CN111005245B - Low-salt dyeing method of reactive dye - Google Patents

Low-salt dyeing method of reactive dye Download PDF

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CN111005245B
CN111005245B CN201911086721.8A CN201911086721A CN111005245B CN 111005245 B CN111005245 B CN 111005245B CN 201911086721 A CN201911086721 A CN 201911086721A CN 111005245 B CN111005245 B CN 111005245B
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dyeing
dyed
cotton textile
reactive dye
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CN111005245A (en
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权衡
王佳
刘挺
刘希萌
倪丽杰
李时伟
李青
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Wuhan Textile University
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/38—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using reactive dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/655—Compounds containing ammonium groups
    • D06P1/66—Compounds containing ammonium groups containing quaternary ammonium groups
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/673—Inorganic compounds
    • D06P1/67333—Salts or hydroxides
    • D06P1/6735—Salts or hydroxides of alkaline or alkaline-earth metals with anions different from those provided for in D06P1/67341
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/58—Material containing hydroxyl groups
    • D06P3/60—Natural or regenerated cellulose
    • D06P3/66—Natural or regenerated cellulose using reactive dyes

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Abstract

The invention relates to a low-salt dyeing method of reactive dyes. The dyeing method does not change the conventional dyeing equipment and the basic dyeing process of the cotton textiles, and is easy to implement and control. Compared with the traditional dyeing method of cotton textiles by using the reactive dye, the dyeing method can reduce the consumption of dyeing electrolyte by more than 50 percent, and the cotton textiles dyed by the low-salt dyeing method of the reactive dye have obviously higher color depth, good dyeing fastness and excellent dyeing reproducibility, can be used for dyeing and processing the reactive dye of various cotton fibers and products thereof, so as to obviously reduce the consumption of the dyeing electrolyte, protect the environment and have good application effect and market prospect.

Description

Low-salt dyeing method of reactive dye
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-salt dyeing technical method for cellulose fibers or blended fabrics taking the cellulose fibers as main bodies by using reactive dyes, in particular to a full-bath pre-modification method and a low-salt dyeing method for the cellulose fibers.
Background
In production practice, reactive dyes are the most commonly used dyes for dyeing cellulosic fiber textiles, of which the most widely used are vinyl sulfone or fluorine-containing heterocyclic reactive dyes. However, the reactive dye has to rely on a large amount of neutral electrolyte to accelerate dyeing in the dyeing process due to small molecular structure, strong water solubility and weak affinity with fibers. In order to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by the traditional high-salt dyeing process of the reactive dye, the low-salt dyeing technology of the reactive dye is always the key research and development point in the related field. Currently, the low-salt dyeing technical method of the reactive dye mainly comprises the following steps:
1. the reactive dye low-salt dyeing process based on the low-salt reactive dye adopts the reactive dye with larger molecular weight and good molecular planarity, the cationized reactive dye and the low-water-solubility reactive dye to dye the cellulose fiber, and achieves the aim of obviously reducing the dyeing salt by improving the affinity of the dye and the fiber and reducing the diffusion resistance of the dye to the fiber.
For example, "a research on synthesis of cationic reactive dyes and salt-free dyeing of cotton fabrics", which is known by zhou shiji, zhao (zhao, dye and dyeing, volume 47, 3, 2010), discloses that cationic reactive dyes are synthesized by introducing active groups and quaternary ammonium cationic groups into paranitroanilide molecules synthesized by the cationic reactive dyes, and the dyeing of cellulose fiber fabrics is realized under the salt-free condition.
However, cationic reactive dyes generally have high substantivity and activity, and are prone to uneven dyeing and reduced color fastness; meanwhile, the dye has limited varieties, incomplete chromatogram, difficult storage and high price; in addition, the cationic reactive dye has higher requirements on the corrosion resistance of dyeing equipment, and the environmental protection property and the light fastness are poorer. Therefore, the process is difficult to effectively solve the current situation of high-salt dyeing of the reactive dye.
