CN111636894B - Open cut tunnel structure of high and steep slope tunnel portal and method for preventing avalanche falling of rocks - Google Patents
Open cut tunnel structure of high and steep slope tunnel portal and method for preventing avalanche falling of rocks Download PDFInfo
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- CN111636894B CN111636894B CN202010480801.8A CN202010480801A CN111636894B CN 111636894 B CN111636894 B CN 111636894B CN 202010480801 A CN202010480801 A CN 202010480801A CN 111636894 B CN111636894 B CN 111636894B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
Abstract
The invention provides a free-cut tunnel structure of a high and steep slope tunnel portal, which relates to the technical field of high and steep slope tunnel portal protection and comprises an arched tunnel portal, a blocking part and a protection part, wherein the protection part is covered and arranged on the outer side of the arched tunnel portal, the blocking part is fixedly arranged at the front end of the protection part, the protection part comprises a side protection part, an arc top protection part and a separated tunnel top, a convex part is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the side protection part, the separated tunnel top is arranged on the top of the arc top protection part, and the method for preventing the high and steep slope tunnel portal from avalanche rock fall is also provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high and steep slope tunnel portal protection, in particular to a free-cut tunnel structure of a high and steep slope tunnel portal and a method for preventing avalanche falling rocks.
Background
With the continuous promotion of western development strategy plans, the transportation industry in western regions is developed vigorously. In the west areas of China, mountainous and hilly areas are severe, mountainous areas are densely distributed, rock rolling disasters are frequently happened in recent years, while large-scale engineering projects such as ten thousand railways, shang-xi express highways, west-east China are suitable for being carried out, human engineering activities induce rock rolling disasters, and the rock rolling disasters happen frequently, the influence of rock rolling during the '5.12' earthquake on traffic congestion is many times, and five rock rolling disasters are at tunnel portals in the disease treatment stage of 2003-2005 adult Kun railways. In recent years, the scale of the high-speed railway in China is rapidly developed, the mileage of the high-speed railway breaks through 3 kilometers in the end of 2019, and the total mileage and the scale of the high-speed railway are the first in the world. Every year, millions of high-speed railway builders struggle at the first line of the country, overcome the hard environment, contribute sweat to the high-speed railway construction of the country in the great mountains, and increasingly construct tunnel portals of the high-speed railway. In the actual tunnel portal construction, mountain bodies with various geological conditions need to adopt corresponding protection schemes in a targeted manner.
The problem that the operation of a train is endangered by rockfall in summer and winter in spring and autumn and avalanche collapse under the condition that a factory breaks a high and steep slope at the inlet end of a railway tunnel in northern areas and southwest areas with large snowfall amount, and railway traffic is blocked or railway traffic accidents occur in a field. What this application is directed to is the massif tunnel face on high steep slope, in actual protection, has a large amount of rockfall, still has snow even in some areas, in this part technical field, among the prior art, tertiary safeguard procedures is taken to most high steep slope, has solved and has rolled down the safety risk that the rockfall or concentrate the landing rockfill on the mountain from time to time. However, because the tunnel position has a high altitude, the accumulated snow is not changed for a long time in winter, and gradually accumulates on the surface of the slope protection measure, and after a certain amount and volume are accumulated, avalanche can occur without sign, so that the tunnel portal is buried, railway traffic is blocked, even railway traffic accidents are caused, the damage is large, the consequences are serious, and great potential safety hazards exist during railway operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a clear tunnel structure of a high and steep slope tunnel portal, which can provide a solution for the defects of the prior art and has the characteristics of good tunnel portal protection effect, uncomplicated design principle and low cost.
The invention also aims to provide a method for preventing avalanche falling rocks at a tunnel portal with a high and steep slope, which has the characteristics of good protection effect, uncomplicated protection principle and contribution to accelerating the construction period.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
the utility model provides a high steep slope tunnel portal's open cut tunnel structure, includes arch entrance to a cave, blocking part and protection part, the protection part cover set up in the arch entrance to a cave outside, the blocking part fixed set up in the front end of protection part, the protection part includes side protection portion, arc top protection portion and separation tunnel top, the side protection portion bottom outside is provided with the convex part, the top of arc top protection portion is provided with the separation tunnel top.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the protection part is configured as a ridge shape of a fish back, and covers the entire outside of the arched opening, and the combined structure of the protection part and the arched opening is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the blocking portion is configured to be matched with the protection portion in shape, the blocking portion includes a blocking plate, and a chamfered arc plate is disposed at the top of the blocking plate.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of reinforcing ribs are symmetrically disposed on the blocking portion, the front ends of the reinforcing ribs are fixedly connected to the blocking portion, and the lower ends of the reinforcing ribs are fixedly connected to the blocking portion.
