CN111636206A - 一种防止微小水珠粘附的面料超疏水方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种防止微小水珠粘附的面料超疏水方法，包括如下步骤：步骤一、将甲基丙烯酸树脂和无机纳米颗粒分散于分散体系中配成复合乳液，将复合乳液在80～100℃反应1～10h；步骤二、将复合乳液加入软水稀释，然后分别加入低表面能助剂与交联剂，搅拌均匀；最后加入抗静电剂与柔软剂，得到整理助剂；步骤三、将面料放置在整理助剂中浸渍，然后取出面料经过轧车除去面料吸收的多余整理助剂，最后将面料烘干与定型。本发明的有益效果：(1)达到150°接触角，小于10°的滚动角，5级防水；(2)对于5uL以上的水珠皆能使其滚落，不易粘附；(3)大幅减少了微小水滴的粘附，达到了真正的超疏水抗污效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种面料防水工艺，尤其涉及一种防止微小水珠粘附的面料超疏水方法，属于纺织面料技术领域。
背景技术
近年来，数量众多的防水产品纷纷涌入纺织市场，从拼多多10元三件的涤氨防水T恤，到年前大火的不沾伞，再到叠加了品牌效应的强防水冲锋衣，几乎随处可见防水产品。但其质量良莠不齐，电商的夸张宣传神话了其实际效果，让广大消费者误解了当下防水产品的发展现状，实则不利于功能性产品的推广。
防水剂品类细分为C8/C6/C0类，本质上都是通过降低纺织品表面的表面能来达到防水效果。荷叶效应主要是指荷叶表面具有超疏水以及自洁的特性。荷叶效应除了表面能低的原因外，还有一点重要的原因是荷叶表面形成的许多微米纳米级别的绒毛，该绒毛与水滴构成了CASSIE-BAXTER疏水模型，使得荷叶达到了超疏水不沾液的效果。目前市场大多数助剂并没从这个角度出发，现有产品大多只注重防水而不注重超疏水。超疏水之于防水的区别在于：水滴与纺织品的接触角高于150°而滚动角低于10°，一旦纺织品达到超疏水效果，才能真正做到防水抗污。常规防水的接触角过低，滚动角过大，没有一定的倾斜角水滴难以滚动滑落；且一旦面料受到挤压摩擦，水滴还是容易被压进面料造成沾湿。
常规的纺织品比如涤纶，其分子通过共价键结合，既不能电离，也不能传递电子，容易产生和积聚电荷，再加上涤纶纤维中极性基团很少，疏水性大，因此，电荷散逸困难，不可避免地要产生静电。而一旦产生静电，就会对微小的灰尘、水珠产生吸附性，该吸附性大大影响了超疏水的表现。
鉴于以上不足，本领域技术人员致力于开发一种防止微小水珠粘附的面料超疏水方法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：
(1)面料防水等级低、超疏水抗污效果差；
(2)小水珠易粘附在面料表面。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种防止微小水珠粘附的面料超疏水方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)：将甲基丙烯酸树脂和经圆磨机研磨的无机纳米颗粒分散于分散体系中配成复合乳液，将复合乳液在80～100℃反应1～10h；分散体系中含有分散剂；
步骤(2)：将步骤(1)处理后的复合乳液加入软水稀释，然后分别加入低表面能助剂与交联剂，搅拌均匀；最后加入抗静电剂与柔软剂，得到整理助剂；
步骤(3)：将面料放置在整理助剂中浸渍，然后取出面料经过轧车除去面料吸收的多余整理助剂，最后将面料烘干与定型。
在一些实施例中，分散剂包括主分散剂与助分散剂；主分散剂采用碳酸镁，主分散剂在复合乳液中的重量含量为0.05～0.2％；助分散剂采用十二烷基硫酸钠或十二烷基磷酸钠，助分散剂在复合乳液中的重量含量0.005～0.02％。
在一些实施例中，将甲基丙烯酸树脂加无机纳米颗粒在复合乳液中的浓度为20～100g/L。
在一些实施例中，在步骤(2)中，取1～2份复合乳液加入5份软水稀释。
在一些实施例中，在整理助剂中，低表面能助剂浓度为5～20g/L，交联剂浓度为1～4g/L，抗静电剂浓度为20～40g/L，柔软剂浓度为5～10g/L。
在一些实施例中，
低表面能助剂选自聚二甲基硅氧烷、十七氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十三氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十三氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷、TF-5025H、TF-4116G、TF-584、杜邦Teflon三防整理剂、美国nanotex纳米防水剂、TG-6108C、TF-9031中的一种或多种复配；