2. The process adopts epoxy nitrogen-containing compounds, monochlorotriazine quaternary ammonium salt compounds, azetidine cationic compounds, N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide and cationic propenyl copolymers, hydroxyalkyl ammonium salt compounds, biomass cationization reagents, amino dendrimer polymers, amino hyperbranched polymers and other modification reagents to perform cationization modification on cellulose fibers, and achieves the purpose of obviously reducing the salt content for dyeing by inhibiting the anionic property of the cellulose fibers and increasing the reaction groups of the cellulose fibers and the reactive dyes.
For example, the low-salt dyeing process of the reactive dye disclosed in 'application of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt in low-salt dyeing of reactive dye cotton fabric' by Wangjunhua, Luying Feng, Jia Yongtang and the like (printing and dyeing auxiliary agent, 2016, volume 33, No. 6) realizes low-salt dyeing of cellulose fiber fabric by performing cationization modification on the cellulose fiber fabric by using quaternary ammonium type chitosan.
For example, the reactive dye low-salt dyeing process disclosed in "dialdehyde chitosan modification and low-salt dyeing of cotton fabrics" by Liu, Ding and Haofenling et al (printing and dyeing, 2016, 18 th year) realizes low-salt dyeing of cellulose fiber fabrics by cationizing and modifying the cellulose fiber fabrics with dialdehyde chitosan.
However, the process of cationization modification of the fiber is long, the dosage of the auxiliary agent is large, the cost is high, the dyeing reproducibility is poor, and uncertain factors are more; most cationization reagents are harmful to the environment and easily cause secondary pollution to the environment; most of the modifier has low utilization rate, poor modification uniformity and unpleasant odor; some modification processes need to be carried out under the conditions of strong alkali and heating, so that the fiber is greatly damaged; the modification effect of the fiber has strong dependence on the modification process, and the modified fiber is difficult to control and dye uniformly; for the modified cellulose fiber, the alkali amount for fixing the color of the reactive dye and the pH value of a color fixing bath are difficult to control and the color is easy to fade; the high molecular cationization reagent is difficult to prepare and has poor water solubility, and can influence the air permeability, soft hand feeling and other wearability of the fabric; the rubbing color fastness of the modified fabric is obviously reduced, especially for dark and dense products; the adsorption behavior of the fiber to the dye is greatly changed, and the uncontrollable factors of dyeing are increased. Therefore, the low-salt dyeing technology based on the cationic high-molecular reactive dye has obvious effect, but is difficult to popularize on a large scale in production practice.
3. The reactive dye low-salt dyeing process based on the low-salt dyeing auxiliary agent adopts organic salt to replace neutral inorganic salt, and achieves the purpose of reducing the amount of inorganic salt for dyeing by reducing the use amount of the inorganic salt.
For example, in the low-salt dyeing process of reactive dyes disclosed in "application research of compound organic salt accelerating agent" by saint songhua, wu irelian, zhuanyang et al (3 rd of 2011), sodium formate or sodium citrate is used to replace the traditional anhydrous sodium sulfate to be used as the salt for dyeing the cellulose fibers, so that the aim of avoiding using sodium sulfate as the dyeing accelerating agent of the reactive dyes to the cellulose fibers is fulfilled, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
However, although the use of organic salts instead of inorganic salts can reduce environmental pollution, the use amount of the organic salts is obviously higher than that of the inorganic salts, and the mass concentration of the organic salts is sometimes required to be more than 200g/L to obtain the best dyeing promotion effect, and the cost of the organic salts is much more expensive than that of the inorganic salts. In addition, the viscosity of the macromolecular organic salt solution is generally higher, and the long molecular chain is easy to curl and wind in the solution, so that the dyeing accelerating effect of the macromolecular organic salt solution on the reactive dye is obviously poorer.
4. The low-salt dyeing process of active dye based on physical and chemical action adopts electrochemical dyeing machine or ultrasonic dyeing machine. For example, an electrochemical dyeing machine applies proper voltage to the dye solution, and the dye ions and the sodium ions are directionally moved in opposite directions by means of the potential difference between electrodes, so that the electronegativity of the cotton fabric in an anode area is eliminated, and the aim of greatly reducing the salt content for dyeing is fulfilled; or the ultrasonic wave dyeing machine utilizes the cavitation effect of the ultrasonic wave to play a role in promoting the dyeing of the reactive dye, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the use amount of the inorganic salt.