In some embodiments of the invention, the number of the reinforcing ribs is 3, 5, 7 or 9.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the separation tunnel top is formed by pouring reinforced concrete, the arc top protection part is formed by backfilling thick clay, and the side protection part is formed by pouring concrete.
A method for preventing avalanche falling rocks at a high and steep slope tunnel portal comprises an open cut tunnel structure of the high and steep slope tunnel portal and further comprises the following steps:
s1, surveying and recording rock masses and mountains above a tunnel portal, determining mountain types and broken stone distribution conditions, arranging a multi-stage fixed protection project above the tunnel portal, and performing primary protection on the falling rocks and the mountain fixation;
s2, a open cut tunnel base body is arranged below the tunnel portal in a pouring and forming mode, and the scale of the open cut tunnel base body is set according to the actual situation of the tunnel portal; meanwhile, an abutment receiving platform close to the opening is built and installed, so that the open cut tunnel base body and the abutment receiving platform are integrally arranged;
s3, connecting the open cut tunnel structure of the high and steep slope tunnel portal with the open cut tunnel base body and the abutment receiving platform in the S2 into a whole to form open cut tunnel combined engineering;
and S4, a discharge groove is formed in the side excavation of the open cut tunnel combined engineering in the S3, the discharge groove is used for enabling snow drift sand formed after falling rocks and avalanche of the mountain to slide down from the mountain above the tunnel portal, the impact force is large, after the part is preliminarily buffered and blocked in the S1, the rest falling rocks and the snow drift sand fall onto the open cut tunnel in a flushing mode, the falling rocks and the snow drift sand are separated through a fish back ridge-shaped protection part of the open cut tunnel, the separated falling rocks and the separated snow drift sand continue to flow into the discharge groove and are guided to be discharged to the lower ends of the two sides of the tunnel portal, and the falling rocks and the snow drift sand are prevented from being accumulated at the upper end and the side end of the open cut tunnel.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the fixing protection engineering includes one or more of a concrete protection frame arranged to fit a mountain, a stepped protection concrete plate, a steel structure fixing frame, and a protection nylon mesh structure.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the open cut tunnel base in S2 is further provided with a protection wall, a direction of the protection wall is adapted to a direction of an outlet of the tunnel portal, the protection wall is disposed at two sides of the tunnel portal, and a distance between the protection wall and the tunnel portal is 1m to 3m.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the outlet of the discharge channel is far away from the support portion below the abutment receiving platform, so as to avoid impact on the support portion.
The embodiment of the invention at least has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the effect is one, and the protection effect is good. According to the open cut tunnel structure of the high and steep slope tunnel portal, the protective part and the blocking part are arranged on the tunnel portal, so that large impact force generated by falling rocks or avalanches on a mountain can be divided to two sides through the protective part of the tunnel portal to be discharged, then the blocking part is arranged in front of the protective part, snow flow sand or snow blocks generated by the falling rocks and the avalanches are blocked by the blocking part, and the phenomenon that the snow flow sand or the snow blocks fall in front of the tunnel portal to bury a train or cause major safety accidents due to impact or block the tunnel portal is avoided; still be provided with the separation tunnel top through the top of protection part, can shunt falling stone and snow flow sand better, avoid piling up. The invention relates to a method for preventing avalanche falling rocks at a tunnel portal with a high and steep slope, which is characterized in that a fixed protection project is arranged on a mountain body to perform first heavy protection, smaller falling rocks and the like can be protected, if larger falling rocks or avalanches occur, a part of the falling rocks or avalanches can be blocked, then the falling rocks or avalanches and an open cut tunnel base body for installing the open cut tunnel and a bridge abutment receiving platform are connected into a whole to form a whole open cut tunnel combined structure for protection, and snow flow sand generated by the falling rocks or the avalanches and the like on the mountain body can be divided to two sides through a protection part of the open cut tunnel portal in the same way, and is guided to enter a discharge groove, so that the weighing pressure of the open cut tunnel caused by accumulation is avoided, the falling rocks and the avalanches are rapidly discharged, the blocking part is also utilized to prevent the falling rocks or the avalanches from rushing to the front of the tunnel portal, and the dual protection is utilized to protect the tunnel portal, so that the protection effect is good, the tunnel construction safety is ensured, and the subsequent operation safety is ensured.
