a supporting goaf or a subway tunnel at a corresponding position on a similar rock-soil body, enabling the loading mechanism 12 to reciprocate along the track mechanism under the condition of applying dynamic load, simulating actual train operation, and monitoring settlement deformation of an upper track system or dynamic stress and vibration acceleration of the rock body through the sensor.
The data measured by the measuring equipment is transmitted to the computer, and subsequent data processing analysis is carried out to obtain a test result, so that the simulation test for building the underground engineering below the existing high-speed railway is more focused and the influence of excavation of the underground engineering on track settlement deformation is monitored.
A power loading simulation test method for the existing underground engineering under the operation high-speed railway based on the test device comprises the following steps:
Step 1: measuring actual working conditions, scaling the high-speed railway roadbed and the geological conditions in equal proportion by adopting a similar principle to obtain the corresponding similar rock-soil body size, and adjusting the position of the left side beam according to the similar rock-soil body size to enable the filling space to be matched with the corresponding similar rock-soil body size obtained by scaling in equal proportion;
Step 2: preparing a material of a similar rock-soil body according to a similar principle; preparing a tunnel precast block 11 or a goaf precast block 10 (a box body or a pipe body) by using corresponding similar materials, and respectively simulating to replace a goaf or a subway tunnel of the underlying existing underground engineering;
step 3: laying similar rock-soil bodies in layers in the filling space, burying corresponding sensors 22, and burying prefabricated tunnel precast blocks 11 or goaf precast blocks 10 at corresponding positions;
detecting that the relevant physical indexes of each layer of soil sample are qualified, and then manufacturing and paving upper soil;
step 4: after the similar rock-soil body of the model is consolidated and stabilized, paving a track mechanism above the similar rock-soil body;
Step 5: spraying water above the similar rock-soil body to simulate natural precipitation;
step 6: the loading mechanism 12 reciprocates along the rail mechanism under the application of dynamic load, simulates actual train operation, and monitors settlement deformation of the upper rail system or dynamic stress and vibration acceleration of the rock mass by the sensor.
The power loading simulation test of the existing underground engineering under the operation high-speed railway is more focused and monitors the influence of train operation on the existing underground engineering, namely, the dynamic stress and the vibration acceleration of the similar rock-soil body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. The dynamic load of the track mechanism is applied through a telescopic loading mechanism formed by the hydraulic jack and the vibration exciter, the vibration exciter is dynamically controlled, the telescopic compensation of the vibration exciter is controlled in real time according to the loading force data acquired by the pressure sensor, the load applied on the steel rail is ensured not to change through the pressure compensation, the stability of the loading force of the track is maintained, the distortion caused by the reduction of the applied load due to the soil settlement is avoided, and meanwhile, the actual vibration load action frequency during the running of a high-speed train can be truly simulated through the loading curve of the load set by the vibration exciter;
2. The electric push rod drives the sliding table to move, so that the rail pulley at the lower part of the loading mechanism is driven to slide on the steel rail, when the first steering touch plate is contacted with the steering button on the second steering touch plate and presses the steering button, the steering button is triggered, the electric push rod changes the telescopic direction, so that the loading mechanism slides in a reciprocating and circulating mode, and meanwhile, the telescopic speed of the telescopic rod is adjusted to effectively simulate different running speeds of a train, so that the reciprocating movement can simulate the real working condition of the reciprocating running of the train of the high speed railway;
3. The filling space of the similar rock-soil body is constructed through the soil limiting plates on the surfaces of the left side beam and the right side beam, the size of the filling space can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the model size through the sliding of the left side beam, and meanwhile, the hydraulic jacks are arranged in the left side beam and the right side beam to provide horizontal lateral stress boundary conditions, so that the laying of the similar rock-soil body is completed better;
4. After the similar rock-soil body is paved, a supporting goaf or a subway tunnel can be excavated at the corresponding position of the similar rock-soil body by removing the soil body limiting plate, or the existing underground engineering such as the goaf, the subway tunnel, the underground pipe gallery and the like can be simulated at any position through the tunnel precast block or the goaf precast block in the process of paving the similar rock-soil body, the underground engineering is simulated by utilizing the precast block method, the layered paving of the overlying rock-soil body and the embedding of various sensors are more convenient, the similar simulation can be completed better, and the dynamic loading of a physical test model is monitored more accurately;
5. The dynamic loading simulation test device for the underground engineering under the high-speed railway can be used for carrying out dynamic loading simulation tests of the existing underground engineering under the operation high-speed railway, and can also be used for carrying out dynamic loading simulation tests of the underground engineering under the operation high-speed railway.