The reactive dye low-salt dyeing process disclosed by the book of zang nationality, "electrochemical salt-free/low-salt dyeing of KN-type reactive dyes" ("printing and dyeing" 12 th 2018) enriches anionic reactive dyes in an anode region through the action of a direct-current electric field and an electrode. Meanwhile, the electronegativity of the cotton fibers is weakened near the anode area, so that the cotton fibers can be fully contacted with the dye, the dye uptake is improved, and the dyeing promoting effect is realized.
For example, the reactive dye low-salt dyeing process disclosed in 'comparison research of ultrasonic dyeing of reactive dye and conventional dyeing process' by koelyu and liu li (proceedings of Tianjin university of industry, 2011, volume 30, phase 4) achieves the purpose of reducing the salt dosage for dyeing through the cavitation disturbance and the thermal effect of ultrasonic waves on a dye bath.
However, practice proves that the method has large investment on relevant dyeing equipment, low production efficiency and poor stability of dyeing effect. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic dyeing machine has a very limited effect on reducing the salt consumption of the reactive dye, is difficult to play a role independently, and cannot realize industrial application in a short time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-salt dyeing method of reactive dyes. Compared with the traditional dyeing method of cotton textiles by using the reactive dye, the dyeing method can reduce the consumption of dyeing electrolyte by more than 50 percent, and the low-salt dyeing method of the reactive dye does not change the conventional dyeing equipment and the basic dyeing process of the cotton textiles, has short process flow and is easy to implement and control. The dyed cotton textile has obviously higher color depth, good color fastness and excellent dyeing reproducibility, can be used for dyeing and processing the reactive dyes of various cotton fibers and products thereof so as to obviously reduce the consumption of dyeing electrolyte and protect the environment, and has good application effect and market prospect.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for low salt dyeing of reactive dyes comprising the steps of:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of pretreating the cotton textile to be dyed, namely modifying the cotton textile to be dyed by using a fiber modifier to prepare the modified cotton textile to be dyed, wherein the fiber modifier is C with 1 8～16 Long chain aliphatic mono-quaternary ammonium salts or having 2C 8～16 Fatty long chain diquaternary ammonium salts; the fiber modifier is 0.3-0.7 wt% of the cellulose fiber fabric to be dyed;
(2) dyeing the modified cotton textile to be dyed prepared in the step (1) with a reactive dye, a neutral electrolyte and an inorganic base to obtain a dyed cotton textile; the active dye is a wt% of a modified cotton textile to be dyed, a is 1-6, the mass concentration of the neutral electrolyte in the system is b g/L, b, b is 10+5a, and the mass concentration of the inorganic alkali in the system is c g/L, c, c is 10+1.5 a.
According to the scheme, the modification conditions of the cotton textiles to be dyed in the step (1) are as follows: the pH value is 4-5, the temperature is 60-80 ℃ gamma for 10-30 min, and then the pH value is 6-7, and the temperature is 50-70 ℃ gamma for 10-30 min.
According to the scheme, the step (2) is as follows: adding the dissolved reactive dye into the step (1), and maintaining the dyeing system of the prepared modified cotton textile to be dyed at the temperature of 60 +/-2 ℃ for 10-20 min; then adding inorganic alkali with the total amount of 5-15 wt% into the dyeing system, and maintaining the cycle of the dyeing system for 10-20 min at the temperature of 60 +/-2 ℃; then, adding neutral electrolyte accounting for 30-50% of the total amount into the dyeing system, and maintaining the cycle of the dyeing system for 10-20 min at the temperature of 60 +/-2 ℃; adding the rest neutral electrolyte into the dyeing system, and maintaining the dyeing system at 60 + -2 ℃ for 20-30 min; adding the rest inorganic base into the dyeing system, and maintaining the cycle of the dyeing system at 60 +/-2 ℃ for 30-50 min; finally, soaping and washing to obtain the dyed cotton textile.