And secondly, the design principle is not complex. According to the arch-shaped opening, the blocking part and the protection part, the protection part is covered and arranged on the outer side of the arch-shaped opening, the blocking part is fixedly arranged at the front end of the protection part, the protection part comprises the side protection part and the arc top protection part, the outer side of the bottom of the side protection part is provided with the convex part, and the top of the arc top protection part is provided with the separated tunnel top, so that the structural design principle is not complex, a person skilled in the art has no great obstruction on understanding the technical scheme, the popularization and the use in the technical field are very facilitated, and the popularization and the use prospect are possessed; in the method for preventing the avalanche falling rocks at the tunnel portal with the high and steep slope, the protection fixing engineering is arranged, the fixing protection engineering is utilized to carry out the first heavy protection, and the smaller falling rocks or snow and the like can be protected, then the open cut tunnel and the mounting structure thereof are provided with the discharge grooves on the side edges, so that the larger falling rocks and the snow and even the avalanche snow flow sand are well separated through the separation tunnel top on the ridge of the open cut tunnel, and the dual protection is carried out on the tunnel portal, the working principle is easy to understand and not very complex, the method is helpful for technical personnel in the field to master the working implementation method, and is convenient to popularize.
And thirdly, the effect is low, the cost is low, and the construction period is shortened. The open cut tunnel structure of the high and steep slope tunnel portal is uncomplicated in structure, reasonable in design, good in protection effect and the like, does not use excessively complicated structures such as an electrical structure and more mechanical structures, and is high in production efficiency and low in cost by concrete pouring and thick clay backfilling in the specific production and installation process, so that the construction period can be shortened, and the enterprise cost can be reduced; similarly, the method for preventing the avalanche falling rocks at the high and steep slope tunnel portal is provided with the protection project, the open cut tunnel is directly applied, the open cut tunnel base body, the abutment receiving platform and the discharge groove are arranged in a matched manner, the cost is not increased in the specific construction process, the design is not very complicated, the construction is simple and convenient, and the protection work of the tunnel portal can be realized, so that the whole construction period is accelerated, and the cost is saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 1-an arch opening, 2-a blocking part, 3-a side protection part, 4-an arc top protection part, 5-a convex part, 6-a separation tunnel top, 7-a blocking plate, 8-a chamfer arc plate and 9-a reinforcing rib.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined or explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are usually placed in when used, the orientations or positional relationships are only used for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but the terms do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have specific orientations, be constructed in specific orientations, and operate, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhang" and the like do not require that the components be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality" represents at least 2.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be further noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Examples
The specific implementation of this embodiment is that a tunnel with a total length of 8601m is a double-track railway tunnel, the entrance end is located at the lower part of a hillside with a height of about 140m, the hill shape is steep, the slope is 70-90 degrees, extremely thin humus soil is coated among the hillside tunnels, a plurality of miscellaneous trees grow, but weathered sandstone cracks grow very well, large and small stones roll off frequently, and the roll marks are fresh in four seasons. The hole is located at the middle lower position of the high and steep side slope, and is about 130m away from the top of the side slope and about 40m away from the ground of the slope toe.
And the high and steep slope adopts multi-stage protection measures, so that the safety risk that large rocks roll down or rock piles slide down concentratedly on the mountain is solved. However, as the tunnel position is higher in altitude, the accumulated snow is not changed for a long time in winter, and is gradually accumulated on the surface of a slope protection measure, and after a certain amount and volume are accumulated, avalanche can be generated without signs, so that the tunnel portal is buried, railway traffic is blocked, even railway traffic accidents are caused, the damage is large, the consequences are serious, and great potential safety hazards exist during railway operation.
