CN111636223B - Low-temperature salt-free dyeing method of environment-friendly reactive dye for cotton fabric - Google Patents

Low-temperature salt-free dyeing method of environment-friendly reactive dye for cotton fabric Download PDF

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CN111636223B
CN111636223B CN201911273531.7A CN201911273531A CN111636223B CN 111636223 B CN111636223 B CN 111636223B CN 201911273531 A CN201911273531 A CN 201911273531A CN 111636223 B CN111636223 B CN 111636223B
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cotton fabric
cationic polymer
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CN111636223A (en
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方龙
牛天杰
张晓东
王雪梅
孙德帅
杜辉
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Qingdao University
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/58—Material containing hydroxyl groups
    • D06P3/60—Natural or regenerated cellulose
    • D06P3/66—Natural or regenerated cellulose using reactive dyes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F226/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
    • C08F226/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a single or double bond to nitrogen
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/38—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using reactive dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/445—Use of auxiliary substances before, during or after dyeing or printing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
    • D06P1/5207—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06P1/5214—Polymers of unsaturated compounds containing no COOH groups or functional derivatives thereof
    • D06P1/5242—Polymers of unsaturated N-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/308—Dyes; Colorants; Fluorescent agents

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to an environment-friendly low-temperature salt-free dyeing method of a reactive dye for cotton fabrics, which comprises the steps of synthesis of a cationic polymer, modification treatment of the cotton fabrics, dyeing, flocculation of dye wastewater and the like. Dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and allyl glycidyl ether are used for synthesizing a cationic polymer under the condition that potassium persulfate is used as an initiator, and the cotton fabric is immersed into a cationic polymer aqueous solution with a certain concentration for modification treatment. The modified cotton fabric can be dyed by reactive dyes under the conditions of low temperature and no salt, the dye uptake and the fixation rate of the dyes are improved, and the level dyeing property is good. The washing liquid of the modified cotton fabric is mixed with the dyeing residual liquid and the soaping liquid, and a small amount of cationic polymer in the solution is utilized to flocculate residual dye in the dyeing wastewater, so that the discharge of the printing and dyeing wastewater is greatly reduced, and the practical production and the environmental protection are facilitated.