According to the scheme, the cotton textile to be dyed is a fabric semi-product with the cellulose fiber content of 100 percent and subjected to desizing and scouring.
According to the scheme, the reactive dye is a reactive dye containing a vinyl sulfone active group or a reactive dye containing a difluoro monochloro pyrimidine active group.
According to the scheme, the pH regulator for regulating the pH is acetic acid or sodium carbonate.
According to the scheme, the inorganic base is sodium carbonate;
according to the scheme, the neutral electrolyte is anhydrous sodium sulfate.
According to the scheme, the softened water preferably has the total hardness of less than 30ppm CaCo 3 The weight of the softened water is 8-12 times of the weight of the fabric to be dyed.
According to the scheme, the low-salt dyeing method of the reactive dye comprises the following specific steps:
step (1): step for pretreating cotton textile to be dyed
(1.1) putting 85-95wt% of the total amount of the softened water and a fiber modifier into a dyeing machine, adjusting the pH to 4-5, putting the cotton textile to be dyed, and circularly treating the cotton textile at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 10-30 min;
(1.2) adjusting the pH value to be 6-7, and circularly treating at 50-70 ℃ for 10-30 min to obtain a modified cotton textile to be dyed;
step (2): low-salt dyeing step for cotton textiles
(2.1) dissolving the reactive dye, the inorganic base and the neutral electrolyte by using the residual softened water to prepare a reactive dye aqueous solution, an inorganic base aqueous solution and a neutral electrolyte aqueous solution for later use;
(2.2) adding an aqueous solution of a reactive dye into the step (1.2), and maintaining the dyeing system of the prepared modified cotton textile to be dyed at the temperature of 60 +/-2 ℃ for 10-20 min in a circulating manner;
(2.3) adding an inorganic alkaline aqueous solution with the total amount of 5-15 wt% into the dyeing system, and maintaining the dyeing system to circulate for 10-20 min at the temperature of 60 +/-2 ℃;
(2.4) adding a neutral electrolyte aqueous solution accounting for 30-50% of the total amount into the dyeing system, and maintaining the cycle of the dyeing system for 10-20 min at the temperature of 60 +/-2 ℃; adding the rest neutral electrolyte aqueous solution into the dyeing system, and maintaining the dyeing system at 60 +/-2 ℃ for 20-30 min;
(2.5) adding the rest of inorganic alkaline water solution into the dyeing system, and maintaining the cycle of the dyeing system at 60 +/-2 ℃ for 30-50 min;
and (2.6) soaping and washing to obtain the dyed cotton textile.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages and characteristics:
1. the invention adopts micromolecular quaternary ammonium salt with weak hydrophilicity and certain carbon length as a fiber modifier, the water solubility of the micromolecular quaternary ammonium salt is weaker, the affinity to fibers is higher, and the molecular size of the micromolecular quaternary ammonium salt is smaller than that of most dyes. Meanwhile, the adsorption and diffusion behaviors of the treatment bath on the fibers can be conveniently controlled by regulating and controlling the pH of the treatment bath. Therefore, the uniform modification effect can be ensured, the influence on the stability of the dyeing bath is small, and the subsequent dyeing process is facilitated. Compared with the traditional dyeing process of cellulose fiber fabrics by reactive dyes, the dyeing technical method can reduce the consumption of anhydrous sodium sulfate from 20-80 g/L to 10-40 g/L (reduce the consumption of salt by more than 50%). Meanwhile, the cellulose fiber textile dyed by the low-salt dyeing technical method of the reactive dye has higher color depth, the K/S value of a dyed product can be improved by 10-15%, the dyeing fastness is not lower than that of the cellulose fiber textile dyed by the traditional dyeing process, the washing color fastness reaches 4-5 grades, and the dry and wet rubbing color fastness reaches more than 4 grades and more than 3 grades respectively.