Referring to fig. 1-3, embodiments of the present invention are specifically shown in fig. 1-3.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the open cut tunnel structure of the high and steep slope tunnel portal comprises an arched portal 1, a blocking part 2 and a protection part, wherein the protection part is arranged outside the arched portal 1 in a covering manner to cover and protect the whole arched portal 1, and when falling rocks, debris flow, avalanche and the like pass through the protection part, the impact and burying on the tunnel portal are reduced and even avoided, so that potential safety hazards are caused; the blocking part 2 is fixedly arranged at the front end of the protecting part, the blocking part 2 can be used for blocking falling rocks, debris flow, avalanche and the like, snow flow sand is blocked, only two sides of the falling rocks are separated through the protecting part to be discharged, the protecting part comprises a side protecting part 3, an arc top protecting part 4 and a separated tunnel top 6, the side protecting part 3 is used for guiding and discharging the falling rocks, the snow flow sand and the like, the impact on the arched hole 1, namely the tunnel entrance, is avoided in the discharging process, and better side protection is realized; the convex parts 5 are arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the side protection part 3, and when pouring and forming are carried out, a wider protection base can be formed at the bottom by arranging the convex parts 5, so that on one hand, the overall stability is improved, the whole protection part is in a structural shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom, the bearing force impact strength is improved, on the other hand, the fixed connection area with the blocking part 2 can be increased, the connection stability between the side protection part and the blocking part is improved, and the connection strength is improved by arranging the reinforcing connecting piece at the bottom end of the blocking part 2; the separation tunnel top 6 is arranged at the top of the arc top protection part 4, falling rocks or snow drift sand can be well and rapidly separated by arranging the separation tunnel top 6, then shunting and discharging are rapidly carried out along the side protection part 3 of the protection part, accumulation at the top of the open cut tunnel is avoided, and potential safety hazards are avoided.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the arched opening 1 is 10m long, 6m exposed and 0.8m thick, and is made of C35 reinforced concrete, so that the pouring strength is good, the construction difficulty is not high, and the cost is saved.
In this embodiment, the protection part is set to be in the shape of a ridge of a back of a fish, that is, the separation tunnel top 6 of the protection part is set to be in the shape of a ridge of a back of a fish, so that falling rocks or snow flow sand can be rapidly separated, then the falling rocks or snow flow sand can be rapidly distributed along the side protection parts 3 of the protection part to be discharged to two sides and to be discharged to the bottom of a mountain, accumulation and pressure accumulation at the top of the open cut tunnel can be prevented, the outer side of the whole arch-shaped opening 1 is wrapped and covered, and the protection part is set in such a way that the arch-shaped opening 1 is comprehensively protected, so that the direct impact on the arch-shaped opening 1 is avoided, the combined structure of the protection part and the arch-shaped opening 1 is in a narrow-top-down wide shape, and the stability and the impact resistance of the whole open cut tunnel structure are improved. It should be noted that, the separation tunnel top 6 of the protection portion is configured as a spine-like shape, but only one form of the protection portion is provided, and the arrangement of the protection portion is not limited, and in other embodiments, the separation tunnel top 6 may also be a separation tunnel top 6 with another shape, such as a separation tunnel top 6 with a convex arc shape, and all forms of the separation tunnel top 6 are shown as long as the separation function of the present invention can be achieved.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the blocking portion 2 is configured to match with the shape of the protection portion, the blocking portion 2 includes a blocking plate 7, the blocking plate 7 is vertically and fixedly disposed on the edge of the protection portion, so as to form a blocking structure for blocking falling rocks and snow drift sand, and prevent the falling rocks and snow drift sand from rushing down to the tunnel portal, and a chamfering arc plate 8 is disposed at the top of the blocking plate 7, so as to form a chamfering structure, thereby improving the blocking effect of the blocking portion 2, when the falling rocks and snow drift sand impact the protection portion, the blocking plate 7 blocks (or a part of the falling rocks or snow drift sand may fly out of the blocking plate 7 due to inertia or high impact speed and enter the tunnel portal, and if the falling rocks or snow drift sand travels at high speed, the falling rocks or snow drift sand with high impact and high impact speed are blocked by the chamfering arc plate 8, so as to avoid the falling rocks or snow drift sand from the tunnel portal, thereby improving the blocking effect, and improving the safety protection performance of the present invention.