Description

Low-temperature salt-free dyeing method of environment-friendly reactive dye for cotton fabric
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of salt-free dyeing of cotton fabrics by using reactive dyes.
Background
The reactive dye can form a covalent bond with cotton fibers in the dyeing process, has excellent dyeing fastness, bright color, complete color spectrum, low cost and very wide application, and becomes the most important dye for dyeing cotton fiber textiles. The reactive dye comprises three parts of a reactive group, a hydrophilic group and a dye parent, wherein the hydrophilic group generally consists of sodium sulfonate, hydroxyl, amino and the like, and the sulfonate group has great contribution to the hydrophilicity of the dye. The presence of sulfonic acid groups helps the reactive dye to dissolve in water, so that the dyeing process can be carried out in an aqueous solution; however, the dye matrix is charged with negative charges due to the dissociation of the sodium sulfonate, so that the binding capacity to fiber negative ions is reduced, the dye matrix is easy to hydrate to form hydrates and gather into a micelle structure, the effective concentration of the dye negative ions is reduced, and the dye uptake and the fixation rate of the reactive dye dyed cotton fiber are low. In order to solve the problem, a large amount of inorganic salt is usually added in the dyeing process to promote dyeing, but the waste water with high salt content generated in the dyeing process is difficult to treat and has great harm to the environment, and how to realize low-salt even salt-free dyeing of reactive dyes is a problem to be solved urgently.
At present, the approaches for improving the utilization rate of reactive dyes and reducing the use of inorganic salts in the dyeing process mainly comprise:
(1) development of novel reactive dyes: the double-active-group reactive dye and the multifunctional reactive dye have two or more active groups in the molecule, and can effectively improve the utilization rate of the reactive dye from 50-60% to 70-80%; the cationic reactive dye can eliminate the requirement on electrolyte in the dyeing process, improve the affinity of the dye to fibers and realize salt-free dyeing.
(2) Optimizing the dyeing process: reducing the dye liquor volume increases the concentration of dye and inorganic salts in the dye liquor, thus reducing the bath ratio is a viable method for increasing the dye utilization and reducing the use of inorganic salts; the pad dyeing technology, especially the cold-pad-bulk dyeing technology, not only reduces the use of dye and inorganic salt, but also reduces the energy consumption, and has high economy. In addition, the fixation polymerization technology, micelle dyeing technology and other novel dyeing processes have also been reported.
(3) Biodegradable organic compounds were used instead of inorganic salts: the mixed system of magnesium-based organic compounds is used for replacing inorganic salt in the dyeing process of the reactive dye cotton fabric, so that the discharge of salt-containing dye wastewater can be effectively prevented; the organic cationic surfactant and the sodium salt of the organic acid can also be used as substitutes of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, so that the use of inorganic salt is avoided, and the utilization rate of the reactive dye is improved.
(4) Carrying out chemical modification on cotton fibers: the cotton fiber is pretreated by the group containing the cation before dyeing, so that positive charge can be introduced to the surface of the fiber, and the affinity of the fiber to the reactive dye is enhanced. The method can avoid the use of inorganic salt, and greatly improve the dyeing efficiency and the utilization rate of the reactive dye. Cationic agents used for cotton fiber modification can generally be divided into two categories: the first type is a micromolecular cationic reagent, such as 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and the like, and the cationic reagent can well enter the interior of the fiber due to small molecular weight, is relatively uniform in modification, but has a large using amount and a certain problem of environmental pollution; the other is a high-molecular cationic polymer, which has a large molecular weight and a high cationic degree, so the dosage is small, but the modification is limited on the fiber surface, which easily causes non-uniform modification, thereby affecting the dyeing effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention synthesizes a bifunctional cationic polymer: the copolymer of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and allyl glycidyl ether can be used for chemically modifying cotton fibers and post-treating dyeing wastewater. Cationic polymers with moderate cationic degree and small molecular weight are prepared by controlling synthesis conditions, cotton fabrics can be uniformly modified under mild conditions, and the modified cotton fabrics can be dyed by reactive dyes under low-temperature and salt-free conditions, so that the total utilization rate of the dyes is greatly improved, and a good level dyeing effect can be obtained; in addition, a small amount of cationic polymer in the modified cotton cloth washing liquid can also carry out post-treatment on dyeing wastewater and soaping wastewater, so that secondary pollution is avoided, and green production is realized.
The technical scheme for implementing the invention comprises three parts,
the first part is the synthesis of cationic polymer, and the reaction principle is shown in the attached figure 1: weighing dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and allyl glycidyl ether according to the mass ratio of 7.5:1, adding the dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and the allyl glycidyl ether into a three-neck flask, adding potassium persulfate accounting for 1% of the total amount of monomers as an initiator, stirring at the constant temperature of 70-90 ℃ for reaction for 4 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, adding acetone to separate out a product, and performing vacuum drying at the temperature of 50 ℃.
The second part is cotton fiber modification treatment: preparing the synthesized cationic polymer into an aqueous solution with a certain concentration, adjusting the pH value of the aqueous solution by using a sodium hydroxide solution, immersing the cotton fabric into the aqueous solution, keeping the temperature at 25 ℃, slowly stirring for reacting for 6 hours, washing to be neutral, and airing.
The third part is dyeing: reactive dye is adopted for dip dyeing at 25 ℃ under the salt-free condition, and sodium carbonate is added at 35 ℃ for fixation.
The modified cotton fabric has strong reactivity with the reactive dye, and the total utilization rate of the dye can be greatly improved under the salt-free condition. By controlling the synthesis conditions of the cationic polymer, the cationic polymer with moderate cationic degree and small molecular weight is obtained, and the cotton fabric is modified and dyed under the low-temperature condition, so that a good level dyeing effect can be obtained.