2. The invention adopts the technology of 'reactive dye pre-alkali fixation', and the fixation is carried out by adding sodium carbonate into the dye bath for a plurality of times. Compared with the traditional process of dyeing by reactive dyes, wherein the alkali is added for one time for fixation after the two-time salt addition dyeing promotion is finished, a part of soda ash is added before the neutral electrolyte anhydrous sodium sulfate for dyeing promotion is added for the first time and the salt-free dyeing environment is maintained for a period of time, so that the method is not only beneficial to inhibiting the hydrolysis of the dyes, but also beneficial to the level dyeing and the strike through of the dyes; at the same time, it was also ensured that the staining speed was essentially unchanged during the staining process (i.e. no sudden change in staining speed, fig. 1). Therefore, the pH value of the dye bath is more stable, the hydrolyzed reactive dye is less, and the dye uptake and the fixation rate of the dye are higher.
3. The reactive dye low-salt dyeing process has the advantages of small using amount of the auxiliary agent, few uncontrollable factors, good dyeing repeatability and stable product quality. Meanwhile, the dyeing process is less, the process is short, the energy consumption is reduced, the dyeing cost is low, and the environmental influence is small.
Drawings
FIG. 1 comparison of the dyeing rate curves of the process of the invention (S3, example 1) with those of the conventional process, illustrating: compared with the traditional dyeing technology and process, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the dyeing rate of the dye on the modified fiber is higher in the whole dyeing period, and the dyeing rate is more stable. Therefore, the dyeing effect can better resist the fluctuation of dyeing process conditions, and is beneficial to improving the dyeing uniformity and the dyeing efficiency.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The dyeing process comprises the following raw materials:
1. fabric to be dyed: pure cotton bleached cloth 1000g
2. Reactive dyes: hensmei novacon DEEP NIGHT S-R20 g
3. Neutral electrolyte: 200g of anhydrous sodium sulfate (namely 20g/L)
4. Inorganic base: sodium carbonate 130g (i.e. 13g/L)
5. Fiber modifier: having 2C 12 Fatty long-chain biquaternary ammonium salt 4g
6. Softening water: total hardness of 25ppm CaCO 3 10000g of soft water
The dyeing process comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps of mixing a cotton textile to be dyed, softened water, a fiber modifier and a pH regulator, and modifying the cotton textile to be dyed to obtain a modified cotton textile to be dyed, wherein the modified cotton textile to be dyed specifically comprises the following steps:
(1.1) putting 90 wt% of the total amount of the softened water and a fiber modifier into a dyeing machine, adjusting the pH to 4.5, putting the mixture into a cotton textile to be dyed, and circularly treating the mixture at 70 ℃ for 15 min;
(1.2) adjusting the pH value to 6.5, and circularly treating at 60 ℃ for 15min to prepare a modified cotton textile to be dyed;
(2) the low-salt dyeing method of the cotton textiles comprises the following steps: mixing the modified cotton textile to be dyed prepared in the step (1), reactive dye, neutral electrolyte, inorganic alkali and softened water, and dyeing the modified cotton textile to be dyed to prepare a dyed cotton textile, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
(2.1) dissolving the reactive dye, the inorganic base and the neutral electrolyte by using the residual softened water to prepare a reactive dye aqueous solution, an inorganic base aqueous solution and a neutral electrolyte aqueous solution for later use;
(2.2) adding an aqueous solution of a reactive dye into the step (1.2), and maintaining the prepared modified cotton textile to be dyed at 60 ℃ for 15min of dyeing system circulation;
(2.3) adding an inorganic alkaline aqueous solution with the total amount of 10 wt% into the dyeing system, and maintaining the cycle of the dyeing system at 60 ℃ for 15 min;
(2.4) adding a neutral electrolyte aqueous solution accounting for 40% of the total amount into the dyeing system, and maintaining the cycle of the dyeing system for 15min at 60 ℃; adding the rest neutral electrolyte aqueous solution into the dyeing system, and maintaining the dyeing system at 60 ℃ for 25 min;
(2.5) adding the rest of the inorganic alkaline aqueous solution into the dyeing system, and maintaining the cycle of the dyeing system at 60 ℃ for 40 min;
and (2.6) soaping and washing to obtain the dyed cotton textile.