It should be noted and emphasized that, the blocking portion 2 of the present embodiment is provided with only one layer, and according to different practical applications, in other embodiments, the blocking portion 2 may also be provided with multiple layers, so as to improve the blocking effect, and ensure that the snow drift sand caused by falling rocks and avalanches on mountains in a specific location can be substantially completely blocked, where the blocking portion 2 is provided with one layer, which is not a limitation to the number of layers provided. In the embodiment, the blocking part 2 of the open cut tunnel is made of C35 reinforced concrete, the height is set to be 2.25m, the thickness is set to be 1.5m, the height of the blocking plate 7 is set to be 0.6m, and the height of the chamfer angle arc plate 8 is set to be 0.9m.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a plurality of reinforcing ribs 9 are symmetrically disposed on the blocking portion 2, the front ends of the reinforcing ribs 9 are fixedly connected to the blocking portion 2, and the lower ends of the reinforcing ribs 9 are fixedly connected to the blocking portion 2. By arranging the reinforcing ribs 9, the connection strength and the connection stability of the blocking part 2 and the protection part are improved, the impact resistance and the durability of the blocking part 2 are improved, the service life of the novel protective device is prolonged, and the maintenance cost of enterprises is reduced.
In some embodiments of the present invention, it is suitable that the number of the reinforcing ribs 9 used for enhancing the connection strength is 3, 5, 7, or 9, and in this embodiment, 3 reinforcing ribs 9 are used, and in other embodiments, other numbers are also possible, depending on the actual situation.
In the production and casting process of the invention, the condition of each tunnel portal is different and is the best mode according to local conditions; therefore, most of the invention carries out pouring and production in the place where the project is located, and various parameters are determined through observation, data acquisition and analysis in the early stage; the parameters comprise the total length of the open cut tunnel, the exposed length, the thickness of the open cut tunnel, the thickness of the side protection part 3 of the protection part, the thickness of the arc top protection part 4, the thickness of the separation tunnel top 6, the height and the thickness of the blocking part 2 and the like, and also comprise the determination of a pouring process, materials and the like; and then, building a mold according to the actual condition, finally pouring and forming, and removing the template after the pouring and forming are finished.
In the embodiment, the construction cost, the implementation difficulty, the construction period delay and other factors are comprehensively considered, the separation tunnel roof 6 is formed by pouring reinforced concrete, the arc top protection part 4 is formed by backfilling thick clay, other plain soil backfilling modes can be adopted, the limitation on the arc top protection part 4 is avoided, and the side protection part 3 is formed by pouring concrete.
A method for preventing avalanche falling rocks at a high and steep slope tunnel portal comprises an open cut tunnel structure of the high and steep slope tunnel portal and further comprises the following steps:
s1, surveying and recording rock masses and mountain masses above a tunnel portal, determining mountain mass types and broken stone distribution conditions, arranging a multi-stage fixed protection project above the tunnel portal, and performing primary protection on the fixing of falling rocks and mountain masses; during tunnel excavation, the mountain body is required to be cleaned and observed to determine the geological type of the mountain body, and then a corresponding fixed protection project is set, wherein the fixed protection project can be one or more of a concrete protection frame, a step-shaped protection concrete plate, a steel structure fixing frame and a protection nylon net structure which are arranged by being attached to the mountain body and is mainly determined according to the actual situation; if the mountain body that needs the protection vegetation, it is more suitable to select steel construction mount and protection nylon wire net structure, if the mountain body broken rock is more, and the vegetation is less, then select the laminating mountain body to set up concrete protection frame, echelonment protection concrete slab all can. Of course, there are many other ways to secure the protection project, and this is not necessarily illustrated here.
S2, a open cut tunnel base body is arranged below the tunnel portal in a pouring and forming mode, and the scale of the open cut tunnel base body is set according to the actual situation of the tunnel portal; meanwhile, an abutment receiving platform close to the opening is built and installed, so that the open cut tunnel base body and the abutment receiving platform are integrally arranged; the method is all preparation work before the open cut tunnel, and the installation machine body and the abutment receiving platform required by the open cut tunnel are constructed and built.
S3, connecting the open cut tunnel structure of the high and steep slope tunnel portal with the open cut tunnel base body and the abutment receiving platform in the step S2 into a whole to form open cut tunnel combined engineering; and (4) finishing the installation and construction of the open cut tunnel, the open cut tunnel base body and the abutment bearing platform, and finishing the whole open cut tunnel combined engineering main body.