The simulation experiment data of the invention are as follows:
In situ test
Taking a tunnel with a buried depth of 32 meters as an example, various sensors are buried from the top plate of the tunnel upwards to the ground surface, and the types of the sensors are as follows: displacement sensor, acceleration sensor and dynamic stress sensor. And in the running process of the high-speed rail, the stress and vibration related information of train running acquired by various sensors are acquired and transmitted to a computer.
Physical and mechanical parameters of soil layer
Principle of similarity
(1) Geometric similarity ratio
The geometric similarity ratio is alpha L =1/100, the engineering prototype length is selected to be 100m, the goaf burial depth is selected to be 32m, and therefore the model size is 100cm long, 40cm wide and 45cm high.
(2) Density-to-similarity ratio
The average density of the prototype rock stratum is ρ y =2.2, and the dry density of the model material is ρ m =1.6.
αρ＝ρy/ρm＝1.6/2.2＝0.73
(3) Stress to strength similarity ratio
ασ＝αρ×αL＝0.0073
(4) Speed-to-similarity ratio
Velocity of a point in the V y prototype and velocity of a point corresponding to the V m model
αv＝Vy/Vm
(5) Time similarity ratio
Since the geometric similarity ratio is α L =1/100, the temporal similarity ratio is α t＝ 1/10
(6) Acceleration similarity ratio
αa＝αL/αt 2＝1
And calculating the thickness and weight of each layer of material of the model according to the geometrical similarity ratio and the stress-strength similarity ratio according to the occurrence condition of the overlying strata of the tunnel. In the simulation test, fine river sand with the grain diameter smaller than 0.05mm is selected as aggregate, gypsum and calcium carbonate have the characteristic of brittle failure, gypsum is selected as a main cementing material, calcium carbonate is selected as an auxiliary cementing material, and mica powder is used for simulating the weak surface between rock strata. Because the gypsum material has high solidification and cementing speed, a small amount of borax is added into similar materials as retarder, and water is added into the similar materials to prepare a solution with the concentration of 1 percent. The materials are similar in proportion as follows:
material similar proportion table
| Sequence number | Lithology of rock | Thickness/cm | Layering | Number of match | Sand/kg | Lime/kg | Gypsum/kg | Water/kg |
| 1 | Artificial earth filling layer | 3 | 2 | 537 | 42 | 2.6 | 5.9 | 5 |
| 2 | Alluvial flood lamination | 8 | 2 | 437 | 107.5 | 8.2 | 18.9 | 13.4 |
| 3 | Plastic residual layer | 10 | 2 | 355 | 122.5 | 7.4 | 17.1 | 14.8 |
| 4 | Fully weathered rock formation | 9 | 3 | 337 | 113.3 | 11.4 | 26.3 | 15.2 |
| 5 | Strong weathering formation | 5 | 1 | 573 | 78.3 | 10.9 | 4.7 | 9.4 |
| 6 | Middle weathered rock formation | 5 | 1 | 328 | 52.3 | 8.6 | 4.6 | 8.2 |
1, The method comprises the following steps: and 100 is a similarity ratio, a physical model test is carried out, similar rock-soil bodies and tunnel precast blocks are prepared according to the similarity ratio of the parameters, and the thickness, the moving speed, the loading load and the like of each soil layer are determined. Sensor type: displacement sensor, acceleration sensor and dynamic stress sensor. The spacing and burial depth of the various sensors are also according to the geometric similarity ratio 1:100 is buried. The vehicle load may take the form of sinusoidal pulses:
P(t)＝P0+Psin(2πft)
wherein: p is the pressure on the contact patch; p 0
For vehicle static load, P is vibration load amplitude; f is the load acting frequency, and the frequency is the actual load acting frequency. And applying a train static load P 0 by utilizing a hydraulic jack on the loading mechanism, and adjusting the loading frequency f and the vibration load amplitude P of the vibration exciter. After the equipment is debugged, the simulation test can be carried out through the model test device.