The synthesis and modification processes involved in the invention can be well adapted to the existing equipment of printing and dyeing factories, the operation is simple, and the existing printing and dyeing processes are not basically increased; the synthesized cationic polymer is used for modifying cotton fabrics, and greatly improves the utilization rate of the dye on the premise of ensuring level-dyeing property; a small amount of cations in the washing liquid of the modified cotton fabric can also flocculate residual dyes in dye wastewater, and the modified cotton fabric is economical, environment-friendly and high in practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the synthesis principle of a copolymer of cationic polymer-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and allyl glycidyl ether in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Synthesis process of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and allyl glycidyl ether copolymer
Weighing dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and allyl glycidyl ether according to the mass ratio of 7.5:1, adding the dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and the allyl glycidyl ether into a three-neck flask, adding potassium persulfate accounting for 1 percent (mass percentage, the same below) of the total amount of monomers as an initiator, heating to 90 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for reaction for 4 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, adding acetone to precipitate a product, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃.
(2) Cotton fabric modification process
Preparing the synthesized cationic polymer into a cationic polymer water solution with the concentration of 0.7g/L by using deionized water, adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value to be 13, immersing the cotton fabric into the solution at the bath ratio of 1:100, keeping the temperature at 25 ℃, slowly stirring for 6 hours, taking out and washing the cotton fabric to be neutral.
(3) Dyeing process of modified cotton fabric
The active black KN-B is used in an amount of 3 percent (mass percentage, the weight of the active black KN-B is higher than that of cotton fiber), the bath ratio is 1:30, the dip dyeing is carried out for 0.5h at the temperature of 25 ℃, the temperature is slowly increased to 35 ℃, 15g/L of sodium carbonate is added, the color fixation is carried out for 4h, the active black KN-B is washed by water, 1g/L of soap flake water solution is used for soaping for 10min at the temperature of 95 ℃, and the active black KN-B is dried after being washed by water.
(4) Dyeing process for unmodified cotton fabric
The active black KN-B is used in an amount of 3 percent (mass percentage, the weight of the active black KN-B is higher than that of cotton fibers), the bath ratio is 1:30, the amount of sodium chloride is 60g/L, the dyeing is carried out for 0.5h at the temperature of 25 ℃, the temperature is slowly raised to 60 ℃, 15g/L sodium carbonate is added, the color is fixed for 4h, the active black KN-B is washed by water, 1g/L soap piece water solution is used for soaping for 10min at the temperature of 95 ℃, and the active black KN-B is dried after being washed by water.
(5) Dye wastewater and soap wash liquor post-treatment
Fully washing the modified cotton fabric with water, mixing the water washing liquid with the dyeing wastewater and the soaping liquid to ensure that the concentration of the cationic polymer in the mixed solution is about 50mg/L, stirring, standing and settling. Through flocculating and settling dye wastewater and soap lotion, the flocculation decolorization rate reaches 90.25 percent. The dyeing wastewater and the soap washing liquor are purified.
Tests show that the salt-free dyeing dye utilization rate of the cotton fabric processed by the technical scheme of the embodiment is higher than that of the salt dyeing result of the unmodified cotton fabric, and the level dyeing property is good.
Example 2
(1) Synthesis process of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and allyl glycidyl ether copolymer
Weighing dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and allyl glycidyl ether according to the mass ratio of 7.5:1, adding the dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and the allyl glycidyl ether into a three-neck flask, adding potassium persulfate accounting for 1% of the total amount of monomers as an initiator, heating to 80 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for reaction for 6 hours, transferring the mixture into a small beaker, naturally cooling to room temperature, adding acetone to separate out a product, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃.
(2) Cotton fabric modification process
Preparing the synthesized cationic polymer into a cationic polymer water solution with the concentration of 0.7g/L by using deionized water, adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value to be 13, immersing the cotton fabric into the solution at the bath ratio of 1:100, keeping the temperature at 25 ℃, slowly stirring for 6 hours, taking out and washing the cotton fabric to be neutral.
(3) Dyeing process of modified cotton fabric
Reactive brilliant blue KN-R or reactive turquoise blue KN-G or reactive yellow 3RS or reactive brilliant red 3BSN, the using amount is 3 percent (mass percent, weight to cotton fiber), the bath ratio is 1:30, the dyeing is carried out for 0.5h at 25 ℃, the temperature is slowly increased to 35 ℃, 15G/L sodium carbonate is added, the color is fixed for 4h, the washing is carried out, the soaping is carried out for 10min at 95 ℃ by using 1G/L soap piece water solution, and the drying is carried out after the washing.
(4) Dyeing process of unmodified cotton fabric
Reactive brilliant blue KN-R or reactive turquoise blue KN-G or reactive yellow 3RS or reactive brilliant red 3BSN, the using amount is 3 percent (mass percent, on the weight of cotton fiber), the bath ratio is 1:30, the using amount of sodium chloride is 60G/L, the dyeing is carried out for 0.5h at the temperature of 25 ℃, the temperature is slowly increased to 60 ℃, 15G/L of sodium carbonate is added, the color is fixed for 4h, the washing is carried out, 1G/L of soap piece water solution is used for soaping for 10min at the temperature of 95 ℃, and the drying is carried out after the washing.
(5) Dye wastewater and soaping liquor post-treatment
Fully washing the modified cotton fabric with water, mixing the washing liquid with the dyeing wastewater and the soaping liquid to ensure that the concentration of the cationic polymer in the mixed solution is 100mg/L, stirring, standing and settling. Through flocculating and settling dye wastewater and soap lotion, the flocculation decolorization rate reaches 92.6 percent. The dyeing wastewater and the soap washing liquor are purified.
Tests show that the salt-free dyeing dye utilization rate of the cotton fabric processed by the technical scheme of the embodiment is higher than that of the salt dyeing result of the unmodified cotton fabric, and the level dyeing property is better.
Table 1 shows the results of the total utilization rate of the dye and the K/S value of the cationic modified cotton fabric obtained by using the reactive dye according to the traditional salt dyeing process and the salt-free dyeing process. Wherein the total utilization rate T and the value of K/S of the dye are respectively calculated according to the following formulas:
Figure GDA0002570996300000031
Figure GDA0002570996300000041
T＝E×F
Figure GDA0002570996300000042
in the formula, A 0 、A 1 、A 2 Is respectively lambda max Then, the absorbance of the dye solution before and after dyeing and after soaping is measured by an HP 8453 ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer; r is lambda max Fabric reflectance was measured using a Ci6X spectrophotometer.
TABLE 1 comparison of the results of salt-and salt-free dyeing of reactive dyes
Figure GDA0002570996300000043