And S4, a discharge groove is formed in the side excavation of the S3 open cut tunnel combined project and used for enabling the falling rocks and the snow drift sand formed after the falling rocks and the snow drift are subjected to avalanche to slide off the mountain above the tunnel portal, the impact force is large, after the preliminary buffering and blocking part 2 in the S1 is performed, the residual falling rocks and the snow drift sand are flushed and fall on the open cut tunnel, the falling rocks and the snow drift sand are separated through the fish back ridge-shaped protection part of the open cut tunnel, the separated falling rocks and the separated snow drift sand continue to flow into the discharge groove and are guided and discharged to the lower ends of the two sides of the tunnel portal, and the falling rocks and the snow drift sand are prevented from being accumulated at the upper end and the side end of the open cut tunnel. The outlet at the lower end of the discharge groove is far away from the supporting part at the lower part of the abutment bearing table, so that the situation that when falling rocks or avalanche occurs, the supporting part is impacted by a large amount of discharged broken stones and accumulated snow is avoided, and further greater potential safety hazards are caused.
Through the implementation of the steps S1-S4, two protection measures can be basically established at the tunnel portal, the first protection measure is a fixed protection project in the early stage, the mountain is fixed and protected, and the second protection measure is a second protection measure through the open cut tunnel, so that the second protection measure is realized at the tunnel portal, broken stones of falling rocks and snow drift sand of avalanche and the like are prevented from falling to the tunnel portal, the tunnel portal is buried, or the tunnel portal is blocked, and potential safety hazards are caused to trains in later operation.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the open cut tunnel base in S2 is further provided with a protection wall, a direction of the protection wall is adapted to a direction of an outlet of the tunnel portal, the protection wall is disposed at two sides of the tunnel portal, and a distance between the protection wall and the tunnel portal is 1m to 3m. The purpose of arranging the protective wall is to prevent broken stones or accumulated snow from jumping and falling in front of the tunnel opening from the side surface and causing potential safety hazards in the process of discharging the broken stones or the accumulated snow into the discharge groove after being separated by the open cut tunnel if the broken stones or the accumulated snow are large in amount; or the broken stones do not fall above the open cut tunnel, but the broken stones or avalanches falling from other side surfaces of the mountain body can directly impact the tunnel opening from the side surfaces without passing through the open cut tunnel, so that the purpose of arranging the protective wall is to avoid the situation; the protective walls can be parallel to the tunnel portal direction and can also be radially distributed along the tunnel portal direction, and the setting length of the protective walls is determined according to the actual situation and the mountain size of the tunnel portal and the geological situation.
According to the open cut tunnel structure of the high and steep slope tunnel portal, the protective part and the blocking part are arranged on the tunnel portal, so that large impact force generated by falling rocks or avalanches on a mountain body can be divided to two sides through the protective part of the tunnel portal to be discharged, then the blocking part is arranged in front of the protective part, snow flow sand or snow blocks generated by the falling rocks and the avalanches are blocked by the blocking part, and the phenomenon that the snow flow sand or the snow blocks fall in front of the tunnel portal to bury a train or cause major safety accidents due to impact or block the tunnel portal is avoided; still be provided with the separation tunnel top through the top of protection portion, can shunt falling stone and snow flow sand better, avoid piling up. The invention relates to a method for preventing avalanche from falling rocks at a tunnel portal with a steep slope, which is characterized in that a fixed protection project is arranged on a mountain body to carry out first protection, smaller falling rocks and the like can be protected, if larger falling rocks or avalanches appear, a part of the falling rocks or avalanches can be blocked, the falling rocks or avalanches are connected into a whole through a clear cut tunnel base body and a bridge abutment receiving platform which are provided with the clear cut tunnel and used for mounting the clear cut tunnel to form a whole clear cut tunnel combined structure for protection, snow flow sand generated by falling rocks or avalanches on the mountain body can be divided to two sides through a protection part of the open cut tunnel portal in the same way, and is guided to enter a discharge groove, so that the weighing pressure of the clear cut tunnel caused by accumulation is avoided, the falling rocks and the avalanches are rapidly discharged, the blocking part is also used for preventing the falling rocks or the avalanches from the front of the tunnel portal, double protection is used for protecting the tunnel portal, thereby having good protection effect, ensuring the safety of tunnel construction and subsequent operation safety. According to the arch-shaped opening, the blocking part and the protecting part, the protecting part is covered and arranged on the outer side