The following experimental data are measured for 50 train trips:
Data collected by the model test device:
Dynamic stress:
| Depth of burial (cm) | 0 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 |
| Dynamic stress (Kpa) | 0.65 | 0.45 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Vertical vibration acceleration:
| Depth of burial (cm) | 0 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 |
| Vertical acceleration (m/s) | 0.038 | 0.036 | 0.022 | 0.01 | 0.0037 | 0.001 |
Sedimentation:
| Depth of burial (cm) | 0 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 |
| Sedimentation (mm) | 1.5 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 4.12 | 5.16 | 6.04 | 6.75 | 7.62 | 8.31 |
Actual measurement data of field test:
Dynamic stress:
| Depth of burial (m) | 0 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 |
| Dynamic stress (Kpa) | 53 | 42 | 24 | 18 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 1.6 | 0.8 |
Vertical vibration acceleration:
| Depth of burial (m) | 0 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 |
| Vertical acceleration (m/s) | 0.04 | 0.035 | 0.020 | 0.008 | 0.0037 | 0.001 |
Sedimentation:
| Depth of burial (m) | 0 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 |
| Sedimentation (cm) | 13 | 19 | 28 | 41.2 | 50.6 | 61 | 68 | 75 | 81 |
From the above-mentioned situation, it can be clearly seen that the dynamic stress and the vibration acceleration process the monitoring data according to the similarity ratio principle, and the monitoring data obtained by the invention is very close to the numerical analysis and the on-site monitoring results, and the dynamic stress and the vertical vibration acceleration both satisfy the exponential decay characteristics along the depth direction under the three monitoring methods. According to the power machine basic design specification, the transmission rule of dynamic stress and vertical vibration acceleration along the depth direction of the rock-soil body under vibration load is exponential attenuation. Therefore, the device has high accuracy of test results. In addition, the test results meet the requirements of underground engineering stability and high-speed train operation safety evaluation. Therefore, the invention has high practical application value.
Claims (7)
1. The high-speed railway foundation power loading model test device for the underlying underground engineering is characterized by comprising a base (2), a left side beam (3) and a right side beam (4) which are vertically arranged on two sides of the base (2) and a top beam (5) which is horizontally arranged on the tops of the left side beam and the right side beam, wherein a plurality of soil limiting plates (9) which are arranged side by side are connected between two side surfaces of the left side beam (3) and the right side beam (4), a filling space similar to a rock-soil body is formed by a space surrounded by a bottom plate, the left side beam, the right side beam and the soil limiting plates on two sides, a sliding table (14) which is driven by an electric push rod (20) and slides leftwards and rightwards along the length direction of the top beam is arranged on the top beam (5), and a loading mechanism (12) which downwards extends out of the lower surface of the top beam and is positioned right above the filling space is fixed on the sliding table (14); the loading mechanism (12) comprises a supporting plate (123) connected to the bottom of the sliding table (14), two symmetrical groups of telescopic loading mechanisms are respectively arranged at two ends of the supporting plate (123), a track pulley (18) which stretches along with the telescopic loading mechanisms is connected to the lower ends of the telescopic loading mechanisms, first steering contact plates (124) which extend downwards are respectively connected to the lower surfaces of two ends of the supporting plate (123), steering buttons (127) for changing the telescopic direction of the electric push rods (20) are respectively arranged on the first steering contact plates at two ends, the steering buttons (127) are respectively arranged on the surfaces, far away from each other, of the first steering contact plates at two ends, and are positioned on the outer sides of the telescopic loading mechanisms relative to the center line of the supporting plate, a brake steering mechanism (15) which is positioned at the same height as the first steering contact plates is respectively arranged on one side, which is close to each other, and a second steering contact plate (151) which corresponds to the steering buttons (127) are respectively fixed on one end surface of each brake steering mechanism (15), and when the electric push rods (20) drive the sliding table to drive the loading mechanisms to slide forwards and backwards along the length direction of the top beam, the first steering contact with the second steering contact buttons (124) and the second steering contact with the second steering contact buttons (151) in a reciprocating manner, and the reciprocating structure is pressed, and the steering mechanism is rotated;
The test device also comprises a controller (21), a pressure sensor for detecting the loading force of the telescopic loading mechanism is arranged on the telescopic loading mechanism, and the controller (21) is respectively connected with a driving part of the telescopic loading mechanism, the pressure sensor, the electric push rod (20) and the steering button (127);
The telescopic loading mechanism comprises a hydraulic jack (121) which is fixed on the bottom surface of a supporting plate (123) and stretches along the vertical direction, a vibration exciter supporting plate (125) which stretches and goes up and down along with the hydraulic jack is fixed on the movable part of the lower end of the hydraulic jack (121), a vibration exciter (122) which stretches and goes down along the vertical direction is fixed on the lower surface of the vibration exciter supporting plate (125), and a track pulley (18) matched with the track mechanism (16) is connected to the lower end of the vibration exciter (122);
a similar rock-soil body (19) is paved in the filling space, the upper part of the similar rock-soil body (19) extends out of the filling space, and a track mechanism (16) is paved on the similar rock-soil body of the extending part.