The application of the technology of the invention is as follows: can be used for low-salt dyeing processing of reactive dyes on various cellulose fiber textiles.
Compared with the traditional dyeing process of cellulose fiber fabrics by reactive dyes, the dyeing technical method can reduce the consumption of anhydrous sodium sulfate by 50-60%. Meanwhile, the K/S value of the dyeing product can be improved by about 10 percent, and the dyeing fastness of the dyeing product reaches or approaches to that of the cellulose fiber textile dyed by the traditional dyeing process.
Example 2
The dyeing process comprises the following raw materials:
1. fabric to be dyed: 1000g pure cotton bleaching cloth
2. Reactive dyes: reactive brilliant blue KN-R40 g
3. Neutral electrolyte: anhydrous sodium sulfate 300g (i.e. 30g/L)
4. Inorganic base: sodium carbonate 160g (i.e. 16g/L)
5. Fiber modifier: having 2C 12 Fatty long-chain biquaternary ammonium salt 5.5g
6. Softening water: total hardness of 25ppm CaCO 3 10000g of soft water
The dyeing process comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of pretreatment of the cotton textile to be dyed: the method comprises the following steps of mixing the cotton textile to be dyed, softened water, a fiber modifier and a pH regulator, and modifying the cotton textile to be dyed to obtain a modified cotton textile to be dyed, wherein the modified cotton textile to be dyed specifically comprises the following steps:
(1.1) putting 90 wt% of the total amount of the softened water and a fiber modifier into a dyeing machine, adjusting the pH to be 5, putting the mixture into a cotton textile to be dyed, and circularly treating the mixture for 20min at the temperature of 75 ℃;
(1.2) adjusting the pH value to 7, and circularly treating at 65 ℃ for 20min to prepare a modified cotton textile to be dyed;
(2) the low-salt dyeing method of the cotton textiles comprises the following steps: mixing the modified cotton textile to be dyed prepared in the step (1), reactive dye, neutral electrolyte, inorganic alkali and softened water, and dyeing the modified cotton textile to be dyed to prepare a dyed cotton textile, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
(2.1) dissolving the reactive dye, the inorganic base and the neutral electrolyte by using the residual softened water to prepare a reactive dye aqueous solution, an inorganic base aqueous solution and a neutral electrolyte aqueous solution for later use;
(2.2) adding an aqueous solution of a reactive dye into the step (1.2), and maintaining the prepared modified cotton textile to be dyed at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 20min in a dyeing system circulation mode;
(2.3) adding an inorganic alkaline aqueous solution accounting for 12 wt% of the total amount into the dyeing system, and maintaining the dyeing system at 60 ℃ for 15min in circulation;
(2.4) adding a neutral electrolyte aqueous solution accounting for 30% of the total amount into the dyeing system, and maintaining the cycle of the dyeing system for 20min at 60 ℃; adding the rest neutral electrolyte aqueous solution into the dyeing system, and maintaining the dyeing system at 60 ℃ for 25 min;
(2.5) adding the rest of the inorganic alkaline water solution into the dyeing system, and maintaining the dyeing system to circulate for 40min at the temperature of 60 ℃;
and (2.6) soaping and washing to obtain the dyed cotton textile.
The application of the technology of the invention is as follows: can be used for low-salt dyeing processing of reactive dyes on various cellulose fiber textiles.
Compared with the traditional dyeing process of cellulose fiber fabrics by reactive dyes, the dyeing technical method can reduce the consumption of anhydrous sodium sulfate by 55-65%. Meanwhile, the K/S value of the dyeing product can be improved by about 15 percent, and the dyeing fastness of the dyeing product reaches or approaches to that of the cellulose fiber textile dyed by the traditional dyeing process.