of the arch-shaped opening, the blocking part is fixedly arranged at the front end of the protecting part, the protecting part comprises the side protecting part and the arc top protecting part, the outer side of the bottom of the side protecting part is provided with the convex part, and the top of the arc top protecting part is provided with the separated tunnel top, so that the structural design principle is not complex, technical personnel in the field do not have great obstruction on understanding the technical scheme, the popularization and the use in the technical field are very facilitated, and the popularization and the use prospect are possessed; in the method for preventing the avalanche falling rocks at the tunnel portal with the high and steep slope, the protection fixing engineering is arranged, the fixing protection engineering is utilized to carry out the first heavy protection, and the smaller falling rocks or snow and the like can be protected, then the open cut tunnel and the mounting structure thereof are provided with the discharge grooves on the side edges, so that the larger falling rocks and the snow and even the avalanche snow flow sand are well separated through the separation tunnel top on the ridge of the open cut tunnel, and the dual protection is carried out on the tunnel portal, the working principle is easy to understand and not very complex, the method is helpful for technical personnel in the field to master the working implementation method, and is convenient to popularize. The open cut tunnel structure of the high and steep slope tunnel portal is uncomplicated in structure, reasonable in design, free of excessively complicated structures such as an electrical structure and more mechanical structures, good in protection effect and the like, and is high in production efficiency and low in cost through concrete pouring and thick clay backfilling in the specific production and installation process, so that the construction period can be shortened, and the enterprise cost can be reduced; similarly, the method for preventing the avalanche falling rocks at the high and steep slope tunnel portal is provided with the protection project, the open cut tunnel is directly applied, the open cut tunnel base body, the abutment receiving platform and the discharge groove are arranged in a matched manner, the cost is not increased in the specific construction process, the design is not very complicated, the construction is simple and convenient, and the protection work of the tunnel portal can be realized, so that the whole construction period is accelerated, and the cost is saved.
The advantages of the invention are simply summarized as follows:
the method has the advantages that through technical innovation, the structure of the open cut tunnel is optimized by directly utilizing the original design open cut tunnel, other complex engineering protection measures are omitted, the construction cost is greatly reduced, and the construction cost is saved while the protection effect is ensured.
The hidden danger of broken stones and avalanche is greatly reduced and eliminated, the normal construction safety of the tunnel in the construction stage is ensured, and the firm guarantee is provided for the railway operation safety in future.
The optimized open cut tunnel has a simple structure, so that the technical personnel in the field do not have difficulty in understanding, the construction is simple and convenient, the popularization and the use in the field are facilitated, the construction period is saved, the construction period delayed in the early stage is greatly compensated, and the construction period is accelerated.
In summary, embodiments of the present invention provide an open cut tunnel structure of a tunnel portal with a high and steep slope, which can provide a solution for the defects in the prior art, and has the characteristics of good tunnel portal protection effect, uncomplicated design principle, and low cost. The invention also aims to provide a method for preventing avalanche falling rocks at the tunnel portal with the high and steep slope, which has the characteristics of good protection effect, uncomplicated protection principle and contribution to accelerating the construction period and is very suitable for popularization and application in the technical field of protection of the tunnel portal with the high and steep slope.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a cut-open tunnel structure of high steep slope tunnel portal, a serial communication port, including arch portal, blocking part and protection part, protection part cover set up in the arch portal outside, blocking part fixed set up in the front end of protection part, protection part includes side protection part, arc top protection part and separation tunnel top, the side protection part bottom outside is provided with the convex part, the top of arc top protection part is provided with the separation tunnel top, protection part sets up to the back of the fish ridge form, covers the setting with whole arch portal outside parcel, protection part with the integrated configuration of arch portal is under the upper narrow width form, blocking part with the shape cooperation setting of protection part, blocking part includes the barrier plate, the top of barrier plate is provided with the chamfer arc board.
2. The open cut tunnel structure of a high steep slope tunnel portal according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of reinforcing ribs are symmetrically arranged on the blocking portion, the front ends of the reinforcing ribs are fixedly connected with the blocking portion, and the lower ends of the reinforcing ribs are fixedly connected with the blocking portion.