交联剂选自TF-569F、TF-569A、TF-569P、LD808、LD8013中的一种或多种复配；
抗静电剂选自阳离子型-季铵盐类、阴离子型-磷酸盐类、非离子型-脂肪酸多元醇酯类、两性型-内铵盐类、聚醚类、季铵盐类、共聚物磺酸盐类的抗静电剂中的一种；
柔软剂选自TF-4900、TF-438、CHYMIM-228中的一种或多种复配。
在一些实施例中，低表面能助剂选用TF-5025H，交联剂选用TF-569F，抗静电剂选用季铵盐类的抗静电剂，柔软剂选用TF-4900。
在一些实施例中，步骤(3)中，轧车的轧辊左右压力均设置为2～3kg，车速设置为2～3m/s。
在一些实施例中，步骤(3)中，面料放入烘箱中热风烘干，烘干温度为80～120℃，烘干时间为2～5min；定型温度为160～180℃，定型时间为2～5min。
在一些实施例中，面料选自棉、涤纶、锦纶、丙纶、腈纶、芳纶、黏胶、维纶中的一种。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)达到150°接触角，小于10°的滚动角，5级防水；
(2)对于5uL以上的水珠皆能使其滚落，不易粘附；
(3)大幅减少了微小水滴的粘附，达到了真正的超疏水抗污。
具体实施方式
除非另作定义，本专利的权利要求书和说明书中所使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本专利所属技术领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。
本发明提出了一种防止微小水珠粘附的面料超疏水方法，适用于棉、涤纶、锦纶、丙纶、腈纶、芳纶、黏胶、维纶等多种材质，不限于其织造工艺，仅对面料亲水性与表面光洁度有一定要求。经过该方法处理的面料具有超疏水(接触角大于150°)、自清洁、耐洗涤、不易粘附微小水珠的特性。
本发明提供的防止微小水珠粘附的面料超疏水方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一
将甲基丙烯酸树脂(MMA)和经圆磨机研磨后的无机纳米颗粒分散于分散体系中，配成浓度为20～100g/L的复合乳液。即每升复合乳液中，含有甲基丙烯酸树脂与无机纳米颗粒的总量为20～100g。甲基丙烯酸树脂和无机纳米颗粒的比例，根据疏水要求合理确定。无机纳米颗粒可以选用SiO2无机纳米颗粒、Al2O3无机纳米颗粒等。
上述分散体系的主体是水，其中含有分散剂。为了达到更好的分散效果，分散剂包括主分散剂与助分散剂。主分散剂采用碳酸镁，碳酸镁在复合乳液中的浓度为0.05～0.2％。助分散剂也即表面活性剂，采用十二烷基硫酸钠或十二烷基磷酸钠，其在复合乳液中的浓度为0.005～0.02％。
步骤二
将上述复合乳液加入反应釜中80～100℃反应1～10h。这一步的目的是，甲基丙烯酸树脂浸润无机纳米颗粒表面，以便在后续的步骤中，使无机纳米颗粒被甲基丙烯酸树脂牢牢固定在面料表面。
步骤三
经上述步骤二加热处理后的复合乳液缓缓加入软水中稀释，比例是复合乳液:软水＝1:(5～10)，得到复合乳液的浓度为100～200g/L的稀释乳液。软水是指不含或含较少可溶性钙、镁化合物的水，减小对防水效果的影响。
稀释乳液搅拌均匀后，再向其中加入低表面能助剂、交联剂、抗静电剂以及柔软剂。低表面能助剂在稀释乳液中浓度为5～20g/L。交联剂在稀释乳液中浓度为1～4g/L。抗静电剂在稀释乳液中浓度为20～40g/L。柔软剂在稀释乳液中浓度为5～10g/L。这样得到完善的整理助剂。
低表面能助剂为为聚二甲基硅氧烷、十七氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十三氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十三氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷、TF-5025H、TF-4116G、TF-584、TF-9031、杜邦Teflon三防整理剂、美国nanotex纳米防水剂、大金TG-6108C等的一种或几种复配。其中，TF-5025H、TF-4116G、TF-584、TF-9031是由浙江传化化学集团生产的防水防油剂。杜邦Teflon三防整理剂是专指由美国杜邦公司生产的特氟龙(Teflon)品牌的布匹保护剂，这种整理剂是由杜邦公司的配方和技术生产，由纺织化工巨头美国亨斯迈纺织染化有限公司全球推广和销售的纺织整理剂。