Claims (2)

1. An environment-friendly low-temperature salt-free dyeing method of a reactive dye for cotton fabrics is characterized by comprising the working procedures of cationic polymer synthesis, cotton fabric modification treatment, dyeing and dye wastewater post-treatment, and comprises the following steps:
(1) adding dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and allyl glycidyl ether into a three-neck flask according to the mass ratio of 7.5:1, adding potassium persulfate accounting for 1% of the total mass of the monomers as an initiator at one time, stirring and reacting for 4 hours at 70-90 ℃, taking out, naturally cooling to room temperature, adding acetone to separate out a product, and performing vacuum drying at 50 ℃;
(2) preparing the synthesized cationic polymer into a cationic polymer aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.7g/L by using deionized water, adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value of the aqueous solution to be 13, immersing the cotton fabric into the solution at the bath ratio of 1:100, keeping the temperature of 25 ℃, slowly stirring for 6 hours, taking out and washing the cotton fabric to be neutral;
(3) the modified cotton fabric is subjected to low-temperature salt-free dyeing by using a reactive dye, wherein the salt-free dyeing method comprises the steps of dip dyeing for 0.5h at 25 ℃, slowly heating to 35 ℃, adding 15g/L of sodium carbonate, fixing color for 4h, washing with water, soaping for 10min at 95 ℃ by using 1g/L of soap piece aqueous solution, and drying after washing with water; the active dyes are active black KN-B, active brilliant blue KN-R, active turquoise blue KN-G, active yellow 3RS and active red 3 BSN;
(4) the method comprises the following steps of (1) flocculating the dye wastewater and soap lotion by using the washing liquid of the modified cotton fabric containing the cationic polymer, and further purifying the dyeing residual liquid to ensure that the modification process is green: the cotton fabric is modified by the synthesized cationic polymer, is fully washed by water, the washing liquid is mixed with the dyeing residual liquid and the soaping wastewater, the concentration of the cationic polymer in the mixed liquid is 50-100 mmg/L, and the mixture is stirred and kept stand.
2. The low temperature salt-free dyeing method of environment-friendly cotton fabric with reactive dye according to claim 1, characterized in that the cationic polymer has cationic degree of 3.034mmol/g and weight average molecular weight of 2315 g/mol.
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