3. Open-cut tunnel structure of a high steep-slope tunnel portal according to claim 2, characterized in that the number of reinforcing ribs is 3, 5, 7 or 9.
4. The open cut tunnel structure of a high and steep slope tunnel portal according to claim 3, wherein said separation tunnel roof is formed by pouring reinforced concrete, said arc roof protection part is formed by backfilling thick clay, and said side protection part is formed by pouring concrete.
5. A method for preventing avalanche falling of rocks at a high and steep slope tunnel portal, comprising the open-cut tunnel structure of the high and steep slope tunnel portal according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising the steps of:
s1, surveying and recording rock masses and mountain masses above a tunnel portal, determining mountain mass types and broken stone distribution conditions, arranging a multi-stage fixed protection project above the tunnel portal, and performing primary protection on the fixing of falling rocks and mountain masses;
s2, a open cut tunnel base body is arranged below the tunnel portal in a pouring and forming mode, and the scale of the open cut tunnel base body is set according to the actual situation of the tunnel portal; meanwhile, an abutment receiving platform close to the opening is built and installed, so that the open cut tunnel base body and the abutment receiving platform are integrally arranged;
s3, connecting the open cut tunnel structure of the high and steep slope tunnel portal according to the claims 1-4 with the open cut tunnel base body and the abutment receiving platform in the S2 into a whole to form open cut tunnel combined engineering;
and S4, a discharge groove is formed in the side excavation of the S3 open cut tunnel combined project and used for enabling the falling rocks and the snow drift sand formed after the falling rocks and the snow drift are subjected to avalanche to slide off the mountain above the tunnel portal, the impact force is large, after the part is preliminarily buffered and blocked in the S1, the rest falling rocks and the snow drift sand are flushed and fall on the open cut tunnel, the falling rocks and the snow drift sand are separated through a fish back ridge-shaped protection part of the open cut tunnel, the separated falling rocks and the separated snow drift sand continue to flow into the discharge groove and are guided to be discharged to the lower ends of the two sides of the tunnel portal, and the falling rocks and the snow drift sand are prevented from being accumulated at the upper end and the side end of the open cut tunnel.
6. The method for preventing the avalanche falling rock of the high and steep slope tunnel portal according to claim 5, wherein the fixing protection project comprises one or more of arranging a concrete protection frame, a step-shaped protection concrete plate, a steel structure fixing frame and a protection nylon net structure to fit with a mountain body.
7. The method for preventing avalanche falling rocks at a high and steep slope tunnel portal according to claim 5, characterized in that a protective wall is further arranged on the open cut tunnel base body in S2, the direction of the protective wall is adapted to the exit direction of the tunnel portal, the protective wall is arranged at two sides of the tunnel portal, and the distance between the protective wall and the tunnel portal is 1m-3m.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the exit of the drainage channel is far from the support below the abutment receiving platform to avoid impact on the support.
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| CN115198670A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-18 | 华北水利水电大学 | High-speed railway tunnel portal protective structure and device for preventing debris flow disasters |
| CN115030761B (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-10-21 | 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院 | Tunnel portal supporting equipment for preventing impact of earthquake landslide and rockfall and using method |
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| RU1822460C (en) * | 1990-12-25 | 1993-06-15 | Карагандинский научно-исследовательский проектно-конструкторский и экспериментальный институт "Гипроуглегормаш" | Arrangement for fencing horizontal space for mining machines |
| CN205711793U (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-23 | 新疆铁道勘察设计院有限公司 | Herringbone form drag avenges structure |
| CN207453995U (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2018-06-05 | 四川睿铁科技有限责任公司 | A kind of assembled tunnel support frame |
| CN207598248U (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-07-10 | 中铁二院成都勘察设计研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of Mountainous high speed railway tunnel protects bridge open-cut tunnel structure |
| CN109681228B (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-04-03 | 西南交通大学 | Three-dimensional protection design method for rockfall disasters at tunnel portal |
| CN209669718U (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-11-22 | 中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司 | A kind of existing hangar tunnel combination stone cut off wall structure of rockfall protection |
| CN110205951B (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2021-05-28 | 重庆交通大学 | Energy-consuming shed tunnel for protecting mountainside highway in mountainous area |
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