2. The device for testing the dynamic loading model of the high-speed railway foundation of the underlying underground engineering according to claim 1, wherein the track pulley (18) comprises an axle supporting block (184) fixedly connected to the lower end of the vibration exciter, an axle (181) rotatably penetrating through the axle supporting block (184) and wheels (182) fixedly arranged at two ends of the axle.
3. The high-speed railway foundation dynamic loading model test device for the underlying underground engineering according to claim 1, wherein the similar rock-soil body (19) is embedded with a tunnel precast block (11) or a goaf precast block (10) or a combination of the tunnel precast block and the goaf precast block, and a sensor (22) for monitoring dynamic stress, vibration acceleration or soil settlement in the similar rock-soil body under dynamic load is embedded in the similar rock-soil body.
4. The high-speed railway foundation power loading model test device for the underlying underground engineering according to claim 1, wherein the upper end face and the lower end face of the left side beam (3) are respectively provided with a first pulley (31), the upper surface of the base (2) and the lower surface of the top beam (5) are respectively provided with a first pulley track (7) corresponding to the first pulley (31), the first pulley (31) is slidably arranged in the first pulley track to form a front-back sliding structure of the left side beam along the length direction of the base and the top beam, and the base (2) is provided with a second hydraulic jack (6) for driving the left side beam to slide.
5. The high-speed railway foundation dynamic loading model test device for the underlying underground engineering according to claim 4, wherein the left side beam (3) and the right side beam (4) are provided with a force transmission pressing plate (131) which is driven by a third hydraulic jack (13) and is used for applying lateral stress on the side surfaces of the left side beam and the right side beam (4) which are close to each other.
6. A power loading simulation test method for constructing an underground engineering under an existing high-speed railway based on the test device of claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 1: measuring actual working conditions, scaling the high-speed railway roadbed and the geological conditions in equal proportion by adopting a similar principle to obtain the corresponding similar rock-soil body size, and adjusting the position of the left side beam according to the similar rock-soil body size to enable the filling space to be matched with the corresponding similar rock-soil body size obtained by scaling in equal proportion;
step 2: preparing a material of a similar rock-soil body according to a similar principle;
Step 3: laying similar rock-soil bodies in layers in the filling space and burying corresponding sensors (22);
step 4: after the similar rock-soil body of the model is consolidated and stabilized, paving a track mechanism above the similar rock-soil body;
Step 5: spraying water above the similar rock-soil body to simulate natural precipitation;
Step 6: and (3) disassembling the soil limiting plate, excavating a supporting goaf or a subway tunnel at a corresponding position on a similar rock-soil body, enabling the loading mechanism (12) to reciprocate along the track mechanism under the condition of applying dynamic load, simulating actual train operation, and monitoring settlement deformation of an upper track system or dynamic stress and vibration acceleration of the rock body through the sensor.
7. A method of power loading simulation test of an existing underground project under an operating high speed railway based on the test apparatus of claim 2, comprising the steps of:
Step 1: measuring actual working conditions, scaling the high-speed railway roadbed and the geological conditions in equal proportion by adopting a similar principle to obtain the corresponding similar rock-soil body size, and adjusting the position of the left side beam according to the similar rock-soil body size to enable the filling space to be matched with the corresponding similar rock-soil body size obtained by scaling in equal proportion;
Step 2: preparing a material of a similar rock-soil body according to a similar principle; preparing a tunnel precast block (11) or a goaf precast block (10) by using corresponding similar materials, and respectively simulating and replacing a goaf or a subway tunnel of the underlying existing underground engineering;
Step 3: laying similar rock-soil bodies in layers in the filling space, burying corresponding sensors (22), and burying prefabricated tunnel precast blocks (11) or goaf precast blocks (10) at corresponding positions;
step 4: after the similar rock-soil body of the model is consolidated and stabilized, paving a track mechanism above the similar rock-soil body;
Step 5: spraying water above the similar rock-soil body to simulate natural precipitation;
step 6: the loading mechanism (12) reciprocates along the rail mechanism under the condition of applying dynamic load, simulates actual train operation, and monitors settlement deformation of the upper rail system or dynamic stress and vibration acceleration of the rock mass through the sensor.
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