交联剂选用TF-569F、TF-569A、TF-569P、LD808、LD8013等的一种或多种复配。其中，TF-569F、TF-569A、TF-569P是由浙江传化化学集团生产的交联剂。LD808、LD8013是扬州市立达树脂有限公司生产的交联剂。
抗静电剂采用阳离子型-季铵盐类、阴离子型-磷酸盐类、非离子型-脂肪酸多元醇酯类、两性型-内铵盐类、聚醚类、季铵盐类、共聚物磺酸盐类的一类。优选季铵盐类抗静电剂，该类抗静电剂与基体树脂有较好的相容性，效果稳定，持久，性能好。该抗静电剂主要是在纺织品表层呈细微的层状或筋状分布，构成导电性表层，并以此为通路泄露静电荷。该类抗静电剂主要是以降低材料体积电阻来达到抗静电效果的，不完全依赖表面吸水，故其受环境的湿度影响较小，与防水功能契合度较高。且抗静电剂在表层的结构有助于增加表面粗糙度，增加超疏水效果。
柔软剂为TF-4900、TF-438、CHYMIM-228等的一种或几种复配。其中，TF-4900、TF-438是由浙江传化化学集团生产的柔软剂。
步骤四
将面料用上述整理助剂处理，通过立式轧车一浸一轧，该立式轧车型号为亚力诺立式定速P-AO。轧车的轧辊左右压力均设置为2～3kg，车速设置为2～3m/s。
随后将面料放入烘箱热风烘干，烘干温度为80～120℃，烘干时间为2～5min。再后用定型机定型，定型机型号为佛山精柯R-3定型机，定型温度为160～180℃，温度过高易黄变，温度过低交联不充分。定型时间为2～5min，足够的交联时间可以大幅增加耐洗性。这样得到最终产品。
实施本发明提供超疏水方法处理的面料手感好，防水等级高，超疏水性能好，对微小水珠不易粘附，防静电。
实施例1
步骤1
将甲基丙烯酸树脂(MMA)和经圆磨机研磨后的SiO2无机纳米颗粒分散于分散体系中，配成浓度为20g/L的复合乳液。即每升复合乳液中，含有甲基丙烯酸树脂与SiO2无机纳米颗粒的总量约为20g。分散体系的主体是水，其中主分散剂采用碳酸镁，碳酸镁在复合乳液中的浓度为0.05％。助分散剂采用十二烷基硫酸钠，其在复合乳液中的浓度为0.005％。
步骤2
将上述复合乳液加入反应釜中80℃反应1h。
步骤3
将步骤2中处理后的复合乳液缓缓加入软水稀释，直至复合乳液在软水中的浓度为100g/L。搅拌均匀后，按5g/L加入低表面能助剂TF-5025H，按1g/L加入交联剂TF-569F，按20g/L加入季铵盐类抗静电剂，按5g/L加入柔软剂TF-4900。这样得到整理助剂。
步骤4
将面料用上述整理助剂处理，通过立式轧车一浸一轧，该立式轧车型号为亚力诺立式定速P-AO，轧车的轧辊左右压力均设置为2kg，车速设置为2m/s。随后放入烘箱热风烘干，烘干温度为80℃，烘干时间为2min。最后用定型机定型，定型机型号为佛山精柯R-3定型机，定型温度为160℃，定型时间为2min。
实施例2
步骤1
将甲基丙烯酸树脂(MMA)和经圆磨机研磨后的Al2O3无机纳米颗粒分散于分散体系中，配成浓度为100g/L的复合乳液。即每升复合乳液中，含有甲基丙烯酸树脂与Al2O3无机纳米颗粒的总量约为100g。分散体系的主体是水，其中主分散剂采用碳酸镁，碳酸镁在复合乳液中的浓度为0.2％。助分散剂采用十二烷基磷酸钠，其在复合乳液中的浓度为0.02％。
步骤2
将上述复合乳液加入反应釜中100℃反应10h。
步骤3
将步骤2中处理后的复合乳液缓缓加入软水稀释，直至复合乳液在软水中的浓度为200g/L。搅拌均匀后，按20g/L加入低表面能助剂TF-5025H，按4g/L加入交联剂TF-569F，按40g/L加入季铵盐类抗静电剂，按10g/L加入柔软剂TF-4900。这样得到整理助剂。
步骤4
将面料用上述整理助剂处理，通过立式轧车一浸一轧，该立式轧车型号为亚力诺立式定速P-AO，轧车的轧辊左右压力均设置为3kg，车速设置为3m/s。随后放入烘箱热风烘干，烘干温度为120℃，烘干时间为5min。最后用定型机定型，定型机型号为佛山精柯R-3定型机，定型温度为180℃，定型时间为5min。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种防止微小水珠粘附的面料超疏水方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)：将甲基丙烯酸树脂和经圆磨机研磨的无机纳米颗粒分散于分散体系中配成复合乳液，将所述复合乳液在80～100℃反应1～10h；所述分散体系中含有分散剂；