Example 3
The dyeing process comprises the following raw materials:
1. fabric to be dyed: pure cotton bleached cloth 1000g
2. Reactive dyes: active Black RGB 60g
3. Neutral electrolyte: anhydrous sodium sulfate 400g (i.e. 40g/L)
4. Inorganic base: 190g of sodium carbonate (19 g/L)
5. Fiber modifier: having 1C 10 Fatty long-chain monoquaternary ammonium salt 6g
6. Water softening: total hardness of 25ppm CaCO 3 10000g of soft water
The dyeing process comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of pretreatment of the cotton textile to be dyed: the method comprises the following steps of mixing the cotton textile to be dyed, softened water, a fiber modifier and a pH regulator, and modifying the cotton textile to be dyed to obtain a modified cotton textile to be dyed, wherein the modified cotton textile to be dyed specifically comprises the following steps:
(1.1) putting 90 wt% of the total amount of the softened water and a fiber modifier into a dyeing machine, adjusting the pH to 4.5-5, putting the mixture into a cotton textile to be dyed, and circularly treating the cotton textile at 70 ℃ for 10 min;
(1.2) adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7, and circularly treating at 60 ℃ for 10-15 min to prepare a modified cotton textile to be dyed;
(2) the low-salt dyeing method of the cotton textiles comprises the following steps: mixing the modified cotton textile to be dyed prepared in the step (1), reactive dye, neutral electrolyte, inorganic alkali and softened water, and dyeing the modified cotton textile to be dyed to prepare a dyed cotton textile, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
(2.1) dissolving the reactive dye, the inorganic base and the neutral electrolyte by using the residual softened water to prepare a reactive dye aqueous solution, an inorganic base aqueous solution and a neutral electrolyte aqueous solution for later use;
(2.2) adding an aqueous solution of a reactive dye into the step (1.2), and maintaining the dyeing system of the prepared modified cotton textile to be dyed at 60 ℃ for 15-20 min in a circulating manner;
(2.3) adding an inorganic alkaline water solution accounting for 8-10 wt% of the total amount into the dyeing system, and maintaining the dyeing system at 60 ℃ for 10-15 min in a circulating manner;
(2.4) adding a neutral electrolyte aqueous solution accounting for 30-35% of the total amount into the dyeing system, and maintaining the cycle of the dyeing system for 15-20 min at 60 ℃; adding the rest neutral electrolyte aqueous solution into the dyeing system, and maintaining the dyeing system at 60 ℃ for 25-30 min;
(2.5) adding the rest of inorganic alkaline water solution into the dyeing system, and maintaining the dyeing system to circulate for 40-45 min at the temperature of 60 ℃;
and (2.6) soaping and washing to obtain the dyed cotton textile.
The application of the technology of the invention is as follows: can be used for low-salt dyeing processing of reactive dyes on various cellulose fiber textiles.
Compared with the traditional dyeing process of cellulose fiber fabrics by reactive dyes, the dyeing technical method can reduce the consumption of anhydrous sodium sulfate by about 60 percent. Meanwhile, the K/S value of the dyeing product can be improved by about 15 percent, and the dyeing fastness of the dyeing product reaches or approaches to that of the cellulose fiber textile dyed by the traditional dyeing process.