步骤(2)：将步骤(1)处理后的所述复合乳液加入软水稀释，然后分别加入低表面能助剂与交联剂，搅拌均匀；最后加入抗静电剂与柔软剂，得到整理助剂；
步骤(3)：将面料放置在所述整理助剂中浸渍，然后取出所述面料经过轧车除去面料吸收的多余整理助剂，最后将所述面料烘干与定型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防止微小水珠粘附的面料超疏水方法，其特征在于，所述分散剂包括主分散剂与助分散剂；所述主分散剂采用碳酸镁，所述主分散剂在所述复合乳液中的重量含量为0.05～0.2％；所述助分散剂采用十二烷基硫酸钠或十二烷基磷酸钠，所述助分散剂在所述复合乳液中的重量含量0.005～0.02％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防止微小水珠粘附的面料超疏水方法，其特征在于，将所述甲基丙烯酸树脂加所述无机纳米颗粒在所述复合乳液中的浓度为20～100g/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防止微小水珠粘附的面料超疏水方法，其特征在于，在步骤(2)中，取1～2份所述复合乳液加入5份软水稀释。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防止微小水珠粘附的面料超疏水方法，其特征在于，在所述整理助剂中，所述低表面能助剂浓度为5～20g/L，所述交联剂浓度为1～4g/L，所述抗静电剂浓度为20～40g/L，所述柔软剂浓度为5～10g/L。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种防止微小水珠粘附的面料超疏水方法，其特征在于，
所述低表面能助剂选自聚二甲基硅氧烷、十七氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十三氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十三氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷、TF-5025H、TF-4116G、TF-584、杜邦Teflon三防整理剂、美国nanotex纳米防水剂、TG-6108C、TF-9031中的一种或多种复配；
所述交联剂选自TF-569F、TF-569A、TF-569P、LD808、LD8013中的一种或多种复配；
所述抗静电剂选自阳离子型-季铵盐类、阴离子型-磷酸盐类、非离子型-脂肪酸多元醇酯类、两性型-内铵盐类、聚醚类、季铵盐类、共聚物磺酸盐类的抗静电剂中的一种；
所述柔软剂选自TF-4900、TF-438、CHYMIM-228中的一种或多种复配。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种防止微小水珠粘附的面料超疏水方法，其特征在于，所述低表面能助剂选用TF-5025H，所述交联剂选用TF-569F，所述抗静电剂选用季铵盐类的抗静电剂，所述柔软剂选用TF-4900。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种防止微小水珠粘附的面料超疏水方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，轧车的轧辊左右压力均设置为2～3kg，车速设置为2～3m/s。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种防止微小水珠粘附的面料超疏水方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，所述面料放入烘箱中热风烘干，烘干温度为80～120℃，烘干时间为2～5min；定型温度为160～180℃，定型时间为2～5min。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种防止微小水珠粘附的面料超疏水方法，其特征在于，所述面料选自棉、涤纶、锦纶、丙纶、腈纶、芳纶、黏胶、维纶中的一种。
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