The above description is only a preferred example of the present invention, and actually, the specific raw materials listed in the present invention, the upper and lower limits and interval values of each raw material, and the upper and lower limits and interval values of the process parameters (such as temperature, time, etc.) can all implement the present invention, and the examples are not listed here. Therefore, the above examples are not intended to limit the present invention, and general changes and substitutions by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A low-salt dyeing method of reactive dyes is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of pretreating the cotton textile to be dyed, wherein the cotton textile to be dyed is modified by a fiber modifier, and the modification conditions are as follows: firstly treating at the pH of 4-5 and the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 10-30 min, and then treating at the pH of 6-7 and the temperature of 50-70 ℃ for 10-30 min to prepare the modified cotton textile to be dyed, wherein the fiber modifier is a fiber modifier with 1C 8～ 16 Mono-quaternary ammonium salts of long fatty chains or having 2C 8～16 Fatty long chain bis-quaternary ammonium salts; the fiber modifier is 0.3-0.7 wt% of the cellulose fiber fabric to be dyed;
(2) dyeing the modified cotton textile to be dyed prepared in the step (1) with a reactive dye, a neutral electrolyte and an inorganic base to obtain a dyed cotton textile; the active dye is a wt% of a modified cotton textile to be dyed, a is 1-6, and the mass concentration of the neutral electrolyte in the system is b g/L, b, wherein the value of b =10+5aThe mass concentration of the inorganic base in the system is c g/L, cc=10+1.5a，The method specifically comprises the following steps: adding the dissolved reactive dye into the step (1), and maintaining the dyeing system cycle of the prepared modified cotton textile to be dyed at 60 +/-2 ℃ for 10-20 min; then adding inorganic alkali with the total amount of 5-15 wt% into the dyeing system, and maintaining the cycle of the dyeing system for 10-20 min at the temperature of 60 +/-2 ℃; then, adding neutral electrolyte accounting for 30-50% of the total amount into the dyeing system, and maintaining the cycle of the dyeing system for 10-20 min at the temperature of 60 +/-2 ℃; adding the rest neutral electrolyte into the dyeing system, and maintaining the dyeing system at 60 + -2 ℃ for 20-30 min; adding the rest inorganic base into the dyeing system, and maintaining the dyeing system to circulate for 30-50 min at 60 +/-2 ℃; and finally, soaping and washing to obtain the dyed cotton textile.
2. Process for the low-salt dyeing of reactive dyes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cotton textile to be dyed is a fabric semi-product with the cellulose fiber content of 100 percent and through desizing and scouring.
3. A process for dyeing reactive dyes with low salt according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reactive dye is a reactive dye containing a vinyl sulfone active group or a reactive dye containing a difluoro monochloro pyrimidine active group.
4. A process for dyeing reactive dyes with low salt according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pH regulator for regulating pH is acetic acid or sodium carbonate.
5. A process for dyeing reactive dyes with low salt according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inorganic alkali is sodium carbonate.
6. A process for dyeing reactive dyes with low salt according to claim 1, characterized in that: the neutral electrolyte is anhydrous sodium sulfate.
7. A process for dyeing reactive dyes with low salt according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step (1): step of pretreatment of cotton textile to be dyed
(1.1) putting 85-95wt% of the total amount of the softened water and a fiber modifier into a dyeing machine, adjusting the pH to 4-5, putting the cotton textile to be dyed, and circularly treating the cotton textile at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 10-30 min;
(1.2) adjusting the pH value to be 6-7, and circularly treating at 50-70 ℃ for 10-30 min to prepare a modified cotton textile to be dyed;
step (2): low-salt dyeing step for cotton textiles
(2.1) dissolving the reactive dye, the inorganic base and the neutral electrolyte by using the residual softened water to prepare a reactive dye aqueous solution, an inorganic base aqueous solution and a neutral electrolyte aqueous solution for later use;
(2.2) adding an aqueous solution of a reactive dye into the step (1.2), and maintaining the dyeing system of the prepared modified cotton textile to be dyed at 60 ℃ for 10-20 min in a circulating manner;
(2.3) adding an inorganic alkaline aqueous solution with the total amount of 5-15 wt% into the dyeing system, and maintaining the dyeing system to circulate for 10-20 min at 60 ℃;
(2.4) adding a neutral electrolyte aqueous solution accounting for 30-50% of the total amount into the dyeing system, and maintaining the dyeing system to circulate for 10-20 min at 60 ℃; adding the rest neutral electrolyte aqueous solution into the dyeing system, and maintaining the dyeing system at 60 ℃ for 20-30 min;
(2.5) adding the rest of inorganic alkaline water solution into the dyeing system, and maintaining the dyeing system to circulate for 30-50 min at the temperature of 60 ℃;
and (2.6) soaping and washing to obtain the dyed cotton textile.
8. Process for the low-salt dyeing of reactive dyes according to claim 7, characterized in that: the softened water has a total hardness of less than 30ppm CaCo 3 The weight of the softened water is 8-12 times of the weight of the fabric to be dyed.
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